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Total Station is a device that can be used to measure slope distance, horizontal
angle and vertical angle and these can apply automatically trigonometric values
so that horizontal and vertical distances are determined.
Original name was Tachometer. Hawlett Packard introduced the name of Total
Station. Simply Total Station is a combination of Theodolite and EDM. i.e. Angle
measuring device and Linear measuring device respectively.
Classification of Total Station
a. Manual: - These make use of the same telescope for distance and angle
measurement to obtain the horizontal and vertical distances. They are
read optically and calculation for horizontal and vertical distances is made
with on board calculation with pocket calculator. E.g. Pentax PX10D
b. Semi-Automatic Total Station: - It contains a vertical angle sensor for the
automatic calculation of vertical and horizontal distances. Horizontal
angles are read optically.
c. Automatic Total Station: - With these instrument, horizontal angles and
vertical angles and slope distance are read electronically in internal
computer and it gives horizontal and vertical distances automatically.
# DATA LOGGER OR RECORDER
These are electronic field book which collects and stores distance, horizontal and
vertical angles from the Total Station. Calculation can be performed on the data
logger so that measurement can be verified in the field. E.g. Sokia SPR Range,
Leica GRE4 etc.
High Speed
Long range laser EDM
World-proved, time tested angle reading system
Highest protection against dust and water
Quick Operation
Easy data management
User Friendly
High angle accuracy
Can Storage maximum data
High battery backup
1. TRAVERSING
Traversing in survey is done to collect the details of unknown point.
STEPS:
A. Creating a new file
a. Press Esc until a default window appears on the screen. Click on
Menu button which is located at the right top corner. Menu helps
us to create a new file, delete a file, read a previously saved
data, transfer data from Total station to compute and vice versa.
b. A list appears on the screen
i. F1: Data collect
ii. F2: Layout
iii. F3: Memory Manager
Here F1, F2 and F3 denote the button to be pressed to perform
the given operation. For e.g. press F1 for data collect, press F2
for Layout and so on.
The symbol (P) denotes there is another page. Press F4 to
switch to another page.
c. Press F1 for data collect in order to carry out traversing. Then it
asks for "Select a file" select the job or a file, with the help of up
and down arrow, from which you want to use the co-ordinate
data. (Please note: Only 10 jobs i.e. job1~job10 can be
assigned). To input a new file press F1, and with the help of
Alphabet and number assign a new file. Only in case you have
already worked in the same field with different file name, then
you should select that particular file with the help of up and
down arrow.
d. Press F4 for enter:
e. A new file is created in the machine and a screen will return to
new display window.
i. F1: Occupation point input
ii. F2: Backsight
iii. F3: FS/SS (Foresight)
With all the steps mentioned above a new file is created and a
details of control points has been defined. A window will return
to the previous stage.
B. Backsight:
In Survey, Backsight is done to align the working space to the certain
grid. If we are working on site for a first time then we do not need to
align the site to any grid. But if we are working on a site which has
already been surveyed then we should not forget to backsight to the
known points. Otherwise the surveyed done will give us a huge error
that cannot be adjusted. For Backsight follow the following steps:
1. Press F2 for "Backsight"
2. Assign the details of the points with the following datas
a. Point no. : - It should always be in increasing order.
b. PCODE: - This is the description of the points.
c. R. HT.:- This is the height of the prism from the top of peg
to the center axis of prism.
d. Press F4 for "BS" and again F3 for "NE/AZ" and define
Northing and Easting of the known points.
e. Then focus the instrument to the prism and press F3
twice for Measure.
f. Once all this is done, the backsight is complete and it
returns to the previous window and a working space is
set to a certain grid.
C. Foresight:
Foresight in survey is done to collect the details of unknown points. i.e.
Northing, Easting and R.L. of the points. For foresight, follow the given
steps:
1. Press F3 for "FS/SS
2. Define
i.
2. LAYOUT
Layout in survey is done to fix the known data in the field. It can be done
in several ways but while doing from Total station Topcon- GOWIN, we have
follow the following steps
A. On the main window, select Menu. A list will appear on the screen
a. F1: Data collect
b. F2: Layout
c. F3: Memory Manager
Here F1, F2 and F3 denote the button to be pressed to perform
the given operation. For e.g. press F1 for data collect, press F2
for Layout and so on.
The symbol (P) denotes there is another page. Press F4 to
switch to another page.
B. Press "F2" for Layout. Press F1 for "Input" and give a new file name. A
new file is created in the machine and a screen will return to new
display window.
a. F1: Occupation point input
b. F2: Backsight
c. F3: Layout
Select F1 and define the details of instrument station or control point.
The details includes
a. Press F3 for NEZ and define Northing, Easting, and R.L. of the
instrument point.
b. Measure and input the height of instrument and press F4 for
Enter.
Now select F2 for backsight and define the details of known points. The
details includes
In the machine
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
In the Computer
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.