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the fall and often persisting well into the winter. The fruit
are consumed by birds, including thrushes, waxwings and
starlings; the seeds are dispersed in their droppings. Photinia species are sometimes used as food plants by the
larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Common
Emerald, Feathered Thorn and Setaceous Hebrew Character.
2 Taxonomy
Description
Photinias typically grow from 415 m tall, with a usually irregular crown of angular branches; the branches
are often (not always) thorny. The leaves are alternate,
entire or nely toothed, varying between species from
315 cm in length and 1.55 cm wide; the majority of
species are evergreen but several are deciduous. The
owers are produced in early summer in dense terminal
corymbs; each ower is 510 mm diameter, with ve
rounded white petals; they have a mild, hawthorn-like
scent. The fruit is a small pome, 412 mm across, bright
red and berry-like, produced large quantities, maturing in
3 Uses
Photinias are very popular ornamental shrubs, grown for
their fruit and foliage. Numerous hybrids and cultivars
are available; several of the cultivars are selected for their
1
REFERENCES
to hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which blocks cellular respiration. The amount of HCN produced varies considerably between taxa, and is in general greatest in
young leaves.[11] Ruminants are particularly aected by
cyanogenic glycosides because the rst stage of their digestive system (the rumen) provides better conditions
for liberating HCN than the stomachs of monogastric
vertebrates.[12]
5 Species list
Flower of an ornamental shrub cultivar
Toxicity
6 References
[1] Potter, D., et al. (2007). Phylogeny and classication
of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1
2): 543. [Referring to the subfamily by the name Spiraeoideae"]
[2] Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606607
[3] Photinia royel Horticultural Society. Accessed May 2013
[4] James B. Phipps. 1992. "Heteromeles and Photinia
(Rosaceae subfam. Maloideae) of Mexico and Central
America. Canadian Journal of Botany (Revue canadienne de botanique) 70(11):2138-2162.
[5] Vidal J. E. (1965). Notes sur quelques Rosaces Asiatique
(II) (Photinia, Stranvaesia). Adansonia 5: 221237
[6] Kalkman C. (1973). The Malesian species of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). Blumea 21: 413442
[7] Campbell, C.S.; Evans, R.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Dickinson,
T.A.; Arsenault, M.P. (2007). Phylogeny of subtribe
Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(12): 119145.
[8] Robertson, K.R.; Phipps, J.B.; Rohrer, J.R.; Smith, P.G.
(1991). A synopsis of genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae).
Systematic Botany. 16(2): 376394.
[9] RHS Plant Selector - Photinia x fraseri 'Red Robin'". Retrieved 26 May 2013.
[10] Table 4: Poisonous Range Plants of Temperate North
America. Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 201105-05.
[11] K. A. Jacobs, F. S. Santamour, Jr., G. R. Johnson, M.
A. Dirrs (September 1996). Dierential Resistance to
Entomosporium Leafspot Disease and Hydrogen Cyanide
Potential in Photinia (PDF). J. Environ. Hort. 14 (3):
154157.
Some varieties of Photinia are toxic due to the pres- [12] Lester R. Vough, E. Kim Cassel (2004, 2006). Prussic
ence of cyanogenic glycosides in the vacuoles of foAcid Poisoning of Livestock: Causes and Prevention
liage and fruit cells.[10] When the leaves are chewed
(ExEx 4016)" (PDF). South Dakota State University. Rethese compounds are released and are rapidly converted
trieved 2011-05-04. Check date values in: |date= (help)
External links
Flora of China: Photinia
Flora of China: Stranvaesia
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