Task 2 Final Report PDF

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP
PROJECT IN SOUTH AFRICA
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South Africa, North Cape Region,

BOKPOORT
TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A

CSP PROJECT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Task 2
Owner Technical Specification Revision and
Plant Configuration Study
Final Report
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DOCUMENT REVIEW
Review
Date
Changes
13/12/2010
Document Creation
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CONTENTS
1
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 5
DNI ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 6

2.1 Available data ................................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Satellite derived data analysis ............................................................... 8
2.2 Alternative sources of data.............................................................................. 9
2.2.1 Analysis of alternative sources of data ................................................ 13
2.3 Generation of PoE scenarios for annual hourly DNI data sets ....................... 14
PLANT CONFIGURATION DESIGN .................................................................... 16

3.1 General Design Parameters .......................................................................... 16
3.2 Power block design ....................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 Steam cycle considerations ................................................................. 17
3.2.2 Different cooling alternatives considered ............................................. 19
3.3 Solar field design .......................................................................................... 25
3.3.1 Main equipment consideration............................................................. 25
3.3.2 Solar field configuration ....................................................................... 25
3.3.3 Solar field alternatives studied............................................................. 26
3.4 Performance models ..................................................................................... 27
3.4.1 Solar radiation ..................................................................................... 27
3.4.2 Solar Field ........................................................................................... 28
3.4.3 Power Plant availability ....................................................................... 30
3.4.4 Configuration of power block ............................................................... 30
3.4.5 Needs of conventional fuel sources ..................................................... 30
3.4.6 Energy losses ..................................................................................... 32
3.4.7 Auxiliary consumptions........................................................................ 32
3.5 Water Consumption Model............................................................................ 33
3.5.1 Cooling system water necessities ....................................................... 33
3.5.2 Washing mirrors water ........................................................................ 34
3.5.3 Blowdowns water replacement ............................................................ 34
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3.5.4 Auxiliary cooling circuit's replacement ................................................. 34

3.5.5 Services water..................................................................................... 34
3.5.6 Potable water ...................................................................................... 35
3.5.7 Fire Protection System Water.............................................................. 35
4
POWER PLANT CALCULATIONS....................................................................... 36

4.1 Power Block .................................................................................................. 36
4.1.1 Heat and mass balances ..................................................................... 36
4.1.2 Power block efficiencies ...................................................................... 36
4.1.3 Water Balances ................................................................................... 39
4.2 Comparative Solar Advisor Model / Propietary Model ................................... 39
4.3 Performance results ...................................................................................... 40
4.3.1 Option 1: LFO used only for anti-freezing and gland steam generation 41
4.3.2 Option 2: LFO firing up to 15%. ........................................................... 51
POWER PLANT OPTIMIZATION ........................................................................ 61

5.1 Methodology ................................................................................................. 61
5.2 Assessment CAPEX & OPEX ....................................................................... 61
5.3 LCOE ............................................................................................................ 63
5.4 Best configuration ......................................................................................... 64
5.4.1 Detailed results ................................................................................... 64
5.5 Radiation scenarios ...................................................................................... 71
ANNEX 1: WATER BALANCES .................................................................................. 77

ANNEX 2: CAPEX ...................................................................................................... 78
ANNEX 3: OPEX ........................................................................................................ 79
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1 OVERVIEW
The main objective of this report it is to show the results of the CSP power plant sizing
that, ACWA Power is developing in Bokpoort, North Cape Region in South Africa.
This report covers all topics included in Task 2 of the contract for Technical Adviser for
a CSP project in South Africa, celebrated among ACWA Power and SOLIDA. Namely,
those topics can be summarized as follows:
1. Assessment of yearly DNI PoE scenarios for the plant site, located in
Bokpoort, South Africa. Yearly time series must be derived by SOLIDA based
on the available data and following their best criteria. As pointed out by ACWA
Power, it is better at this stage to play a conservative approach in this regard
and make sure that the DNI values utilized are not higher than those confirmed
once the actual year-round time series are available from the meteo station.
2. Assessment of yearly LFO usage. It is not yet clear the approach to be
followed by the South African government regarding maximum yearly
consumption of fossil fuels in CSP plants under the REFIT scheme. In addition
to that, LFO costs at the plant site are very high. For those reasons, ACWA
Power has indicated that it is necessary to evaluate two different alternatives:
Option 1: LFO usage only for anti-freezing labors and gland steam
generation, in order to minimize LFO consumption.
Option 2: LFO usage to enhance the yearly output, using auxiliary LFO
heaters.
3. Assessment of different cooling options in plant performance. It is not yet
clear what will be the outcome of the water concession permitting for the CSP
plant in Bokpoort. All options, going from wet cooling tower to air cooled
condenser, are considered and compared in this report.
The report is structured so that the different topics are covered in chronological order,
i.e. the order in which SOLIDA has confronted each of them. The starting point is the
DNI assessment, where thorough explanations are given regarding the available data
and the PoE scenarios derived by SOLIDA. After that, different plant configuration
alternatives are assessed, all of them based on the power cycle of 84 MW gross that
has been derived from the 55 MW gross SST 700 turbine by SIEMENS. Different
cooling configurations are contemplated and nameplate and part load heat and mass
balances are presented. Utilizing the plant performances derived for each
configuration, SOLIDA has analyzed the effect of different solar field sizes in yearly
output and water consumptions. Finally, the report concludes with an assessment of
CAPEX and OPEX figures for each plant configuration considered and a LCOE
analysis of each configuration based on standard financial parameters.
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DNI ASSESSMENT
2.1
Available data
SOLIDA has had access to the following sources of data concerning solar resource
evaluation at the site:
-
Satellite derived data:

o NASA Data Base: Monthly values of global horizontal radiation (Ghi) and
normal direct radiation (DNI).
Daily average radiation (kWh/m2)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
DNI (KWh/m2) NASA
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Ghi(KWh/m2) NASA
The representative daily average values for each month of the typical
year are shown in section 2.2 of this document. The resulting annual value of
DNI for this set of data is 2.733,21 kWh/m2.
o NREL Data Base: Monthly values of global horizontal radiation (Ghi) and
normal direct radiation (DNI).
Daily average radiation (kWh/m2)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
DNI (KWh/m2) NREL
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Ghi(KWh/m2) NREL
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o HELIOCLIM3 Data Base: Monthly and hourly values of global horizontal

radiation (Ghi) and normal direct radiation (DNI).
Hourly data from a measuring station located on the site (lat 28.738S, long
21.972E).
From May the 28th to July, the ground station located on the site was measuring
global horizontal radiation (Ghi) and diffused irradiation (Di) with two separate
sensors (two CMP 6 pyranometers, one of them with a shadow band installed).
During the first days of August, the measuring station was updated and the
shadow band was replaced by a Kip&Zonen Solys 2 tracker and CHP 1
pyrheliometer, and from then onwards the DNI has been directly measured.
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The table below shows the DNI monthly values measured at the site:
2.1.1
Month
DNI (KWh/m2)
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
226,47
185,27
234,30
234,30
245,37
289,47
Satellite derived data analysis
Performing a simple analysis of the available data during the measured period it seems
obvious that the different sources of available data correlate rather differently with the
actually measured data.
Monthly radiation (kWh/m2)

350,00
300,00
250,00
200,00
150,00
100,00
50,00
0,00
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
DNI (KWh/m2) NREL
DNI (KWh/m2) NASA
DNI (KWh/m2) HC3
DNI (KWh/m2) MEASURED
Nov
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DNI average daily values (kWh/m2)

10
9,65
9,11
8,38
8
7,81
7,7
7,43
7,56
7,49
7,55
7,10
6,89
6,71
6,68
6,76
6,38
6,23
7,92
7,72
7,42
5,98
5,90
DNI (KWh/m2) NREL

DNI (KWh/m2) NASA
5,10
DNI (KWh/m2) HC3

DNI (KWh/m2) MEASURED
4,20
4
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
As it is show in the previous graphics, the measured data trend is very similar to
NASA/NREL data. At first sight, it my be concluded that if the current trend continues
for the rest of the year, the expected values of annual DNI may well be above 2800
kWh/m2.
On the other hand, Helioclim3 data looks very conservative, providing an annual DNI
value of around 2200 kWh/m2, more than 20% below the other satellite sources of data.
SOLIDA has decided to discard this set of data f as input for our analysis, since the
deviation range for Helioclim is too high and there are other sources of data which
seem to correlate much better with the measured data.
SOLIDA has already established contact with the Helioclim-3 support services (SoDa)
in order to solve this problem by sharing with them the ground-measured data, so that
the parameters of satellite estimation can be fine-tuned against actually measured data
at the location. Our preliminary conclusion is that their algorithim may be using a Linke
turbidity factor which is too high for this location, thereby underestimating severely the
higher values of DNI which mostly occur around noon. This underestimation yields a
very conservative yearly sum of DNI. If our preliminary conclusion is correct, correcting
this artificial should be very easy by comparing the satellite derived data with the
actually measured data.
2.2
Alternative sources of data
Solar radiation is a fundamental input of a solar thermoelectric power plant production

estimation model, as these values are exclusively linked to the chosen site, thus
allowing discerning the suitability of it.
For this reason, as a starting point of the Technical Advisory, SOLIDA has obtained
alternatives series of radiation data on the site, which are coherent and which correlate
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satisfactorily with the actually measured data. Although alternative sources of data
have been produced, our recommendation is that the problem be fixed and that a
consistent, long term series of DNI data is obtained for this site. Otherwise, bankability
of this site may be compromised.
Through a combination of the NASA database and the Meteonorm tool, SOLIDA has
derived a DNI series of data which correlates reasonably with themeasured data. A
description of Meteonorm tool/database and NASA database is provided below.
METEONORM
Meteonorm is a comprehensive climatological database for solar energy applications. It

has a broad base of meteorological stations through which provides hourly radiation
data.
The generation of hourly values is based on the model of Aguiar and Collares-Pereira
(1992) (TAGmodel: Time dependent, Autoregressive, Gaussian model). This model
consists of two parts: the first part calculates an average daily profile; the second part
simulates the intermittent hourly variations by superimposing an autoregressive
procedure of the first order (AR(1)-procedure) (Box etal., 1994).
In the used version, Meteonorm 6.1, satellite data is used for radiation interpolation in
remote areas. Where no radiation measurement is nearer than 300 km satellite
information is used. If the nearest site is more than 50 km away, a mixture of ground
and satellite information is used.
For the selected site, Bokpoort, Meteonorm provides hourly values radiation through
the interpolation between three weather stations near the power plant and satellite
information.
Therefore Meteonorm used sources for obtaining radiation data on the selected site are
the following:
-
Upington, situated 77 km from the site (In that station temperature data has
been measured from 1961 to 2005 and radiation data from 1961 to 1970)
Kimberley situated 273 km from the site. (In that station temperature data has
been measured from 1961 to 2005 and radiation data from 1961 to 1970)
Springbok, situated 412 km from the site. (In that station temperature data has
been measured from 1950 to 1990; no measured global radiation is available so
that radiation is interpolated)
Satellite information
The obtained annual value of DNI is 2.818,35 kWh/m2.

For these values, Meteonorm gives an hourly radiation sequence that represents a full
year. It is a Type Meteorological Year (TMY), i.e. a Probability of Exceedance 50
(PoE50). It is included in the attached file Radiation Series, tab 1 Meteonorm radiation
data.
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Meteonorm does not provide maximum and minimum values, which prevent the
generation of the PoE15 and the PoE85 scenarios.
NASA
NASA, through its' Science Mission Directorate, has long supported satellite systems
and research providing data important to the study of climate and climate processes.
These data include long-term estimates of meteorological quantities and surface solar
energy fluxes. Release 6.0 extends the temporal coverage of the solar and
meteorological data from 10 years to more than 22 years (e.g. July 1983 through June
2005).
The radiation data provided by the NASA belongs to a period of 22 years, with the
following values:
-
Monthly averaged
(kWh/m2/day).
Minimum and Maximum difference from monthly averaged global insolation (%).
Monthly averaged
(kWh/m2/day)
Minimum and Maximum values from monthly averaged diffuse insolation

(kWh/m2/day).
Monthly averaged Direct Normal Radiation (kWh/m2/day)
Minimum and Maximum difference from monthly averaged Direct Normal

Radiation insolation (%).
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
global
diffuse
insolation
radiation
incident
incident
on
on
horizontal
horizontal
surface
surface
Global radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Average
Minimun
Maximun
7,93
7,45
8,56
6,96
6,19
7,73
5,95
5,36
6,55
4,80
3,98
5,52
4,03
3,51
4,47
3,63
3,09
3,99
3,89
3,38
4,16
4,82
4,15
5,16
5,78
5,20
6,30
6,78
6,10
7,32
7,66
6,89
8,50
8,21
8,95
8,95
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Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Diffuse radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Average
Minimun
Maximun
2,00
1.68
2.19
1,91
1.57
2.17
1,59
1.33
1.80
1,21
0.87
1.47
0,84
0.61
1.05
0,69
0.48
0.91
0,72
0.58
0.93
0,87
0.68
1.17
1,28
1.00
1.51
1,68
1.42
1.93
1,93
1.51
2.23
1,99
1.62
2.32
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Direct Normal radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Average
Minimun
Maximun
8,63
8,46
9,23
7,49
6,89
8,24
6,88
6,40
7,43
6,41
5,58
7,18
6,56
6,04
7,02
6,59
5,93
6,92
6,84
6,09
6,91
7,44
6,55
7,51
7,39
6,95
7,83
7,69
7,15
8,07
8,36
7,86
9,11
9,03
8,40
9,57
As it is described above Meteonorm is able of generate hourly radiation values using

the model of Aguiar and Collares-Pereira (1992). Using this option SOLIDA has
obtained the TMY (hourly values) also named PoE50. It is included in the attached file
Radiation Series, tab 2 NASA P50.
The annual value of DNI for this year is 2.654,12 kWh/m2.
Comparing this value with the one provided by NASA (2.733,21 kWh/m 2) the error
obtained is lower than the 3%, and it is considered totally acceptable.
Using maximum and minimum monthly values SOLIDA has obtained also PoE15 year
and PoE85 year. All these hourly data years are listed in the attached file Radiation
Series, tab 3 and 4 NASA P15 and NASA P85.
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2.2.1
Analysis of alternative sources of data
In order to find out which of the hourly radiation series available better represents the
actually measured data, SOLIDA has calculated the coefficient of determination (R2).
The coefficient of determination is a statistical method that explains how much of the
variability of a factor can be caused or explained by its relationship to another factor.
Used in trend analysis, it is computed as a value between 0 (0 percent) and 1 (100
percent) higher the value, better the fit. Symbolized by 'R2' because it is square of
'Pearsons coefficient of correlation' symbolized by 'r', it is an important tool in
determining the degree of linear-correlation of variables in regression analysis.
June
July
August
September
October
Coefficient of determination R2
Meteonorm data
Nasa data
0,88
0,85
0,76
0,66
0,88
0,85
0,69
0,52
0,63
0,59
The table above shows the coefficient of determination between satellite derived data
and ground station measured data. It is important to note the following issues:
1. September seems to have been a rather irregular month as measured by the
meteo station.
2. In theory, running correlations between actually measured data and averaged
data (which is what both Meteonorm and NASA provide) can never yield high
correlations as they are representing somewhat different phenomena.
3. Until we have final correlations among valid satellite derived data and actually
measured data we are not in a position to make strong assessments about DNI
values.
4. In any case, different sources of data seem to indicate high values of DNI at the
selected location, all of them in the vicinity of 2.700 kWh/m2year or above.
5. Although the Meteonorm data seem to correlate better than the NASA data,
SOLIDA has decided to run our analysis of performance based on the NASA
data due to the following reasons:
a. NASA data offer a somewhat conservative approach while being
credible and showing strong positive correlation, which is a valuable
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asset at this stage, due to the uncertainty of the different sources of data
and the short period for which actual measurements are available.
b. NASA data offer average daily DNI data as well as actually registered
maximum and minimum data, which are key for estimating standard
deviation of the monthly series and therefore inferring Probability of
Exceedance scenarios.
2.3
Generation of PoE scenarios for annual hourly DNI data sets
As previously mentioned in this report, PoE scenarios can be derived for a sample of
data for which sample size, average, maximum and minimum values are known. In the
case of NASA data set, as shown in section 2.2, all those data are available. The
procedure followed to derive PoE scenarios using the available data is described below
and the results are attached to this report as an annex.
The methodology is based on the assumption that DNI values follow a normal
distribution. There is a statistical relationship (Patnaik, 1946) between the mean range
for data from a normal distribution and , the standard deviation of that distribution.
This relationship depends only on the sample size, n. The mean of R is d2 , where
the value of d2 is also a function of n. An estimator of is therefore R /d2.
Where:
s: Standard deviation
R: range of maximum and minimum values
d2: Factor to calculate the standard deviation from the sample size.
Sample size (n)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
d2 1,128 1,693 2,059 2,326 2,534 2,704 2,847 2,97
10
15
20
24
25
3,078 3,472 3,375 3,895 3,931
In our case, n = 22 and therefore d2 = 3,635.

For every month we can calculate R values and therefore estimate s. With average and
standard deviation, probability of exceedance can be calculated, using the error
function (erf) and classical statistic theory. About 68% of values drawn from a normal
distribution are within one standard deviation away from the mean; about 95% of the
values lie within two standard deviations; and about 99.7% are within three standard
deviations. This fact is known as the 68-95-99.7 rule, or the empirical rule, or the 3sigma rule.
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For simplicity purposes, we have chosen the following PoEs:
p85
which corresponds to 1
p15
which corresponds to + 1
The corresponding values of daily DNI are calculated (shown in table below) and used
as input to Meteonorm software, which in turn derives the corresponding hourly series
of data. The complete p15 and p85 series of data are attached as annexes 3 and 4 to
this report.
Monthly Averaged Direct Normal Irradiation (kWh/m2 m)

Jan
P15
P50
P85
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
274,15 220,11 222,08 205,53 211,75 205,86 219,04 238,89 229,02 246,26 261,15 289,94
267,53 209,72 213,28 192,30 203,36 197,70 212,04 230,64 221,70 238,39 250,80 279,93
260,91 199,33 204,48 179,07 194,97 189,54 205,04 222,39 214,38 230,52 240,45 269,92
The tables below show the correlation of the different series of data generated against
the ground station measured data.
Coefficient of determination R2
June
July
August
September
October
DNI
(kWh/m2)
SITE
METEONORM
0.88
0.76
0.88
0.69
0.63
2818.35
SITE
SITE
SITE
METEO_NASA_P15 METEONORM_NASA_P50 METEO_NASA_P85
0.90
0.85
0.87
0.80
0.66
0.70
0.88
0.85
0.83
0.59
0.52
0.55
0.56
0.59
0.54
2733.173
2654.12
2568.78
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PLANT CONFIGURATION DESIGN
3.1
General Design Parameters
The following parameters and concepts have been considered when designing the
layout for the CSP Solafrica project.
Minimize the occupied land area.
Avoid potential impacts in:

-
Roads
Railways
Hydrological channels
Environmental protected areas
Avoid the occupation of abrupt areas of the land farm in order to minimize the
earth movement.
The slope of the site is an important factor to be taken into account. Based on
this point, the solar field could be designed in one or several terraces.
Situation of the electrical infrastructure of the power plant respect to the

evacuation substation. The location of the BOP and especially the main
transformer and overhead line route should be defined based on this criterion.
Situation of the water supply source (when wet or hybrid cooling system is
used). The location of the raw water supply and effluent disposal system into
the BOP should be defined based on this criterion.
Availability of access roads. The situation of the main access to the power plant
and solar fields should be defined based on this criterion.
Separation distances required between solar sub-fields, which are required for
laying out the heat transfer fluid pipes and the thermal expansion lyres.
It is necessary to maintain the highest possible degree of symmetry between

solar sub-fields in order to optimize the power plant performance reducing the
pressure drop and parasitic losses.
The possibility of a future thermal energy storage (TES) system with molten salt
is a very important point to design solar field lay-out. In this regard, SOLIDA has
provided two alternative layouts. The final selection should depend on the
likelihood to expand the solar field and install the TES system.
The row-to-row spacing is optimized to minimize piping costs and row-to-row

shadowing.
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3.2
Power block design
3.2.1
Steam cycle considerations
SOLIDA has utilized THERMOFLEX software to evaluate the steam power cycle
efficiency.
THERMOFLEX is a modular program with a graphical interface that allows assembling
a model from icons representing different components. The program covers both
design and off-design simulation, modeling all types of commercial power plants.
The 55 MW SST 700 Siemens steam turbine has been used as an input to derive the
84 MW gross power output cycle that has served as the basis for the present study.
This steam turbine is a tandem-compound reheat condensing unit, with high

speed/high pressure section connected by a speed reduction gear to a single-flowsingle-casing low pressure reheat section.
The turbine has two rotors (high and low pressure) connected to each other through
the speed reduction gear and to the generator rotor with a solid bolted coupling. The
rotors are supported by journal bearings and located axially by thrust bearings.
The steam is admitted to the HP turbine via an emergency stop valve and a control
valve.
SST-700 General Parameters:
a. Admission conditions HP-module
Admission pressure
Rated 105.0 bara/ 1522.9 psia
Normal 105.0 bara/ 1522.9 psia
Admission temperature
Rated 390.0 C/ 734.0 F
Normal 380.0 C/ 716.0 F
b. Admission conditions LP-module
Admission pressure
Rated 19.0 bara/ 275.6 psia
Admission temperature
Rated 390.0 C/ 734.0 F
Normal 380.0 C/ 716.0 F
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c. Exhaust conditions, HP-module
Exhaust (back pressure) pressure

Alarm high 21.7 bara/ 314.7 psia
Trip high 22.8 bara/ 330.7 psia
Exhaust temperature
Normal 214.0 C/ 417.2 F
Alarm high (max 1 h operation) 250.0 C/ 482.0 F
Automatic shutdown 360.0 C/ 680.0 F
d. Exhaust conditions, LP-module
Exhaust (condenser) pressure

Normal 0.066 bara/ 0.96 psia/ 1.9 "HgA
Alarm high 0.16 bara/ 2.3 psia/ 4.7 "HgA
Trip high 0.23 bara/ 3.3 psia/ 6.8 "HgA
Exhaust temperature at blade row L-1

Normal 57.0 C/ 134.6 F
Alarm high (max 1.0 h operation) 180.0 C/ 356.0 F
Exhaust temperature at blade row L-0

Normal 34.0 C/ 93.2 F
Alarm high (max 1.0 h operation) 85.0 C/ 185.0 F
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Curve 1: Rated temperature HP-turbine inlet (390C)

Curve 2: Rated pressure HP-turbine inlet (105 bara)
Curve 3: HP-turbine exhaust moisture limitation (VWO)
Curve 4: HP start-up limit (50C) superheat
Curve 5: HP start-up limit low boiler pressure (35 bara)
Curve 6: Rated temperature LP-turbine inlet (390C)
Curve 7: Rated pressure LP-turbine inlet (19 bara)
Curve 8: LP-turbine exhaust moisture limitation (VWO)
Curve 9: LP start-up limit (50C) superheat
Curve 10: LP low inlet temperature (200C)
3.2.2
Different cooling alternatives considered
In the course of this task, SOLIDA has considered the following cooling options based
on ACWA Power requirements:
Wet Cooling Tower
Air Cooled Condenser
Hybrid Cooling Tower
Combine Wet Cooling Tower with Air Cooled Refrigerants
WET COOLING TOWER

This cooling system is based on the use of evaporative cooling tower, induced draft
and countercurrent flow.
This cooling tower can be defined as a heat exchanger evaporative and direct contact.
Its operation is based on cooling water when it evaporates a small quantity it is sprayed
into the air.
The induced draft provides a control over the flow of air supplied, which allows to
control the output water temperature. This cooling tower has a fan located in the
discharge of air. It is responsible for creating the induced draft and evacuating the air
flowing through the tower to prevent the recirculation of discharged air.
The countercurrent flow indicates that the air moves vertically through the fill, so that
the water flow and air have the same direction but opposite sense. The advantage of
this type of tower is that colder water is brought into contact with drier air, getting
maximum performance.
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The air can enter through one or more sides of the tower, it is achieved reducing the
height of air inlet.
In this type of tower, the hot water from the condenser enters the upper part of the
tower and it is sprayed on the filler material of the tower, coming into contact with the
air that rises through the tower. This causes a portion of the water evaporates and the
other is driven by the air induced. The cooling capacity of the tower is directly
proportional to the surface and to the air-water contact time.
The cooled water is collected in a collect located at the base of the tower from where
this water is sent to the condenser. The control system can automatically control the
cooling water temperature by regulating the ventilation.
The basin of cooled water must have the necessary accessories to measure the
excess effluent, based on which we calculate the concentration of chemicals dosed in
the cooling system.
A water supply line arrives from the chemical dosing system of tower. The chemical
dosing system incorporates additives continuously or periodically to remove the
encrustations of dissolved salts, inhibit the corrosion and prevent the deposit formation
and the proliferation of organic matter. The losses occurring in the cooling water circuit,
due to the evaporation, the blowdown and the drag in the cooling tower are replaced
with the water through a supply line.
Therefore, the cooling tower has two different parts: the cooling zone and the basin
water.
Countercurrent flow and induced draft tower (Source: GEA)
The main advantages are:
Proven technology, there are numerous references in the market with good
operating results.
High capacities and it can provide service to large plants.

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Allow great flexibility in its operation and it can work at more or less capacity
depending on the specific requirements of the plant
The wet cooling towers are able to work with low condensate temperatures
achieving higher cycle efficiency than other cooling technologies.
It is the cheapest cooling technology solution.
And the main disadvantages are:
The main disadvantage of this system is that it needs a high water make-up
consumption derived from the evaporation and drift losses.
It is necessary to use chemicals and biocides for the water treatment, which
increase the operation cost.
The power consumption of the system is higher than the other cooling
technologies evaluated, due to cooling water pumps and fan motors.
AIR COOLED CONDENSER

The operation of the air cooled condenser is based on the cooling of the steam by the
basic principle of convection cooling, using the airflow as a refrigerant. It is based on
the exchange of heat between the atmospheric air and steam from the exhaust turbine.
The steam is passed through a heat exchanger composed of finned tube bundles that
increase the contact surface of the steam. It grouped into modules and mounted on a
steel support structure. The tubes bundles of the heat exchanger seem to be a house
roof. In the lower part the fans are positioned so that the air transversely flows through
the heat exchanger. The fluid is cooling with the metal contact of the air cooled
condenser, which in turn it is cooled by the airflow generate by the fans.
This type of air cooled condenser uses a condensation process in two stages First, the
steam is guided from the steam turbine to the air cooled condenser where it enters in
parallel flow to the tube panels in the top part. The steam is partially condensed in the
flow parallel modules, the remaining steam is guided through the down heads in
counterflow. Here, the steam enters in the bottom and it rises in the finned tubes to a
point where the condensation is completed.
The condensed steam is brought to this point by the evacuation team. The condensate
is drained under gravity into the condensate tank and then it pumped into the water
supply system.
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Air cooled condenser (Source:GEA)
It is only used air as a refrigerant, no water consumption for cooling. It can be

applied in situations where the water availability is limited.
Can be applied in situations where the plume formation is not acceptable.
The power consumption is lower than the consumption of wet cooling towers,
because the system does not employ cooling water pumps.
The main disadvantages are:
The initial capital cost is higher.
Large heat transfer surfaces are necessary. Therefore the space requirement
for installation is high.
If winter temperatures are too low it can cause freezing problems in the
process.
The condensate pressure is higher than the other cooling technologies so that
the achieved efficiency in the power cycle is lower.
HYBRID COOLING TOWER

The hybrid cooling tower is a special design that has been developed as an important
solution to the problem of cooling water use and plume formation.
This solution reduces the water consumption up to 30% of wet cooling tower solutions
but it is not valid when no water is available for cooling uses. Therefore this technology
does not meet ACWA Power requirements.
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It is a combination of a wet and dry cooling tower or, in other words, of an evaporative
and a convection process. The hybrid cooling tower can be operated either as a pure
wet cooling tower or as a combined wet/dry cooling tower, depending on the ambient
temperature. The heated cooling water first passes through a dry section of the cooling
tower, where part of the heat load is removed by an air current, which is often induced
by a fan. After passing the dry section, water is further cooled in the wet section of the
tower, which functions similarly to an open recirculating tower. The heated air from the
dry section is mixed with the steam from the wet section in the upper part of the tower,
thus lowering the relative humidity before the air current leaves the cooling tower,
which completely reduces plume formation above the tower.
Hybrid Cooling Tower (Source: Eurelectric)
Less water consumption than wet cooling tower technology
Plume abatement
The investment cost is higher than wet cooling tower solutions
Higher water consumption than air cooling condenser solutions
COMBINED WET COOLING TOWER WITH AIR COOLED REFRIGERANTS

This technology is based in wet cooling tower solution connected in parallel with air
cooled refrigerants. The refrigerants work only in case no water is available for cooling
use in the power plant.
This alternative has not been deeply studied in this report because it is not a
commercial technology for cooling technology providers.
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The combination of a wet cooling system and a dry cooling system in parallel
allows keeping the power plant working in case no water is available.
Large heat transfer surfaces are required. Therefore the space requirement for
installation within the power block is high (around 10.000 m2 for a plant of this
magnitude).
More complexity in the power plant control when working in air refrigerant
mode. This is due to the variation of condensing pressure.
More complexity in the cooling system control based on the redundancy of

cooling equipment.
More complexity in the cooling piping lay-out.
The following table shows a comparison of the three possible options of cooling
Wet Cooling
Tower
Hybrid Cooling Tower
Air Cooling
Condenser
Site
Near the water
Near the water
No restriction
Operation
Easy
More Difficult
Easy
Maintenance
Low
High
Low
Water treatment
Yes
Yes
No
Plume
Yes
No (reduced)
Never
Noise
Yes
Yes
Sound attenuation
equipment
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3.3
Solar field design
3.3.1
Main equipment consideration
A field of distributed parabolic trough collectors collects direct radiation from the sun
and transfers it to a HTF circulating through heat collecting elements located in the
focal line of the parabolic collector.
The solar system is built up from solar collector assemblies (SCAs), each one
consisting of a row of individual trough collectors driven by a single train. The mirrored
parabolic troughs concentrate direct radiation onto the heat collection element (HCE),
which is a steel pipe with a special selective coating surrounded by an evacuated
annulus to enhance performance.
3.3.2
Solar field configuration
SOLIDA proposes two main alternatives for this solar field configuration. A four (4)
subfields configuration and a three (3) subfields configuration.
The following pictures show the solar field expansion options for ach alternative.
If the likelihood of a future thermal storage system with molten salts is high, SOLIDA
considers that the best solution is the three sub-fields configuration. This decision is
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mainly based on the HTF piping system sizing. In the four sub-fields configuration the
piping system must be previously prepared for the final configuration.
3.3.3
Solar field alternatives studied
SOLIDA has determined different solar field sizes that could be set at the site.
Due to the clients premises, we have analyzed only the possibility of a power plant
without thermal storage.
The different solar field configurations studied are the following:
Row-to-row spacing: 17 m
-
Solar field size: 96 loops

-
Sub-field 2: 32 loops
Number of subfields: 3
-
-

-

-

-
-

-
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-
-

-
3.4

-

-
-
Performance models
SOLIDA has performed its calculations using its proprietary performance model. In
order to give higher reassurance to ACWA Power, the same calculations have been
derived using SAM.
The following sections describe the main concepts and values, which have been taken
into account to calculate, among other factors, the energy production of the power plant
using SOLIDAs proprietary performance model.
3.4.1
Solar radiation
As it is described in previous sections, although the Meteonorm data seem to correlate

better than the NASA data, SOLIDA has decided to run our analysis of performance
based on the NASA.
Table 1: TMY Monthly radiation
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MONTH
Ghi(kWh/m2)
Dh(kWh/m2)
DNI (kW/m2)
Jan
244,76
61,75
266,43
Feb
193,85
53,09
205,49
Mar
183,63
49,10
208,80
Apr
143,93
35,99
194,04
May
124,19
26,03
189,32
Jun
108,01
20,16
184,43
Jul
119,74
22,32
197,13
Aug
148,81
26,03
226,55
Sep
172,80
38,16
222,42
Oct
209,79
52,08
233,66
Nov
228,91
56,87
249,04
Dec
253,66
61,01
276,82
2.132,06
502,58
2.654,12
A representation of the estimated radiation data monthly distribution can be seen in the
graphic below:
300
250
kWh/m2
200
Ghi(kWh/m2)
150
Dh(kWh/m2)
DNI (kW/m2)
100
50
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
3.4.2
Solar Field
3.4.2.1 Solar Collector Structure

The collectors used in the model have a support structure type Eurotrough-II. Each
assembly will have a total of 12 modules (12 m each) which confer a total length of
slightly less than 150 m.
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For efficiency calculations the incidence angle modifier expression, given in the final
report of the European project 'Eurotrough - II', has been used.
3.4.2.2 Parabolic reflectors
The mission of these mirrors is to reflect the incident radiation, projecting and
concentrating it on the absorber. Therefore their properties are very important in the
solar radiation collection:
Reflective aperture area: 817,5 m2
Mirror cleanliness factor: 97% (taking into account the periodic cleaning cycles)
Mirror reflectivity: 92,5%
It is considered a nominal value of the intercept factor, which decreases with

wind speed.
o
IAM = 1 (a * IA + b*IA^2)/cosIA
IAM, ET II, factor a: 0,000278005
IAM, ETII, factor b: 0,000042806
3.4.2.3 Absorbers
Absorbers are one of the main elements of the collector. These elements have
important repercussion in the high collection efficiency of solar radiation.
Number of absorbers per collector: 36
Collecting surface: 0,89 m2/absorber
Nominal absorptivity of the selecting coating: 95%
Glass transmisivity: 96%
Estimation of losses derived of the connections between absorbers.
For emissivity losses calculations, it is used a mean temperature difference

between the temperature of HTF flowing inside the absorber and the
temperature of HTF flowing on the surface (film temperature).
3.4.2.4 Heat transfer fluid (HTF)

The used fluid is an eutectic mixture of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl.
3.4.2.5 Collectors loops
Collectors will be distributed in loops. Each loop consists of 4 collectors.
The loops are distributed in two rows of two collectors each.
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3.4.2.6 Efficiency of the collector loops

It is calculated as the ratio between the net absorbed thermal power in the loop and the
incident radiation.
The following graphic shows the loop efficiency variation as a function of the solar
radiation incidence angle.
70,0%
60,0%
1050 kWh/m2
50,0%
900 kWh/m2
40,0%
750 kWh/m2
30,0%
600 kWh/m2
20,0%
450 kWh/m2
300 kWh/m2
10,0%
0,0%
3.4.3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Power Plant availability
It has been set at 98% of the percentage time when the power plant is available for
normal operation.
This parameter takes into account the scheduled stops for maintenance labors and
those forced shutdown due to unavoidable reasons.
3.4.4
Configuration of power block
The production model require the introduction of the power cycle parameters that allow
perform the conversion between the thermal energy collected in the solar field and the
electric energy produced in the generator terminals.
As it was described in previous sections, the model has taken as reference the SST700 Siemens Steam Turbine adapted to 84 MW gross power output.
3.4.5
Needs of conventional fuel sources
In this regard SOLIDA has studied different ways of operation of the power plant.
Option 1: LFO used only for anti-freezing and gland steam generation
CSP Power plant only can operate in Solar only mode: in this mode the HTF collect the
thermal energy necessary in the steam generator flowing only through the solar field.
This kind of CSP plant has specific needs of conventional fuel due to the following
reasons:
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1. Freezing prevention (anti freezing): These heaters can supply heat to the HTF
system to prevent HTF freezing.
2. Gland steam: a small boiler can be used to supply supplemental steam. It can
be avoided; some CSP plants in Spain have managed to skip it. Also some of
the SEGS plants do not have it. However for guarantee reasons vis a vis the
turbine manufacturer and hence due to bankability issues, it seems necessary
to consider this boiler.
Option 2: LFO firing up to 15%.
CSP power plants can operate in three modes:
Solar only mode: in this mode the HTF collect the thermal energy necessary in
the steam generator flowing only through the solar field.
Hybrid model (solar and fuel): The auxiliary fuel-fired HTF heater acts, in
parallel to the solar field, as and additional source to heat the HTF. This mode
is useful for reducing start-up time in the morning, as a booster in the event of
inclement meteorological conditions and for extending solar operating time in
evening hours.
Fuel only mode: in this case the auxiliary fuel fired HTF heater is the only
source of energy to produce turbine inlet steam. The HTF flow by-passes the
solar field entirely and circulates between the HTF heater and the steam
generator. This mode allows the production of electricity independently from
solar insolation or during solar field shutdowns.
This kind of plant has specific needs of conventional fuel due to the following reasons:
1. Enhancement of yearly output: during periods of low solar insolation and in the
evenings when electrical generation is planned, the supplemental fossil-fired
HTF heater can be operated to provide energy to produce turbine steam (solar
and fuel mode). The supplemental fossil-fired HTF heater can also be operated
alone to provide energy to produce turbine steam (fuel only mode).
2. Freezing prevention (anti freezing): These heaters can supply heat to the HTF
system to prevent HTF freezing.
3. Gland steam: a small boiler can be used to supply supplemental steam. It can
be avoided, some CSP plants in Spain have managed to skip it. Also some of
the SEGS plants do not have it. However for guarantee reasons vis a vis the
turbine manufacturer and hence due to bankability issues, it seems necessary
to consider this boiler.
SOLIDA has run the model with LFO firing up to 15%. We have made the following
assumptions in order to be able to recalculate:
Thermal power installed of LFO fired oil heaters: 5 x 16,6 = 83,3 MWth
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Firing strategy: Top up solar field plus stand-alone firing if necessary to reach
15% limit.
The type of conventional fuel source considered is LFO. Light Fuel Oil (LFO) is a crude
oil distillated. It is light in color and has on average a specific gravity in the range of
0.82 to 0.86. LFO is usually composed mostly of carbon (86% wt.), hydrogen (13%
wt.) and sulphur (0.1 to 0.2% wt.). It also contains trace amounts of ash and sediments.
3.4.6
Density
0.85 - 0.86 kg/litre
Kinematic Viscosity
1 - 3 cSt
Boiling Point
340-400 C
Calorific value
44 MJ/kg typical
Ashes
0.05 %wt maximum
Energy losses
Energy losses that are been taken into account are described below:
Daytime and nighttime losses of the HTF piping system. These include thermal
losses of the steam generator system, HTF pipes and the expansion and
overflow tanks.
Heat losses in collector loops: the model calculates these losses as the
difference between the theoretical maximum power that could be absorbed in
the collector loops and the power actually absorbed due to the efficiency.
-
The model considers the selective coating emissivity variation as a

function of the temperature.
Shading: the model is able to calculate the quantity of energy that the solar field
is unable to collect due to the projected shadows on the adjacent collectors.
3.4.7
Auxiliary consumptions
To make a reliable modeling of the power plant behavior is essential to take into
account those self-consumptions which depend on the systems that are in operation at
any time.
The used model is able to estimate these consumptions. Below is a breakdown of the
most important:
The solar field consumes electricity to face collectors according to the solar
position and to pumping the fluid along it.
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3.5
A CSP power plant presents the self-supply power of a conventional

thermoelectric power plant, namely, pumping of condensate, feedwater pumps,
cooling water pumping, fans etc.
Water Consumption Model
The water balance of the plant has been carried out for an optimized plant without
thermal storage.
In order to carry out the study of the needs of raw water and the volume of the
generated discharge in the Solafrica Solar Thermoelectric Power Plant, the calculation
has been structured in two phases:
Phase I: Study of the water flows consumed and the discharges generated by
the different configurations of the power plant in nominal operating conditions.
Phase II: Definition of the power plant consumptions and discharge total
volumes.
The main water consumptions for the proper functioning of Solar Thermoelectric Power
Plant are as follows:
3.5.1
Cooling system water necessities
Three possible cooling system alternatives have been considered for the power plant:
Wet cooling towers.
Air cooling condenser.
Hybrid cooling towers.
A simulation of water consumption has been made for each different cooling system,
using Thermoflex software balances and SOLIDAs proprietary model.
3.5.1.1 Wet cooling towers
In the case of wet cooling towers, a cooling tower with three cycles of concentration
has been considered.
The operation of the towers has been modeled taking into account the functioning of
the power block, the expected environmental conditions (conditions of the evaporation
process and drift losses that happen inside the towers) and the system blowdowns.
3.5.1.2 Hybrid cooling towers
In the case of Hybrid cooling towers, a cooling tower with three cycles of concentration
has been considered.
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Considering a cooling system for the power plant with hybrid cooling tower, the
operation of the towers has been modeled taking into account the functioning of the
power block, the expected environmental conditions (conditions of the evaporation
process and drift losses that happen inside the towers) and the system blowdowns.
3.5.1.3 Air cooled condenser
In order to simulate the cooling with air cooled condensers, the functioning of the power
block and the expected environmental conditions (conditions of dry cooling process)
have been considered.
3.5.2
Washing mirrors water
The water used for periodic cleaning of the solar fields mirrors, it is water from the
demineralization system of the power plant. In order to carry out the calculations of
flows and volumes consumed annually in performing this task, the following
considerations have been taken into account:
3 times a month (1 time per week) a low-pressure washing will be carried out
-
Amount of water needed: 2,80 l/m2.
Frequency: three weeks a month.
1 time per month, a high-pressure washing will be carried out
3.5.3
Volume of water required: 2,24 l/m2.
Frequency: one week per month.

Blowdowns water replacement
The continuous blowdowns and venting that are conducted in different points of the
water-steam circuit, imply the need to replace the circuit with the same amounts of
water in the condenser.
The water consumption results for the water-steam system, have been obtained from
the simulation made with the software "Thermoflex" and a proprietary model.
3.5.4
Auxiliary cooling circuit's replacement
Using the values extracted from previous experiences in power plants with similar
characteristics, it is estimated that the consumption from the system's blowdowns, can
be assumed constant and equal to 0.5 m3 / h.
3.5.5
Services water
Within this group are mainly the waters aimed for cleaning services of the different
equipment that make up the BOP.
Based on previous experience for power plants of similar characteristics, it is estimated
an average water consumption for services of 5.5 m3 per hour of plant's operation.
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Therefore, based on the estimated annual operating hours of the plant, it is obtained
the total volume of services water consumed.
3.5.6
Potable water
Based on other power plants with the same staff (40 people) and considering an
average consumption of 300 liters per person and day, the annual consumption of
potable water in the power plant is estimated.
3.5.7
Fire Protection System Water
The flow required for the fire protection system of the power plant, is considered to be
intermittent, so that for the total water consumption of the power plant, it will be
considered a first filling of the system.
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POWER PLANT CALCULATIONS
4.1
Power Block
4.1.1
Heat and mass balances
The analyzed power plant is based on a conventional Rankine steam cycle with reheat,
but with solar energy as the heat source to generate the steam to drive the turbine.
All the heat balances are for a steam cycle with two-casing reheat turbine and six
turbine extractions leading to two high pressure feedwater heaters, three low pressure
feedwater heaters and a deaerator.
The following balances are included in the attached file Heat&Mass_balances:
Rankine cycle with wet cooling tower analyzed at different loads: 100-90-75-5040%
Rankine cycle with wet cooling tower analyzed at full load with different
temperatures: 35-25-15 C
Rankine cycle with air cooling condenser analyzed at different loads: 100-9075-50-40%
Rankine cycle with air cooling condenser analyzed at full load with different
Rankine cycle with hybrid cooling tower analyzed at different loads: 100-90-7550%
Rankine cycle with hybrid cooling tower analyzed at full load with different
4.1.2
Power block efficiencies
SOLIDA has utilized THERMOFLEX software to evaluate the steam turbine efficiency.
The outputs of the steam turbine for the 84 MW gross power output have been derived
from the 55 MW SST 700 Siemens steam turbine.
Table 1: Characteristic values for SST-700 (wet cooling system)
Load
Q (MWth)
P (MWe)
Efficiency (%)
10%
25%
50%
75%
100%
20,127
41,360
73,920
107,475
142,414
5,500
13,750
27,500
41,250
55,000
27%
33%
37%
38%
39%
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The following graphic shows the curve described by the data presented in the table and
the curve traced by the model to simulate the operation of the turbine. As shown the
equation that calculates the model fits perfectly with the actual operation of the turbine.
55 MW Steam Turbine Efficiency
45,0%
40,0%
35,0%
30,0%
25,0%
20,0%
15,0%
10,0%
5,0%
0,0%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
The following graphics simulate the operation of the turbine depending on the cooling
system used.
Wet cooling system

Q (MWth)
P (MWe)
Efficiency (%)
79
102
156
189
211
29
38
60
74
82
36,1%
37,1%
38,5%
38,9%
39,0%
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Dry cooling system

Q (MWth)
P (MWe)
Efficiency (%)
31
63
113
164
215
8
19
39
58
77
25,2%
30,7%
34,3%
35,4%
36,0%
Q (MWth)
P (MWe)
Efficiency (%)
31
63
113
164
215
8
20
39
59
79
25,6%
31,2%
34,9%
36,0%
36,6%
Hybrid cooling system
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4.1.3
Water Balances
Based on an estimation of the power plant's operation during a year, and taking into
account the criteria indicated in previous paragraphs, the water balances for the
different configurations of the power plant have been calculated. They include the
nominal flows for the different consumption currents of the power plant. In addition to
that, for each evaluated case, the total water consumption has been included.
The different water balances analyzed are shown in Annex 01 to this report.
4.2
Comparative Solar Advisor Model / Propietary Model
In order to give higher reassurance to ACWA Power, SOLIDA has performed the
calculation of the power plant energy production for Option 1 (LFO used only for antifreezing and gland steam generation) and wet cooling tower, using the Solar Advisor
Model.
The following table shows the obtained values of both models:
Net Power Output (GWhe)_P50

Solar Field Size
SAM
PROPIETARY
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
114,2
144,9
156,4
166,2
174,2
181,4
187,3
196,4
123,8
150,7
160,5
168,7
175,4
181,4
186,7
193,2
Both series presents a coefficient of determination (R2) of 99,96%.
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For 168 loops solar field size, SOLIDA has evaluated monthly values:
Net Power Output (GWhe)_P50
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
SAM
PROPIETARY
19,6
15,3
14,0
13,6
11,8
9,1
10,8
16,5
16,8
17,0
17,7
19,2
20,0
14,6
14,5
13,3
11,5
9,7
11,2
15,5
16,6
17,3
18,0
19,3
Both series presents a coefficient of determination (R2) of 97,63%.
4.3
Performance results
As it is described below, SOLIDA has performed its calculations using its own
proprietary performance model.
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4.3.1
The results are shown below:
RESULTS WET COOLING TOWER

Total Gross electricity production
Total Auxiliary consumptions
Total Net Electricity production
Maximum net power output
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
146
177
188
198
207
214
221
230
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
MWe
17
20
21
23
24
25
26
29
129
157
167
176
183
189
194
201
74,6
75,1
75,1
75,1
75,0
75,0
75,0
74,9
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
LFO Heaters
% LFO usage, base thermal input
Equivalent hours steam turbine
Thermal Efficiency annual Solar Field
Solar-Electric Efficiency Annual
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
Net electricity injected to the grid
Net equivalent hours of CSP plant
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
1.737
2.103
2.243
2.360
2.462
2.549
2.626
2.738
46,6%
44,5%
43,0%
41,4%
39,7%
38,1%
36,6%
33,6%
15,5%
15,1%
14,6%
14,1%
13,5%
13,0%
12,4%
11,4%
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
124
151
160
169
175
181
187
193
1.659
2.008
2.138
2.247
2.339
2.418
2.488
2.581
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RESULTS AIR COOLING CONDENSER

96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
134
162
173
182
190
197
203
211
15
19
21
22
24
25
26
29
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
MWe
119
143
153
160
167
172
177
183
68,3
68,3
68,2
68,2
68,2
68,1
68,1
68,0
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
1.596
1.934
2.062
2.170
2.263
2.343
2.414
2.518
46,6%
44,5%
43,0%
41,4%
39,7%
38,1%
36,6%
33,6%
14,2%
13,8%
13,3%
12,8%
12,3%
11,8%
11,3%
10,3%
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
114
138
147
154
160
165
170
176
1.668
2.018
2.148
2.256
2.348
2.425
2.492
2.583
LFO use
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
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RESULTS HYBRID COOLING TOWER

96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
138
167
178
187
195
202
208
217
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
MWe
15
18
19
20
22
23
24
26
122
149
158
167
173
179
184
191
70,2
70,7
70,6
70,7
70,6
70,6
70,6
70,4
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
1.639
1.984
2.116
2.227
2.322
2.404
2.477
2.583
46,6%
44,5%
43,0%
41,4%
39,7%
38,1%
36,6%
33,6%
14,7%
14,3%
13,8%
13,3%
12,8%
12,3%
11,8%
10,8%
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
117
143
152
160
166
172
177
183
1.672
2.023
2.154
2.264
2.356
2.435
2.505
2.598
LFO use
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
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4.3.1.1 Gross and net electricity production

The annual electricity output results for the different configurations evaluated are
included hereafter.
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4.3.1.2 Solar/Electrical efficiency

The solar/electrical efficiency results for the different configurations evaluated are
included hereafter.
4.3.1.3 Total water consumptions

The following results determine the water consumptions, for a production of the solar
power plant without use of LFO.
Wet cooling tower results
The next table indicates the most important water consumptions of the power plant for
the different solar field sizes, based on a wet cooling tower system.
Water Consumption-Wet Cooling Tower (m)

Loops
Consumption
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
Power Cycle Water
511,762.93
593,601.72
624,740.25
650,238.14
673,193.60
693,136.56
710,367.05
735,497.66
Mirror Washing Water
43,636.36
54,545.45
60,000.00
65,454.55
70,909.09
76,363.64
81,818.18
92,727.27
Others
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
Blowdown Water Treatment
53,287.84
62,411.74
66,671.19
70,756.19
74,762.55
78,675.75
82,505.05
89,875.09
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Total
635,567.14
737,438.92
778,291.44
813,328.87
845,745.24
875,055.94
901,570.28
944,980.02
As shown in the diagram below, the water consumption increases with increasing the
number of the solar field loops. In turn, it is observed that the most important water
consumption it is produced by the cooling system.
The following graph shows the monthly water consumption evolution of the power plant
for the different solar field sizes and a cooling system based on wet cooling tower. At
the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption increases with the solar
field size.
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Air cooling condenser results

The next table indicates the most important and totals water consumptions of the
power plant for the different solar field sizes based on an air cooling condenser system.
Water Consumption-Air Cooling Condenser (m)
Loops
Consumption
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
Power Cycle Water
16,820.16
16,820.16
16,820.16
16,820.16
16,820.16
16,339.38
17,888.64
16,820.16
43,636.36
54,545.45
60,000.00
65,454.55
70,909.09
76,363.64
81,818.18
92,727.27
Others
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
37,367.66
43,960.46
47,256.86
50,553.26
53,849.66
56,855.51
61,088.19
67,035.27
124,704.18
142,206.07
150,957.02
159,707.97
168,458.91
176,438.53
187,675.01
203,462.70
Total
number of the solar field loops. Unlike other cooling systems, this is due to the mirror
washing system consumption.
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for the different solar field sizes and a cooling system based on air cooling condenser.
At the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption increases with the
solar field size.
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Hybrid cooling tower results

The following table indicates the most important water consumptions of the power plant
for the different solar field sizes based on a hybrid cooling tower system.
Water Consumption-Hybrid Cooling Tower (m)
Loops
Consumption
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
Power Cycle Water
402,454.93
440,215.51
461,909.52
474,727.34
486,428.52
497,787.97
506,026.02
518,817.71
43,636.36
54,545.45
60,000.00
65,454.55
70,909.09
76,363.64
81,818.18
92,727.27
Others
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
49,907.18
57,667.84
61,635.19
65,328.02
68,986.31
72,634.04
76,185.23
83,173.65
522,878.47
579,308.80
610,424.71
632,389.90
653,203.92
673,665.65
690,909.43
721,598.63
Total
consumption is produced by the cooling system, decreasing slightly against the wet
cooling system.
for the different solar field sizes and a cooling system based on hybrid cooling tower. At
the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption increases with the solar
field size.
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4.3.2
RESULTS WET COOLING TOWER

LFO Heaters
Hours in operation, Fuel only mode
% Electricity production (solar and fuel mode)
% Electricity production (fuel only mode)
% Electricity production total
LFO Total Consumption

DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
175
211
225
237
248
256
263
274
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
MWe
19
23
24
26
28
29
30
33
155
189
201
211
220
227
234
242
74,6
75,1
75,1
75,1
75,0
75,0
75,0
75,0
150
290
510
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
13,2%
11,7%
9,4%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
1,8%
3,3%
5,6%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
GWh th
81,3
97,4
103,9
109,6
114,2
119,3
123,5
130,2
2.083
2.515
2.682
2.825
2.947
3.047
3.136
3.264
46,4%
44,4%
42,9%
41,3%
39,7%
38,1%
36,6%
33,6%
18,7%
18,1%
17,5%
16,9%
16,2%
15,3%
14,4%
12,8%
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
2,0%
149
2,0%
181
2,0%
193
2,0%
203
2,0%
211
2,0%
218
2,0%
224
2,0%
232
2.001
2.414
2.570
2.703
2.815
2.910
2.993
3.096
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
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RESULTS AIR COOLING CONDENSER

LFO Heaters

DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
MWe
GWh th
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
MWe
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
159
193
206
217
226
234
241
251
17
20
22
23
25
26
27
30
142
172
184
194
202
208
214
221
67,9
67,9
68,1
68,1
68,1
68,0
67,9
67,9
150
290
520
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
13,2%
11,7%
9,4%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
1,7%
3,3%
5,6%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
81,3
97,4
103,9
109,6
114,2
119,3
123,5
130,2
1.893
2.294
2.449
2.582
2.696
2.784
2.865
2.984
46,4%
44,4%
42,9%
41,3%
39,7%
38,1%
36,6%
33,6%
17,0%
16,6%
16,0%
15,5%
14,9%
14,0%
13,2%
11,8%
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
2,0%
136
2,0%
166
2,0%
177
2,0%
186
2,0%
194
2,0%
200
2,0%
205
2,0%
212
2.001
2.438
2.592
2.730
2.843
2.939
3.025
3.125
70,2
70,7
70,6
70,7
70,6
70,6
70,6
70,4
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RESULTS HYBRID COOLING TOWER

LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
MWe
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
163
198
211
222
232
240
247
257
18
20
22
23
25
26
27
30
146
177
189
199
207
214
220
227
70,2
70,3
70,3
70,4
70,1
70,0
70,0
70,0
150
290
520
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
13,2%
11,7%
9,4%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
1,7%
3,3%
5,6%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
GWh th
81,3
97,4
103,9
109,6
114,2
119,3
123,5
130,2
1.942
2.354
2.512
2.648
2.764
2.857
2.940
3.061
46,4%
44,4%
42,9%
41,3%
39,7%
38,1%
36,6%
33,6%
17,5%
17,0%
16,5%
15,9%
15,3%
14,4%
13,6%
12,1%
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
2.654
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
2,0%
140
2,0%
170
2,0%
182
2,0%
191
2,0%
199
2,0%
206
2,0%
211
2,0%
218
1.992
2.422
2.583
2.718
2.841
2.938
3.018
3.119
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
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4.3.2.1 Gross and net electricity production

The annual electricity output results for the different configurations evaluated are
included hereafter.
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4.3.2.2 Solar/Electrical efficiency

The solar/electrical efficiency results for the different configurations evaluated are
included hereafter.
4.3.2.3 Total water consumptions

The following results determine the water consumptions, for a production of the solar
power plant with use of LFO.
Wet cooling tower results
power plant for the different solar field sizes, based on a wet cooling tower system.
Water Consumption-Wet Cooling Tower (m)

Loops
Consumption
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
Power Cycle Water
580,970.05
676,769.15
713,505.07
745,069.01
777,214.74
787,746.41
796,252.51
807,442.54
43,636.36
54,545.45
60,000.00
65,454.55
70,909.09
76,363.64
81,818.18
92,727.27
Others
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
55,428.27
64,983.93
69,416.50
73,689.10
77,979.70
81,601.83
85,161.30
92,100.19
706,914.68
823,178.54
869,801.57
911,092.66
952,983.54
972,591.87
990,112.00
1,019,150.00
Total
204
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consumption is produced by the cooling system.
The following graph shows the monthly water consumption evolution of the solar power
plant for the different solar field sizes and a cooling system based on wet cooling tower.
At the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption increases with the
solar field size.
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Air cooling condenser results

power plant for the different solar field sizes based on an air cooling condenser system.
Water Consumption-Air Cooling Condenser (m)
Loops
Consumption
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
Power Cycle Water
18,155.76
18,155.76
18,155.76
18,155.76
18,155.76
17,674.98
18,155.76
18,155.76
43,636.36
54,545.45
60,000.00
65,454.55
70,909.09
76,363.64
81,818.18
92,727.27
Others
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
38,174.81
44,767.62
48,064.02
51,360.42
54,656.82
57,662.67
61,249.62
67,842.43
126,846.94
144,348.83
153,099.78
161,850.72
170,601.67
178,581.28
188,103.57
205,605.46
Total
number of the solar field loops. Unlike other cooling systems, this is due to the mirror
washing system consumption.
plant for the different solar field sizes and a cooling system based on air cooling
condenser. At the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption
increases with the solar field size.
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Hybrid cooling tower results

The next table indicates the most important water consumptions of the power plant for
the different solar field sizes based on a hybrid cooling tower system.
Water Consumption-Hybrid Cooling Tower (m)

Loops
Consumption
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
Power Cycle Water
435,752.31
475,289.38
500,698.21
515,565.77
538,612.76
544,605.08
548,957.75
555,465.73
43,636.36
54,545.45
60,000.00
65,454.55
70,909.09
76,363.64
81,818.18
92,727.27
Others
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00
26,880.00

Total
50,937.00
58,752.60
62,834.84
66,591.06
70,600.26
74,081.99
77,513.01
84,307.09
557,205.67
615,467.43
650,413.05
674,491.38
707,002.11
721,930.70
735,168.94
759,380.09
consumption is produced by the cooling system, decreasing slightly against the wet
cooling system.
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plant for the different solar field sizes and a cooling system based on hybrid cooling
tower. At the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption increases with
the solar field size.
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POWER PLANT OPTIMIZATION
5.1
Methodology
The definition of the best solar field configuration is based on a Levelized Cost of
Electricity (LCOE) model calculation.
This LCOE requires:
5.2
CAPEX estimation for each configuration
OPEX estimation for each configuration
Tariff: (REFIT)
Basic plant parameters (% degradation, LFO costs, etc)
Financial parameters (inflation, discount rate)
Assessment CAPEX & OPEX
For each configuration of those considered in the former section, SOLIDA has
estimated CAPEX and OPEX values.
The initial spares cost is included in our CAPEX figures. Regular spares are included in
OPEX.
The main assumptions for the execution of this subtask are as follows:
1. All costs are in $ and referred to updated prices in the Spanish market
2. Earth movement has been estimated with a value of 1 m3 for each 1 m2 of
power plant area.
3. Civil works has been estimated based on a typical BOP lay-out, with building
areas of a 55 MW CSP plant in Spain.
4. Main equipment has been estimated based on a typical BOP lay-out.
5. Concepts proportional to number of loops in solar field are structure, mirrors,
HCE, collector I&C, drive pilons, solar field erection, collector foundations, etc.
6. Water, yearly output, HTF, LFO have been calculated based in SOLIDAs
performance model
The CAPEX&OPEX results are shown in the following tables:
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CAPEX ($)
WCT
HYB
ACC
WCT_LFO
HYB_LFO
ACC_LFO
96
262.597.090
267.777.955
276.188.289
269.359.877
276.494.462
284.904.797
120
289.819.781
295.000.646
303.410.980
296.582.568
303.717.153
312.127.488
132
302.958.149
308.139.015
316.549.349
309.720.936
316.855.522
325.265.856
144
317.706.272
322.887.138
331.297.472
324.469.060
331.603.645
340.013.979
156
331.257.767
336.438.632
344.848.967
338.020.554
345.155.140
353.565.474
168
344.766.511
349.947.376
358.357.711
351.529.298
358.663.884
367.074.218
180
358.446.258
363.627.123
372.037.457
365.209.045
372.343.630
380.753.964
OPEX ($)
WCT
HYB
ACC
WCT_LFO
HYB_LFO
ACC_LFO
96
6.861.600
6.772.044
6.453.931
11.105.539
11.015.714
10.757.498
120
7.028.482
6.902.294
6.553.487
12.393.864
12.290.205
11.986.584
132
7.111.172
6.977.214
6.610.560
12.917.102
12.800.186
12.492.332
144
7.186.483
7.042.093
6.664.893
13.360.726
13.263.047
12.941.206
156
7.256.049
7.118.721
6.721.942
13.773.569
13.625.381
13.303.540
168
180
7.315.205 7.380.721
7.168.257 7.212.614
6.766.676 6.811.033
14.180.816 14.522.744
14.030.204 14.370.175
13.704.194 14.041.538
204
386.660.374
391.841.239
400.251.574
393.423.161
400.557.747
408.968.081
204
7.504.157
7.325.898
6.912.425
15.077.329
15.077.329
14.589.202
Page 62

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BOKPOORT
5.3
LCOE
The definition of the best solar field configuration is based on a Levelized Cost of
Electricity (LCOE) model calculation.
The financial assumptions are:
Inflation: 2%
Discount Rate: 10%
Other assumptions:
% degradation: 0,7 %
REFIT ($/MWh): 417,62
LCOE ($/MWh)
WCT
HYB
ACC
WCT_LFO
HYB_LFO
ACC_LFO
96
303,03
323,91
338,39
290,13
314,76
328,39
120
270,53
288,37
302,96
264,27
285,03
296,72
132
263,86
281,11
295,24
258,96
278,79
290,06
144
261,22
278,13
292,34
256,76
276,17
287,03
156
260,41
277,28
290,99
256,31
275,14
285,68
168
260,43
277,16
291,35
257,19
276,12
286,85
180
261,72
278,34
292,99
258,76
277,84
288,53
204
269,91
286,97
301,53
266,62
286,92
296,94
Page 63

DOC. CODE
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BOKPOORT
5.4
Best configuration
5.4.1
Detailed results
At it is show in the previous section there are no sensible variations of LCOE for 144
loops cases to 168 loops cases. SOLIDA has determined to study the 168 loops case
in depth.
168 L WCT
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
168 L ACC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
DNI
kWh/m2
266,43
205,49
208,80
194,04
189,32
184,43
197,13
226,55
222,42
233,89
249,04
276,82
P gross
MWhe
23.655
17.324
17.176
15.664
13.451
11.382
13.133
18.115
19.477
20.435
21.337
22.935
Auxiliary
MWhe
2.862
2.112
2.053
1.764
1.482
1.267
1.445
2.014
2.238
2.455
2.613
2.855
P net
MWhe
20.794
15.213
15.123
13.900
11.969
10.114
11.687
16.101
17.239
17.980
18.724
20.080
DNI
kWh/m2
266,43
205,49
208,80
194,04
189,32
184,43
197,13
226,55
222,42
233,66
249,04
276,82
P gross
MWhe
21.751
15.930
15.794
14.403
12.368
10.465
12.076
16.657
17.910
18.790
19.619
21.089
Auxiliary
MWhe
2.857
2.114
2.041
1.723
1.436
1.227
1.399
1.960
2.198
2.440
2.613
2.868
P net
MWhe
18.894
13.816
13.753
12.680
10.931
9.238
10.677
14.697
15.712
16.350
17.006
18.221
Page 64

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
168 L HYB
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
DNI
kWh/m2
266,43
205,49
208,80
194,04
189,32
184,43
197,13
226,55
222,42
233,66
249,04
276,82
P gross
MWhe
22.317
16.344
16.205
14.778
12.690
10.738
12.390
17.091
18.376
19.279
20.130
21.638
Auxiliary
MWhe
2.616
1.932
1.875
1.601
1.342
1.149
1.309
1.826
2.036
2.243
2.392
2.617
P net
MWhe
19.701
14.412
14.330
13.176
11.348
9.589
11.081
15.264
16.340
17.036
17.738
19.020
Water consumption comparative results

The next table indicates the differences between the most important and total water
consumptions of the solar power plant for a solar field of 168 loops and the different
cooling systems mentioned.
Page 65

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BOKPOORT
Water Consumption-168 Loops (m)

Consumptions
Wet
Cooling
Tower
Hybrid
Cooling
Tower
Air
Cooling
Condenser
Power Cycle Water 693,136.56 497,787.97 16,339.38

Mirror Washing Water 76,363.64 76,363.64 76,363.64
Others 26,880.00 26,880.00 26,880.00
Blowdown Water Treatment 78,675.75 72,634.04 56,855.51
Total
875,055.94 673,665.65 176,438.53
As shown in the diagram below, the higher water consumption of the solar power plant
occurs with the wet cooling tower option. Moreover, it can also be seen that the air
cooled condenser option reduces notably the yearly water consumption.
The following graph shows the monthly water consumptions evolution of the solar
power plant for the solar field of 168 loops, and the three options of cooling system
evaluated. At the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption evolves
seasonally, increasing during the mayor production months, and declining in the
months of lower production.
Page 66

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
Page 67

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
168 L WCT
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
168 L ACC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
DNI
kWh/m2
266,43
205,49
208,80
194,04
189,32
184,43
197,13
226,55
222,42
233,66
249,04
276,82
P gross
MWhe
26.483
19.386
19.272
18.738
16.737
16.556
17.098
21.269
22.451
23.449
24.058
25.889
Auxiliary
MWhe
3.095
2.284
2.223
2.021
1.757
1.704
1.776
2.280
2.486
2.704
2.840
3.100
P net
MWhe
23.388
17.102
17.049
16.717
14.980
14.853
15.321
18.989
19.964
20.746
21.218
22.790
DNI
kWh/m2
266,43
205,49
208,80
194,04
189,32
184,43
197,13
226,55
222,42
233,66
249,04
276,82
P gross
MWhe
24.210
17.721
17.616
17.132
15.300
15.136
15.632
19.446
20.522
21.434
21.993
23.666
Auxiliary
MWhe
2.809
2.076
2.013
1.813
1.569
1.516
1.583
2.040
2.235
2.445
2.577
2.819
P net
MWhe
21.401
15.645
15.603
15.319
13.731
13.620
14.049
17.405
18.287
18.990
19.417
20.847
Page 68

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
168 L HYB
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
DNI
kWh/m2
266,43
205,49
208,80
194,04
189,32
184,43
197,13
226,55
222,42
233,66
249,04
276,82
P gross
MWhe
24.840
18.182
18.074
17.577
15.698
15.530
16.038
19.952
21.056
21.992
22.566
24.282
Auxiliary
MWhe
2.812
2.076
2.016
1.821
1.578
1.526
1.593
2.052
2.245
2.452
2.582
2.822
P net
MWhe
22.029
16.106
16.058
15.757
14.120
14.004
14.446
17.900
18.810
19.540
19.984
21.460
Water consumption comparative results

The next table indicates the differences between the most important and total water
consumptions of the solar power plant for a solar field of 168 loops and the different
cooling systems mentioned.
Page 69

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
Water Consumption-168 Loops (m)

Consumptions
Wet
Cooling
Tower
Hybrid
Cooling
Tower
Air
Cooling
Condenser
Power Cycle Water 787,746.41 544,605.08 17,674.98

Mirror Washing Water 76,363.64 76,363.64 76,363.64
Others 26,880.00 26,880.00 26,880.00
Blowdown Water Treatment 81,601.83 74,081.99 57,662.67
Total
972,591.87 721,930.70 178,581.28
As shown in the diagram below, the higher water consumption of the solar power plant
occurs with the wet cooling tower option. Moreover, it can also be seen that the air
cooled condenser option reduces notably the yearly water consumption.
plant for the solar field of 168 loops, and the three options of cooling system evaluated.
At the same time, it is possible to see how the water consumption evolves seasonally,
increasing during the higher production months, and declining in the months of lower
production.
Page 70

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
5.5
Radiation scenarios
RESULTS WET COOLING TOWER (168L)

LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
P15
P50
P85
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
227
214
203
26
25
24
201
189
179
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
2.708
2.549
2.417
39,3%
38,1%
37,6%
13,4%
13,0%
12,8%
2.728
2.654
2.556
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
193
181
172
2.572
2.418
2.293
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
Page 71
DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW
P15
P50
P85
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
209
197
187
26
25
24
183
172
163
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
2.490
2.343
2.223
39,3%
38,1%
37,6%
12,2%
11,8%
11,6%
2.728
2.654
2.556
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
176
165
157
2.580
2.425
2.299

BOKPOORT
RESULTS AIR COOLING CONDENSER (168 L)

LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
Page 72

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
RESULTS HYBRID COOLING TOWER (168L)

P15
P50
P85
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
215
202
187
24
23
24
190
179
163
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
2.555
2.404
2.223
39,3%
38,1%
37,6%
12,7%
12,3%
11,6%
2.728
2.654
2.556
98%
2%
98%
2%
98%
2%
183
172
157
2.591
2.435
2.299
LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
Page 73

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
RESULTS WET COOLING TOWER (168 L)

GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
P15
P50
P85
272
256
243
30
29
27
241
227
216
LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
340
150
11,3%
13,2%
15,0%
3,8%
1,8%
0,0%
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
GWh th
127,3
119,3
112,5
3.234
3.047
2.895
39,3%
38,1%
37,6%
15,5%
15,3%
15,4%
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
2.728
2.654
2.556
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
2,0%
232
2,0%
218
2,0%
207
3.052
2.872
2.728
Page 74

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
RESULTS AIR COOLING CONDENSER (168 L)

P15
P50
P85
GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
248
234
222
27
26
25
221
208
198
340
150
11,3%
13,2%
15,0%
3,7%
1,7%
0,0%
LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
RESULTS HYBRID COOLING TOWER (168L)
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
GWh th
127,3
119,3
112,5
2.954
2.784
2.646
39,3%
38,1%
37,6%
14,2%
14,0%
14,1%
2.728
2.654
2.556
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
2,0%
212
2,0%
200
2,0%
190
3.064
2.885
2.742
P15
P50
P85
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
Page 75

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT

GWhe
GWhe
GWhe
255
240
228
27
26
25
227
214
203
340
150
11,3%
13,2%
15,0%
3,7%
1,7%
0,0%
LFO Heaters
DNI
Availability
Electricity losses
15,0%
15,0%
15,0%
GWh th
127,3
119,3
112,5
3.031
2.857
2.715
39,3%
38,1%
37,6%
14,6%
14,4%
14,5%
2.728
2.654
2.556
98,0%
98,0%
98,0%
2,0%
218
2,0%
206
2,0%
195
3.069
2.890
2.747
kWh/m2
GWhe
h
Page 76

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
ANNEX 1: WATER BALANCES
Page 77
Calculation Base
REGULATION FLOW
STORAGE
RAW WATER COLLECTING
CSP SOLAFRICA
373.34
WATER DIAGRAM - CHARGE/DISCHARGE - WET COOLING TOWER

FILTRATION
WATER BALANCE - NOMINAL WATER FLOW WITHOUT TSS
Note: Nominal Water Flow in m3/h
362.14
Other desing data
Replacement water-steam cycle
3.45
m3/h
1st Step Reverse Osmosis Recovery
70%
Water-steam cycle blowdown
2.38
m3/h
Electrodeionization Recovery
90%
Low Pressure Mirror Washing
21.09
m3/h
Electrodeionization Effluents
3%
High Pressure Mirror Washing
5.06
m3/h
Primary Filters Effluents
3%
Potable Water Consumption
0.50
m3/h
Anual Precipitation (mm/year)
Services Water Consumption
5.50
m3/h
Oily Effluents Services Water
85%
Evaporation in Coooling Tower
206.21
m3/h
Not Oily Effluents Services Water
15%
Blowdown Water Basin
103.10
m3/h
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentation
Evaporation over regulation flow storage
m3/h
Drift Losses in Cooling Tower
Precipitation over regulation flow storage
m3/h
Reverse Osmosis Recovery
70%
Rainwater Drainage
m3/h
Reverse Osmosis Effluents
30%
3
0.01%
309.31
TO COOLING TOWER
11.2
52.83
WATER FILTRATED
STORAGE
46.83
5.50
0.50
1.41
FILTRATION
FIRE PROTECTION
WATER STORAGE
POTABLE WATER
STORAGE
SERVICES WATER
STORAGE
45.43
COOLING TOWER
47.78
5.50
0.50
14.33
OILY DRAINAGE BOP
206.21
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Drenaje BOP
TRANSFORMERS
AREA
HTF
AREA
33.44
2.35
1.00
Evaporation & Drift loses
ELECTRODEIONIZATION
30.10
Atmosphere
DEMINERALISED
WATER STORAGE
30.10
26.15
SERVICES WATER
MIRROR WASHING
SANITARY WATER
0.50
EFFLUENT
PROCESS
(OILY)
0.50
3.45
COLSED CIRCUIT
REPLACEMENT
(Auxiliary cooling system)
26.15
EFFLUENT
PROCESS
(NOT OILY)
WATER-STEAM
CYCLE
Leakages & Venting
1.07
Solar Field Drainage
Atmosphere & deaeration
4.68
0.50
SANITARY
WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
2.38
16.73
WATER-OIL SEPARATOR
MIXING & NEUTRALISATION
4.68
0.83
Authorised
Waste Manager
0.50
Authorised
Waste Manager
17.20
103.10
19.61
36.81
CONTROL SINK
COOLING TANK
139.91
DISCHARGE
103.10
EFFLUENTS
HOMOGENISATION TANK
CONTROL SINK
Calculation Base
REGULATION FLOW
STORAGE
CSP SOLAFRICA
54.39
WATER DIAGRAM - CHARGE/DISCHARGE - AIR COOLING CONDENSER

FILTRATION
52.76
1.6
Other desing data
3.40
m3/h
70%
2.35
m3/h
90%
21.09
m3/h
3%
5.06
m3/h
3%
0.50
m3/h
5.50
m3/h
85%
15%
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
70%
Rainwater Drainage
m3/h
30%
52.76
WATER FILTRATED
STORAGE
46.76
5.50
0.50
1.40
FILTRATION
FIRE PROTECTION
WATER STORAGE
POTABLE WATER
STORAGE
SERVICES WATER
STORAGE
45.35
47.70
5.50
0.50
14.31
OILY DRAINAGE BOP
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Drenaje BOP
TRANSFORMERS
AREA
HTF
AREA
33.39
2.35
0.99
ELECTRODEIONIZATION
30.05
DEMINERALISED
WATER STORAGE
30.05
26.15
SERVICES WATER
MIRROR WASHING
SANITARY WATER
0.50
EFFLUENT
PROCESS
(OILY)
0.50
3.40
COLSED CIRCUIT
REPLACEMENT
26.15
EFFLUENT
PROCESS
(NOT OILY)
WATER-STEAM
CYCLE
Leakages & Venting
1.06
4.68
0.50
SANITARY
WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
2.35
WATER-OIL SEPARATOR
4.68
0.83
Authorised
Waste Manager
0.50
Authorised
Waste Manager
7.63
19.56
27.19
CONTROL SINK
COOLING TANK
27.19
DISCHARGE
EFFLUENTS
HOMOGENISATION TANK
16.71
Calculation Base
REGULATION FLOW
STORAGE
CSP SOLAFRICA
332.03
WATER DIAGRAM - CHARGE/DISCHARGE - HYBRID COOLING TOWER

FILTRATION
3.40
m3/h
70%
2.35
m3/h
90%
13.63
m3/h
3%
3.27
m3/h
3%
0.50
m3/h
5.50
m3/h
85%
189.14
m3/h
15%
94.57
m3/h
Other desing data
322.07
m3/h
0.01%
m3/h
70%
Rainwater Drainage
m3/h
30%
283.71
TO COOLING TOWER
10.0
38.36
WATER FILTRATED
STORAGE
32.36
5.50
0.50
0.97
FILTRATION
FIRE PROTECTION
WATER STORAGE
POTABLE WATER
STORAGE
SERVICES WATER
STORAGE
31.39
COOLING TOWER
33.02
5.50
0.50
9.90
OILY DRAINAGE BOP
189.14
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Drenaje BOP
TRANSFORMERS
AREA
HTF
AREA
23.11
1.62
0.69
Evaporation & Drift loses
ELECTRODEIONIZATION
20.80
Atmosphere
DEMINERALISED
WATER STORAGE
20.80
16.90
SERVICES WATER
MIRROR WASHING
SANITARY WATER
0.50
EFFLUENT
PROCESS
(OILY)
0.50
3.40
COLSED CIRCUIT
REPLACEMENT
16.90
EFFLUENT
PROCESS
(NOT OILY)
WATER-STEAM
CYCLE
Leakages & Venting
1.06
4.68
0.50
SANITARY
WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
2.35
11.56
WATER-OIL SEPARATOR
4.68
0.83
Authorised
Waste Manager
0.50
Authorised
Waste Manager
15.96
94.57
14.41
30.37
CONTROL SINK
COOLING TANK
124.94
DISCHARGE
94.57
EFFLUENTS
HOMOGENISATION TANK
CONTROL SINK

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
ANNEX 2: CAPEX
Page 78
OPTION1:LFOusedonlyforantifreezingandglandsteamgeneration
CAPEX SUMMARY
96,00
120,00
132,00
144,00
156,00
168,00
180,00
204,00
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

EARTH MOVEMENT
SOLAR FIELD
BOP
ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
2
3
4
5
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
20.575.100,00
10.504.638,30
114.197.236,05
136.300.466,04
146.946.579,38
158.972.797,91
169.973.100,48
180.936.751,31
192.047.009,08
215.000.226,71
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
$225.134.679,25 $248.473.749,04 $ 259.737.782,28 $ 272.381.920,71 $ 284.000.143,18 $ 295.581.713,91 $ 307.309.891,58 $331.498.949,01
General costs
Contingency
3%
5%
6.754.040,38
7.454.212,47
7.792.133,47
8.171.457,62
8.520.004,30
8.867.451,42
9.219.296,75
9.944.968,47
11.256.733,96
12.423.687,45
12.986.889,11
13.619.096,04
14.200.007,16
14.779.085,70
15.365.494,58
16.574.947,45
243.145.453,59
268.351.648,96
280.516.804,86
294.172.474,36
306.720.154,63
319.228.251,03
331.894.682,90
358.018.864,93
8%
19.451.636,29
21.468.131,92
22.441.344,39
23.533.797,95
24.537.612,37
25.538.260,08
26.551.574,63
28.641.509,19
TOTAL $262.597.089,88 $289.819.780,88 $ 302.958.149,25 $ 317.706.272,31 $ 331.257.767,00 $ 344.766.511,11 $ 358.446.257,53 $386.660.374,13
margin
1- ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
OTHERS
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
INSURANCE $
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
PROJECT EXPENSES $
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
ERECTION WORKS EXPENSES $
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
ERECTION WORKS SURVEILLANCE $
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
HEALTH AND SAFETY $
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
$20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00

2- EARTH MOVEMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
EARTH MOVEMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
3- SOLAR FIELD
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
79.002.148,30
96.294.025,32
104.669.415,61
113.885.097,34
122.479.723,43
131.037.697,78
139.742.279,06
157.479.283,41
MIRRORS $
12.612.741,12
15.765.926,40
17.342.519,04
18.919.111,68
20.495.704,32
22.072.296,96
23.648.889,60
26.802.074,88
TUBES $
16.988.590,08
21.235.737,60
23.359.311,36
25.482.885,12
27.606.458,88
29.730.032,64
31.853.606,40
36.100.753,92
METALLIC STRUCTURE $
25.536.000,00
31.920.000,00
35.112.000,00
38.304.000,00
41.496.000,00
44.688.000,00
47.880.000,00
54.264.000,00
MONITORING SYSTEM $
2.706.816,00
3.383.520,00
3.721.872,00
4.060.224,00
4.398.576,00
4.736.928,00
5.075.280,00
5.751.984,00
BALL JOINTS $
1.031.654,40
1.289.568,00
1.418.524,80
1.547.481,60
1.676.438,40
1.805.395,20
1.934.352,00
2.192.265,60
THERMAL OIL SYSTEM $
16.975.451,89
18.914.103,55
19.612.881,16
21.151.950,22
22.069.963,63
22.951.325,30
23.979.293,90
26.363.072,91
3.594.131,98
I&C SOLAR FIELD $
1.691.356,23
2.114.195,28
2.325.614,81
2.537.034,34
2.748.453,87
2.959.873,39
3.171.292,92
ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT SOLAR FIELD $
1.459.538,59
1.670.974,49
1.776.692,44
1.882.410,38
1.988.128,33
2.093.846,28
2.199.564,23
2.411.000,13
25.924.238,61
29.659.347,01
31.526.901,21
33.394.455,41
35.262.009,61
37.129.563,81
38.997.118,01
42.732.226,42
MONTAJE
8.555.841,14
9.453.333,71
9.767.126,56
10.620.733,15
11.069.479,44
11.518.225,72
11.966.972,00
13.269.324,88
COMMISIONIG
715.008,00
893.760,00
983.136,00
1.072.512,00
1.161.888,00
1.251.264,00
1.340.640,00
1.519.392,00
CIVIL WORKS
$ 114.197.236,05
$ 136.300.466,04
$ 146.946.579,38
$ 158.972.797,91
$ 169.973.100,48
$ 180.936.751,31
$ 192.047.009,08
$ 215.000.226,71
4 - BOP - EQUIPMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
59.241.990,50
59.241.990,50
59.241.990,50
59.241.990,50
59.241.990,50
59.241.990,50
59.241.990,50
49.533.456,00
9.708.534,50
59.241.990,50
4 - BOP -ERECTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CIVIL WORKS BOP
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
MECHANICAL ERECTION
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
ELECTRICAL ERECTION
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
COMMISIONING
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
5 - ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
CODE
DESCRIPTION
SUBSTATION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
CAPEX SUMMARY
96,00
120,00
132,00
144,00
156,00
168,00
180,00
204,00
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT

EARTH MOVEMENT
SOLAR FIELD
BOP
2
3
4
5
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
20.575.100,00
10.504.638,30
114.197.236,05
136.300.466,04
146.946.579,38
158.972.797,91
169.973.100,48
180.936.751,31
192.047.009,08
215.000.226,71
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
$236.786.942,25 $ 260.126.012,04 $ 271.390.045,28 $ 284.034.183,71 $ 295.652.406,18 $ 307.233.976,91 $ 318.962.154,58 $343.151.212,01
General costs
Contingency
3%
5%
7.103.608,27
7.803.780,36
8.141.701,36
8.521.025,51
8.869.572,19
9.217.019,31
9.568.864,64
10.294.536,36
11.839.347,11
13.006.300,60
13.569.502,26
14.201.709,19
14.782.620,31
15.361.698,85
15.948.107,73
17.157.560,60
255.729.897,63
280.936.093,00
293.101.248,90
306.756.918,40
319.304.598,67
331.812.695,07
344.479.126,94
370.603.308,97
8%
20.458.391,81
22.474.887,44
23.448.099,91
24.540.553,47
25.544.367,89
26.545.015,61
27.558.330,16
29.648.264,72
TOTAL $276.188.289,44 $ 303.410.980,44 $ 316.549.348,81 $ 331.297.471,88 $ 344.848.966,56 $ 358.357.710,67 $ 372.037.457,10 $400.251.573,69
margin

CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
OTHERS
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
INSURANCE $
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
PROJECT EXPENSES $
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
HEALTH AND SAFETY $
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
$20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00

2- EARTH MOVEMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EARTH MOVEMENT
AMOUNT
$
4.943.359,20
4.943.359,20
AMOUNT
$
6.179.199,00
6.179.199,00
AMOUNT
$
6.797.118,90
6.797.118,90
AMOUNT
$
7.415.038,80
7.415.038,80
AMOUNT
$
8.032.958,70
8.032.958,70
AMOUNT
$
8.650.878,60
8.650.878,60
AMOUNT
$
9.268.798,50
9.268.798,50
AMOUNT
$
10.504.638,30
10.504.638,30
3- SOLAR FIELD
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
79.002.148,30
96.294.025,32
104.669.415,61
113.885.097,34
122.479.723,43
131.037.697,78
139.742.279,06
157.479.283,41
MIRRORS $
12.612.741,12
15.765.926,40
17.342.519,04
18.919.111,68
20.495.704,32
22.072.296,96
23.648.889,60
26.802.074,88
TUBES $
16.988.590,08
21.235.737,60
23.359.311,36
25.482.885,12
27.606.458,88
29.730.032,64
31.853.606,40
36.100.753,92
25.536.000,00
31.920.000,00
35.112.000,00
38.304.000,00
41.496.000,00
44.688.000,00
47.880.000,00
54.264.000,00
MONITORING SYSTEM $
2.706.816,00
3.383.520,00
3.721.872,00
4.060.224,00
4.398.576,00
4.736.928,00
5.075.280,00
5.751.984,00
BALL JOINTS $
1.031.654,40
1.289.568,00
1.418.524,80
1.547.481,60
1.676.438,40
1.805.395,20
1.934.352,00
2.192.265,60
16.975.451,89
18.914.103,55
19.612.881,16
21.151.950,22
22.069.963,63
22.951.325,30
23.979.293,90
26.363.072,91
3.594.131,98
I&C SOLAR FIELD $
1.691.356,23
2.114.195,28
2.325.614,81
2.537.034,34
2.748.453,87
2.959.873,39
3.171.292,92
1.459.538,59
1.670.974,49
1.776.692,44
1.882.410,38
1.988.128,33
2.093.846,28
2.199.564,23
2.411.000,13
25.924.238,61
29.659.347,01
31.526.901,21
33.394.455,41
35.262.009,61
37.129.563,81
38.997.118,01
42.732.226,42
MONTAJE ASSEMBLY
8.555.841,14
9.453.333,71
9.767.126,56
10.620.733,15
11.069.479,44
11.518.225,72
11.966.972,00
13.269.324,88
COMMISIONIG
715.008,00
893.760,00
983.136,00
1.072.512,00
1.161.888,00
1.251.264,00
1.340.640,00
1.519.392,00
CIVIL WORKS
$ 114.197.236,05
$ 136.300.466,04
$ 146.946.579,38
$ 158.972.797,91
$ 169.973.100,48
$ 180.936.751,31
$ 192.047.009,08
$ 215.000.226,71
4 - BOP - EQUIPMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
61.185.719,00
9.708.534,50
70.894.253,50
4 - BOP -ERECTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CIVIL WORKS BOP
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
MECHANICAL ERECTION
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
ELECTRICAL ERECTION
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
COMMISIONING
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
CODE
5-1
DESCRIPTION
SUBSTATION
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
CAPEX SUMMARY
96,00
120,00
132,00
144,00
156,00
168,00
180,00
204,00
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CODE
ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT $

$
EARTH MOVEMENT
$
SOLAR FIELD
$
BOP
$
1
2
3
4
5
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
20.575.100,00
10.504.638,30
114.197.236,05
136.300.466,04
146.946.579,38
158.972.797,91
169.973.100,48
180.936.751,31
192.047.009,08
215.000.226,71
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
$229.576.436,25 $252.915.506,04 $264.179.539,28 $276.823.677,71 $288.441.900,18 $300.023.470,91 $311.751.648,58 $335.940.706,01
General costs
Contingency
3%
5%
6.887.293,09
7.587.465,18
7.925.386,18
8.304.710,33
8.653.257,01
9.000.704,13
9.352.549,46
10.078.221,18
11.478.821,81
12.645.775,30
13.208.976,96
13.841.183,89
14.422.095,01
15.001.173,55
15.587.582,43
16.797.035,30
247.942.551,15
273.148.746,52
285.313.902,42
298.969.571,92
311.517.252,19
324.025.348,59
336.691.780,46
362.815.962,49
8%
19.835.404,09
21.851.899,72
22.825.112,19
23.917.565,75
24.921.380,18
25.922.027,89
26.935.342,44
29.025.277,00
TOTAL $267.777.955,25 $295.000.646,24 $308.139.014,61 $322.887.137,68 $336.438.632,36 $349.947.376,47 $363.627.122,90 $391.841.239,49
margin

CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
11.238.500,00
5.679.100,00
OTHERS
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
1.064.000,00
INSURANCE $
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
PROJECT EXPENSES $
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
HEALTH AND SAFETY $
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
$20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00

2- EARTH MOVEMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
EARTH MOVEMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
3- SOLAR FIELD
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
79.002.148,30
96.294.025,32
104.669.415,61
113.885.097,34
122.479.723,43
131.037.697,78
139.742.279,06
MIRRORS $
12.612.741,12
15.765.926,40
17.342.519,04
18.919.111,68
20.495.704,32
22.072.296,96
23.648.889,60
157.479.283,41
26.802.074,88
TUBES $
16.988.590,08
21.235.737,60
23.359.311,36
25.482.885,12
27.606.458,88
29.730.032,64
31.853.606,40
36.100.753,92
25.536.000,00
31.920.000,00
35.112.000,00
38.304.000,00
41.496.000,00
44.688.000,00
47.880.000,00
54.264.000,00
MONITORING SYSTEM $
2.706.816,00
3.383.520,00
3.721.872,00
4.060.224,00
4.398.576,00
4.736.928,00
5.075.280,00
5.751.984,00
BALL JOINTS $
1.031.654,40
1.289.568,00
1.418.524,80
1.547.481,60
1.676.438,40
1.805.395,20
1.934.352,00
2.192.265,60
16.975.451,89
18.914.103,55
19.612.881,16
21.151.950,22
22.069.963,63
22.951.325,30
23.979.293,90
26.363.072,91
I&C SOLAR FIELD $
1.691.356,23
2.114.195,28
2.325.614,81
2.537.034,34
2.748.453,87
2.959.873,39
3.171.292,92
3.594.131,98
1.459.538,59
1.670.974,49
1.776.692,44
1.882.410,38
1.988.128,33
2.093.846,28
2.199.564,23
2.411.000,13
CIVIL WORKS
25.924.238,61
29.659.347,01
31.526.901,21
33.394.455,41
35.262.009,61
37.129.563,81
38.997.118,01
42.732.226,42
MONTAJE
8.555.841,14
9.453.333,71
9.767.126,56
10.620.733,15
11.069.479,44
11.518.225,72
11.966.972,00
13.269.324,88
COMMISIONIG
715.008,00
893.760,00
983.136,00
1.072.512,00
1.161.888,00
1.251.264,00
1.340.640,00
1.519.392,00
$ 114.197.236,05 $ 136.300.466,04 $ 146.946.579,38 $ 158.972.797,91 $ 169.973.100,48 $ 180.936.751,31 $ 192.047.009,08 $ 215.000.226,71
4 - BOP - EQUIPMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
53.975.213,00
9.708.534,50
63.683.747,50
4 - BOP -ERECTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CIVIL WORKS BOP
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
MECHANICAL ERECTION
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
ELECTRICAL ERECTION
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
COMMISIONING
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
10.365.122,25
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
CODE
DESCRIPTION
SUBSTATION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
OPTION2:LFOfiringupto15%.
CAPEX SUMMARY
96,00
120,00
132,00
144,00
156,00
168,00
180,00
204,00
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CODE

$
EARTH MOVEMENT
$
SOLAR FIELD
$
BOP
$
$
LFO HEATING SYSTEM
1
2
3
4
5
6
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
20.575.100,00
10.504.638,30
114.197.236,05
136.300.466,04
146.946.579,38
158.972.797,91
169.973.100,48
180.936.751,31
192.047.009,08
215.000.226,71
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
84.469.364,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
$230.932.679,25 $254.271.749,04 $265.535.782,28 $278.179.920,71 $289.798.143,18 $301.379.713,91 $313.107.891,58 $337.296.949,01
General costs
Contingency
3% $6.927.980,38
5% $11.546.633,96
$249.407.293,59
8% $19.952.583,49
TOTAL $269.359.877,08
margin
$7.628.152,47
$12.713.587,45
$274.613.488,96
$21.969.079,12
$296.582.568,08
$7.966.073,47
$13.276.789,11
$286.778.644,86
$ 22.942.291,59
$309.720.936,45
$8.345.397,62
$13.908.996,04
$300.434.314,36
$ 24.034.745,15
$324.469.059,51
$8.693.944,30
$14.489.907,16
$312.981.994,63
$ 25.038.559,57
$338.020.554,20
$9.041.391,42
$15.068.985,70
$325.490.091,03
$ 26.039.207,28
$351.529.298,31
$9.393.236,75
$15.655.394,58
$338.156.522,90
$ 27.052.521,83
$365.209.044,73
$10.118.908,47
$16.864.847,45
$364.280.704,93
$ 29.142.456,39
$393.423.161,33

CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
OTHERS
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
INSURANCE $
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
PROJECT EXPENSES $
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
HEALTH AND SAFETY $
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
$20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00

2- EARTH MOVEMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
EARTH MOVEMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
3- SOLAR FIELD
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
80.677.148,30
97.969.025,32
106.344.415,61
115.560.097,34
124.154.723,43
132.712.697,78
141.417.279,06
159.154.283,41
MIRRORS $
12.612.741,12
15.765.926,40
17.342.519,04
18.919.111,68
20.495.704,32
22.072.296,96
23.648.889,60
26.802.074,88
TUBES $
16.988.590,08
21.235.737,60
23.359.311,36
25.482.885,12
27.606.458,88
29.730.032,64
31.853.606,40
36.100.753,92
25.536.000,00
31.920.000,00
35.112.000,00
38.304.000,00
41.496.000,00
44.688.000,00
47.880.000,00
54.264.000,00
MONITORING SYSTEM $
2.706.816,00
3.383.520,00
3.721.872,00
4.060.224,00
4.398.576,00
4.736.928,00
5.075.280,00
5.751.984,00
BALL JOINTS $
1.031.654,40
1.289.568,00
1.418.524,80
1.547.481,60
1.676.438,40
1.805.395,20
1.934.352,00
2.192.265,60
18.650.451,89
20.589.103,55
21.287.881,16
22.826.950,22
23.744.963,63
24.626.325,30
25.654.293,90
28.038.072,91
3.594.131,98
I&C SOLAR FIELD $
1.691.356,23
2.114.195,28
2.325.614,81
2.537.034,34
2.748.453,87
2.959.873,39
3.171.292,92
1.459.538,59
1.670.974,49
1.776.692,44
1.882.410,38
1.988.128,33
2.093.846,28
2.199.564,23
2.411.000,13
CIVIL WORKS
25.924.238,61
29.659.347,01
31.526.901,21
33.394.455,41
35.262.009,61
37.129.563,81
38.997.118,01
42.732.226,42
MONTAJE
8.555.841,14
9.453.333,71
9.767.126,56
10.620.733,15
11.069.479,44
11.518.225,72
11.966.972,00
13.269.324,88
COMMISIONIG
715.008,00
893.760,00
983.136,00
1.072.512,00
1.161.888,00
1.251.264,00
1.340.640,00
1.519.392,00
$ 115.872.236,05 $ 137.975.466,04 $ 148.621.579,38 $ 160.647.797,91 $ 171.648.100,48 $ 182.611.751,31 $ 193.722.009,08 $ 216.675.226,71
4 - BOP - EQUIPMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
49.533.456,00
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
59.241.990,50 $
59.241.990,50 $
59.241.990,50 $
59.241.990,50 $
59.241.990,50 $
59.241.990,50 $
59.241.990,50 $
49.533.456,00
9.708.534,50
59.241.990,50
4 - BOP -ERECTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CIVIL WORKS BOP
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
MECHANICAL ERECTION
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
ELECTRICAL ERECTION
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
COMMISIONING
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
CODE
DESCRIPTION
SUBSTATION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
949.620,00
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00 $
949.620,00
949.620,00
6 - LFO HEATING SYSTEM

CODE
DESCRIPTION
LFO HEATING SYSTEM
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
CAPEX SUMMARY
96,00
120,00
132,00
144,00
156,00
168,00
180,00
204,00
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT

EARTH MOVEMENT
SOLAR FIELD
BOP
LFO HEATING SYSTEM
2
3
4
5
6
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
20.575.100,00
10.504.638,30
115.872.236,05
137.975.466,04
148.621.579,38
160.647.797,91
171.648.100,48
182.611.751,31
193.722.009,08
216.675.226,71
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
96.121.627,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
$244.259.942,25 $267.599.012,04 $ 278.863.045,28 $ 291.507.183,71 $ 303.125.406,18 $ 314.706.976,91 $ 326.435.154,58 $350.624.212,01
General costs
Contingency
3% $7.327.798,27
5% $12.212.997,11
$263.800.737,63
8% $21.104.059,01
TOTAL $284.904.796,64
margin
$8.027.970,36
$13.379.950,60
$289.006.933,00
$23.120.554,64
$312.127.487,64
$ 8.365.891,36
$13.943.152,26
$ 301.172.088,90
$24.093.767,11
$ 325.265.856,01
$ 8.745.215,51
$14.575.359,19
$ 314.827.758,40
$25.186.220,67
$ 340.013.979,08
$ 9.093.762,19
$15.156.270,31
$ 327.375.438,67
$26.190.035,09
$ 353.565.473,76
$ 9.441.209,31
$15.735.348,85
$ 339.883.535,07
$27.190.682,81
$ 367.074.217,87
$ 9.793.054,64
$16.321.757,73
$ 352.549.966,94
$28.203.997,36
$ 380.753.964,30
$10.518.726,36
$17.531.210,60
$378.674.148,97
$30.293.931,92
$408.968.080,89

CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
OTHERS
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
INSURANCE $
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
PROJECT EXPENSES $
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
HEALTH AND SAFETY $
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
$20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00

2- EARTH MOVEMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EARTH MOVEMENT
AMOUNT
$
4.943.359,20
4.943.359,20
AMOUNT
$
6.179.199,00
6.179.199,00
AMOUNT
$
6.797.118,90
6.797.118,90
AMOUNT
$
7.415.038,80
7.415.038,80
AMOUNT
$
8.032.958,70
8.032.958,70
AMOUNT
$
8.650.878,60
8.650.878,60
AMOUNT
$
9.268.798,50
9.268.798,50
AMOUNT
$
10.504.638,30
10.504.638,30
3- SOLAR FIELD
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
80.677.148,30
97.969.025,32
106.344.415,61
115.560.097,34
124.154.723,43
132.712.697,78
141.417.279,06
159.154.283,41
MIRRORS $
12.612.741,12
15.765.926,40
17.342.519,04
18.919.111,68
20.495.704,32
22.072.296,96
23.648.889,60
26.802.074,88
TUBES $
16.988.590,08
21.235.737,60
23.359.311,36
25.482.885,12
27.606.458,88
29.730.032,64
31.853.606,40
36.100.753,92
25.536.000,00
31.920.000,00
35.112.000,00
38.304.000,00
41.496.000,00
44.688.000,00
47.880.000,00
54.264.000,00
MONITORING SYSTEM $
2.706.816,00
3.383.520,00
3.721.872,00
4.060.224,00
4.398.576,00
4.736.928,00
5.075.280,00
5.751.984,00
BALL JOINTS $
1.031.654,40
1.289.568,00
1.418.524,80
1.547.481,60
1.676.438,40
1.805.395,20
1.934.352,00
2.192.265,60
18.650.451,89
20.589.103,55
21.287.881,16
22.826.950,22
23.744.963,63
24.626.325,30
25.654.293,90
28.038.072,91
3.594.131,98
I&C SOLAR FIELD $
1.691.356,23
2.114.195,28
2.325.614,81
2.537.034,34
2.748.453,87
2.959.873,39
3.171.292,92
1.459.538,59
1.670.974,49
1.776.692,44
1.882.410,38
1.988.128,33
2.093.846,28
2.199.564,23
2.411.000,13
CIVIL WORKS
25.924.238,61
29.659.347,01
31.526.901,21
33.394.455,41
35.262.009,61
37.129.563,81
38.997.118,01
42.732.226,42
MONTAJE ASSEMBLY
8.555.841,14
9.453.333,71
9.767.126,56
10.620.733,15
11.069.479,44
11.518.225,72
11.966.972,00
13.269.324,88
COMMISIONIG
715.008,00
893.760,00
983.136,00
1.072.512,00
1.161.888,00
1.251.264,00
1.340.640,00
1.519.392,00
$ 115.872.236,05
$ 137.975.466,04
$ 148.621.579,38
$ 160.647.797,91
$ 171.648.100,48
$ 182.611.751,31
$ 193.722.009,08
$ 216.675.226,71
4 - BOP - EQUIPMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
61.185.719,00
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
70.894.253,50
61.185.719,00
9.708.534,50
70.894.253,50
4 - BOP -ERECTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CIVIL WORKS BOP
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
MECHANICAL ERECTION
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
ELECTRICAL ERECTION
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
COMMISIONING
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
25.227.373,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
CODE
5-1
DESCRIPTION
SUBSTATION
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00
AMOUNT
$
949.620,00
949.620,00

CODE
DESCRIPTION
LFO HEATING SYSTEM
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00 $
AMOUNT
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
CAPEX SUMMARY
96,00
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
CODE

$
EARTH MOVEMENT
$
SOLAR FIELD
$
BOP
$
$
LFO HEATING SYSTEM
1
2
3
4
5
6
120,00
132,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
144,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
156,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
168,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
180,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
204,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
AMOUNT
20.575.100,00
20.575.100,00
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
115.872.236,05
137.975.466,04
148.621.579,38
160.647.797,91
171.648.100,48
182.611.751,31
193.722.009,08
216.675.226,71
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
88.911.121,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00
$ 237.049.436,25 $ 260.388.506,04 $ 271.652.539,28 $ 284.296.677,71 $295.914.900,18 $ 307.496.470,91 $ 319.224.648,58 $ 343.413.706,01
General costs
Contingency
3% $7.111.483,09
5% $11.852.471,81
$256.013.391,15
8% $ 20.481.071,29
TOTAL $276.494.462,45
margin
$7.811.655,18
$13.019.425,30
$281.219.586,52
$ 22.497.566,92
$303.717.153,44
$8.149.576,18
$13.582.626,96
$293.384.742,42
$ 23.470.779,39
$316.855.521,81
$8.528.900,33
$14.214.833,89
$307.040.411,92
$ 24.563.232,95
$331.603.644,88
$8.877.447,01
$14.795.745,01
$319.588.092,19
$25.567.047,38
$345.155.139,56
$9.224.894,13
$15.374.823,55
$332.096.188,59
$ 26.567.695,09
$358.663.883,67
$9.576.739,46
$15.961.232,43
$344.762.620,46
$ 27.581.009,64
$372.343.630,10
$10.302.411,18
$17.170.685,30
$370.886.802,49
$ 29.670.944,20
$400.557.746,69

CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ENGINEERING
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
11.238.500,00
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
5.679.100,00
OTHERS
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
3.657.500,00
INSURANCE $
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
1.064.000,00
PROJECT EXPENSES $
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
399.000,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
1.103.900,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
532.000,00
HEALTH AND SAFETY $
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
558.600,00
$ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00 $ 20.575.100,00

2- EARTH MOVEMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
EARTH MOVEMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
4.943.359,20
6.179.199,00
6.797.118,90
7.415.038,80
8.032.958,70
8.650.878,60
9.268.798,50
10.504.638,30
3- SOLAR FIELD
CODE
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
80.677.148,30
97.969.025,32
106.344.415,61
115.560.097,34
124.154.723,43
132.712.697,78
141.417.279,06
159.154.283,41
MIRRORS $
12.612.741,12
15.765.926,40
17.342.519,04
18.919.111,68
20.495.704,32
22.072.296,96
23.648.889,60
26.802.074,88
TUBES $
16.988.590,08
21.235.737,60
23.359.311,36
25.482.885,12
27.606.458,88
29.730.032,64
31.853.606,40
36.100.753,92
25.536.000,00
31.920.000,00
35.112.000,00
38.304.000,00
41.496.000,00
44.688.000,00
47.880.000,00
54.264.000,00
MONITORING SYSTEM $
2.706.816,00
3.383.520,00
3.721.872,00
4.060.224,00
4.398.576,00
4.736.928,00
5.075.280,00
BALL JOINTS $
1.031.654,40
1.289.568,00
1.418.524,80
1.547.481,60
1.676.438,40
1.805.395,20
1.934.352,00
2.192.265,60
18.650.451,89
20.589.103,55
21.287.881,16
22.826.950,22
23.744.963,63
24.626.325,30
25.654.293,90
28.038.072,91
I&C SOLAR FIELD $
1.691.356,23
2.114.195,28
2.325.614,81
2.537.034,34
2.748.453,87
2.959.873,39
3.171.292,92
5.751.984,00
3.594.131,98
1.459.538,59
1.670.974,49
1.776.692,44
1.882.410,38
1.988.128,33
2.093.846,28
2.199.564,23
2.411.000,13
CIVIL WORKS
25.924.238,61
29.659.347,01
31.526.901,21
33.394.455,41
35.262.009,61
37.129.563,81
38.997.118,01
42.732.226,42
MONTAJE
8.555.841,14
9.453.333,71
9.767.126,56
10.620.733,15
11.069.479,44
11.518.225,72
11.966.972,00
13.269.324,88
COMMISIONIG
715.008,00
893.760,00
983.136,00
1.072.512,00
1.161.888,00
1.251.264,00
1.340.640,00
1.519.392,00
$ 115.872.236,05 $ 137.975.466,04 $ 148.621.579,38 $ 160.647.797,91 $ 171.648.100,48 $ 182.611.751,31 $ 193.722.009,08 $ 216.675.226,71
4 - BOP - EQUIPMENT
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
53.975.213,00
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
9.708.534,50
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
63.683.747,50 $
53.975.213,00
9.708.534,50
63.683.747,50
4 - BOP -ERECTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
CIVIL WORKS BOP
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
10.365.122,25
MECHANICAL ERECTION
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
8.895.738,25
ELECTRICAL ERECTION
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
COMMISIONING
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
25.227.373,50 $
2.983.256,50
25.227.373,50
CODE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
SUBSTATION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00
949.620,00

CODE
DESCRIPTION
LFO HEATING SYSTEM
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
AMOUNT
$
5.798.000,00 $
5.798.000,00
5.798.000,00

DOC. CODE
SO-DV-1006
REVIEW

BOKPOORT
ANNEX 3: OPEX
Page 79
OPEX WET COOLING TOWER
CODE
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,00 LABOUR
2,00 EXTERNAL SERVICES
3,00 MATERIALS & SPARES
4,00 CONTINGENCY
5,00 ELECRICITY
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
7,00 EQUIPMENT
8,00 LAND LEASE
9,00 OTHERS
CODE
2.367.666
772.319
1.101.681
434.910
122.333
690.000
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.861.600
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.159.669
434.910
122.333
798.895
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.028.482
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.188.662
434.910
122.333
852.591
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.111.172
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.217.656
434.910
122.333
898.908
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.186.483
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.246.650
434.910
122.333
939.480
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.256.049
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.275.644
434.910
122.333
969.642
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.315.205
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.304.638
434.910
122.333
1.006.165
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.380.721
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.362.625
434.910
122.333
1.071.613
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.504.157
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
30,82
845.745,24
40,53
32,08
875.055,94
46,27
33,57
901.570,28
52,09
36,20
944.980,02
64,50
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
HTF REPOSITION (TON)
WATER (M3)
LFO (TON)
23,93
635.567,14
12,39
26,81
737.438,92
21,68
28,05
778.291,44
26,32
29,50
813.328,87
32,52
OPEX AIR COOLING CONDENSER
CODE
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,00 LABOUR
4,00 CONTINGENCY
5,00 ELECRICITY
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
7,00 EQUIPMENT
8,00 LAND LEASE
9,00 OTHERS
CODE
2.367.666
772.319
1.101.681
434.910
122.333
282.332
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.453.931
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.159.669
434.910
122.333
323.899
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.553.487
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.188.662
434.910
122.333
351.978
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.610.560
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.217.656
434.910
122.333
377.318
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.664.893
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.246.650
434.910
122.333
405.373
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.721.942
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.275.644
434.910
122.333
421.113
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.766.676
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.304.638
434.910
122.333
436.477
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.811.033
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2.367.666
772.319
1.362.625
434.910
122.333
479.881
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.912.425
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
30,82
168.458,91
40,53
32,08
176.438,53
46,27
33,57
187.675,01
52,09
36,20
203.462,70
64,50
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
WATER (M3)
LFO (TON)
23,93
124.704,18
12,39
26,81
142.206,07
21,68
28,05
150.957,02
26,32
29,50
159.707,97
32,52
OPEX HYBRID COOLING TOWER
CODE
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
2.367.666
772.319
1.101.681
434.910
122.333
600.444
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.772.044
1,00 LABOUR
4,00 CONTINGENCY
5,00 ELECRICITY
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
7,00 EQUIPMENT
8,00 LAND LEASE
9,00 OTHERS
CODE
2.367.666
772.319
1.159.669
434.910
122.333
672.707
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.902.294
2.367.666
772.319
1.188.662
434.910
122.333
718.633
472.280
585.200
315.210
6.977.214
2.367.666
772.319
1.217.656
434.910
122.333
754.518
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.042.093
2.367.666
772.319
1.246.650
434.910
122.333
802.152
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.118.721
2.367.666
772.319
1.275.644
434.910
122.333
822.694
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.168.257
2.367.666
772.319
1.304.638
434.910
122.333
838.057
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.212.614
2.367.666
772.319
1.362.625
434.910
122.333
893.354
472.280
585.200
315.210
7.325.898
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
30,82
653.203,92
40,53
32,08
673.665,65
46,27
33,57
690.909,43
52,09
36,20
721.598,63
64,50
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
WATER (M3)
LFO (TON)
23,93
522.878,47
12,39
26,81
579.308,80
21,68
28,05
610.424,71
26,32
29,50
632.389,90
32,52
OPEX WET COOLING TOWER
CODE
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
2.367.666
772.319
1.246.650
434.910
122.333
12.002.278
472.280
585.200
315.210
18.318.847
2.367.666
772.319
1.275.644
434.910
122.333
12.514.923
472.280
585.200
315.210
18.860.486
2.367.666
772.319
1.304.638
434.910
122.333
12.940.693
472.280
585.200
315.210
19.315.249
2.367.666
772.319
1.362.625
434.910
122.333
13.620.304
472.280
585.200
315.210
20.052.848
2.367.666
772.319
1.101.681
434.910
122.333
8.598.767
472.280
585.200
315.210
14.770.367
1,00 LABOUR
4,00 CONTINGENCY
5,00 ELECRICITY
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
7,00 EQUIPMENT
8,00 LAND LEASE
9,00 OTHERS
CODE
2.367.666
772.319
1.159.669
434.910
122.333
10.254.252
472.280
585.200
315.210
16.483.839
2.367.666
772.319
1.188.662
434.910
122.333
10.921.165
472.280
585.200
315.210
17.179.746
2.367.666
772.319
1.217.656
434.910
122.333
11.482.191
472.280
585.200
315.210
17.769.766
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
38,99
952.983,54
9.346,08
40,25
972.591,87
9.763,18
41,74
990.112,00
10.106,70
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
WATER (M3)
LFO (TON)
32,10
706.914,68
6.652,03
34,98
823.178,54
7.967,21
36,22
869.801,57
8.496,84
37,67
911.092,66
8.967,12
44,37
1.019.150,00
10.652,73
OPEX AIR COOLING CONDENSER
CODE
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
2.367.666
772.319
1.246.650
434.910
122.333
11.377.139
472.280
585.200
315.210
17.693.708
2.367.666
772.319
1.275.644
434.910
122.333
11.881.016
472.280
585.200
315.210
18.226.578
2.367.666
772.319
1.304.638
434.910
122.333
12.300.690
472.280
585.200
315.210
18.675.246
2.367.666
772.319
1.362.625
434.910
122.333
12.971.095
472.280
585.200
315.210
19.403.639
2.367.666
772.319
1.101.681
434.910
122.333
8.135.873
472.280
585.200
315.210
14.307.473
1,00 LABOUR
4,00 CONTINGENCY
5,00 ELECRICITY
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
7,00 EQUIPMENT
8,00 LAND LEASE
9,00 OTHERS
CODE
2.367.666
772.319
1.159.669
434.910
122.333
9.712.569
472.280
585.200
315.210
15.942.157
2.367.666
772.319
1.188.662
434.910
122.333
10.356.220
472.280
585.200
315.210
16.614.801
2.367.666
772.319
1.217.656
434.910
122.333
10.924.229
472.280
585.200
315.210
17.211.804
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
38,99
170.601,67
9.343,64
40,25
178.581,28
9.763,18
41,74
188.103,57
10.106,70
44,37
205.605,46
10.655,16
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
WATER (M3)
LFO (TON)
32,10
126.846,94
6.651,82
34,98
144.348,83
7.967,21
36,22
153.099,78
8.504,59
37,67
161.850,72
8.967,27
OPEX HYBRID COOLING TOWER
CODE
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
2.367.666
772.319
1.246.650
434.910
122.333
11.377.139
472.280
585.200
315.210
17.693.708
2.367.666
772.319
1.275.644
434.910
122.333
11.881.016
472.280
585.200
315.210
18.226.578
2.367.666
772.319
1.304.638
434.910
122.333
12.300.690
472.280
585.200
315.210
18.675.246
2.367.666
772.319
1.362.625
434.910
122.333
12.971.095
472.280
585.200
315.210
19.403.639
2.367.666
772.319
1.101.681
434.910
122.333
8.135.873
472.280
585.200
315.210
14.307.473
1,00 LABOUR
4,00 CONTINGENCY
5,00 ELECRICITY
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
7,00 EQUIPMENT
8,00 LAND LEASE
9,00 OTHERS
CODE
2.367.666
772.319
1.159.669
434.910
122.333
9.712.569
472.280
585.200
315.210
15.942.157
2.367.666
772.319
1.188.662
434.910
122.333
10.356.220
472.280
585.200
315.210
16.614.801
2.367.666
772.319
1.217.656
434.910
122.333
10.924.229
472.280
585.200
315.210
17.211.804
SUMMARY - OPEX
96
120
132
144
156
168
180
204
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
38,99
707.002,11
9.346,08
40,25
721.930,70
9.763,18
41,74
735.168,94
10.106,70
44,37
759.380,09
10.655,16
6,00 LFO/OIL/WATER
WATER (M3)
LFO (TON)
32,10
557.205,67
6.651,82
34,98
615.467,43
7.967,21
36,22
650.413,05
8.504,59
37,67
674.491,38
8.967,12

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TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

PROJECT IN SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa, North Cape Region,

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

DNI ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 6

PLANT CONFIGURATION DESIGN .................................................................... 16

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

3.5.4 Auxiliary cooling circuit's replacement ................................................. 34

POWER PLANT CALCULATIONS....................................................................... 36

POWER PLANT OPTIMIZATION ........................................................................ 61

ANNEX 1: WATER BALANCES .................................................................................. 77

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Satellite derived data:

DNI (KWh/m2) NASA

DNI (KWh/m2) NREL

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

o HELIOCLIM3 Data Base: Monthly and hourly values of global horizontal

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Satellite derived data analysis

Monthly radiation (kWh/m2)

DNI (KWh/m2) NREL

DNI (KWh/m2) NASA

DNI (KWh/m2) HC3

DNI (KWh/m2) MEASURED

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

DNI average daily values (kWh/m2)

DNI (KWh/m2) NREL

DNI (KWh/m2) HC3

Alternative sources of data

Solar radiation is a fundamental input of a solar thermoelectric power plant production

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Meteonorm is a comprehensive climatological database for solar energy applications. It

The obtained annual value of DNI is 2.818,35 kWh/m2.

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Minimum and Maximum values from monthly averaged diffuse insolation

Monthly averaged Direct Normal Radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Minimum and Maximum difference from monthly averaged Direct Normal

Global radiation (kWh/m2/day)

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Diffuse radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Direct Normal radiation (kWh/m2/day)

As it is described above Meteonorm is able of generate hourly radiation values using

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Analysis of alternative sources of data

TECHNICAL ADVISOR FOR A CSP

South Africa, North Cape Region,

Generation of PoE scenarios for annual hourly DNI data sets