Perbandingan 5 pendekatan Metode Qualitatif

Tabel
Constrasting Characteristics of Five Qualitative Approaches
Characteristic

Narrative

Phenomenolog

Grounded

Research
Exploring the

y
Understanding

Theory
Developing

Describing

Developing

life of an

the essence of

a theory

and

an in-depth

individual

the experience

grounded in

intepreting a

description

data from

culture

and analysis

the field

sharing

of a case or

Focus

Ethnography

Case Study

Type of

Needing to

Needing to

Grounding

group
Describing

multiple case
Providing an

Problem Best

tell stories of

describe the

a theory in

and

in-depth

Suited for

individual

essence of a

the views of

intepreting

understanding

Design

experiences

lived

participants

the shared

of a case or

patterns of

cases

phenomenon

culture of a
Discipline

Drawing

Drawing from

Drawing

group
Drawing

Drawing

Background

from the

philosophy,

from

from

from

humanities

psychology,

sociology

anthropology

psychology,

including

and education

and

law, political

sociology

science,

anthropology,
literature,

medicine

history,
psychology,
Unit of

and sociology
Studying one

Studying

Studying a

Studying a

Studying an

Analysis

or more

several

process,

group that

event, a

individuals

individuals that

action, or

shares the

program, an

Characteristic
s

Narrative

have shared the

interaction

experience

involving

more than

many

one

Phenomenolog
y

sama culture

activity,

individuals
Grounded

Ethnography

individual
Case Study

Data

Research
Using

Using

Theory
Using

Using

Usisng

Collection

primarilily

primarilily

primarilily

primarilily

multiple

Forms

interviews

interviews with

interviews

observaation

sources, such

and

individuals,

with 20-60

s and

as interviews,

documents

although

individuals

interviews,

observations,

documents,

but perhaps

documents,

observations,

collecting

artifacts

and art may

other sources

also be

during

considered

extended

Data Analysis

Analyzing

Analyzing data

Analyzing

time in field
Analyzing

Analyzing

Strategies

data for

for significant

data

data through

data through

stories,

statements,

through

description

description of

restorying

meaning units,

open

of the

the case and

stories,

textural and

coding,

culture-

themes of the

developing

structural

axial

sharing

case as well

themes, often

description,

coding,

group;

as cross-case

using a

description of

selective

themes about

themes

Written

chronology
Developing a

the essence
Describing the

coding
Generating

the group
Describing

Developing a

Report

narrative

essence of

a theory

how a

detailed

about the

the experience

illustrated

culture-

analysis of

stories of an

in a figure

individuals

sharing

one or more

group works

cases

life
Characteristic

Narrative

s
General

Phenomenology

Grounded

Research

Structure of

Introductio

questions)
Research

Case Study

Theory

n (problem,

Study

Ethnography

Introduction

(problem,

questions)
Research

Introductio

n (problem,

questions)
Research

Introduction

Entry

vignette
Introduction

(problem,

questions)
Research

(problem,

procedures

procedures ( a

procedures

procedures

questions,

(a

phenomenolo

( grounded

( ethnography

case study,

narrative,

gy and

theory, data

, data

data

significance

philosophical

collection,

collection,

collection,

of

assumptions,

analysis,

analysis,

analysis,

individual,

data

data

collection,

collection,

analysis

analysis

outcomes)
Significant

outcomes)
Report of
stories
Individuals
theorize
about their
lives

(Adopted from
Denzim, 1989a,
1989b)

statements
Themes of

meanings
Exhaustive

outcomes)
Open

outcomes)
Description

Coding
Axial

of culture
Analysis of

coding
Selective
Coding and

description of
phenomenon

themes
Interpretation

theoretical

, lessons

proportions

learned,

and models
Discussion

question

Moustakes, 1994)

and contrast
with extent

case/cases
and its/their

context
Developmen

t of issues
Detail about
selected

raised

(Adopted from

outcome)
Description
of the

culture

of theory
(Adopted from

issues
Assertions
Closing
vignette

Wolcott, 1994b)

literature
(Adopted from
(Adopted from

Stake, 1995)

Strauss &
Corbin, 1990)