MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1.1 Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located of
the coast of Luzon, and northeast of Palawan. The southern coast of
Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea. In past
times, it has been called Mai or Mait by Chinese traders and, by
Spaniards, as Mina de Oro (meaning "gold mine") from where the
island got its current name. According to the late historian William
Henry Scott, an entry in the official history of the Sung Dynasty for the
year 972 mentions Ma-i as a trading partner of China. Other Chinese
records referring to Ma-i or Mindoro appear in the years that follow.
From 1920 to 1950, the island was a single province with Calapan City
as the provincial capital. In 1950, it was divided into its two presentday provinces, Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro, following a
referendum that was pushed through by then acting governor Romeo
Venturanza.
1.1.1.1
Oriental Mindoro
A province of the Philippines located in
the island of Mindoro under MIMAROPA
region in Luzon, about 140 km southwest
of Manila. The province is bordered by the
Verde Island Passage and the rest of
Batangas to the north, by Marinduque,
Maestre de Campo (or known as Sibale
but official name is Concepcion) Island,
Tablas Strait and the rest of Romblon to
the east, by Semirara and the rest of
Caluya Islands, Antique to the south, and
by Occidental Mindoro to the west.
Oriental Mindoro is composed of 14
municipalities, with one city, Calapan City
serving as the provincial capital.

City:
Calapan City

Municipalitie
s:
Baco
Bansud
Bongabong
Bulalacao
Gloria

Figure 1: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro

Source: Ph fil oriental mindoro" by Roel Balingit
Figure 2: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro
Source: Ph fil oriental mindoro" by Roel Balingit

Mansalay
Naujan
Pinamalayan
Pola
Puerto Galera
Roxas
San Teodoro
Socorro
Victoria

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1.1.2
Occidental Mindoro
A province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in
Luzon. Its capital is Mamburao and occupies the western half of the
island of Mindoro, on the west by Apo East Pass, and on the south
by the Mindoro Strait; Oriental Mindoro is at the eastern half. The
South China Sea is to the west of the province and Palawan is
located to the southwest, across Mindoro Strait. Batangas is to the
north, separated by the Verde Island Passage.
Occidental

Mindoro is subdivided into 11 municipalities.

Abra De Ilog
Calintaan
Looc
Lubang
Magsaysay
Mamburao (Capital)
Paluan
Rizal
Sablayan
San Jose
Santa Cruz
Figure 2: Political Map of Occidental Mindoro
Source: "Ph fil occidental mindoro" by Roel Balingit

1.1.2 Population/Mindoreneos Statistics

1.1.2.1
Tagalog
Below is a table on Total Population by Province, City, and
Municipality from 2010 National Statistics Office: Census of
Population and Housing as of May 1, 2010. In Oriental Mindoro,the
City of Calapan has the biggest population and San Teodoro has the
least while in Occidental, San Jose has the biggest population
(bigger than Calapans) and Looc has the least. Mindoro has a total
population of 123, 8573.
1.1.2.1.1

Oriental Mindoro

Table 1: Oriental Mindoro Population

CITY/ MUNICIPALITY

POPULATION

Baco

35,060

Bansud

38,341

Bongabong

66,569

Bulalacao (San Pedro)

33,754

City of Calapan (Capital)

124,173

Gloria

42,012

Mansalay

51,705

Naujan

94,497

Pinamalayan

81,666

Pola

32,984

Puerto Galera

32,521

Roxas

49,854

San Teodoro

15,810

Socorro

38,348

Victoria

48,308

TOTAL POPULATION

785,602

2010

1.1.2.1.2

Occidental Mindoro

Table 2: Occidental Mindoro Population

CITY/ MUNICIPALITY

POPULATION

Abra De Ilog

29,225

Calintaan

28,148

Looc

9,758

Lubang

23,068

Magsaysay

31,969

Mamburao (Capital)

39,237

Paluan

15,223

Rizal

34,458

Sablayan

76,153

San Jose

131,188

Santa Cruz

34,544

TOTAL POPULATION 2010

1.1.2.2

452,971

Mangyan

According to Mangyan Heritage Center in Calapan, Mindoro,

There are around 300 million indigenous peoples in the
world. In the Philippines, of the projected population of 94
million in 2010, about 15%
belong to indigenous groups.
Mindoro is the seventh largest
island in the Philippines, with
an area of 10,224 square
kilometers and two provinces
Oriental and Occidental. Of
the total population of one
million,
the
indigenous
population is estimated at
100,000 +, 10% of the total
population of Oriental and
Occidental
Mindoro,
70%
animists and 30% Christians,
but official statistics are
difficult to determine under
the conditions of remote
areas, reclusive tribal groups
and some having little if any
outside world contact.

Figure 3: Ethnographic Map of Mindoro (Mangyan Tribes)

Source: Mangyan Heritage Center

Mangyan is the collective name for the eight indigenous

groups living in Mindoro, each with its own name, language,
and set of customs: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tau-buid,
Bangon, Buhid, Hanunuo, and Ratagnon.
Census of Population and Housing of the 8 tribes population
(total of 104,056 Mangyans) from National Statistics Office
: Household population by Ethnicity and Sex as of May
1, 2010 gives the following figures:
Oriental Mindoro

Occidental Mindoro

1.1.2.2.1
Iraya (26,789 population 2010 NSO )
The Iraya occupy the northwestern part of Mindoro,
where one of the country's highest peaks, Mount
Halcon, is located. The word "Iraya" is derived from the
prefix "i" - denoting people, and "raya", a variation of
"laya" which means "upstream," "upriver" or "upland".
Thus the meaning of the word is "people from
upstream" or "uplanders". Historically, however, the
Iraya occupied the coastal region in some distant past,
until they were pushed further inland by settlers from
other places. The word also means "man", "person",
and adult" (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.2
Alangan (16,595 population 2010 NSO )
The Alangan occupy northwest central Mindoro. One
theory about this term is that it could mean "a group
of people whose culture is awkward", from the Tagalog

word alangan, which means among other things

"uncertainty", "doubt" or "precariousness". (Servano,
2006)
1.1.2.2.3
Tadyawan (4,271 population 2010 NSO )
There is scant information available regarding the
Tadyawan, who live in sparse settlements in the
northeast part of the island.
1.1.2.2.4
Tau-buid (11,716 population 2010 NSO )
The Batangan or Taubuhid (also Tawbuhid), the most
numerous of the Mangyan groups, occupy the central
highlands of the island in the Occidental Mindoro. They
live in a region where mountains tower 1950 m high.
The word "batangan" derives from "batang", meaning
"trunk of a felled tree", and "an", meaning "place", and
refers to a place where felled tree trunks may be
found, probably a swidden field. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.5
Bangon (13,656 population 2010 NSO )
The Batangan are also known as Bangon or Taubuhid.
Other names used to refer to them are Bukid, Bu'id,
Buhid, and Buhil, despite the fact that there is a
separate identifiable group to the south, the Buhid.
Local subgroups include the Bayanan and Saragan.
(Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.6
Buhid (913 population 2010 NSO )
The Buhid occupy the south central part of Mindoro.
Their territory just about equally straddles the eastern
and western provinces comprising the island.
(Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.7
Hanunuo (29,188 population 2010 NSO )
The Hanunoo Mangyan live in a mountainous area
about 800 sqkm in the southeastern part of the island,
mainly in Oriental Mindoro. Their territory is under the
municipal jurisdiction of Mansalay, Bulalacao, and a
certain part of San Jose, which is the capital of
Occidental Mindoro.
1.1.2.2.8
Ratagnon (928 population 2010 NSO )
The Ratragon occupy the southernmost tip of the
island province, quite close to the coast facing the
Sulu Sea. They lie nearest the aquatic route going to
Busuanga Island in the northernmost Palawan and the
Cuyo islands, two places where the language spoken is
Cayunon, which is also used by the Ratagnon
(Servano, 2006)
1.1.3 Healthcare
1.1.3.1
Hospitals and Infirmaries Statistics
1.1.3.1.1
Oriental Mindoro
Name of Facility

Address
No./Street Name

Barangay

Mun./City

License Date Validity

Name of Head
Classification
No. Issued Period ABC
of Facility

GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

4B10
1515I
1

Bulalacao
Community
Hospital
Naujan Municipal
Hospital

Santiago St.

Naujan

4B21
1510I
1

Jan
1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
10
2015

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015

10

Archie S.
Yboa, MD

Infirmary

Lenelinda C.
Onanad, MD

Infirmary

4B20
15100
H11

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
100
2015

Marpheo
Marasigan,
MD

Level I

Anthony K.
Cruzado, MD

Infirmary

Oriental Mindoro
Provincial Hospital

Ilaya

Calapan City

Roxas District Hospital

Odiong

Roxas

4B14
1525I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015

Renato Umali Reyes

Hospital of Bongabong

Brgy.
Labasan

Bongabong

4B06
1522I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

22

Pinamalayan

4B01
1510I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

Guillermo A.
10 Gonzales, MD

Pinamalayan
Community Hospital

Strong Republic,
Nautical Highway

25

AS OF MAY 1, 2010

BED TO POPULATION

2010

Infirmary

Infirmary

177 BEDS

TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS

ORIENTAL MINDORO

Levon Franco
V.R.F.
Baldoza, MD

785,602

POPULATION

1:4438

RATIO

PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

Children's Medical
Clinic
Hospital of the Holy
Cross

Bonbon

V.R. Medrano Sr.,

cor. T.M. Kalaw Sts.

Ilaya

Calapan City

Calapan City

4B07
1510I
2
4B15
1530
H12

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
10
2015

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015

30

Emmanuela K.
Lim, MD

Infirmary

Renato Jose
M. Priela, MD

Level I

Poblacion
IV

Victoria

4B19
1508I
2

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

Tawiran

Calapan City

04B
10014
50H22

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2014

Ma. Estrella General

Hospital

Tawiran

Calapan City

4B04
1575
H12

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

75

Senor Tesoro Hospital

Poblacion II

Victoria

4B32
1508I2

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

Pinamalayan

4B10
1530
H12

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

4B15
Pinamalayan 1510I2

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

10

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015

Virgilio D.
Umali, MD

Infirmary

25

Vicente
Jeronimo L.
Santos, MD

Infirmary

Baldomero A.
Esteban, Jr.,
MD

Infirmary

Charis S.
Santiago, MD

Infirmary

Mina de Oro General

Hospital
MMG Hospital &
Health Service of
Oriental Mindoro

J.P. Rizal St.

Pinamalayan Doctors
Hospital

Francisco St.

Saint Paul General

Hospital

Quezon St.

Umali Medical Clinic

Gelacio Ocampo
St.

Sta. Maria Village Clinic

Block 4, Sta. Maria

Village

St. Lawrence Hospital

Grace Mission Hospital

Strong Republic,
Nautical Highway

De los Reyes Medical

Clinic

Aguinaldo St.

Nuestro Espiritu
Medical / Surgical &
Diagnostic Clinic

Poblacion I

Victoria

4B24
1505I
2

Infirmary

Claro M.
Reyes, MD

Level II

Melinda
Corazon N.
Goco, MD

Level I

Leo P.
Geronimo, MD

Infirmary

30

Eloisa N.
Mambil, MD

Level I

Paulette Tessa
G. Candelaria,
MD

Infirmary

50

Calapan City

4B42
1425
H12

Jan 2,
2014

Jan 2
Dec 31,
2014

Poblacion
III

Victoria

4B20
1504I2

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

Catinigan

Socorro

4B37
1515I
2

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
10
2014

Pinamalayan

4B23
1510I
2

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

10

Bongabong

4B18
1504I
2

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

Brgy. Ipil

Gregorio S.
Valdez, Sr.,
MD

Antonio M. de
los Reyes, MD

Adolfo P.
Espiritu

Infirmary

Infirmary

Luna Goco Medical

Center

Lalud

Calapan City

Atienza Polyclinic

Poblacion II

Victoria

04B
01914
30H22
4B16
1506I2

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2014

30

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

AS OF MAY 1, 2010

BED TO POPULATION

Level II

Rosinico F.
Fabon, MD

Infirmary

315 BEDS

TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS

ORIENTAL MINDORO

Mario Augusto
Lorman L.
Goco, MD

2010

785,602

POPULATION

1:2493

RATIO

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT

499 BEDS

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO

1: 1575

1.1.3.1.2

Occidental Mindoro

Address

Name of Facility

No./Street Name

Barangay

Mun./City

License Date Validity

Name of Head
Classification
No. Issued Period ABC
of Facility

GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

Poblacion

Abra de Ilog

4B41
1510I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

10

Carlos R.
Dipasupil, MD

Lubang District
Hospital

Brgy.
Tangal

Lubang

4B09
1525I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015

25

Venmar S.
Sayapal, MD

Occidental Mindoro
Provincial Hospital

Brgy.
Tayamaan

Mamburao

Paluan Community
Hospital

Brgy.
Alipaoy

Paluan

4B11
1510I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

San Jose

4B08
1550I
1

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

Abra de ilog Municipal

Hospital

Venturanza St.

San Jose District

Hospital

National Highway

San Sebastian District

Hospital

Sitio Macambang

Sta. Cruz Community

Hospital

Buenavista

Sablayan

Poblacion II

Sta. Cruz

4B03
15100
H11

4B01
1525
H11
4B02
1510I
1

BED TO POPULATION

AS OF MAY 1, 2010

2010

Infirmary

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Ner T.
Dec
31, 100
2015
Agoncillo,
MD
2015

Level I

Rosario M.
Barrales, MD

Infirmary

50

Noelito S.
Fernandez,
MD

Level I

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

25

Paulino D.
Legaspi, Jr.,
MD

Level I

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

10

Leonida M.
Pallayaban,
MD

Infirmary

Jan
1,
2015

10

230 BEDS

TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

Infirmary

452,957

POPULATION

1:1969

RATIO

PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

St. Magdalene Hospital 0218 Bonifacio St.

San Jose

4B42
1507I
2

Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015

Lope C. Asilo,
MD

Infirmary

Zapanta Maternity &

General Hospital

Liboro St.

Westmin United
Doctors Hospital Co.

Gomez St.

St. Martin's Mission

Hospital

San Roque

Brgy. Pag
asa

San Jose

4B30
1515I
2

Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015

San Jose

4B59
1410I
2

Feb
18,
2014

Feb 18
Dec 31,
2014

Jan 1,
2015

Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015

Poblacion

Sablayan

4B03
1515I2

Infirmary

10

Eleanor S.
Costibolo, MD

Infirmary

15

Sr. Josephine
Rose F.
Blanco, OP,
MD

Infirmary

47 BEDS

TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
BED TO POPULATION

Senen M.
Zapanta, Jr.,
MD

15

AS OF MAY 1, 2010

2010

POPULATION

452,957
1:9637

RATIO

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT

277 BEDS

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO

1: 1635

MINDORO PROVINCE
TOTAL BED COUNT

803 BEDS

TOTAL POPULATION (2010

1,238,559
1: 1543

TOTAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO

1.2

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Oriental Mindoro Health Investment Plan (OMHIP) admits that
public health facilities which cater to the poor are mostly illequipped, with inadequate supply of drugs and medical supplies.
Private hospitals that provide better health care are beyond the
reach of the poor. It also acknowledges the limited access of
Mangyans to health services. In addition, this development is
aiming to give solution to the following problems that currently
exists on our health care for lung and respiratory health:

In this province, respiratory diseases still rank as the

leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The most
common causes of morbidity are upper respiratory
tract infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea and
pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In Occidental Mindoro,
acute respiratory infection has also been the leading
cause of morbidity, followed by diarrhea and
gastroenteritis. There is no hospital development that
specialized in prevention and cure of lung and
respiratory diseases to efectively reduce the case of
such diseases.
As shown in the 1.1.3.1 Table of Hospitals and
Infirmaries Statistics, existing and new facilities ofers
limited type of service and care for the prevention,
cure and treatment of lung and respiratory diseases.
Most of the public hospitals are at Infirmary level and
four (4) out of 13 in the whole province is at Level 1
Hospital which is a very small hospital, an emergency
type one that ofers ONLY:

initial treatment for cases that require

immediate treatment and that provides primary
care for prevalent diseases in the area
o general medicine, pediatrics, minor surgeries,
and non-surgical gynecology
o primary clinical laboratory, pharmacy and first
level radiology
o nursing care for patients needing minimal
supervised care
Patients have no choice but transfer to private
hospitals because of the limited services and
equipment.
o

Source: Center for Health Development- Region IVB Statistics as of

2010
(Highlighted are disease/ ailments connected to Respiratory
System)

Oriental Mindoro Provincial Profile

Leading Causes of Morbidity
Causes
Acute Respiratory Infection Rate/100,000
3417.67
Bronchitis
451.87
Urinary Tract Infection
372.82
Wounds all forms
337.63
Pneumonia
322.51
Hypertension
285.66
TB, all forms
280.85
Diarrhea
265.59
Rhinistis
230.40
Tonsilo Pharyngitis
190.67

No.
24,861
3,287
2,712
2,456
2,346
2,078
2,043
1,932
1,676
1,387

Leading Causes of Mortality

Causes
Diseases of the Heart
Cancer
Pneumonia
COPD
Hypertension
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Diabetes Mellitus
Multiple Organ Failure
Accident
Degenerative Diseases

Rate/100,000
79.05
34.23
30.79
30.79
19.38
12.51
12.37
11.00
10.72
9.35

Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality

Causes
No. Partum Heorrhage
Rate
Post
5 Preeclampsia
67.13
2 Uterine Atony
26.86
2
26.86
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality
Causes
No.Prematurity
Rate
15
1.74
Congenital Malformation
8 Pneumonia
0.93
7 Septicemia
0.81
6Undetermined
0.70
5 Asphyxia
0.58
5
0.58
Tetanus
Neonatorum
5 Membrane
0.58
Hyaline
Disease
3
0.35
Diseases of the
Heart
3
0.35
Respiratory
Distress
Syndrome
2
0.23

Occidental Mindoro Provincial Profile

No.
575
249
224
169
141
91
90
80
78
68

Leading Causes of Mordibity

Causes
Rate/100,000
Acute Respiratory Infection
3417.67
Bronchitis
451.87
Urinary Tract Infection
372.82
Wounds all forms
337.63
Pneumonia
322.51
Hypertension
285.66
TB, all forms
280.85
Diarrhea
265.59
Rhinistis
230.40
Tonsilo Pharyngitis
190.67

No.
24,861
3,287
2,712
2,456
2,346
2,078
2,043
1,932
1,676
1,387
Leading Causes of Mortality

Causes
Rate/100,000
Diseases of the Heart
79.05
Cancer
34.23
Pneumonia
30.79
COPD
30.79
Hypertension
19.38
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
12.51
Diabetes Mellitus
12.37
Multiple Organ Failure
11.00
Accident
10.72
Degenerative Diseases
9.35
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality

No.
575
249
224
169
141
91
90
80
78
68

Causes
No. Partum Heorrhage
Rate
Post
5
Preeclampsia 67.13
2
Uterine Atony 26.86
2
26.86
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality
Causes
No.
Prematurity Rate
15
1.74
Congenital Malformation
8
0.93
Pneumonia
7
0.81
Septicemia
6
0.70
Undetermined
5
Asphyxia 0.58
5
0.58
Tetanus
Neonatorum
5
0.58
Hyaline Membrane
Disease
3
Diseases of0.35
the Heart
3
0.35
Respiratory
Distress Syndrome
2
0.23

Currently, the Bed to Population Ratio for Public and

Private Hospitals in Oriental and Occidental Mindoro is
1:1,596 and 1:1,635, respectively which is insufficient
compared to a standard of 1:1000.
MINDORO

HOSPITAL FACILITY

TOTAL
HOSPITALS

TOTAL BEDS

MINDORO PROVINCE
TOTAL

35

769

POPULATION
2010

BED TO POPULATION
RATIO

1,238,559

1: 1631

POPULATION

BED TO POPULATION
RATIO

ORIENTAL MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY

TOTAL
HOSPITALS

TOTAL BEDS

GOVERNMENT

177

785,602

1:4438

PRIVATE

16

315 BEDS

785,602

1:2493

TOTAL

24

492 BEDS

785,602

1: 1596

2010

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY

TOTAL
HOSPITALS

TOTAL BEDS

POPULATION

GOVERNMENT

230 BEDS

452,957

1:1969

PRIVATE

47 BEDS

452,957

1:9637

TOTAL

11

277 BEDS

452,957

1: 1635

2010

BED TO POPULATION
RATIO

Facilities are deteriorating because of lack or insufficient fund

allocation or subsidy. Thus, resulting to poor medical care to
patients. These are the main challenges confronting the public
hospitals are:
(1)
deficient infrastructure,
(2)
deficient manpower,
(3)
unmanageable patient load,
(4)
equivocal quality of services,
(5)
high out of pocket expenditure.
1.3

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Challenges in providing health care for everyone is the focus of the
research. Some factors are given below that made the study
significant:
1.3.1 Significance of the study to the patients
There are two Primary Users- Patients in this study the
Tagalogs and Mangyans. This study will show how healthcare
should be universal and equal (age, gender, class and special
conditions including PWDs).
1.3.2 Significance of the study to the healthcare providers
The study will provide healthcare providers a better
understanding on Mangyans health beliefs and be able to
make solutions or necessary adaptations on cultural
diferences
1.3.3 Significance of the study to the field of Healthcare
Architecture
The study will also have significance in the field of
architecture since the development is one of the new
concepts in a building development. Architecture will be the
medium on how social factors afect the design of buildings.
1.4

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

1.4.1 GOAL
To plan and design Mina de Oro Provincial Hospital and
Center for Respiratory Health
1.4.2 OBJECTIVES
1.4.2.1
To design a Tertiary Level
General hospital with specialized services for cure and
prevention of lung and respiratory diseases that will
can also cater other provinces in MIMAROPA; To make
health care services more accessible for Mangyan and
Poor Communities, a culture-sensitive facility, by
allocating special Mangyan wards and provision of free
medical services to Mangyan patients and training of
Mangyan volunteer health workers.
1.4.2.2
Design a New Hospital by
applying the principles of therapeutic and healing
design approach for better comfort and convenience of
the users and for faster recovery of the patients in the

1.4.2.3
Design a Self- Sustaining
Hospital to minimize operating and maintenance cost,
and maximize expenditure on health related services.
1.5

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1.5.1 SCOPE
The study will discuss the significance of a Provincial Hospital and
Center for Respiratory Health: its organizational structure: the
people and spaces which involves such development. It will also
identify the best location for the development and its specific
architectural design planning and development schemes
This study will give the reader a broad knowledge of what a culturesensitive hospital is like, especially in the province of Mindoro and
how it will help the poor health status in the province and in its
region.
1.5.2 DELIMITATIONS
This study is delimited to architectural concept, design and ideas as
well as its planning and organization of spaces and brief structural
schemes. Environmental systems may difer depending on site
location; studies of other potential sites can be done. The solution
will also be limited because of budget restrain but provision for
expansion will be allocated. Set of users showed in this book is
based on the standards and may be changed depending on the
location and functions/level of hospital. However, this book can
serve as a reference on similar health facilities that also aims for
the ware fell of other Indigenous people or tribes.

1.6

JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

For the past years, the poor and the disadvantaged groups in the
region have encountered many kinds of barriers when trying to gain
access to health care and medical services, basic education, water
and sanitation, nutrition services and shelter. The inequities in
access to health facilities and services resulted to poor health
condition across rural and urban population and communities. With
the increasing regional population, the provision of health and
nutrition services must be expanded and intensified considering the
anticipated level demand for these services. The challenge to meet
these demands to improve the well-being of the people will require
an orchestrated actions from the national and local governments,
private
groups,
non-government
organizations
and
the
people/communities
themselves.
(MIMAROPA
Regional
Development Plan 2011-2016, 2015)
Social Sector: Health Services
Goal
1. A socially developed city with healthy, highly skilled and globally
competitive individuals and well-protected citizenry with access to
basic social services in a well-balanced environment.
Objectives
1. To attain quality standard of health and promote a peaceful,
lively and productive life.
2. To accomplish the majority set of regional targets in terms of the
Millennium Development Goals.

3. To achieve full access to socially responsive and quality health

services to all the people of MIMAROPA region.
4. To greatly improve the health status of all the regional populace
and contribute to the poverty alleviation and socio-economic
development of the region.

Strategies

Promote the upgrading, expansion and modernization

of community health facilities and manpower resource;
Initiate a public-private partnership in the construction
of health infrastructures and in investment in
development of natural /herbal drugs where local
governments resources is limited or inadequate.
Increase the coverage, access and utilization of health
care services through implementation of sector wide
approach and providing equitable pro-poor, clientoriented and best quality services.
Accelerate the financing, construction and delivery of
specialized/advanced secondary and tertiary health
facilities in major towns and cities to increase and
expand peoples access to modern and quality health
services.
Intensify health promotion and education and disease
prevention in the school through provision of standard
toilet and safe water facilities, package of basic school
health services and inculcating healthy habits and
practices and sex education in school children.
Intensify the service delivery and management of
projects/programs and prevention and control of
communicable diseases (STI/HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria, etc.) through community mobilization and
participation in the control of the infectious diseases.

Existing Oriental Mindoro Provincial Hospital

In the Province of
Proposed Mina De Oro Provincial Hospital
Oriental
Mindoro,
there is an existing
Provincial Hospital
which is level 1 with
100 beds which is
located in the City
of
Calapan.
The
poorest
of
the
population are the
main
users
of
government health
facilities, yet these
health facilities are
too remote to them
especially from the
Municipality
of
Bulalacao and Manansalay which is at the farthest end of the Province,
approximately 6 hours away through the usual means of transportation,
which at worst case because of still insufficient service and equipment will
be further referred to Region IV-As Regional Hospital which is 1-2 hours
away via boat plus 30 minutes on land transportation.

The proposed Provincial Hospital

in
Pinamalayan,
which
is
centrally located provincially and
Regionally is an attempt to give
solution to the previously stated
problems in persisting causes of
mortatlity and morbidity; very
insufficient number of hospital
beds compare to the provinces
vastly increasing population; and
cultural problems especially of
the Mangyans

Figure 1 ORIENTAL MINDORO SPECIAL

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM on Health Sector

The study is not a physical plan yet but is under ORIENTAL MINDORO SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM of Hon. Alfonso V. Umali, Jr. and Hon. Reynaldo V. Umali on Health Sector.

1.7

DEFINITION OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND CONCEPTS

1.7.1 General Textual Definitions
1.7.1.1
Contextual Definitions
BLT (buildleasetransfer) - Under BLT a private entity builds a
complete project and leases it to the government. On this way the
control over the project is transferred from the project owner to a
lessee. In other words, the ownership remains by the shareholders
but operation purposes are leased. After the expiry of the leasing
the ownership of the asset and the operational responsibility are
transferred to the government at a previously agreed price. For
foreign investors taking into account the country risk BLT provides
good conditions because the project company maintains the
property rights while avoiding operational risk.
Building Height Limit (BHL) - the maximum height allowed for
structures or buildings expressed as number of floors or storeys.
Comprehensive Land Use Plan refers to a plan which includes
a land use map, factors indicting the socially desired mix of land
uses and a set of policies to guide future development.
Ethnicity a primary sense of belonging to an ethnic group. Ethnic
group is consanguine in nature, meaning, the ties are reckoned by
blood and traced through the family tree. Thus, ethnicity refers to
the household member's identity, by blood and not by choice nor by
adoption/confirmation for any ethnic group, primarily the
Indigenous Peoples (IPs).
Epistemology diferent forms of knowledge of that reality, what
nature of relationship exists between the inquirer and the inquired?
How do we know?
Floor/Area Ratio (FAR) - is the ratio between the Gross Floor Area
of a building and the area of the lot on which it stands. Determined
by dividing the Gross Floor Area of the building and the area of the
lot. The Gross Floor Area of any building should not exceed the
prescribed floor area ratio (FAR) multiplied by the lot area.
Hospital - refers to a place devoted primarily to the maintenance
and operation of facilities for the diagnosis, treatment and care of
individuals sufering from illness, disease, injury or deformity, or in
need of obstetrical or other medical and nursing care. It shall also

be constructed as any institution, or building, or place, where there

are installed beds, cribs, or bassinets for twenty-four hour use or
longer by patients in the treatment of diseases
General a hospital that provides services for all kinds of
illnesses, diseases, injuries or deformities. A general hospital
shall provide medical and surgical care to the sick and
injured, as well as maternity, newborn and child care. It shall
be equipped with the service capabilities needed to support
board certified/eligible medical specialists and other licensed
physicians rendering services in, but not limited to, the
following:
i. Clinical Services
1) Family Medicine
2) Pediatrics
3) Internal Medicine
4) Obstetrics and Gynecology
5) Surgery
ii. Emergency Services
iii. Outpatient Services
iv. Ancillary and Support Services, such as clinical
laboratory, imaging facility and pharmacy.
Other Health Facilities - refers to a Primary care facility;
Custodial Care Facility; Diagnostic/ Therapeutic Facility; and
Specialized Outpatient Facility
Infirmary - refers to a first contact healthcare facility that
ofers basic services including emergency service and
provision for normal deliveries and hospitalization (short stay
average of one to three days length of time spent by patients
before discharge) in simple cases.
Institutional Uses uses that pertain to the provision of
government, social, religious, educational, cultural, police / military
and other services such as, but not limited to, government offices,
schools, hospitals / clinics, academic/research, convention centers
and police stations.
Land Use Intensity Controls (LUIC) - refer to controls on open
spaces (PLO), building bulk (FAR), building height (BHL) and
impervious surfaces (AISAR). The LUIC is imposed to control, among
others, traffic generation, requirements on utilities, over-building,
over-crowding, visual access and to attain the desired zone
character. The LUIC is applied as follows:
a. Maximum Allowable Building Area per Floor in Square
Meters = Lot Area x Allowable PLO
b. Maximum Allowable Gross Floor Area in Square Meters =
Lot Area x Allowable FAR
c. In determining the maximum number of floors per building,
BHL regulations shall apply.
Methodology What tools do we use to know that reality?
Mina de Oro - Mindoro provinces name was coined from the
Spanish phrase Mina de Oro, which literally means mine of gold.
Mindoros rich soil is awash with mineral deposits, including gold, as
well as other natural wonders that can be considered a gold mine
for tourism.

Ontology - ways of constructing reality, how things really are

and how things really work
Population Projection computation of future changes in
population numbers, given certain assumptions about future trends
in the rates of fertility, mortality and migration. Demographers
often publish high, medium, and low projections of the same
population based on diferent assumptions of how these rates will
change in the future
1.7.1.2

Operational Definitions

Center for Respiratory Health - a building or establishment

housing local medical services or the practice of a group of doctors
that focuses or specializes in aiding and preventing respiratory
diseases.
Healing Design/ Environments - for healthcare buildings
describes a physical setting and organizational culture that
supports patients and families through the stresses imposed by
illness, hospitalization, medical visits, the process of healing, and
sometimes, bereavement. The concept implies that the physical
healthcare environment can make a diference in how quickly the
patient recovers from or adapts to specific acute and chronic
conditions. (Stichler, 2001)
Lung Diseases - refers to many disorders afecting the lungs, such
as asthma, COPD, infections like influenza, pneumonia and
tuberculosis, lung cancer, and many other breathing problems.
Some lung diseases can lead to respiratory failure.
Mindoreneos - refers to collective inhabitants of Mindoro Provinces
Patient-centered care - Providing care that is respectful of and
responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and
ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. (IOM, 2001)
Provincial hospital - refers to a central hospital with its
catchment area of whole population of the province
Respiratory Health - state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
in the organs that are involved in breathing, including the nose,
throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also known as the
respiratory tree.
Tagalog this term is not associated with ethnicity but refers to
Mindoreneos aside from the Mangyans, these people are lowlanders
who consist of diferent Ethnicity such as Bisaya, Ilocano and of
other local and foreign ethnic groups.
Therapeutic Architecture - can be described as the peoplecentered, evidence-based discipline of the built environment, which
aims to identify and support ways of incorporating those spatial
elements that
interact with
people
physiologically and
psychologically into design.
Urban Corridor (UCD) refers to the strip of land on both sides of
the National Road from the Socorro to the Gloria boundaries. It also

includes the strip of land along the Airport Road from Barangay Sto.
Nio to the boundary with Gloria. The depth of the UCD shall be 250
meters on both sides of the said roads, reckoned from the road
rights-of-way. It covers portions of the following barangays:
Bangbang, Cacawan, Del Razon, Malaya, Maliancog, Nabuslot,
Pagalagala,
Palayan,
Pambisan
Malaki,
Pambisan
Munti,
Panggulayan, Papandayan, Quinabigan, Sta Isabel, Sta. Maria, Sta.
Rita and Sto. Nio.
1.7.1.3

Abbreviations

BHFS Bureau of Health Facilities and Services, the bureau

of DOH charged with the implementation of these rules and
regulations
CHD Center for Health Developent, the regional health
office of DOH
CON Certificate of Need
DOH Department of Health
MIMAROPA - MIndoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and
Oriental Mindoro), MArinduque, ROmblon and Palawan
MOOE Maintenance, and Other Operating Expenses
PPP Public-Private Partnership