Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EXCELLENCE IN ENGINEERING
EDUCATION, RESEARCH
& ENTERPRISE
Faculty of Engineering
ANNUAL REPORT 2008
Vision To be a globally-distinguished engineering school
Contents
A Word from the Dean 2
Faculty Board 4
A Word
from the Dean
It gives me great pleasure to present you this 2008 component. It leads to an NUS Bachelor’s degree after
Annual Report of the Faculty of Engineering. 2008 three years, followed by a postgraduate programme
has been a year of New Ventures in Engineering. In at a top overseas partner university in the fourth year.
scaling greater heights as a research-intensive Faculty
that nurtures leaders in Engineering, we are taking In equipping our graduates to address complex
on unprecedented challenges such as climate change, challenges head-on, we have also focused on
natural disasters and ageing-related healthcare. We developing strategic research programmes. In line
have also introduced a new paradigm in engineering with national research thrusts, the Faculty will
education which will see graduates emerging pursue more use-inspired basic research that sees
from our Institution fully equipped, armed with more of our research output being translated into
entrepreneurial skills as well as the ability to lead and applications which benefit society. In 2008, we
solve complex problems. began to provide seed funding to some of these
strategic research programmes, to enable them to
In tandem with ongoing enhancements to the existing expand and develop major proposals for external
curriculum, we have put in place two new major funding. Concurrently, faculty research centres
initiatives which will be launched in the Academic and laboratories are being re-aligned to constitute
Year 2009-2010. These are the Design-Centric platforms for championing multi-disciplinary
Engineering Curriculum (DCC) and the Global research.
Engineering Programme (GEP). The DCC, which
emphasises problem-based learning, crosses disciplines, With the setting up of the new NUS Global Asia
fosters creativity and develops strong design skills to Institute, the Faculty will contribute to multi-
prepare graduates for a globalised economy. The GEP disciplinary research projects that address a variety of
is an exclusive programme for our very best students, large-scale research issues across Asia. With its core
and incorporates a notable global learning teams of researchers, it will work with other faculties
Annual Report 2008 3
in NUS and spearhead thought leadership on critical issues such as climate change,
sustainable development and engineering in medicine.
Our faculty members were awarded research grants totalling S$53 million in the first
eight months of FY2008-2009. Worthy of special mention are Dr Tong Yen Wah from
the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, who is the first person
from Singapore to receive a grant directly from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation;
Dr Sujeet Kumar Sinha from the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Dr Yeo
Yee Chia from the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, who received
substantial grants from the National Research Foundation (NRF). In addition, the
Faculty also garnered four of the nine research grants in the most recent Proof-of-
Concept call for proposals from NRF. The Faculty was also honoured through the
efforts of Dr Liu Bin from the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
who received the 2008 Singapore Young Scientist Award for her research on polymer
chemistry and the application of polymers in biosensors and solar cells.
Faculty Board
Assoc Prof Ashraf Prof Chua Assoc Prof Loh Prof Victor
Kassim Kee Chaing Han Tong Shim
Vice-Dean Vice-Dean Vice-Dean Vice-Dean
(Undergraduate (Research) (Graduate (External
Studies) Studies) Relations)
Prof Hang Assoc Prof Tang Prof Lawrence Assoc Prof Lee
Chang Chieh Loon Ching Wong Fook Hou
Head, Division Head, Department Head, Department Acting Head,
of Engineering of Industrial of Electrical Department
& Technology & Systems & Computer of Civil Engineering
Management Engineering
Engineering
Education
8 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Education
Transformational
Experiences
A Transformational,
Immersive Experience
For third-year student
Mr Veerappan Swaminathan,
his time at NUS has been nothing
short of transformational and
extraordinary. The co-inventor
of three patent applications
explains why.
“It has been interesting to be exposed to the ME Department, encouraged bold thinking and
entrepreneurial thinking and stand at the crossroads supported his team as they developed the solar pond
of engineering and business. This experience has fruit dryer. The team, together with their partners
helped me develop a great sense of adventure from the Mumbai University Institute of Chemical
and discovery,” says Veerappan. As a result of the Technology (MUICT), eventually won the award.
opportunities arising from the NOC programme, Their cash prize of €20,000 provided seed-funding to
he had the honour of addressing the audience at pursue the project further, to offer the technology to
the ‘Programme for the Future’ conference and more villages in India.
the privilege of meeting with Mr Steve Wozniak,
co-founder of Apple. He also took time, as many
exchange students do, to embark on hiking trips at
various national parks, jump off a plane and attempt
to ski at Lake Tahoe.
Mr Tan Heng Lee (in car) with team mate Mr Liew Zhen Hui,
after an exhausting 22km endurance race
Centennial 3 (2
(2006 to 2007)
First NUS FSAE car to weigh less than 200kg, with adjustable
pedal box to suit drivers of different leg lengths. Ranked 14th
for enginee
engineering design out of 130 teams (best in Asia).
Centen
Centennial 4 (2007 to 2008)
The be
best results so far at the annual FSAE competition. Out
of 12
121 registered teams, it ranked 22nd overall, 10th in
eng
engineering design (best in Asia and only Asian team to
ge
get into semi-finals), first in marketing presentation,
and fourth in fuel economy (best in Asia).
Fit to Race
NUS FSAE was very much at the forefront of Singapore’s inaugural F1TM SingTel Singapore Grand Prix in
September 2008.
Guest of Honour, Mr S Iswaran, viewing NUS FSAE racecars on display at Science Centre Singapore’s ‘The Science of F1TM’ Exhibition
In July 2008, at the pre-F1 event held at the newly of F1TM’ exhibition organised to educate the public on
erected Grand Prix Pit Building, two NUS FSAE the technology behind F1 cars.
racecars, namely, the 2006 and 2008 models, greeted
the crowds. Guest of Honour Rear Admiral (NS)
Lui Tuck Yew, Senior Minister of State, Ministry of
Education & Ministry of Information, Communications
and the Arts, and Mr Teo Ser Luck, Senior
Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Community
Development, Youth and Sports, and Transport, were
among many who visited our booth to admire our
racecars and chat with the team members.
When Singapore held its inaugural F1 race in are unpacked until they are packed up after the race
September 2008, three NUS FSAE graduates were for their next destination. Each of the 20 cars had
among a privileged handful to be selected as F1 one assigned scrutineer. The three scrutineers, whose
scrutineers. Mr Han Zu Kwang (ME graduate), who competence was trusted by the F1 organisers during
belonged to the seven-man 2004 FSAE team, was the Singapore Grand Prix, attribute their background
assigned to Sebastien Bourdais’ car in the Scuderia knowledge on Formula racecars to their varsity years
Toro Rosso garage. Mr Pang Cheok Fun (CE graduate) with the NUS FSAE project.
who belonged to the same 2004 FSAE team,
scrutineered Adrian Sutil’s car in the Force India Says an elated Yee Kin, “It was a dream come true.
garage, while Mr Chiew Yee Kin (ECE graduate), a For many years, I could only catch the F1 action on TV.
member of the 2006 FSAE team, scrutineered David But this time, I was in the thick of things in the teams’
Coulthard’s car in the Red Bull garage. garages. The added bonus was that this historic
event, the pinnacle of motorsports, was happening
Their task was to ‘scrutineer’ or ‘scrutinise’ the F1 on our home ground! I had seen F1 cars in European
cars for compliance with the rules set by the FIA museums with their engine covers removed, but they
(Federation Internationale de l’Automobile), as well were mostly 4 to 5 years old. At this F1 event, I got
as to make sure that these powerful machines were to see current F1 cars and how they are packaged
safe for racing. Racecars that failed the inspection to optimise their performance, weight distribution
by these scrutineers were not allowed to present and cooling. This is useful to me as I am faced with
themselves at the start line. Scrutineering work such design challenges in my daily work.” All three
usually takes place around the garages assigned to engineers look forward to scrutineering for the
the various F1 teams from the moment the F1 cars Singapore Grand Prix again.
L-R: Mr Chiew Yee Kin, Mr Pang Cheok Fun, Mr Han Zu Kwang in the F1TM Pit Lane (Photo: Darren Heath, courtesy of Datum Branding)
Annual Report 2008 15
“Designing this
vision system
was a difficult
task and I had to
write a number
of complex
algorithms in
just two months.
L-R: Mr Goh Qing Zhuang, Mr Chua Zi Yong, Mr Cher
Wei Liang and Mr Darren Luo Xueli But the concepts
I learned doing
invasive. Said Mr Cher Wei Liang: “Our in-depth
the engineering
market research – speaking to orthopaedic surgeons,
courses and
consultation sessions with entrepreneurs and other
the practical
related experts in the industry – was a key factor in
experience
our success.”
accrued over
three years as a Mr Ajay Kumar Mishra with the robot
All four team members were on a one-year internship which he developed to make it “see”
research student objects.
programme in Bio Valley, Philadelphia through the
at NUS helped
NUS Overseas Colleges (NOC) Programme when they
me build the system rather easily,” said Ajay.
got together and developed their business plan. In
recognition of their achievement, Gelomatrix also
received the NUS Student Achievement Award 2008.
IDEERS Earthquake
Gelomatrix comprises Bioengineering students Challenge 2008
Mr Cher Wei Liang and Mr Chua Zi Yong, Electrical &
Computer Engineering student Mr Goh Qing Zhuang The NUS team came in first among the foreign
and Mechanical Engineering student Mr Darren Luo teams participating in IDEERS Earthquake
Xueli. Challenge 2008 held in Taiwan in September 2008.
methods. The concrete mix had to be extraordinary the competition first came to Singapore in 2007,
in that it had to be lightweight (in order to be I competed in the event together with Shijia too but
floatable) as well as strong. A lot of effort went we were knocked out in the preliminary round,”
into producing lightweight concrete that could stay relates Zhiyong.
afloat. After various trials, the team eventually came
up with a winning formula.
For her postgraduate studies, Ming Hui draws “In addition, the biomolecular and biochemistry
strongly upon her engineering education modules that I took gave me a good foundation to
and what it has instilled in her. She says, “My be able to cope comfortably with my modules in
experience of solving engineering problems has Duke-NUS that integrate genetics, biochemistry and
increased my confidence. My professors showed molecular biology.”
me how complicated real life chemical processes
could be conceptualised in simpler ways, then Ming Hui is confident that her engineering background
progressively modelled, simulated, designed and will position her for success now and in the future.
optimised. The mode of thinking I developed and “I am confident that the problem-solving skills one
utilised in engineering works well for me now in acquires in engineering would be useful in any career
understanding the workings of the human body.” I would choose to pursue in the future,” she says.
Operation Orion
Sixteen students from the NUS Civil
Engineering Club ‘Operation Orion’
installed solar panels to generate
electricity for a school in Cambodia.
It was an unforgettable experience for the students as they learnt to apply their engineering skills to real life
situations. It was gratifying to be able to make an impact in this rural community. Said one team member,
“Operation Orion gives me the best opportunity to apply our engineering skills to make life better and I am proud to
be an engineer.”
Apart from this project, the team also engaged in a learning project at Agape Shalom Centre, where they taught
English and interacted with the locals.
Annual Report 2008 21
Global Opportunities
during the SEP semester. Lip Tong, who specialises the research-oriented culture in NUS, so when the
in Offshore Oil and Gas Technology, read four opportunity for UROP placement at NUS came, Siew
specialised modules that went beyond his scope of Ping did not let it slip away. UROP proved to be a
study and managed to achieve excellent grades for totally eye-opening and enriching experience. For
all. “This exchange programme was truly an enriching eight weeks in 2008, Siew Ping was attached to the
cultural experience and a rich intellectual adventure Institute of Microelectronics and exposed to research
for me,” says Lip Tong. work in the field of microelectromagnetic energy
harvesting devices. Said Siew Ping, “I truly cherish this
Mr Amarnath Hegde, a graduate exchange experience and would recommend it to all who wish
student from the Indian Institute of Technology to experience a world-class research culture.”
Bombay (IITB),
was attached to
the Department
Graduate Research Internship
of Civil
Engineering. Programme (GRIP)
The world-
PhD student Mr Hossain AKM Mahtab from the
class facilities,
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
lush campus
interned at Honeywell Technologies in Bangalore,
and warm
India, under
hospitality
the Graduate
added new dimensions to his educational experience.
Research Internship
Said Amarnath, “I go back with a sense of confidence
Programme (GRIP)
and satisfaction. Working with my supervisor Assoc
made possible
Prof Lee Fook Hou has helped me not only become a
by NUS Overseas
good researcher but a better person.”
College.
The internship
University Research Opportunity
programme,
Programme (UROP) open to full-
time graduate
Ms Low Siew Ping, an undergraduate from students enrolled
Imperial College London, UK had heard about at the Faculty of Engineering, is designed to grow a
community of India-savvy students who are familiar
with technology commercialisation processes.
of detecting moisture content in oil, and helped easily with the help and support of the people in
in the project of detecting an empty parking lot. CHCI. Interacting with the researchers in the Human-
Furthermore, I inspected the ‘localisation’ prospects Computer Interaction field also helps me broaden
using UWB signals which became very helpful for my my research perspective. I am also grateful for the
PhD research, because, up to that point, I had only opportunity to make new friends, try new food,
worked with narrow-band signals,” says Hossain. experience new culture and visit new places,” says
Thiha.
Hossain applied for the GRIP scholarship because
he had a desire to become a young entrepreneur
At the same time, CHCI also
after graduation. “The internship accorded me with
sent Mr Blake Sawyer , a
a wealth of real-life working experience which was
Masters student to Ambient
eye-opening and enriching at the same time. I was
Intelligence Laboratory/
also pleasantly surprised to discover how the whole
Communications Laboratory,
process of laboratory research is directed and
at the Department of
focused on meeting customers’ needs. I can
Electrical & Computer
confidently say that the internship has helped me
Engineering. Says Blake,
to gain a deeper insight and understanding of
“My summer internship at
industrial research, new ventures and corporate
the National University of
culture. It would certainly put me in good stead
Singapore was one of the
if I decide to pursue a business start-up,” concludes
greatest adventures of my life; both with the people
Hossain.
I met and the places I visited. Initially, I was worried
how I would adjust to a new place. However, the
people in the Ambient Intelligence Laboratory went
NRF-IDM Project on “Live out of their way to make me feel at home. I am
Redesigning Education
Eight PSU and 10 NUS students participated in the The foundational building blocks of systems
two-week programme in late May and early June engineering (SE) dealing with the understanding of
2008. During the two weeks, students were involved the basic systems concepts, optimisation, economic
in interactive classroom sessions, group projects and analysis and the stochastic nature of the world are
visits to companies to observe product development compulsory in this major. Specific skills in modelling
and managing the systems are among the restricted
electives offered. Finally, given that the usefulness of
systems engineering rests mainly in the application
domain, modules with the systems aspects from
other engineering disciplines are included as
electives to enable the students to integrate the
major with their own domain.
• ME – Bachelor of Engineering
(Mechanical Engineering), Bachelor of Technology
(Mechanical Engineering) and Bachelor of
Technology (Manufacturing)
Research and
Enterprise
30 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Research and Enterprise
Research Excellence
A Greater Harvest:
A Bold, New Solution
in Medical Engineering
A multi-disciplinary team from
NUS has invented a device which
extracts more stem cells from
the placenta than current methods.
“We had an idea: squeeze as much as possible, like Stem cells, extracted from the umbilical cord after
the juicer,” recalls Prof Ng, an Adjunct Professor at birth, are used to treat people who have blood
NUS and Director of O&G Partners Fertility Centre at diseases and in bone marrow transplants to produce
Gleneagles Hospital. healthy white blood cells. Current extraction methods
Annual Report 2008 31
assessments also show a decrease in the impairment of Driven by a vision to quench global thirst by
stroke patients, who reported improved hand function producing high-grade potable water for water-
in their daily activities, specifically in operating knobs, stressed countries and cities, Prof Ng Kim Choon
and grasping and holding objects. and his team from the Department of Mechanical
Engineering (ME) have developed and patented
Arm and hand functions are often impaired after a novel AD thermodynamic cycle and achieved a
a stroke, strongly limiting patients in their daily power consumption of 1.38 kWh/m3 – the lowest ever
activities. The Haptic Knob, a 2-degree-of-freedom recorded for desalination to-date.
(DOF) robotic device, helps patients to recover
grasping and forearm rotation functions, two The technology uses low-temperature activated cycles
movements critical to daily activities. The device was and it mimics the natural processes of evaporation
developed in collaboration with Dr Etienne Burdet of and condensation. A prototype of this, with internal
the Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College heat recovery processes, is being constructed at the
London, UK. King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
(KAUST), Saudi Arabia.
Most Energy-Efficient NUS has licensed the AD patents to Aik Moh Paints
Desalination & Chemicals Pte Ltd. The company has since won
a Climate Technology Initiative business award
NUS engineers have successfully developed the from International Energy Agency, and successfully
most energy-efficient and environmentally- sold three desalination-cum-cooling units in the
friendly adsorption desalination (AD) cum region. This research has received external funding
cooling cycle. amounting to more than US$5 million.
Annual Report 2008 33
Theirs is a three-
year project aimed at
biologically-inspired design,
fabrication and lubrication
of small machines such as
Microsystems and micro-
electro-mechanical systems
(MEMS/NEMS). This project
will investigate novel
methods of solving surface
related engineering issues
that will help design new generations of MEMS/ “Total engineering of surfaces is the way to go when
NEMS for greater functionality and longer life. The it comes to tiny devices, for performance, low energy
total grant from NRF is S$5.28 million. consumption, longer life and the functionality of the
device,” said Dr Sinha.
The team will use this research grant money to
establish new laboratory facilities to study many The team includes seven members from the
biological systems that specialise in the modifications Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME) and
of their surface properties such as adhesion and four international collaborators. The team consists of
friction by unique chemistry and surface texturing. Prof Lim Seh Chun, Assoc Prof Lim Kian Meng,
Examples include the super hydrophobic properties Dr Zhou Guangya, Assoc Prof Lim Siak Piang,
of the lotus leaf and the highly lubricious human hip Assoc Prof Vincent Tan Beng Chye and Dr Nalam
and knee joints. Satyanarayana. External collaborators are Prof Hugh
Spikes (Imperial College London, UK), Prof Kyung-
The team will mimic biological surfaces and Suk Kim (Brown University, USA), Prof Ernst Meyer
implement these novel ideas into several device- (University of Basel, Switzerland) and Prof Sanjay
level Microsystems such as MEMS. This research Biswas (Indian Institute of Science, India).
brings together mechanical engineers, materials
scientists, physicists and chemists to find an Dr Sinha has published more than 100 research
enabling solution to a multi-disciplinary problem articles in international journals and conference
and is poised to strengthen Singapore’s effort in proceedings. He is on the Editorial Board of
becoming a world-class centre for research and three international journals and chaired the 2nd
commercialisation of microsystems and medical International Conference on Advanced Tribology in
devices. Singapore in December 2008.
Annual Report 2008 35
Prof Chang
has a
proven track
record in
collaborative
research
with industry
partners. He
and his team
completed
a project for
intelligent
systems
design and
Keppel’s DSSTM series of semi-submersibles optimisation
are the most technically advanced
deepwater drilling rigs to be designed for the North-
and completed by Singapore to date.
East MRT Line
Photo: Courtesy of Keppel Offshore and
Marine Limited with Land
Transport
Authority, and completed two similar projects with
L-R (standing): Assoc Prof Chang Che Sau, Research Fellow British Railways Board and Kowloon & Canton
Dr Bai Hong and Research Engineer Mr Parikshit Yadav,
(Seated) Research Fellow Mr Xavier German Railway Corporation (Hong Kong). He and his team
also developed intelligent algorithms with Toshiba
Prof Chang of the Department of Electrical & Corporation (Japan) for de-noising and detection of
Computer Engineering (ECE) and his team are partial discharge in Gas Insulated Substations.
developing novel computer algorithms to synthesise
the design and location of offshore power plants for One of the members of the research team was Mr
greater cost-effectiveness. The algorithms will also Xavier German, who came to study in NUS as part
optimise the operation and maintenance schedules of a double degree programme with Supélec (École
for the adopted offshore power system, in order to Supérieure d’Électricité). This programme allowed
lower risks and achieve the best investment returns in him to study for four years in France and then do a
36 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Research and Enterprise
The company’s core platform technology is based The projects were picked from 136 submissions by
on luminescent materials. Special focus is placed on a panel comprising heads of prominent firms in the
nanostructured phosphors for solar cell performance biomedical and technology sectors. Recipients of
enhancement, these grants are expected to develop products with
fluorescent paints commercial viability.
and inks for
various security The four Principal Investigators are:
and commercial Dr Dieter Trau
applications. The project team from the
Division of Bioengineering has
Incorporated in developed an ultra low-cost
November 2007, its manufacturing technology for
founders include parallel biomolecular microarrays,
Prof Chow Gan- and seeks to prove its application
Moog, Dr Yi Guang to blood/serum testing, as well
Shun (Formerly a as to scale up the manufacturing
Research Fellow in Prof Chow’s group and currently process. The ability to reduce the manufacturing
the Chief Technology Officer of the company) and costs of these microarrays will enable it to displace
two businessmen, Mr Anthony Ho and Mr Yap existing test platforms, opening it up for applications
Pow Look. in many areas of biomedical research, clinical and
home and diagnostics, as well as for the monitoring
of biological threats in air, water and food.
Proof-of-Concept (POC) Grants The patent pending technology works well in a ‘lab
environment’ and the POC grant will be used to
prove its applicability for real samples and to develop
Four out of nine Proof-of-Concept Grants have
the technology into a robust method.
been awarded to the NUS Faculty of Engineering
by the National Research Foundation (NRF), a
The research team consists of Dr Trau and Visiting
government agency which promotes innovation
Assoc Prof Liu Wen-Tso, both from the Faculty of
and entrepreneurship.
Engineering, and Dr Daniel Lubrich from the Faculty
of Science at NUS.
Dr Steven Zhou
Imagine viewing videos on YouTube
or photos in Flickr in 3D. That
is what this project is about. Its
objective is to create an easy-
to-use mobile stereoscopic (e.g.,
IMax movie) content creation and
publishing platform by which the
end-user can use mobile devices or
Under the Proof-of-Concept (POC) scheme, each digital cameras to capture; use mobile devices or PC
project receives a grant of up to S$250,000. NUS to customise, publish, and share; and use different
received a large share of five grants from this round types of displays to share and view their own 3D
of POC, with four of them coming from the Faculty. stereoscopic photos/videos.
38 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Research and Enterprise
Dr Zhou has a wealth of experience in A DISH network consists of a variety of devices such
commercialising laboratory technologies. As as laptops, mobile phones and PDAs, communicating
the founder and director of MXR Corporation, with each other using a special DISH-based protocol.
a company that specialises in MiXed Reality, an It will enable higher rates of data transfer than
emerging cutting-edge technology, he owns many existing systems, thus providing higher download
patents and has been named Lifetime Fellow of the speeds and enhancing multimedia experience. The
World Technology Network. DISH network will be designed to be seamless to the
end user and work like existing wireless network
The research team consists of Dr Zhou and the access systems. Further advantages of the DISH
research staff from his Interactive Multimedia network are that it does not require the installation
Laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering. of additional hardware to users’ devices nor does it
require the deployment of additional equipment like
Assoc Prof Anjam Khursheed access points and base stations.
This project seeks to redesign the
Scanning Electron Microscope The researchers have developed the theoretical
(SEM) so it can detect and underpinnings of the technology and now aim
simultaneously capture the entire to verify their theoretical results in this project
energy range of its scattered by developing a cost-efficient infrastructure for
electrons. If successful, this will distributed cooperative wireless networking.
lead to significant improvements in
the SEM’s performance, effectively The research team consists of Dr Motani and Mr
transforming it into a powerful analytical tool Tie Luo, both from the Department of Electrical &
that can quantitatively map chemical/elemental Computer Engineering at NUS.
information on the nano-scale. Several commercial
partners have expressed interest to invest in this
technology upon successful completion of the project.
Novel Semi-Underground
Prof Khursheed has been researching and developing Fuel Storage Tanks
novel ideas in electron beam instrumentation for
A US provisional patent application on a new
the last 25 years and is the inventor of the portable
semi-underground fuel storage tank (SUFST)
SEM column concept and innovator of several
design has been filed.
different types of SEM attachments. Apart from
graduate students, the research team consists of Prof
Khursheed, Dr Mans Osterberg and Mr Luo Tao. This was developed by Prof Wang Chien Ming of
Annual Report 2008 39
the Department of Civil Engineering and Director of Manovega is the third and latest start-up founded
Engineering Science Programme, Dr Joshua Kuma, by Prof Garg of the Department of Electrical &
Director of Operations, M3TC and Engineering Science Computer Engineering (ECE). In Indian mythology,
students Mr Hafiiz Osman and Mr Liew Jen Hong. Manovega, which means the ‘speed of thought’ in
Sanskrit, is the fastest thing there is.
Prompted by the need to increase oil storage capacity
in land-scarce Singapore, the design may be deployed Manovega makes high-speed Internet access
in both existing and new construction of oil tank available using existing mobile networks, hence
farms. Singapore is already building underground oil its slogan – “Broad-band is good. Broader-band is
storage facilities and is seriously planning to construct betterTM”. The company is driven by the belief that
floating storage facilities to augment the land-based all Internet access must be high-speed, and that all
oil tank farms. Internet access must be provided on an ‘anytime,
anyplace, anywhere’ basis.
Global Recognition
He is a world leader in innovative thermal drying and management of research and development.”
technologies, and renowned in both academic
and industrial professional circles for his research Her research lies in the areas of design and synthesis
in thermal and non-thermal drying, a process that of organic molecules with architectures that optimise
consumes 10-20 per cent of national industrial energy their optical and electrical performances with
in developed countries. particular emphasis on the development of water-
soluble conjugated polymers and the exploration of
Prof Mujumdar also has a prestigious international their applications in biosensors, chemo-sensors and
award named after him, Arun S Mujumdar Medal, optoelectronic devices. With her team, Dr Liu also
for his outstanding contributions to drying R&D, works on conjugated polymer-based solid state dye
mentoring younger generations of researchers and sensitised solar cells. The team has also achieved good
promoting drying research on a global scale. device performance that could efficiently champion
this type of solar cells.
NSTA Young Scientist Award She has published 62 papers in top international
journals and her work has been cited more than 1,000
times in the last five years. As principal investigator, Dr
Dr Liu Bin has been awarded the National Science
Liu also holds 14 patents for the application of these
& Technology Awards (NSTA) Young Scientist
water-soluble polymers in biosensors and devices.
Award (YSA) 2008 for her outstanding research
Several of these patents have been used to spin-off a
on polymer chemistry and the application of
start-up company, Sirigen Pte Ltd. Her research team
polymers in biosensors and solar cells.
is currently working on polymer amplified PCR free
microarray technology for real-time detection of
genes and pathogens.
INSIC Distinguished
Contribution Award and IBM
Faculty Award
Prof Charanjit Singh Bhatia has received the
Distinguished Contribution Award 2008
from the Information Storage
Industry Consortium
Dr Liu Bin receiving the NSTA YSA 2008 award from Mr Lim
(INSIC) in honour and
Hng Kiang, the Minister for Trade and Industry recognition of nearly
a decade and a half of
Dr Liu of the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular leadership and outstanding
Engineering has gained international recognition in contribution to tribology
the polymer community. The prestigious NSTA YSA research for magnetic
is given for outstanding individuals who have made data storage achieving
distinguished, sustained and exceptional contributions. an extremely high
The award also recognises her strategic role in the density recording
development of Singapore through the “promotion of 10 Terabit/in2.
Annual Report 2008 43
“I am very happy to receive this award on behalf of Dr Yeo is also a world-leading nanoelectronics
NUS and especially happy for our graduate students, researcher. He has a strong technical acumen in
who will now have a chance to work on cutting edge nanoelectronics and focuses on high-impact tasks of
research and collaborate with some of the top notch relevance to technology needs. With his experience in
scientists from the IBM research centre in New York,” engaging experimental and theoretical research
said Prof Bhatia. in electrical engineering, solid-state physics and
materials science, he has founded a world-leading
He has already signed a Joint Study Agreement research group at NUS with multiple breakthroughs
(JSA) with IBM, which has facilitated additional in nanoscale transistor technologies.
joint research projects. NUS students and faculty are
collaborating with a team of world-class research Under his leadership, NUS engineers unveiled
scientists at IBM’s T J Watson Research Center, New transistor technology for scaling electronic devices
York, USA. down to 5 nanometers. This technology enables multi-
44 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Research and Enterprise
fold increase in circuit functionality and speed as well The Young Investigator Award is given to authors
as immense savings in power consumption and has who are 35 years of age or below. These awards are
advanced the frontiers of semiconductor technology. given on the basis of creativity, originality and high
impact on biomedical engineering and health care.
He is also widely credited and known in the
semiconductor industry for being the first in the Prof Lim’s research has been featured in the MIT
world to demonstrate that a new material comprising Technology Review magazine as one of the 10
silicon and carbon can be incorporated in transistors Emerging Technologies of 2006. He was also featured
to enable electronics to operate at significantly in the cover story of Pharma Focus Asia magazine in
higher speeds. He aspires to be a global leader 2008, with two other renowned researchers from the
in advancing knowledge in nanoelectronics and US for their nanobiomechanics research.
semiconductor science and technology.
The duo reported a collagen-based fibrous scaffold Investigating cell response to stretching using a live cell
imaging microscope
for the encapsulation and seeding of human
mesenchymal stem cells. This cell encapsulation
in scaffold technique is simple and less toxic as Prof Lim was the first in NUS to initiate
compared to existing fabrication techniques. mechanobiological research on human diseases at
cellular and molecular levels. Noting a lack of such
research in NUS, Prof Lim, trained in mechanics
at Cambridge and set up the Nano Biomechanics
Laboratory in 2002. His research has suggested that
the pathophysiology of diseases such as malaria and
cancer may be partly due to changes in the physical
properties of diseased cells.
He works with researchers from top universities such e-books using interactive digital media, it presents
as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard digital content in a much richer and dynamic
University, Duke University, Institut Pasteur, Peking environment and allows authors to create state-
University and Tohoku University. He gives full credit of-the-art digital books by seamlessly fusing digital
to his multi-disciplinary team of Post-Doctoral Fellows media such as text, images, animation, flash, video, 3D
and graduate students. “I was fortunate to have in one coherent format. These user-created e-books
an exceptionally talented and hardworking team are then uploaded to the KooBits publishing portal,
including medical doctors, engineers and physicists. read, shared and distributed in the global village.
Also, having good research support definitely helps as
it allows me to focus more on the important scientific Through Personal e-Motion, a start-up founded by
questions,” he said. the trio, KooBits™ Author has been successfully
deployed in many primary and secondary schools
Currently, he and his team are working on a micro in Singapore and around the region, as well as
device to retrieve circulating tumour cells in human internationally.
blood, which has attracted great interest from
oncologists. Ultimately, he hopes to develop new
diagnostic devices that are not only fast but also
sensitive in detecting diseases at the earliest possible
stage. Such devices are especially needed for diseases
where early diagnosis and detection are crucial.
Engineering.
A cool Prof Ge has a passion for nurturing his students in
technology entrepreneurship as they participate in the process
that enables of developing technologies and bringing these
children to technologies out from the laboratories into the
KooBits Portal create truly markets. He says, “At www.KooBits.com, every dream
interactive is possible and every soul soars!
46 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Research and Enterprise
Key Partnerships
Prof Lim shared the Faculty’s perspectives on areas of environmental concern and research in Singapore, while Vice-
Provost Tan welcomed DG Guo’s suggestion of collaboration in developing talent with respect to the Eco-city project.
This meeting paved the way for further discussions and follow-up visits.
Our People
54 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Our People
National Honours
National Day Awards 2008 and new research initiatives. This includes the holistic
development of Kent Ridge campus, Bukit Timah
Public Service Star campus, University Town and Duke-NUS Graduate
Prof Yong Kwet Yew, PPA, Medical School into vibrant and connected campuses.
BBM, of the Department
of Civil Engineering (CE) Public
was awarded the Public Administration
Service Star in 2008. This Medal (Silver)
is his third National Day Prof Tan Thiam Soon,
Award after the Public PPA, of the Department
Administration Medal of Civil Engineering
(Silver) in 2000 and the (CE) was awarded the
Public Service Medal in 2004. The Public Service Star Public Administration
(2008) was given on the recommendation of the Medal (Silver). Prof Tan
Ministry of Transport for his contribution as Board has made numerous
and Executive Committee Member of the Land highly respected contributions in his service to the
Transport Authority (LTA), and his significant input to University, including being the former Vice-Dean of
many aspects of land transport development since his Engineering and the Dean of Admissions.
appointment to the LTA Board in 2002.
Prof Tan is currently Vice-Provost (Education) and
Prof Yong is currently Vice President (Campus assists the Provost in setting educational directions
Infrastructure) and oversees matters related to the and policies for the University, in ensuring high
planning and sustainable development of campus academic standards, and in education quality
facilities to meet increasing student enrolment assurance. He has oversight of the Registrar’s Office,
Annual Report 2008 55
Office of Admissions, Office of Student Affairs, Centre the Head of Division of Engineering & Technology
for Development of Teaching and Learning, and Management in the Faculty of Engineering. He is
Centre for English Language Communication. also the founding Chairman of the university-level
Interactive & Digital Media Institute.
Public
Administration This is the second public sector recognition for Prof
Medal (Bronze) Hang, who won the Public Administration Medal
Assoc Prof Teo Chee (Gold) in 1998 for his distinguished contributions to
Leong, PPA, of the NUS as Deputy Vice-Chancellor.
Department of
Mechanical Engineering
(ME) and Director of the
Home Team NSman of the Year
NUS Overseas Colleges
was conferred the Public Mr Cheah Kok Keong, who manages the
Administration Medal (Bronze). Prof Teo is a man Professional Activities Centre at the Faculty of
of character with outstanding commitment and Engineering, has been named the Home Team
dedication to his work. He is extremely passionate NSman of the Year in 2008.
about making a difference in the NUS community.
A National Service (NS) key appointment holder in
With his infectious enthusiasm, he constantly the Singapore Civil Defence Force, LTC (NS) Cheah is
motivates his staff to give of their best at their work. the Battalion Commander of a Rescue Battalion. He
He also goes beyond the call of duty and takes time also serves as Chairman of the HomeTeamNS-JOM
to meet up with students and to encourage and spur Clubhouse Committee. He credits his excellence to
them on to realise their potential. NUS for allowing him to plan his work around his
NS schedules. NS has helped him to step out of his
Public Service Medal comfort zone, take charge of difficult situations and
Prof Hang Chang Chieh, make appropriate operational decisions as a Battalion
PPA, PBM, was awarded Commander.
the Public Service Medal
during the National Day
for his contribution to Mr Cheah
the gravity of Intellectual Kok Keong
receiving
Property in Singapore. He his award
has been the Chairman of from Mr K
Shanmugam,
the Intellectual Property Minister
for Law
Office of Singapore (IPOS) Board of Management and Second
since the establishment of IPOS as a statutory board Minister for
Home Affairs
with effect from 1 April 2001.
The Home Team NSmen of the Year award was
During the past seven years, he provided outstanding introduced in 2007 to accord greater recognition to
guidance and leadership to the organisation. He outstanding Home Team NSmen for their contributions
guided the top management in strategic thinking and achievements towards National Service. Given
needed to sustain and grow the organisation up to annually, it is the highest and most prestigious award
the present stage. He also served as Chairman of accorded to individual outstanding NSmen during
the HR Committee of IPOS. Prof Hang is currently their Operationally Ready National Service.
56 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Our People
Outstanding
Achievements
First Asian President of IMarEST from 101 countries that promotes the development
of marine engineering, science and technology. Prof
In a historic development, Prof Choo Yoo Sang Choo, who took over in March 2008, is from the
from the NUS Faculty of Engineering becomes Faculty’s Department of Civil Engineering (CE).
the 106th and First Asian President of IMarEST.
During his tenure as President of IMarEST, Prof Choo
intends to act as a bridge between the East and
the West, to help draw young talents to meet the
needs of the industry, and to actively engage in the
advancement of engineering science and technology,
and international networking.
Prof Ng led a research effort to fine-tune technology Prof Phoon of the Department of Civil Engineering
that generates electricity cheaply while cleaning used (CE) received the IACMAG Excellent Contributions
water. His work on microbial fuel cells uses bacteria Award from the International Association for
to generate electricity from organic matter and has Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics in
won a S$2.3 million grant from the Environmental October 2008 for his excellent scientific contributions
and Water Industry (EWI) Development Council to and leadership in the advancement of probabilistic
develop a prototype microbial fuel cell suitable for methods and large-scale computing in geomechanics
large-scale application. and geotechnical engineering practice. This
prestigious award is conferred every four years and
In current methods of used water treatment, about awarded to individuals who have made significant
half its operating cost is taken up by a process called contributions in research, academic activities and
aeration which also creates sludge, a by-product that professional service in the interdisciplinary area of
is costly to dispose of. This breakthrough by Prof Ng’s geomechanics.
Annual Report 2008 59
Prof
Khambadkone
of the
Department
of Electrical
& Computer
Engineering
Prof Phoon receiving the IACMAG Excellent Contributions (ECE) is always
Award from Prof John Carter (Pro Vice-Chancellor, exploring
The University of Newcastle, Australia) on 4 October 2008
in Goa, India ways to create
learning
Prof Phoon was part of a three-member team from environments.
the CE Department, together with Prof Tan Thiam His classes
Soon (who is also the Vice-Provost, Education) stimulate and encourage student participation
and Prof Leung Chun Fai (current Chairman of and come with comprehensive well-designed and
the Professional Activities Centre), to receive the thought-provoking materials. No wonder then
Minister’s Innovation Award (Distinguished) conferred that his efforts have been aptly rewarded with the
by Mr Raymond Lim, Minister for Transport in Outstanding Educator Award 2008.
recognition of their contribution towards a strategic
national project, in November 2008. The team was His goal is to educate students who can manage
engaged as the expert geotechnical consultants to their own learning and who have the ability to
assist in the planning, design, and implementation of investigate, design and solve problems in Electrical
an innovative method of reclamation. and Electronics.
In March 2008, Prof Phoon also received the He was also instrumental in developing core
Committee of the Year Award from the Geo-Institute, curriculum design for ECE programmes and
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), USA on developing new assessment methods for final year
behalf of the Risk Assessment and Management projects. He says, “My goal is to become a more
Committee “in recognition of their distinguished proficient educator so as to enable learners to
service to the Geo-Institute”. He has led this achieve their true potential.”
60 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Our People
and application of materials and processes. Prof Academic Palms) is an Order of Chivalry of France
Ramakrishna, who was then the Dean of the Faculty to academics and educators originally created by
of Engineering and is now Vice-President of Napoleon to honour eminent members of the
Research Strategy of NUS, says, “There is no parallel University of Paris. The Ordre des Palmes académiques
to the recognition by the highest international has three grades – Commandeur (commander),
professional society to an individual in his own Officier (officer) and Chevalier (knight).
profession. As a young engineer, I grew up learning
from the ASM International community and Fellows.
This recognition is an invaluable honour and joy
to me. I sincerely thank ASM colleagues for this
recognition and their confidence in me.”
Visiting Professors
There were 25 new visiting staff who assumed duty in 2008.
Here are some of them.
Distinguished Visiting Shuttle Tile problem that arose eight months prior to
Professors (Research) the first mission.
Alumni
too caught up in what appears to be popular at the the Senior Vice-President of Engineering Research &
moment and just to follow the crowd for the sake Development in Seagate Technology International.
of short-term profit. Global job markets can always
change. “When I first started out in my current In managing the Singapore-based Research and
research field 15 years ago, it was not yet well Development Centre – Seagate’s only product design
developed; now, it is hot and seen as highly valuable. and development centre outside the US – Mr Say
I could not have predicted its current success, but oversees a wide range of mission-critical product
simply followed my interests.” research and developments for the company,
especially in personal and consumer electronics
He also encourages students to engage in intense storage products. He is currently responsible for the
discussions with their professors. He has personally research and development of the notebook market.
benefited from the many deep conversations with Under his leadership, the R&D engineering team has
his academic mentors and their advice has shaped his experienced phenomenal success in the entry-level
way of thinking and has a strong impact on him to desktop computing and consumer solutions market;
this day. delivering well over 1,000 new inventions, 164 trade
secrets, 208 US patents and 13 international products
Prof Ho has this final bit of advice, “Despite the to date.
current economic slump, young engineers need not
be pessimistic. Clear thinkers and capable engineers Mr Say attributes the success in his career to his
are always in demand; the field of engineering itself solid engineering education and background. It
might change, but the process of thinking in which has positioned him with the necessary skill sets to
engineers are trained will never go out of style. manage the many demands and complexities of
They have impressive skill sets, so as long as they are leading high-performing engineering personnel. It
versatile and are willing to learn new things, they has also provided the analytical skills for him to see
should not have much trouble succeeding in the problems at the system level and enabled him to be
world, no matter what they choose to do.” able to understand the various needs of engineers
and the engineering skills required to grow a
successful R&D team.
Mr Say Kwee Teck
leads the R&D team When asked what he believed were the keys for
at Seagate’s only engineering students to succeed, this was what he
product design and had to say, “Stay with the fundamentals and adapt
development centre quickly to new technology. Constantly strive to
outside the United innovate and push yourself to find improvements
States. His team has or new solutions. Engineers create and improve the
delivered over 1,000 quality of life for people around them.” He also
new R&D inventions, had some words to inspire engineering students
164 trade secrets, 208 in today’s global slump, “The most important
US patents and 13 international products engineering skill that you would have picked
to date. up in the course of your training is the ability to
make analytical judgments, to have a broad-based
Having graduated with a Bachelor in Electronics approach to looking at issues. These skills are highly
& Electrical Engineering (Hons) and a Masters desired in any discipline of work. It provides the
in Engineering degree from the NUS Faculty of broadest entry point in the job market.”
Engineering in 1980 and 1986 respectively, Mr Say is
68 New Ventures in Engineering Excellence – Our People
Mr Say has more than 24 years of experience in the about four years. It was only in 1995 that he stepped
disk drive research and development industry, and into the Financial Services industry as a full- time
has garnered nine US patents to date. Prior to his agent. He was promoted from insurance agent to
venture into research and development, Mr Say was manager and was sent on a nine-month intensive
involved in automation at Hewlett Packard. course called the Agency Management Training
Course (AMTC) in 1996 where he emerged as the top
student. “I believe my success in the AMTC course was
Mr Harold Ng is made possible because of my engineering training
a leader in the in the University, Government and the MNC that
insurance industry, enabled me to be systematic and process oriented,”
where his engineering declared Harold.
training continues to
give him a leading Harold shares what he has gleaned as keys to success:
edge over his peers. “One of the most valuable character traits that I have
gained while pursuing my engineering degree at
Mr Harold Ng, who NUS is the ‘never-say-die’ attitude which has seen me
graduated from the through many challenges.” Another key is to balance
Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1985, has both drive and empathy. Although the general
had an illustrious career with Great Eastern that perception is that engineers are more analytical and
spans almost two decades. In 2006, he was appointed logical with the drive element being more dominant,
as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and President what is needed is a balance of both drive and
Director of PT Great Eastern Life Indonesia. During his empathy to get ahead.
tenure there, Harold managed to increase their sales
ten-fold and clinched exclusive distribution rights to The other key for engineers to succeed is the
a public-listed bank. Now back in Singapore, Harold courage to take risks. “I learnt about risk-taking in
continues to grow Great Eastern through his agency, conducting experiments and attempting difficult
Harold Ng & Associates. engineering problems. I have applied this in my
life. I have taken a calculated risk to jump into the
In 2008, Harold Ng & Associates was the Top Group insurance industry, giving up a comfortable and
in the entire Great Eastern Life Singapore and he prestigious career with the MNC and have been
was appointed as the Senior Director of the Financial rewarded for that leap of faith. My income has
Services of Great Eastern Life. Together with seven grown many-fold and I now have the freedom to
of his associates, Harold was among the first 12 direct the way my business is run.”
people in the industry, to be a Certified Financial
Practitioner under the Financial Industry Certification “In today’s global slump, we need to have the never-
Standard (FICS), which is the highest honour that can say-die attitude, the ‘can do’ spirit, the willingness to
be awarded to a sales person. Being reasonably good take risks and the courage to venture into ‘uncharted
at Mathematics when he was in school, pursuing his territories’ that appear difficult and uncertain. Many
degree in Engineering was a natural choice. But it big names today were those who took courage to
was really after graduating with a Master’s Degree plunge in during the Great Depression in the 1930s.
in Science (Engineering) that he has applied many of I believe many big names will similarly emerge in the
the engineering concepts to his life. future and will relate their successes to this financial
tsunami,” says Harold.
Harold started his career in engineering in a
Government R&D company and joined an MNC after
Annual Report 2008 69
L-R: Mr Stanley Png, Mr Alvin Leong, Mr Jeff Tang, Mr Peter Ho, Mr Ng Kiang Loong and Mr Ong Tek Wee.
(Seated in front) Mr Michael Leong
Ms Pranoti Nagarkar, who graduated from the After graduation, she joined a product design firm
Department of Mechanical Engineering in 2006, Inovasia and embarked on a few projects for Philips
invented an automated chapati machine for home designing products that were answers to real life
use. For that, she and her entrepreneurial start-up practical problems. Being able to see the entire
Zimplistic Inventions have been awarded the SPRING product cycle from concept to the final manufactured
Singapore grant under the Young Entrepreneurs product gave her the impetus to begin her own
Scheme for Startups (YES! Startups). product development.
Like her mechanical engineer father, Pranoti has “I found one particular problem that had a good
always enjoyed tinkering with appliances at home. value proposition,” recalls Pranoti. “Indians eat
She had a taste of success during a third-year chapati (wheat flat bread, similar to tortilla) as our
undergraduate design project where she and her staple food, and making them is a very tedious,
team designed a working prototype for Philips that repetitive and skillful task. And yet there is no
could automatically iron shirts, and won the best automated appliance for making it. I began thinking
design prize. She was also inspired by Assoc Prof on the concept, modelled a few concepts in CAD, and
Ian Gibson, the supervisor for her Final Year Project knew that this was definitely doable. That is when I
who is actively involved in the making of ergonomic quit my job, started Zimplistic, and came up with our
wheelchairs and other equipment for handicapped first invention: an automatic chapati/roti machine,
people, and Assoc Prof Seah Kar Heng, who is a the size of a mini microwave oven. Currently I am
constant support behind the Race car building project. building a full blown working prototype that will
Annual Report 2008 71
Newcomers in 2008
1 Cabibihan, John-John 8 Lin Yi-Pin
PhD (Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Italy) PhD (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Division of Environmental Science & Engineering
Research areas: Social Robotics, Tactile Sensing and Research areas: Environmental Chemistry, Water
Synthetic Skins Quality and Treatment
7 Kim Sujin
PhD (Cornell University, USA)
Assistant Professor
Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering
Research areas: Simulation Optimisation, Stochastic
Simulation, Applied Probability
Annual Report 2008 73
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
74
Annual Report 2008 75
Facts and
Figures
76 Facts and Figures
Staff
Staff Profile*
Full-time Faculty Members 308 24%
Adjunct Staff 84 6%
Other Teaching Staff 58 4%
Research Staff 437 34%
Administrative Staff1 76 6%
1
Non-Academic Staff 332 26%
1
Includes staff employed under grants
Research
Total Research Grants awarded to Faculty of Engineering
(excluding Research Scholarships)
*Period reported for FY2008-2009: 1 April 2008 – 30 November 2008
Amount (S$)
in millions
100
80
60
40
20
0
FY2003-2004 FY2004-2005 FY2005-2006 FY2006-2007 FY2007-2008 FY2008-2009*
25,884,353 38,753,106 37,739,858 55,275,325 94,563,453 53,098,144
Research
Research Grants and Scholarships awarded in FY2008-2009
Period reported: 1 April 2008 – 30 November 2008
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Spin-off Commercialised Products/ Inventions
Companies Licensed Technologies Patented
Research
Number of Citations
(in 5-year intervals)
Times
Cited
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1998-2002 1999-2003 2000-2004 2001-2005 2002-2006 2003-2007 2004-2008
Citing Years
Annual Report 2008 81
Collections
Tuition and other fees $15.4 million 90%
Donations and Sponsorships $1.7 million 10%
Total Income $17.1 million