WELDED CON N ECTIONS

ofjoining two pieces of metal by establishing a metallurgical bond between them. The
he connected are brought closer and the metal is melted by meqns of electric arc or oxyalongwith weld rod which adds rnetal to the joint. After cooling phe bond is established
hro elements.
advantages and disadvantages ofwelded connections are discussed and different types

of

ions are explained. After briefly explaining IS 800-2007 specifications for welded conmctrod of designing welded connections and bracket connections is illusilated with examples.

ruYANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WELDED CONNECTIONS

mg are the advantages of u'elded connections:

mc b the absence of gusset plates, connecting angles etc., welded structures arc lighter.
IIte absence of making holes for fasteners, makes welding process quicker.
s. teHing is more adaptable than bolting or riveting. For example, even circular tubes can be

I[

umfly connected by welding.

4[ ft is possible to achieve 100 percent fficiency in the joint whereas in bolted connection it can
mpach a maximum of 7G-80 percent only.
5" tr{bise produced inwelding process is relatively less.
ffi Tfelded connections have good aesthetic appearance.
T- Welded connection is airtight and watertighl. Hence there is less danger of corrosion of steel
silructures and welded connection is preferied for making water lanks.

Welded joints are rigid.

9" There is no problem of mismatching o/holes in welded connectiofis whereas in bolted connections mismatching of bolt holes creates considerable problem.
W- .dlterations in connections can be easily made in the design of welded connections.

f'.llowing are the disadvantages of welded connection:

il- Due to uneven heating and cooling, members are likely to distort in the process of welding.
There is a greater possibility of brittlelfracture in welding.
3" Awelded joint fails earlier than a bolted joint, if the structure is underfatigue stresses.

96

Design of Steel Structures

4. The inspection of welded joints is

dfficult and expensive. It needs non-destructive

5, Highly skilled persoa is required for welding.

6. Proper welding
1. Welded

.1irtrrEs

joints

infield conditions is difficult.

rigid.

are over

0F wELDED rotNrs

There are tirree types of welded joints:

y'|.

Buttweld

t'"t-Ut)

L $t='o'

2. Fillet weld
3. Slot weld and Plug weld.
t

If
ft

.rA.z.t Butt weld

Butt weld is also known as groove weld. Depending upon the shape of the groove made for
welds are classified as shown in Table 4.1.

dfr

olm

508

i
I

Table 4.1 Types of butt weld

Sl.

I
I

Nn"

rtg"

Type of Butt Weld

{a)

Square l'ruft weld, on one side

tb)

Square butt rveld, both sides

(c)

Single V butt

(d)

Double V-butt joint

(e)

Single U buttioint

(f)

Single J-buttjoint

(s)

Singie bevel buttjoint

t
r

joint

I
l

l. C-l0a;r

SknWeld and lthrg

Nole: Similarly there can be double Li, double

J and double bevel butt

joints.

Cl Sows atypicrl

&

tufillaweldfui

{-4 Sows tlrpicalPhg

right angles to each other in lap joint,

tee

two surfaces
joint or corner.jginll. Figure 4.1 showl typical

be connected

adh

97

Welded Connections

!
L;g

+i
-+l

l<.Leg-size

l+-'

Leg size
(b)

(a)

Figune 4.1 Typical fillet rvelds.

irm-section of fillgt weld is isocel

dardfillet

rial circumstances 60o and3Oo angles are also used.

is lnown as concave fillet weld, convex fillet weld or as mitre fillet weld depending rrpon

ofu'eld face, [Refer Fig. 4.2]

(b) Convex
s-

size

,-

(c) Mitre

throatthickness

Figure 4.2 Types of fillet welcls.

Slot Weld and Plug Weld

{-3 shows a typical slot weld in which

a plate

with circular hole is kept with another plate to be

md then fillet welding is made along the periphery of the hole.

4.4 shows typical plug welds in which small holes are made in one plate and is kept over another
m be conrected and then the entire hole is filled with filler material.

98

Design of Steel Structures

ffi
Figure 4.3 Slot

o
Figure 4.4 Plug

4.3 IMPORTANT

weld.r/

iln
iEr
tncf,r1

*"rilr.u/

SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING

Requirernents of welds and welding shall conform to IS 816 and IS 9595, as appropriata. Some
portant specifications regarditrg butt weld, fillet weld and plug and slot welds as per IS

listed below:

4.3.1 ButtWeld
1. The size of butt weld shall be specified by the effective throat thickness. In case of a
penetration butt weld it shall be taken as thickness of the thinner part joined. Double U, double V,
J and double bevel butt welds may be generally regarded as complete penetration butt welds.
The effective throat thickness in case of incomplete penetration butt weld shall be ta
the minimum thickness of the weld metal common to the parts joined, excluding rein
the absence of actual data it may be taken as 5/8th of thickness of thinnermaterial (IS 800-.1

rh-

rrm-

99

Welded Connections

lm$h of butt weld

qruc

shall be taken as the length of fuIl size weld.

lenCth of butt weld shall be four times the size of the weld.
butt welding is used, it shall have an effective length of not less than four times the
betw'een the fwo welds shall not be more than 16 times the thickness of the thinner

''#leld
frldiffiet r-eld:

,flk

of normal fillet weld shall be taken as the minimum weld leg size.
penetration welds with penetration not less than2.4 mm, size of weld is minimum
,rry suze - 2.4 mm.
For;fiitret q,elds made by semi automatic or automatic processes with deep penetration more
ilm l-4 mm, if purchaser and contractor agree,
suee

Fum derrp

s = minimum leg size + actual penetration

ffiuumnnm size of fillet weld specified is 3 mm. To avoid the risk of cracking in the absence
rttrril:nr!trrs the mlnrmum slze specrled are

of

plate '/ 3 mm

- -;ss than 10 mm
; .: - -t to 20 rnm plate
: -: ) ro 32 mm plate
; -:
-:l to 50 mm plate

5mm
6mm
8mm

itfi*tve
rrn

throat thickness: It shall not be less than 3 mm and shall not generally exceed 0.71
'under special ciicumstances), where r is the thickness of the thinner plate of the elements

nwre,nelded.

lf the faces of plates being welded are inclined to each other, the effective throat thickness
be taken as K times the fillet size where K is as given in table below:

$rir,riIl

:.:

between fusion faces

:stant

600-900

0.70

91'-100'

101'-106'

0.6s

0.60

1070-ll3'
0.55

114'-120'
0.5

ifrective lenqth: The effective length of the weld is tEi-lenglb-e!.lh9.ju9ld for which specried size and throat thickness exist. In drawings only effective length is shown. While wtlding
lEngth rqadS-fS-SuauA-effectivelength plus tw;ice the size of the weld. Effective length should
not be less than
Lap joint: The minimum lap should be four times the thickness of thinner part joined or 40 mm
rn-hichever is more. The length of weld along either edge should not be less than the transverse

spacing of welds.

100

Design of Steel Structures

6. Intermittent welds: Length shall not be less than4 times the weld size or 40 mm
is more. The minimum clear spacing of intermittent weld shall be l2t for
joints and l6t for tensile joints, where / is the thickness of thinner plate joined.
mittent Welds shall not bd used in positions subject to dynamic, repetitive and

Th

stresses.

4.3.3

Ftrug Welds

The effective area of a plug weld shall be considered the nominal area of the hole.

4.4 DGSIGN STRESSES IN WELDS

Butt Welds

ld!

btutB

Butt welds shall be treated as parent metal with a thickness equal to the throat thickness, and the
shall not exceed those permitted in the parent metal.

TFillet Wetrd" Slot or Plug Wclds

Desisn strenqth shall be based on its throat area al4 rhaL!

hgjlvgl l't"

r-;-:7;\
J
=r
Jwd

where, ,*-

l,

Mhau"mx

Jwn

)'*r,

=*

;ld.mlb

[5rr rhr

= smaller ofthel ultimate stress of the weld or of the parent metal.

Tm",=1.25 for shop

CS"

weldsl - f

= 1.5 forfieldwelds.

J -

ffi

The following provisions are made in the code for the fillet welds applied to the edge of aplate or
I

DESre

r-tdarliil,
hmMbyth

. If a fillet

weld is to the square edge of a part, the specified size of the weld should generally
at least 1.5 mm less than the edge thickness (Ref. Fig. 4.5)

.LI
"tonr

Figure 4.5

2.

If fillet weld is to the rounded toe of a rolled section, the specified size of the weld should generally not exceed 3/qth of the thickness of the section at the toe (Fig. 4.6).

pl&

isindt

if
YMuddtor
\- tfi *d irr
b Fe 4t0 Elr&tt

Welded Connectians

lo1

Figure 4.6

mbject to dynamic loading, the fillet weld shall be of firll size (Fig. 4.7) with its
oqual to the thickness of plate.

Acceptable

(Reduced throat thickness)

l.{ot acceptable

Figure 4.7

flh

weld, normal to the direction of force shall be of unequal size with throat thickness
ttan 0.5r as shown in Fig. 4.8. The difference in the thickness of weld shall be negotiaarmiform slope.

rN DESTGN STRESSES FOR LONG JOTNTS

ofthe welded joint

is greater than 1501, where / is throat thickness, the design capacity

of

ll be reduced by the factor

o.il,
fm =1.2- ,rni s t.o
1.1

thick plate is joined to a 16 mm plate by 200 mm long (effective) butt weld. Determine the

ofjoint

if

edouble V buttweld is used

e single V butt weld is used
that Fe 410 grade plates and shop welds are used.

r02

Design of Steel Structures

It

ry

hlb:

112 or flatter

lfll

her*
mrffr;

Figure 4.8

Solution:
Case

(i):

Double V butt weld joint

Since in such case complete penetration takes place, throat thickness = thickness of thinner

l=16mm.
Effective length

fu= 4l}N/mm2,

L*=

200 mm

since it is shop weld

y-*=

daembcd=
sir= l2 - 15,

1.25

Effective area of weld = effective length x throat thickness

Design strength of weld =

L. t f.

trOmfilletd
I,lfur- I*=

lJl

T
2ooxrcxarcf
1.25

= 605.987

kN

FuIld6i8rrh

Jl = 605987 N

!{Pr l'*. = l-l

Answer

q
ire lengrh of,d

Fuil desigD
Case

(ii):

Single V butt weld

joint

Since penetration is not complete, effective throat thickness /

=:x16
8

=10 mm.

normal

wldd.I

Welded Connections

,.103

L.tf,tJt

sirength:
y*

2o0xrcxarcf

Ji

t.25
= 378.742k}:l

= 378742N
Answer

mitable longitudinal fillet weld to connect the plates as shown in Fig. 4.9.to transmit a pull
firll strength of small plate. Given: Plates are 12 mmthick; grade ofplatesFe 410 andweldmade in workshop.

ffirimrlm

size to be used = 5 mm

illuimum size=

12

1.5

= 10.5 mm

Uhes= l0mmfilletweld
ffi = 4t

N/mm2, y** = 1.25,

thickness of plate = 12 n11^, breadth of plate = 100 mm

Full design strength of smallerpl

ate=&
Tmo

'fi,

= 250

MPa, T^o=

1.1

.'. Full design strensth--12"f OOt 35,0 =272727 N

1.1

kt effective length of welds be,t.,

Assuming normal weld, throat thickness

t=0.7 x 10=7mm

Design of Steel Structures

104

Design strength of weld

{'1

ito

- L*,#"iU
=t-*.x

r*

-ll0
,5 "t:S

Equating it to the strength of plate, we get

ai:.

--

garityof

6e4

ful,engthofqr

L',xj
' x1p*

=272727
t'2s
J: -l-

Lrr,=205.7

fre frctorcd

Eitr rhrr

ofrd

nm

Provide effective length of 105 mm on each side.

Example

-1.3

A tie member of a roof truss consists of 2 ISA 10075,8 mm. The angles are connected to
of a l0 mm gusset plates and the member is subjected to a working pull of 300 kN. Design the
connection. Assume connections are made in the workshop.

Solution:
Working Load = 300 kN

FactoredLoad = 300

1.5 = 450

kN

rnm weld

ofI, =

Thickness of weld:

(i) At the rounded

toe of the angle section, size of weld should not exceed =

,=1t8=6mm

xthickness

(ii) At top (Ref. Fig. 4.10) the thickness should not exceed

lr

s=l-1.5=8-1.5=6.5mm.

Hence provide s = 6 mm, weld.

'2 of +

Each angle carries a factored pull

Let

= 225 kN.

L*be the total length of the weld required.

Assuming normal weld, t = 0.7 x 6 mm

Design strength of the weld =

7,,r$*)*

Js

t.2s

410

=L*xo.7xor,'*,o

In case fte leagtten

lengthofdfl

The
axis

oftheweldr

Welded Connections

105

bthe factored load, we get

L..,x0.7x6*1P"
-

.13

;"

l'25

= 225x103

.L* = 283 mm.

EE{r,ity of the angle section is at a distance

fre length of top weld

with that of angle,
,&1

,a.31= Lz (100

_69 ,

3l

mm fiom top.

and L2be the length of lower weld. To make centre of gravity of

weld

31)

--La

il

*L.=283

@: = 87

mm.

&' = 195 mm.

6 mm v76ld of

L1=

195 mm and

L2= 87 mm as shown in the Fig, 4.10.

ISA 10075,8 mm

Fillet at rounded end

Figure 4.10

In case the lefrgth available-at the sides becomes insufficient, end fillet weld also may be proThe length of endfillet shouldbe the same on either side of cen-trqidal axis ofthe angle, so that
axis of theweld and the section coincide (Fig. a.ll).

Design of Steel Structures

106

Figure 4.1I

Example 4.4
Design the welded connection to connect two plates of width 200 mm and thickness 10 mm for
cent efficiency.

slum

-{rea of the

Solution:
Strength of plates

A-f,,
E" /

T-o

200x10x250
= 454545 N
1'l

rr-o slot u-elds

10

1.5

of{

Minimum size of weld = 5 mm.

Maximum size =

{5

= 8.5 mm.

consiss of
Design the
to4{X) mm.

Uses=8mmweld.
Effective length of fillet welds = 2 (200 - 2 x 8)

tr,ol

wl&d

L*=368mm'
Throat thickness t - 0.7 x
Design strength of fillet

250, [From sfiEdtr

welds

4tft*

of web = 7.1

,,*L

=368x0.7xata1=0"

Js

Slot welds are to be provided to resist a force of

Strength of the slot

1.25

offlange = l4-I

=390255N

454545

390256 = 64289 N

arta = 3867 mm2

desip strengfh

ofd

weld = !:' = +Tmw ,l3y__,

thickness
410

Ji

x1.2s

=189.37 N/mm2

- J rrm

thickness=7.1-ls=4mmweld-

Welded Connections

107

Figure 4.12

64?8.?
- 189.37
= 339.5 mm2

tro

slot welds of size 10 mm

x l7 mm as shown inFig.4.l2.

{5
consists of two ISMC 250. The channels are connected on either side of
a l2mm thick
Design the welded joint to develop the full strength of the tie.
However the overlap is to
to400 mm.

E"

250, fFrom steel tables]

ofweb = 7.1 mm
of flange = 14.1 mm
axea

= 3567 ml.fi

design strength of each channel =

hickness:
thickness = 3 mm.
thickness =

s=4mmweld.

.l

-1.5

5.6 mm

j867

L250 = 878864 N

Design of Steel Stntctures

108
Throat thickness, t = 0.7

x4 = 2.8 mm

{1
Sfiength of weld - L*t '" x
Jl Tm*
410
=

L.x2.ttx;Fx

I
125

Equating strength of weld to tensile strength of the channel, we get

ol3r-!-

Lwx2.8x13

= 878804

1.25

I" = 1658 mm'

The arrangement can
Since allowable length is limited to 400 + 400 mm it needs slot weld.
shown in the figure with two slots of length 'x" Then
400 + 400 + (250

2 x 30) +

4-x

= 1658

x = 167 rnm.
(as 2s length of weld will be in effective at each term)
Provide x = 185 illm as shown in Fig. 4.13.

-T
60
I

x0

70?50

r0

htcrH&

gr.vityofe

ai

scss

Figure 4.13

4.6 ECCENTRIC

CONNECTION
WELDS ISTHE SAME

isfudieEr
+Io"lte polrl

PLANE OF MOMENT ANDTHE PLANE OF

rdedesignitfu

Figure 4.14(a) shows a typical case. The eccentric load P is equivalent to

(i)
(ii)

twisting momentP x

e.

uniform size be provided throughout and't'be the effective throat thickness. If

in the weld is
depth of wel d and'b' is the width as shown in the figure, the direct shear stress

Let

exlxessrm

a direct load P at the centre of gravity of the group of weld and

a

&Ebt

a weld of

,,_

1Zt

a1,

'd

l3c

109

Welded Connections

(b)

Figure 4.14

in the weld due to twisting morfent is the maximum in the weld at the extreme distance from
gavity of the group of weld and acts in the direction perpendculiar to the radius vec(or. The
stress due to the moment

Pxexr^o
I
azz

'r

fL+

is the distance of the extreme wel<lfioni the c.g. of,.the group.

I*the

polar moment of inertia. The vector sum of the stress is q = qt2 +

safe design it should be less than the resistance per unit area.

expression is equal to [Ref. Fig.

a.1 @)]

q*= q2sin9
4y=4t + 42 cos0

q?.

+2qq2cos1

110

Design of Steel Structures

Example 4.6
Determine the maximum load that can be resisted by the bracket shown in Fig. 4.15, by fillet
size 6 mm, if it is shop welding.

&r=ffixt
-{pl}f
&=r*'r'&
f,tr*

=nrq,

n5
Eno=
1S*I

dHtrt
lilom.

320

th=

?:

r7

= (r3
I

tctwoft
Figure 4.15
Solution:
Size of weld = 6 mm.

Throat thickness = 0.7 x 6 = 4.2 mm

Consider the area of the weld which has channel shape and has width 4.2 mmthroughout.

I-;

={lf

Total area of weld = 320 x 4.2 + 140 x 4.2 x 2

= 600 x 4.2 mm2

=Pd

Due to symmetry, centroidal r-x axis is at the mid height of vertical weld. Let centroidal y-7
at a distance x from the vertical weld. Then

x=

-1!"!22J9"2
6oox4.2

=32.67 mm

*, = Lx4.2x3203 +140x4.2x1602 x2
t2

= 41574400

mma

= l-6l
resist a stress

maximum

d=

silst

I"69016P: l[9_3?

P= l12

k\

Welded Connections

1,, = 320x 4.2 (tz.ot

)2.,

[# "

p+03

x 4.2 + 4.2 x t 40 (7 o

= 4994080 mma

I-= Iol Iw=46568480 mma

/aax

=Jroo2 +(t+o -32.67)2 =192.66mm.

tan0 =

i60
140

0 = 56.15'

-32.67

of load from the centre of gravity of weld

e

=240 + 140 * 32.67 =347.33 mm-

kilo newtons.

Px1000

Px1000
Totalarea 600x4.2

Stfess a'
tt =-=-

= 0.3968PN/mm2
at extreme edge due to torsional moment

Ll)=-

Pxexr,*
1,,

Px1000x347.33x192.66
46568480

= l.43.7APNlmmz

qf + qi +2q1q2cos0

=P
= 1.69046 P
cm resist a stress or =

LrJ-=
=189.37 N/mm2
Jg r.2s= #pJ: xr.zs

MpAing maximum stress to resisting stress, we get,

1.69046

P:

P = 112

189.37

kN

Answer

111

32.6\'z)

tt2

Design of Steel Structures

=56-lf

Example 4.7
In the example 4.6, if the lbad is 100 kN inclined at 30o to vertical in clockwise direction, check
the weld is safe.

{r=
1r-

Solution:
The horizontal component of load = 100 sin 30o

=50kN
The vertical component

-i
crpclt!'-4x

= 100 cos3Oo = 86'6 kN

Twisting moment on the joint = -50 x 160 + 86'6 x 347 '33

= l!9-r'

=22078.77 kN-mm
=22078.77

Direct shear stress in horizontal direction =

r!

ftseld

103 N-mm

is safe.

{J

%#

thickbrackapltr
Fmd fre size of

19.841N/mm2

6cr
I
I

Lrrrect snear sress ln venlcal orrectron

86.6 x 100!

2520

=34.365 N/mm2
22078.77

Maximum shear stress due to twisting moment

xl03

46568480

x192.66

=913.343 N/mm2
The maximum resultant shear act at bottom right comer as shown in Fig. 4.16.

rl{

34.365 N/mm':
91.343 N/mm2
19.841 N/mm2

Figure {.16

113

Welded Connections

=56.15o
qh

19.841

91.343 sin 56. 1 5'

95.701 N/rnm2

Qv=34.365 +gL.343 cos 56.15 =85.245 N/mm2

q

caacity

r---;-..-_-;

195.7012 +85.2452

=128j62N/mm2

"
=L*l=1911
Jl" r.zs .!i r.zs
=

189.37 N/mm2

>

128.164N/mm2

weld is safe.

{.t
ftick bracket plate shown in Fig. 4.17 is connected with the flange of column ISHB 300 @
Itnd the size of the weld to transmit a factored load of 250 kN.

400

--x

Lt4

Design of Steel Structures

Solution:

Let't'be

the throat thickness of the weld required and

be the distance of c.g. of weld from

weld. Then
Area ofthe weld

400 t

=2x18orx9o
leo,

+180 rx 2 =760 t

fr

=42.63mm.

l=.1-9&[n

J-x4003 xr + 180t x 2002 x2 = 19733333t

u' = 12

r, =

$[rEdili-

mma

r,
] r, x I 803 + I 80/ x (90
' Llz

400t x 42.632 +z |

h*hlr

42.q'z1
',_J

A[fl

=25A6T7tmrrf

"'

Irr=

22240070t mma

foqdi.ctdbr

Distance of extreme point of the weld from c.g.

zoo2

'lrlztx

I11Oarx,l

fboqir&

+(tso -42.$)2 =242.63mrn

tang= 2oo
-

180

42.63

=1.4559

;f,,--irl Sress,t
a-shersuerrli
odinairndC

55.51J"

Eccentricity e=120 + 180- 42.63=257.37 mm.

Direct shear stress = n,

rr

=.T9lld
760t

Maximum shear stress due to twisting moment

-'.-T_ Pxex

rmax

1,,

ftfiIl6reldsitr

-328'g5N/mm2
t

ftselds ufrerct

_250x103 x257.37 x242.63

22240070t

futte comtio*llr

.,

701.9s0 ,
N/mm 2

hwelds aeui{

q? + q? +2q1q2cos0
'

.11

rzs.ss)2

\/( t )t
928.656

*1

zo r.gs '12

t )

single md

ddh[

s*!n normal sEcsqn

*,

:zr.ss

70l.eso
x
cos 55.517
t

r ^

f,ccENTRtC
OF WELD
4-18

COlt

showsftetylia

d@

of fillet wdd-n

ive area

offusrU

Welded Connections

oftheweld

115

|
I
=f!,
=1p,
../: t '2s J: t '25
=

189.37 N/mm2

maximum shear to it, we get

t=4.904mm

i-

Size of normal

fillet

' 4'904
0.7

928'656

-fig.37

= 7.005 mm

GOXBINED AXIAL AND SHEAR STRESS

is subjected to axial stresses, compression or tension dueyto axial forse or bending moment
with shear, IS 800-2007 has made the following provisions:
The equivalent stresslf, shall satisfu the following:

7:,;,q'=*,
fr-axial

g-

stress, direct or due to bending.

shear stress due to shear force or tension.

frr combination of

stresses need not be done for:

fillet welds joining cover plates and flange plates, and

fiilet welds where sum of normal and shear stresses does not exceed

iffilltl f,ide
,tffirfi

y*,

$,
V3

Tmw

Sdds
for the combination of stresses in butt weld need not be carried out provided that

iw
rlffi,tr

hrtt welds are axially loaded.

in single and double bevel welds the sum of normal and shear stresses does not exceed the design normal stress, and the shear stress does not exceed 50 per cent ofthe design
shear stress.

ECCENTRIC CONNECTION-MOMENT AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE PLANE

OF WELD

rc

4.18 shows the typical case in which P is the factored load at an eccentrici ty ' e' . Let h be the efdpth of fillet weld. Fillet welding is on both sides of bracket plate. Hence if throat thickness is
"t&ctive area of the weld=2ht.
ime

116

Design of Steel Structures

lhb.

rfll

T
I

Hlo{,
hEEdI[I

I
I

Ilturhil
lt

dadd
t:Q?r

, - throat thickness

drddrl, =J
t

Figure 4.18

Deprh*ufl(

Then,

Epremmn*
direct shear stress q =

380 rrrm

firr the strelis:

bending stress at the extreme edge of the weld

=Z=
r^MP.e

6Pe

lp,4

ileasuess .r - --

lx

2th2

=-=_

Equivalent stress

f"=0,

*3q,

and

hence

= i5i.7{

=i;

For the pqpose of finding the effective depth h required, first depth required for bending only may
found. To take care ofshear also, increase this value by about 10 percent i.e.,

1,

f-au
\2t f*a

try, h = I .l h' .

design is safe.

-t.10

bracketiscm
Theia

y carried.

tt7

Welded Connections

fillet weld forthe bracket shown in Fig. 4.18, ifworking loadP=100 klri and eccentricThickness of the bracketplate is 12 mm and the column,used is ISLIB 300
@61g Nim.

[m kN

Factoredload, P= 100x1.5 = l50kN

offlange of ISHB 300 @ 618 N/m is 10.6 mm.

;,

Minimum size of weld= 5 mm.

weld on each side of hracket plate.

t=0.7 x 8 mm.
or wetd,f.,l =

-:-

* "*

# *

18e.37 N/mm2.

Depth of weld required to resist bending alorte = h' =

6x150x103 x150

2x0.7x8x189.37

= 252.3 rnm

I0 per cent extra depth is to be provided.

280mm.
for the stresses:
searstress

stress

150 x 103
n=
' - 2x0.7 x8x280 = 47.83 N/mm2
' 2xrxh

M5M
-_=_=
z 2txh"

6x150x103 x150

2x0.7 x}x28A2

= 153.744N/mrn2
-f2'

153.7442

3q2

17

+3x47.832

4.6N/mm2 < 1}g.3i N/mm2

design is safe.

4.10
bracket is connected to a column by welds as shown in Fig. 4. 19. Determine the load which
5 mm while the size of flange weld is 10 mm. Assume

y carried. The size of the web weld is

Design of Steel Structures

118

llr

l',

l
'ilo

:|:,!ar,

ffi

tr'

t.

l,

,l',
tl

All dim'ensions in

:.

mm

'"

Hu*:

'.

rffiinehdf

,-,

Solution:

\
\

Assuming norrnal fillet welds,

throat thickness of flange welds = 0.7

10

=7 mm

rethe

throat thickness of web welds = 0.7 x 5 = 3'5 mm

Total throat area

1,, = 1{,5x7 x2il02

.r,

ofweld -165 r

: +,Lx3.5x

x 2 +250 x 3.5 x 2 = 4060

in kN
Bending moment to be transferred is = P x250 kN-mm, if P is factored load
P x 2.50 )( l0t!0 N-inir'

Buweld

rntn2-

250r >' 2 =181514583 rlnra

a&49:

*etch the

h&r

GrG

FiIIet weld

Slotweld
Plugweld

lf mmftickphtr
id if
(r) SingleUhfircl
F)

Double Uhfird
ign a suitabh hEl

reitapulleqnlot
Consider flange weld which is subjected to maximum stress

f'x1000
0.. = ___ __.-

"

-.,

N,,i11111-

4A6C

= 0.2463]' N/mm2

Arie member of arod

rifrer side of 12 m I
Ihsignthe welded c

Ibo plates 180 rnm li

&ignthe connectil"

119

Welded Connections

250 x"-"-'
1000P
x200
a,-=--tft

1015 t 4583

.:.

= 0.49254 P N/mm"

q=

itto design.tr*r

+ 0.492542 = 0.5507 P

+q?

#t*,

we get 0.5s07 =

#t*

P = 286.57 kN

5r-for field welds = 1.5]

i-

Workingloadthatcanbepermitted

is,W: l j =

286.57
l

191.04kN

Answer

Questions

*k

are the advantages and disadvantages of welded connections?

fi{cdy sketch the following welded connections:

{r)

Butt weld (groove weld)

srngle Y, double

Il

(b) Fillet weld

(c) Slot weld

(Q Plug weld.
Trro 1 2 mm thick plates

djoint

are j

oined by I 60 mm long (effective) butt weld. Detennine the strength

if

(a) Single U butt weld is used.

(b) Double U butt weld is used.
Ihsign a suitable longitudinal fillet weld to connect 120 x 8 mm plate to 150 x 10 mm plateto
tmsmit a pull equal to the full strength of small plate. Assume welding is to be made in the field.
S" Atie member of a roof truss consists of 2 ISA 9060, l0 mm. The angles are connected on the
ei&er side of 12 mm gusset plate and the member is subjected to a factored pull of 350 ki.l.
ffi"

Design the welded connection. Assume welding is to be made in the workshop.

Two plates 180 mm wide and 8 mm thick are to be connected by welding, using shop welds,
&sign the connection.

t20

Design of Steel Structures

7. A bracket plate is welded to the flange of a column section

ISHB 300 @ 577 Nlm

Fig. 4.14. If width of weld is 200 mm, depth 260 mm and eccentricity from the face
is 80 mm, determine the size of the weld to support a factored load of 165 kN.
8. Design a suitable fillet weld for the bracket shown in Fig. 4.18, if it has to transfer a
load of 200 kN at an eccentricity of 160 mm. Use shop fillet welds.
9. Design a column bracket shown in Fig. 4.20 to take a load of 160 kN at an
200 mm. The size of the web welds should be half the size of the flange welds.

ISI{B

IG

tub
&r

hgr

su
-t-

@) 710 N/m

{
h

Figure 4.20