Objective:The objective of this experiment is to determine the amount of

ferrous ion in per litre of a supplied solution by using standard potassium

permanganate solution.There is also some practical application of this
experiment. The percentage of purity of Iron in any substance and percentage
of ferrous iron in any alloy can be determined by this experiment.

Theory:In this experiment, the amount of iron in a supplied solution is

determined. The reaction that occurs here is oxidation and reduction reaction.
An oxidation-reduction reaction (redox) is a reaction in which electrons are
transferred between species or in which atoms change oxidation numbers.
Oxidation is the half reaction in which there is loss of electrons by a species.
Reduction is the half reaction in which there is a gain of electrons by a species.
Reaction involved in this experiment is:
KMnO4 + 5Fe2+ K+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+
In this reaction, Fe+2 is oxidized into Fe+3. And MnO4-2 is reduced to Mn+2.
From the above reaction we get:
1 equivalent weight of KMnO4 1 equivalent weight of Fe+2
1000 ml (N) KMnO4 solution 1000 ml (N) ferrous iron solution
1 atomic weight of iron
So, 1000 ml (N) KMnO 4 solution should be equivalent to one gram atomic
weight that is 55.855 gram of iron. Therefore,
1 ml of (N) KMnO4 0.5585 gram of iron
So, the weight of iron in the supplied solution may then be easily
calculated using the above relation.

Apparatus:2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1. Conical flask
Burette
Pipette
Volumetric flask
Stand
Funnel

Chemicals:1. Sodium Oxalate (Na2C2O4)

2. Mohrs Salt( (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O)
3. H2SO4 solution (2N)
4. KMnO4 solution
5. Distilled water

Data:-

TABLE: 1
Standardization of KMnO4 solution with standard Na2C2O4 solution

No. of
obs.

Volume
of
Na2C2O4
Solution
(ml)

1.
2.
3.
4.

10
10
10
10

Burette reading
Initial

Final

(ml)

(ml)

3.3
18.9
33.1
19.2

Volume
of
KMnO4

Average
(Volume
of
KMnO4)

(ml)
15.6
14.2
14.2
14.3

(ml)

18.9
33.1
47.3
33.5

14.233

TABLE: 2
Determination of ferrous ion by standard KMnO4 Solution

No. of
obs.

Volume
of
Mohrs
salt

1.
2.
3.
4.

(ml)
10
10
10
10

Burette reading
Initial

Final

(ml)

(ml)

2.4
17.6
31.6
22.8

Calculation:We know, Vred X Sred = Vox X Sox

Here,
VKMnO4 = 14.233 ml
S Na2C2O4 = 0.1 N
VNa2C2O4 = 10 ml
So, S KMnO4 = (10 X 0.1)/14.233
=0.0703 N

17.3
31.6
46.3
36.7

Volume
of
KMnO4

Average
(Volume
of
KMnO4)

(ml)
14.9
14.0
14.0
13.9

(ml)
13.97

Again,
1000 ml 1.0N KMnO4 55.855 gm Fe+2
=> 13.97 ml 0.0703N KMnO4 (55.85 X 13.97 X 0.0703)/1000 gm Fe+2
0.548 gm Fe+2
Thus the amount of iron present per litre
= ( 0.0548 X 100 ) gm
= 5.48 gm

Result:The amount of iron (in gm) present in the supplied Fe+2 solution (per
litre) is = 5.48gm.

Error:Percentage of error = (known value ~observed value)X 100 known value

= (5.48-5.43) X 100 / 5.43
= 0.912 %

Discussion:The following causes can be assumed for the slight deviation of the
result from the original one:
1.As the color change of the titration of KMnO4 with Na2C2O4 is very
confusing, the end point of the titration may not have been properly
determined.
2.While taking KMnO4 solution from the burette, one or two drops might fall on
the body surface of the conical flask and might stick on it. These drops would
not participate in the reaction but these drops were counted in the reading.