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  • Differences Between Shunt Reactor and Power Transformer - EEP

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    There are three main differences between a shunt reactor and power transformer. While a power transformer is designed for efficient power transfer between voltage systems, a shunt reactor is intended only to consume reactive power. A power transformer has multiple windings and magnetic core to transfer power via mutual flux, whereas a shunt reactor only has one winding and core to increase inductance. The magnetizing current of a shunt reactor is its rated current, unlike a power transformer where magnetizing current is small compared to secondary rated current.

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    There are three main differences between a shunt reactor and power transformer. While a power transformer is designed for efficient power transfer between voltage systems, a shunt reactor is intended only to consume reactive power. A power transformer has multiple windings and magnetic core to transfer power via mutual flux, whereas a shunt reactor only has one winding and core to increase inductance. The magnetizing current of a shunt reactor is its rated current, unlike a power transformer where magnetizing current is small compared to secondary rated current.

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    269 views5 pages

    Differences Between Shunt Reactor and Power Transformer - EEP

    Uploaded by

    catalincc
    There are three main differences between a shunt reactor and power transformer. While a power transformer is designed for efficient power transfer between voltage systems, a shunt reactor is intended only to consume reactive power. A power transformer has multiple windings and magnetic core to transfer power via mutual flux, whereas a shunt reactor only has one winding and core to increase inductance. The magnetizing current of a shunt reactor is its rated current, unlike a power transformer where magnetizing current is small compared to secondary rated current.

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    DifferencesbetweenShuntReactorandPower

    Transformer

    DifferencesbetweenShuntReactorandPowerTransformer

    MainDifferences
    ShuntReactorandTransformerbothappearsimilarinconstruction.Reactorsarealsooften
    equippedwithFansforcoolingsimilartoPowerTransformers.
    However,therearemajordifferencesbetweenthetwo.WhileaPowerTransformerisdesignedfor
    efficientpowertransferfromonevoltagesystemtoanother,ashuntreactorisintendedonlyto
    consumereactiveVArs(orinotherwordsitcanbestatedastoproducelaggingVArs).
    Thus,therearemorethanonewindingonaPowerTransformerwithmagneticcorewhichcarry
    themutualfluxbetweenthetwo.Inreactorthereisjustonewinding.Thecoreisnottherefore
    meantonlytoprovidealowreluctancepathforfluxofthatwindingtoincreasetheInductance.
    IncaseofaPowerTransformer,primaryAmpereTurns(AT)issumofexcitingATandsecondary
    AT.ATloss(inwindingresistance,eddylossandhystericloss)iskepttoasminimumaspossible.
    ExcitingATissmallcomparedwiththesecondaryAT.Ratedcurrentisbasedontheloadtransfer
    requirement.

    Magnetizingcurrentissmallandisnegligiblevaluewhencompared
    withthesecondaryratedcurrent.Further,sincemutualfluxismain
    fluxwhichresultsintransformation,leakagefluxiskeptsmallandwill
    bebasedonfaultcurrentlimitation.

    Detailedviewofanironcore
    dividedbyairgaps

    IncaseofaShuntReactorduetoabsenceofotherwindings,all
    primaryATisequaltotheexcitingAT.SimilartoaPower
    Transformer,lossinAT(inwindingresistance,eddycurrentand
    hysteresis)arealsokepttominimumbydesign.MagnetizingATis
    majorcomponentofaShuntReactor.Reactormagnetizingcurrentis
    itsratedcurrent.

    SinceaShuntReactormagnetizingcurrentislarge,ifitisdesignedwithIronaloneasaPower
    Transformer,therewillbelargehysteresisloss.AirgapsinIroncoreareprovidedinaShunt
    Reactortoreducethislossandtominimizetheremanentfluxinthecore.
    ThusaShuntReactormayalsobeconstructedwithoutiron(aircore).

    Byconstruction,aShuntReactorcanbeoilimmersedordrytypeforbothwithand
    withoutironcore.

    DrytypeReactorsareconstructedassinglephaseunitsandarethusarrangedinafashionto
    minimizestraymagneticfieldonsurrounding(intheabsenceofmetallicshielding).Whensuchan
    arrangementisdifficult,someformofmagneticshieldingisrequiredanddesignedwithcareto
    minimizeeddycurrentlossandarcingatanyjointswithinthemetallicloops.Oneoftheadvantages
    ofdrytypereactorisabsenceofinrushcurrent.
    Oilimmersedreactorscanbecorelessorwithgappedironcore.Theseareeithersinglephase
    orthreephasedesignwithorwithoutfancooling.Theseareinstalledwithintankswhichholdoil&
    actasmetallicmagneticshields.
    Insomecases,aShuntReactormayhaveadditionalsmallcapacitywindingwhichcanprovide
    powerforsmallstationpowerloads.SinceShuntReactorratingisnormallybasedonMVArrating,
    thisaddedstationloadVAshallbeaccountedforindesigningtheReactorforsuchapplications.

    Typesofshuntreactors

    Shuntreactorsareusedinhighvoltagesystemstocompensateforthecapacitivegenerationof
    longoverheadlinesorextendedcablenetworks.

    Thereasonsforusingshuntreactorsaremainlytwo
    Thefirstreasonistolimittheovervoltagesandthesecondreasonistolimitthetransferofreactive
    powerinthenetwork.Ifthereactivepowertransferisminimizedi.e.thereactivepoweris
    balancedinthedifferentpartofthenetworks,ahigherlevelofactivepowercanbetransferredin
    thenetwork.

    Reactorstolimitovervoltagesaremostneededinweakpowersystems,i.e.when
    networkshortcircuitpowerisrelativelylow.

    Voltageincreaseinasystemduetothecapacitivegenerationis:

    U(%)=QCx100/Ssh.c
    where:
    Qcisthecapacitiveinputofreactivepowertothenetwork
    Ssh.cistheshortcircuitpowerofthenetwork
    Withincreasingshortcircuitpowerofthenetworkthevoltageincreasewillbelowerandtheneed
    ofcompensationtolimitovervoltageswillbelessaccentuated.
    Reactorstoachievereactivepowerbalanceinthedifferentpartofthenetworkaremostneededin
    heavyloadednetworkswherenewlinescannotbebuiltbecauseofenvironmental
    reasons.Reactorsforthispurposemostlyarethyristorcontrolledinordertoadaptfasttothe
    reactivepowerrequired.
    Especiallyinindustrialareaswitharcfurnacesthereactivepowerdemandisuctuatingbetween
    eachhalfcycle.

    Insuchapplicationsthereareusuallycombinationsof:
    1. Thyristorcontrolledreactors(TCR)and
    2. Thyristorswitchedcapacitorbanks(TSC).

    Thesetogethermakesitpossibletobothabsorb,andgeneratereactivepoweraccordingtothe
    momentarydemand.
    Fourlegreactorsalsocanbeusedforextinctionofthesecondaryareatsinglephasereclosingin
    longtransmissionlines.Sincetherealwaysisacapacitivecouplingbetweenphases,this
    capacitancewillgiveacurrentkeepingtheareburning,asecondaryarc.
    Byaddingonesinglephasereactorintheneutralthesecondaryarccanbeextinguishedandthe
    singlephaseautoreclosingsuccessful.

    Resource:ShuntReactorsandShuntReactorProtectionS.R.JavedAhmed

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