Sample records for intensity-duration-frequency idf curves

1.

African cities

Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves, for data series and climate projection in

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Paola, Francesco; Giugni, Maurizio; Topa, Maria Elena; Coly, Adrien; Yeshitela, Kumelachew; Kombe,
Wilbard; Tonye, Emmanuel; Tour, Hamidou
2013-04-01
The intensity-duration-frequency curves are used in hydrology to express in a synthetic way, the link
between the maximum rainfall height h and a generic duration d of a rainfall event, fixed a given return
period T. Generally, IDF curves can be characterized by a bi-parameter power law: h(d,T) = a(T)dn where
a(T), and n are the parameters that have to be estimated through a probabilistic approach. An intensityduration-frequency analysis starts by gathering time series record of different durations and extracting
annual extremes for each duration. The annual extreme data are then fitted by a probability distribution.
The present study, carried out within the FP7-ENV-2010 CLUVA project (CLimate change and Urban
Vulnerability in Africa), regards the evaluation of the IDF curves for five case studies: Addis Ababa
(Ethiopia), Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania), Douala (Cameroon), Ouagadouogou (Burkina Faso) and Saint
Louis (Senegal). The probability distribution chosen to fit the annual extreme data is the classic Gumbel
distribution. However, for the case studies, only the maximum annual daily rainfall heights are available.
Therefore, to define the IDF curves and the extreme values in a smaller time window (10', 30', 1h, 3h, 6h,
12h), it is required to develop disaggregation techniques of the collected data, in order to generate a
synthetic sequence of rainfall, with statistical properties equal to the recorded data. The daily rainfalls were
disaggregated using two models: short-time intensity disaggregation model (10', 30', 1h); cascade-based
disaggregation model (3h, 6h, 12h). On the basis of disaggegation models and Gumbel distribution , the
parameters of the IDF curves for the five test cities were evaluated. In order to estimate the contingent

influence of climate change on the IDF curves, the illustrated procedure has been applied to the climate
(rainfall) simulations over the time period 2010-2050 provided by the CMCC (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo
sui Cambiamenti Climatici). The climate projections used were performed following the IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 20C3M protocol for the 20th Century, using the RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5 radiative forcing scenarios and are characterized by vertical resolutions of 8 and 1 km. In
conclusion, the evaluation of the IDF curves allowed to frame the rainfall evolution of the five case studies,
first considering only historical data, then taking in account the climate projections, in order to verify the
changes in rainfall patterns. In particular, taking in account the climate projections, an increase of rainfall
frequency can be highlighted, compared to a decrease of intensity.
2.

Development of Sub-Daily Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curves for Major Urban Areas
in India
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ali, H.; Mishra, V.
2014-12-01
Extreme precipitation events disrupt urban transportation and cause enormous damage to infrastructure.
Urban areas are fast responding catchments due to significant impervious surface. Stormwater designs
based on daily rainfall data provide inadequate information. We, therefore, develop intensity-durationfrequency curves using sub-daily (1 hour to 12 hour) rainfall data for 57 major urban areas in India. While
rain gage stations data from urban areas are most suitable, but stations are unevenly distributed and their
data have gaps and inconsistencies. Therefore, we used hourly rainfall data from the Modern Era
Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), which provides a long term data (1979
onwards). Since reanalysis products have uncertainty associated with them we need to enhance their
accuracy before their application. We compared daily rain gage station data obtained from Global Surface
Summary of Day Data (GSOD) available for 65 stations for the period of 2000-2010 with gridded daily
rainfall data provided by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). 3-hourly data from NOAA/Climate
Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed
Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
(TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) were aggregated to daily for comparison with GSOD
station data . TMPA is found to be best correlated with GSOD data. We used TMPA data to correct
MERRA's hourly precipitation, which were applied to develop IDF curves. We compared results with IDF
curves from empirical methods and found substantial disparities in the existing stormwater designs in
India.

3.

Construction of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves for precipitation with annual

maxima data in Rwanda, Central Africa
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Demare, G. R.; Van de Vyver, H.
2013-06-01

Detailed probabilistic information on the intensity of precipitation in Central Africa is highly needed in order
to cope with the risk analysis of natural hazards. In the mountainous areas of Rwanda land slides
frequently occur and might cause a heavy toll in human lives. The establishment of Intensity-DurationFrequency curves for precipitation in Central Africa remains a difficult task as adequate long-term data
sets for short aggregation times are usually not available. In 1962 recording raingauges were installed at
several stations in Rwanda. According to the climatological procedures in use at that time in Congo,
Rwanda and Burundi, maximum monthly and annual precipitation depths for fixed-time durations of 15, 30,
45, 60 and 120 min were determined from the rainfall charts. The data set is completed by the monthly
and annual daily precipitation extremes from the non-recording raingauge at the stations. The authors
used the dataset to establish the IDF-curves for precipitation at 3 stations in Rwanda having more than 20
yr of operation. The fixed-hour intervals of multiple 15 min require the use of a technique converting data
from fixed-time intervals into data of arbitrary starting intervals. Therefore, the van Montfort technique was
used.
4.

Assessment of the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves for storms in Peninsular

Malaysia based on the generalized extreme value distribution
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mohd Ariff, Noratiqah; Jemain, Abdul Aziz; Wan Zin, Wan Zawiah
2013-04-01
Rainfall characteristics can be analyzed by using storm events with storms representing actual rainfall
events instead of rainfall amounts in fixed time frames. One of the most commonly used methods in rainfall
analysis is the construction of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves. IDF curves help in designing
hydraulic structures by providing a mathematical relationship between storm intensity, duration and return
period. In Peninsular Malaysia, these curves are often built using the generalized extreme value (GEV)
distribution to represent annual maximum storm intensity. The mathematical formula for the curves is
usually taken from either known empirical equations or from quantile functions of probability distributions.
However, there is no research which compares and analyzes the differences between the curves obtained
for storms in Peninsular Malaysia based on the empirical and quantile functions. Thus, the aim of this
study is to build IDF curves for storms in Peninsular Malaysia using typical empirical equations and the
quantile function of the GEV distribution. Then, the analysis of differences is performed on the curves
obtained from both approaches. The analysis consists of the coefficient of variation of root mean square
error mean percentage difference and the coefficient of determination, R2. The analysis shows small
differences between the curves based on the empirical equations and those obtained using the quantile
function of GEV distribution. According to these results, it can be concluded that the simple empirical
equations are sufficient in constructing IDF curves based on GEV distribution for storms in Peninsular
Malaysia.

5.

Radar QPE for hydrological design: Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Marra, Francesco; Morin, Efrat

2015-04-01
Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are widely used in flood risk management since they provide an
easy link between the characteristics of a rainfall event and the probability of its occurrence. They are
estimated analyzing the extreme values of rainfall records, usually basing on raingauge data. This pointbased approach raises two issues: first, hydrological design applications generally need IDF information
for the entire catchment rather than a point, second, the representativeness of point measurements
decreases with the distance from measure location, especially in regions characterized by steep
climatological gradients. Weather radar, providing high resolution distributed rainfall estimates over wide
areas, has the potential to overcome these issues. Two objections usually restrain this approach: (i) the
short length of data records and (ii) the reliability of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) of the
extremes. This work explores the potential use of weather radar estimates for the identification of IDF
curves by means of a long length radar archive and a combined physical- and quantitative- adjustment of
radar estimates. Shacham weather radar, located in the eastern Mediterranean area (Tel Aviv, Israel),
archives data since 1990 providing rainfall estimates for 23 years over a region characterized by strong
climatological gradients. Radar QPE is obtained correcting the effects of pointing errors, ground echoes,
beam blockage, attenuation and vertical variations of reflectivity. Quantitative accuracy is then ensured
with a range-dependent bias adjustment technique and reliability of radar QPE is assessed by comparison
with gauge measurements. IDF curves are derived from the radar data using the annual extremes method
and compared with gauge-based curves. Results from 14 study cases will be presented focusing on the
effects of record length and QPE accuracy, exploring the potential application of radar IDF curves for
ungauged locations and providing insights on the use of radar QPE for hydrological design studies.
6.

Nonstationary Precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Infrastructure Design in

a Changing Climate
PubMed Central
Cheng, Linyin; AghaKouchak, Amir
2014-01-01
Extreme climatic events are growing more severe and frequent, calling into question how prepared our
infrastructure is to deal with these changes. Current infrastructure design is primarily based on
precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves with the so-called stationary assumption, meaning
extremes will not vary significantly over time. However, climate change is expected to alter climatic
extremes, a concept termed nonstationarity. Here we show that given nonstationarity, current IDF curves
can substantially underestimate precipitation extremes and thus, they may not be suitable for infrastructure
design in a changing climate. We show that a stationary climate assumption may lead to underestimation
of extreme precipitation by as much as 60%, which increases the flood risk and failure risk in infrastructure
systems. We then present a generalized framework for estimating nonstationary IDF curves and their
uncertainties using Bayesian inference. The methodology can potentially be integrated in future design
concepts. PMID:25403227

7.

Nonstationary Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Drainge Infrastructure Coping with

Climate Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Byung Sik; Jeung, Se Jin; Lee, Dong Seop; Han, Woo Suk
2015-04-01
As the abnormal rainfall condition has been more and more frequently happen and serious by climate
change and variabilities, the question whether the design of drainage system could be prepared with
abnormal rainfall condition or not has been on the rise. Usually, the drainage system has been designed
by rainfall I-D-F (Intensity-Duration-Frequency) curve with assumption that I-D-F curve is stationary. The
design approach of the drainage system has limitation not to consider the extreme rainfall condition of
which I-D-F curve is non-stationary by climate change and variabilities. Therefore, the assumption that the
I-D-F curve is stationary to design drainage system maybe not available in the climate change period,
because climate change has changed the characteristics of extremes rainfall event to be non-stationary. In
this paper, design rainfall by rainfall duration and non-stationary I-D-F curve are derived by the conditional
GEV distribution considering non-stationary of rainfall characteristics. Furthermore, the effect of designed
peak flow with increase of rainfall intensity was analyzed by distributed rainfall-runoff model, S-RAT(Spatial
Runoff Assessment Tool). Although there are some difference by rainfall duration, the traditional I-D-F
curves underestimates the extreme rainfall events for high-frequency rainfall condition. As a result, this
paper suggest that traditional I-D-F curves could not be suitable for the design of drainage system under
climate change condition. Keywords : Drainage system, Climate Change, non-stationary, I-D-F curves This
research was supported by a grant 'Development of multi-function debris flow control technique
considering extreme rainfall event' [NEMA-Natural-2014-74] from the Natural Hazard Mitigation Research
Group, National Emergency Management Agency of KOREA
8.

Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves at ungauged sites: risk management

under changing climate
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liew, San Chuin; Raghavan, Srivatsan V.; Liong, Shie-Yui
2014-12-01
The impact of a changing climate is already being felt on several hydrological systems both on a regional
and sub-regional scale of the globe. Southeast Asia is one of the regions strongly affected by climate
change. With climate change, one of the anticipated impacts is an increase in the intensity and frequency
of extreme rainfall which further increase the region's flood catastrophes, human casualties and economic
loss. Optimal mitigation measures can be undertaken only when stormwater systems are designed using
rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves derived from a long and good quality rainfall data.
Developing IDF curves for the future climate can be even more challenging especially for ungauged sites.
The current practice to derive current climate's IDF curves for ungauged sites is, for example, to `borrow'
or `interpolate' data from regions of climatologically similar characteristics. Recent measures to derive IDF
curves for present climate was performed by extracting rainfall data from a high spatial resolution Regional
Climate Model driven by ERA-40 reanalysis dataset. This approach has been demonstrated on an
ungauged site (Java, Indonesia) and the results were quite promising. In this paper, the authors extend the
application of the approach to other ungauged sites particularly in Peninsular Malaysia. The results of the

study undoubtedly have significance contribution in terms of local and regional hydrology (Malaysia and
Southeast Asian countries). The anticipated impacts of climate change especially increase in rainfall
intensity and its frequency appreciates the derivation of future IDF curves in this study. It also provides
policy makers better information on the adequacy of storm drainage design, for the current climate at the
ungauged sites, and the adequacy of the existing storm drainage to cope with the impacts of climate
change.
9.

Assessing Climate change Impacts to Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves over the

Florida Panhandle &Peninsula
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ghosh, D. K.; Wang, D.; Obeysekera, J.; Hagen, S. C.
2013-12-01
The type, amount, intensity and frequency of rainfall are being directly influenced and altered due to
potential climate changes. Consideration should be given to a revision of the rainfall intensity-durationfrequency (IDF) curve, developed based on the historical rainfall data, for storm water drainage design and
flood control facilities. Proper adaptation by quantifying the potential effects of climate changes is one of
the major ways to reduce vulnerability. As a result, updating IDF curves based on the future climate
condition is very important for managing the hydraulic structures. In this study, the climate change impact
to rainfall IDF curves over the Florida panhandle and peninsula are assessed using the COAPS Regional
Downscaling data from the Florida Climate Institute. The COAPS Land-Atmosphere Regional Ensemble
Climate Change Experiment for the Southeast United States at 10-km resolution consists of three regional
climate models (RCM) by downscaling the general circulation models: the Community Climate System
Model (CCSM), the Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3), and the Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory GCM (GFDL). The RCMs have been performed for the historical simulations (19691999) and the future projections (2038-2070) under the AR4 A2 emissions scenario. In this study, more
than 30-years of hourly precipitation data are gathered from 57 weather stations in Florida. The
performance of the RCMs is evaluated by comparing historical simulations with observations. The
parameters of generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions including location, scale, and shape
parameters are mapped for the period of 1969-1999 and 2038-2070. The spatial distribution map of
rainfall intensity under various durations and return periods will be presented. The response on the Florida
panhandle will be compared and contrasted with that of the larger peninsula. These maps will provide
insight that can lead to a useful engineering tool for designing the storm water drainage systems in the
State of Florida.

10.

Bayesian estimation of rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relationships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Van de Vyver, H.
2015-10-01
Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are one of the most commonly used tools in water
resources engineering. They give an idea of how return levels of extreme rainfall intensities vary with

duration over a range of return periods. It is assumed that the annual maximum intensity follows the
generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution. Conventional methods of estimating IDF relationships do not
provide estimates of uncertainty. We propose a Bayesian framework for handling uncertainties in IDF
models. Firstly, we collect annual maximum intensity data over a relevant range of rainfall durations.
Secondly, we define an approximate likelihood, the "independence" likelihood, in which the correlations
have been ignored between maximum intensity data of different durations. Finally, we apply Bayesian
inference to obtain the adjusted posterior, which accounts for likelihood misspecification. A comparison
with earlier methods, without any adjustment amongst others, shows that the adjusted posteriors are
considerably wider.
11.

A practical approach for the derivation of idf curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baltas, E.; Mimikou, M.
2003-04-01
The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves hold direct interest to all of the hydrological planning
problems, which concern flood mitigation works. The equation connecting the variables IDF is not
universal, but its mathematical expression varies between regions. A condition necessary for the
construction of the equation is that historical series of maximum rainfall intensities for different durations
are available. An application called IDFCALC, was developed in the programming environment of Delphi
4.0, compatible with the Windows operational system (Windows 98 - Windows NT). The application
environment is easy to use and consists of a main window, which contains all graphical tools that
contribute to the overview of the data about to be studied. The IDFCALC application identifies the step of
the time series, given as input and it automatically calculates all of the durations, for the full number of
hydrological years, along with estimating the maximum rain intensity for every combination of a
hydrological year with a duration. The durations utilized for the calculation of maximum intensities and
return periods, for which the corresponding IDF curves are to be estimated, are automatically recorded in
the panel of the application, thus providing the user with the ease of having a full view of the imported
data.

12.

Compound intensity/duration/frequency-relationships of extreme precipitation for two

seasons and two storm types
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Willems, P.
2000-06-01
Intensity/duration/frequency (IDF)-relationships of extreme precipitation are widely used for design of
stormwater facilities. As the properties of extreme precipitation may be very different for different storm
types and different seasons, IDF-relationships which permit decomposition into different components are
established. The different components refer to different storm types or to different seasons, depending on
the type of decomposition. The present study is based on the long raingauge record of 10-min
precipitation depths at Uccle/Ukkel (Belgium) for the period 1967-1993. Storms of two different types (type

a: airmass thunderstorms, and type b: cyclonic/frontal storms) are separated based on their distribution of
peak-over-threshold intensity. This is done for each duration (aggregation-level) in the range 10 min-15
days, using a two-component exponential distribution. The exponential decay parameters and the mixing
parameter for the two components are estimated as functions of the aggregation-level. Those functions
show scaling properties for the parameters. Different mixtures of storms of types a and b are also
estimated for summer and winter conditions. It brings new elements in our current understanding of what
determines the IDF curves and their scaling properties.
13.

Empirical rainfall thresholds and copula based IDF curves for shallow landslides and flash
floods
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bezak, Nejc; raj, Mojca; Brilly, Mitja; Miko, Matja
2015-04-01
Large mass movements, like deep-seated landslides or large debris flows, and flash floods can endanger
human lives and cause huge environmental and economic damage in hazard areas. The main objective of
the study was to investigate the characteristics of selected extreme rainfall events, which triggered
landslides and caused flash floods, in Slovenia in the last 25 years. Seven extreme events, which occurred
in Slovenia (Europe) in the last 25 years (1990-2014) and caused 17 casualties and about 500 million
Euros of economic loss, were analysed in this study. Post-event analyses showed that rainfall
characteristics triggering flash floods and landslides are different where landslides were triggered by
longer duration (up to one or few weeks) rainfall events and flash floods by short duration (few hours to
one or two days) rainfall events. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that inter-event time variable,
which is defined as the minimum duration of the period without rain between two consecutive rainfall
events, and sample definition methodology can have significant influence on the position of rainfall events
in the intensity-duration space, on the constructed intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves and on the
relationship between the empirical rainfall threshold curves and IDF curves constructed using copula
approach. The empirical rainfall threshold curves (ID curves) were also evaluated for the selected extreme
events. The results indicate that a combination of several empirical rainfall thresholds with appropriate high
density of rainfall measuring network can be used as part of the early warning system for initiation of
landslides and debris flows. However, different rainfall threshold curves should be used for lowland and
mountainous areas in Slovenia. Furthermore, the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship was
constructed using the Frank copula functions for 16 pluviographic meteorological stations in Slovenia using
the high resolution rainfall data with 5-minute time step where the data series ranged from 11 to 66 years.
Gumbel and Gamma distributions were selected to model annual maximums of rainfall intensities and
durations, respectively. Method of L-moments was used to estimate the marginal distributions parameters
and method of moments was chosen to estimate the Frank copula parameter. Comparison between ID
curves and IDF curves constructed using copula approach was also made.

14.

Model and parameter uncertainty in IDF relationships under climate change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chandra, Rupa; Saha, Ujjwal; Mujumdar, P. P.

2015-05-01
Quantifying distributional behavior of extreme events is crucial in hydrologic designs. Intensity Duration
Frequency (IDF) relationships are used extensively in engineering especially in urban hydrology, to obtain
return level of extreme rainfall event for a specified return period and duration. Major sources of
uncertainty in the IDF relationships are due to insufficient quantity and quality of data leading to parameter
uncertainty due to the distribution fitted to the data and uncertainty as a result of using multiple GCMs. It is
important to study these uncertainties and propagate them to future for accurate assessment of return
levels for future. The objective of this study is to quantify the uncertainties arising from parameters of the
distribution fitted to data and the multiple GCM models using Bayesian approach. Posterior distribution of
parameters is obtained from Bayes rule and the parameters are transformed to obtain return levels for a
specified return period. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method using Metropolis Hastings algorithm is
used to obtain the posterior distribution of parameters. Twenty six CMIP5 GCMs along with four RCP
scenarios are considered for studying the effects of climate change and to obtain projected IDF
relationships for the case study of Bangalore city in India. GCM uncertainty due to the use of multiple
GCMs is treated using Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) technique along with the parameter
uncertainty. Scale invariance theory is employed for obtaining short duration return levels from daily data.
It is observed that the uncertainty in short duration rainfall return levels is high when compared to the
longer durations. Further it is observed that parameter uncertainty is large compared to the model
uncertainty.
15.

An open source package for the IBA data format IDF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Barradas, N. P.
2014-08-01
Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) codes and laboratories implement various formats to store the spectral data and
to describe the experimental conditions and simulation or fit parameters. These various data formats are
isolated applications and generally incompatible - they are unable to "talk" to each other. The need for a
universal IBA data format (IDF) has been recognised for many years to allow easy transfer of data and
simulation parameters between codes, as well as between experimentalists and data analysts. A new
standard data format, IDF, which is transparent, universal, and includes the most common features
desired by both experimentalists who collect and archive data and by users who analyse the data was
previously presented. However, its actual implementation has been left to each individual software
developer, and the sheer size of the full IDF definition has prevented widespread implementation, with only
a few codes using the IDF. Open source software was now developed to implement the IDF, and made
available to the community in http://idf.schemas.itn.pt/ both as source code and as a DLL that every code
and lab can use to, finally, make data of different origins "talk" to each other. We report the main features
of the open source IDF package developed.

16.

Expressions

Combining TF-IDF Text Retrieval with an Inverted Index over Symbol Pairs in Math

E-print Network

Zanibbi, Richard
. Tangent uses a federated search over two indices: 1) a TF-IDF tex- tual search engine (Lucene), and 2
Information Retrieval (MIR), Federated Search, Inverted Index, TF-IDF 1. INTRODUCTION Math
expressions found
17.

An Information-Theoretic Perspective of Tf-idf Measures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Aizawa, Akiko
2003-01-01
Presents a mathematical definition of the probability-weighted amount of information (PWI), a measure of
term specificity in documents that is based on an information-theoretic view of retrieval events.
Corresponds with the term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) measures that are used in
information retrieval systems. (Author/LRW)

18.

AUTOMATIC MOOD CLASSIFICATION USING TF*IDF BASED ON LYRICS

E-print Network
Tilburg, Universiteit van
AUTOMATIC MOOD CLASSIFICATION USING TF*IDF BASED ON LYRICS Menno van Zaanen Tilburg
Center mood classification system. Using a collection of lyrics and corresponding user-tagged moods, we
build classifiers that classify lyrics of songs into moods. By comparing the performance of different mood

19.

Cutaneous microcirculation in preterm neonates: comparison between sidestream dark field

(SDF) and incident dark field (IDF) imaging.
PubMed
van Elteren, H A; Ince, C; Tibboel, D; Reiss, I K M; de Jonge, R C J
2015-10-01
Incident dark field imaging (IDF) is a new generation handheld microscope for bedside visualization and
quantification of microcirculatory alterations. IDF is the technical successor of sidestream dark field
imaging (SDF), currently the most used device for microcirculatory measurements. In (pre)term neonates
the reduced thickness of the skin allows non-invasive transcutaneous measurements. The goal of this
study was to compare the existing device (SDF) and its technical successor (IDF) in preterm neonates. We
hypothesized that IDF imaging produces higher quality images resulting in a higher vessel density. After
written informed consent was given by the parents, skin microcirculation was consecutively measured on
the inner upper arm with de SDF and IDF device. Images were exported and analyzed offline using
existing software (AVA 3.0). Vessel density and perfusion were calculated using the total vessel density
(TVD) proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) and perfused vessel density. The microcirculation images
quality score was used to evaluate the quality of the video images. In a heterogeneous group of twenty
preterm neonates (median GA 27.6 weeks, range 24-33.4) IDF imaging visualized 19.9% more vessels

resulting in a significantly higher vessel density (TVD 16.9 vs. 14.1/mm, p value < 0.001). The perfusion of
vessels could be determined more accurately in the IDF images, resulting in a significant lower PPV (88.7
vs. 93.9%, p value 0.002). The IDF video images scored optimal in a higher percentage compared to the
SDF video images. IDF imaging of the cutaneous microcirculation in preterm neonates resulted in a higher
vessel density and lower perfusion compared to the existing SDF device. PMID:26021740
20.

IDF Sagebrush Habitat Mitigation Project: FY2008 Compensation Area Monitoring Report
SciTech Connect
Durham, Robin E.; Sackschewsky, Michael R.
2008-09-01
This document provides a review and status of activities conducted in support of the CH2MHill Hanford
Group (CHG) Compensatory Mitigation Implementation Plan (MIP) for the Integrated Disposal Facility
(IDF). It includes time-zero monitoring results for planting activities conducted in December 2007, annual
survival monitoring for all planting years, a summary of artificial burrow observations, and
recommendations for the successful completion of DOE mitigation commitments for this project.