Operating System

Bilal Muhammad
08-0120
Section: A
Assignment No1
Date: 9-02-2010
 Operating System

What is Operating System?

The software that administers the allocation of the possessions of the central processing unit
and offers people who develop that program with a suitable interface used to get along with
those possessions is known as Operating System or simply OS.

Types of operating System

As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating systems. Below is
a basic list of the different types of operating systems and a few examples of operating systems
that fall into each of the categories

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

The GUI was first developed at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Douglas Engelbart, and a group
of other researchers. A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry out commands
such as opening files, deleting files, moving files, etc. and although many GUI Operating
Systems are operated by using a mouse, the keyboard can also be used by using
keyboard shortcuts or arrow keys.

Unlike a command line operating system like Unix or MS-DOS, GUI Operating Systems
are much easier for end-users to learn and use because commands do not need to be
known or memorized. Because of their ease of use, GUI Operating Systems have
become the dominant operating system used by end-users today.

System 7.x
Windows 98
Windows CE

Multi-user
When referring to a network, a multi-user system is a term commonly used to define a
computer capable of allowing multiple users to connect to a network.

When referring to a computer operating system, a multi-user system is a computer with

an operating system that supports multiple users at once and/or different times.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

FAST-NU Page 2
 Operating System

Multiprocessing
An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processor.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

Multitasking
An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at
the same time.

Unix
Windows 2000

Multithreading
Operating systems that allow different parts of software program to run concurrently.
Operating systems that would fall into this category are:

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

Following are the different types of operating systems available today.

Operating system Platform Developer

AIX / AIXL Various IBM
AmigaOS Amiga Commodore
BSD Various BSD
Caldera Linux Various SCO
Corel Linux Various Corel
Debian Linux` Various GNU
DUnix Various Digital
DYNIX/ptx Various IBM
HP-UX Various Hewlett Packard
IRIX Various SGI
Kondara Linux Various Kondara
Linux Various Linus Torvalds
MAC OS 8 Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 9 Apple Macintosh Apple

FAST-NU Page 3
 Operating System

MAC OS 10 Apple Macintosh Apple

MAC OS 8 X Apple Macintosh Apple
Mandrake Linux Various Mandrake
MINIX Various MINIX
MS-DOS 1.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 2.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 5.x IBM / PC Microsoft
MS-DOS 6.x IBM / PC Microsoft
NEXTSTEP Various Apple
OSF/1 Various OSF
QNX Various QNX
Red Hat Linux Various Red Hat
Slackware Linux Various Slackware
Sun Solaris Various Sun
SuSE Linux Various SuSE
System 1 Apple Macintosh Apple
System 2 Apple Macintosh Apple
System 3 Apple Macintosh Apple
System 4 Apple Macintosh Apple
System 5 Apple Macintosh Apple
System 6 Apple Macintosh Apple
System 7 Apple Macintosh Apple
System V Various System V
Tru64 Unix Various Digital
Vector Linux Various Vector Linux
Windows 2000 IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows 2003 IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows 3.X IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows 95 IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows 98 IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows CE PDA Microsoft
Windows NT IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows ME IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows Vista IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows XP IBM / PC Microsoft
Windows 7 IBM / PC Microsoft

FAST-NU Page 4
 Operating System

There many OS Developer in the world but they all are not so popular. The OS Developer which are
famous
1. Apple
2. Linux/Unix
3. Microsoft

Apple:
Apple Inc.

Founded Cupertino, California, United States as

Apple Computer, Inc.
Founder(s) Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Ronald
Wayne
Headquarter Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California, USA
s
Area served Worldwide
Industry Computer hardware · Computer
software Consumer electronics · Digital
distribution
Products Mac (Pro, Mini · iMac · MacBook, Air,
Pro · Xserve) iPhone, iPod ,Mac OS X
(Server · iPhone OS),
Website Apple.com

The Operating system Created by Apple Inc., Is known as Mac Operating System.

 Mac Operating System is the certified term for a series of graphical user line-based
operating systems created by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh line of computer systems.
 The Macintosh user experience is attributed with famous graphical user lines.

FAST-NU Page 5
 Operating System

 The actual form of Apple is later termed as the "Mac OS" was the essential and
unidentified system software first launched in the year 1984 with the innovative
Macintosh, generally regarded as the easy System software.
 Quartz's internal imaging model associates well with the Portable Document Format
(PDF) imaging model, building it simple to output PDF to numerous devices.
 PDF viewing is built in Mac Operating system.

Mac OS

Mac OS X Snow Leopard desktop

Company / Apple
developer
OS family UNIX
Working state Publicly released
Source model Closed source (with open source
components)
Latest stable 10.6.2  (November 9, 2009)
release
License Proprietary EULA
Website www.apple.com/macosx/

FAST-NU Page 6
 Operating System

Earlier Version of Mac Operating System:

 Earlier versions of the Mac OS were well-matched only with Motorola 68000-based
Macintoshes.
 As Apple established computers with PowerPC hardware, the Operating System was
updated to hold up this design.
 The early Macintosh operating system originally comprised of two pieces of
software, known as "System" and "Finder".
 System 7.5.1 was the first to incorporate the Mac OS logo and Mac OS 7.6 was the
first to be termed as "Mac OS".
 Mac OS X is based on the Mach kernel and is resultant from the Berkeley Software
Distribution (BSD) implementation of UNIX.
The Mac OS is separated into two groups of operating systems:
1. "Classic" Mac OS (1984-2001)
2. Mac OS X (2000-present)

"Classic" Mac OS (1984-2001)

 The "classic" Mac OS is featured by its total lack of a command line.
 It is a totally graphical operating system.
 The Macintosh initially utilized the Macintosh File System which is a plane file
system with only one level of folders.
 This was substituted by the Hierarchical File System which had a true index tree.
 Both file systems are or else well-suited.
 Moreover Intel-based Macintoshes cannot operate the Classic system or
applications, nor can PowerPC models that possess updated Mac OS 10.5 Leopard .

1. Mac System Software 1.0(.97)

2. Mac System Software 2.0
3. System Software 2.1
4. Mac System Software 3.0
5. Mac System Software 3.1
6. Mac System Software 3.2
7. Mac System Software 3.3
8. Mac System Software 3.4
9. Mac System Software 4.0
10. Mac System Software 4.1

FAST-NU Page 7
 Operating System

Mac OS X (2000-present)
 Mac OS X introduced Unix-style memory management and pre-emptive multitasking
to the Mac podium.
 The new memory management system permitted more programs to perform at
once and nearly reduced the opportunity of one program crashing the other.
 It is also regarded as the second Macintosh operating system to comprise a
command line although it is never seen except when the user starts on a terminal
emulator.
 Nonetheless, since these latest attributes put higher demands on system resources,
Mac OS X only formally supported the PowerPC G3 and newer processors, and at the
present has even higher necessities and later FireWire (10.4).
 Even then, it executes somewhat leisurely on older G3 systems for many reasons.
 As of 2005, every update to Mac OS X since the unique public beta has had the
uncharacteristic feature of being appreciably more receptive than the version it
substituted, the reverse to the development of most operating systems.
 Recently for more than three years Mac OS X has become quicker with every release
but sooner on the identical hardware.
 PowerPC created of Mac OS X comprise a compatibility stratum for operation of
older Mac applications, the Classic Environment.
 This operates a complete copy of the older Mac OS, version 9.1 or later, in a Mac OS
X course.
 Users of the original Mac OS usually updated to Mac OS X.
 By 2005, all users of systems became capable of running Mac OS X.
Following are the Versions which are release after 2000.

Version Codename Release Date Most Recent Version

Mac OS X Server Hera March 16, 1999 1.2v3 (October 27, 2000)
1.0
Public Beta Kodiak September 13, 2000
10.0 Cheetah March 24, 2001 10.0.4 (June 22, 2001)
10.1 Puma September 25, 2001 10.1.5 (June 6, 2002)
10.2 Jaguar August 24, 2002 10.2.8 (October 3, 2003)
10.3 Panther October 24, 2003 10.3.9 (April 15, 2005)
10.4 Tiger April 29, 2005 10.4.11 (November 14, 2007)
10.5 Leopard October 26, 2007 10.5.8 (August 5, 2009)
10.6 Snow Leopard August 28, 2009 10.6.2 (November 9, 2009)

FAST-NU Page 8
 Operating System

PowerPC Emulation
At the time of 68000 emulator development PowerPC hold up was difficult to
rationalize not only due to the emulation code itself but also the predictable wide
performance overhead of an emulated PowerPC architecture vs. a real PowerPC based
Mac. Soon Apple was no longer promoting 68000 based Macs and the offered installed
base started to rapidly disappear. In spite of the eventual excellent 68000 emulation
technology obtainable they proved never to be even a minor risk to genuine Macs due
to their belatedly entrance and irresponsibility even several years after the release of
much more convincing PowerPC based Macs.The PearPC emulator is competent of
emulating the PowerPC processors requisite by newer versions of the Mac OS (like Mac
OS X). Unfortunately, it is still in the near the beginning stages and, like many emulators,
be likely to perform much slower than a native operating system would. During the
transition from PowerPC to Intel processors, Apple comprehended the requirement to
integrate a PowerPC emulator into Mac OS X in order to defend its customers'
investments in software designed to operate on the PowerPC. Apple’s solution is an
emulator named Rosetta. Prior to the Rosetta, industry observers understood that any
PowerPC emulator running on an x86 processor would undergo a heavy performance
consequence.

FAST-NU Page 9
 Operating System

Linux:
Linux

OS family Unix-like
Working Current
state
Source Free and open source software
model
Latest stable Kernel 2.6.32.7
release
Latest Kernel 2.6.33-rc6
unstable
release
Supported IA-32, MIPS, x86-64, SPARC, DEC
platforms Alpha, Itanium, PowerPC, ARM,
m68k, PA-RISC, s390, SuperH,
M32R and more
Kernel type Monolithic
User land GNU and others
License Various including GNU General
Public License, BSD License, Apache
License, MIT License, and others
Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system.
 Linux is one of the most famous examples of complimentary software and open source
development which is characteristically all underlying source code can be freely
customized, utilized and dispersed by anyone.
 The Linux kernel was first introduced in the year 1991 on 17th September for the Intel
x86 PC design.

FAST-NU Page 10
 Operating System

 The kernel was amplified with system utilities and libraries from the GNU project to
produce a serviceable operating system, which led to an alternative term, GNU/Linux.
Linux is enclosed for different usability in Linux distributions, which have sometimes
customized kernel along with a diversity of other software packages tailored to different
necessities.
 It is utilized as an operating system for a broad diversity of computer hardware,
including supercomputers, desktop computers, video game systems, such as PlayStation
2, 3; several arcade games, and embedded devices, such as mobile phones and routers.
 In the year 1960s the Linux operating system was envisaged and implemented and in
the year 1970 it was first released.

Design
 Linux originates from its basic architecture well-known in UNIX during the 1970s and
1980s. Linux utilized a monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel, which manages
networking, process control, and peripheral and file system access.
 Device drivers are incorporated openly with the kernel.
 Much of Linux's higher-level functionality is offered by divided projects which line
with the kernel.
 The GNU user land is a vital part of most Linux systems, providing the shell and Unix
tools which performs basic operating system jobs.
 These devices graphical user lines can be located, generally running through the X
Window System.

User Interface
 Linux can be restricted by one or more of a text-based command line interface (CLI),
graphical user line through controls on the device itself.
 On desktop machines, GNOME, KDE, and Xfce are the most well-liked user
interfaces. Most famous user interfaces operate on top of the X Window System (X),
which facilitates network clearness, enabling graphical apps running on one machine
to be displayed and controlled from another.
 Linux systems generally offer a CLI of some sort through a shell, the conventional
way of interacting with UNIX systems.
 Linux distributions specialized for servers may utilize the CLI as their only interface,
and Linux machines can perform without an attached monitor.
 Such "headless systems" may be controlled by authority line through a procedure
such as SSH or telnet.
 Most low-level Linux components, including the GNU User land, utilize the CLI
completely.

FAST-NU Page 11
 Operating System

 The CLI is particularly suitable for automation of repetitive or belated tasks, and
offers very easy inter-process communication.
 Graphical terminal emulator programs can be utilized to access the CLI from a Linux
desktop.

Uses
 Linux is an extensively ported operating system.
 While the Linux kernel was initially created only for Intel 80386 microprocessors, it
presently operates on a more varied range of computer architectures than any other
operating system from the hand-held ARM-based iPAQ to the mainframe IBM
System z9, in devices ranging from supercomputers to mobile phones.
 Particular allocation exists for less mainstream architectures.
 The kernel also execute textures that were only ever planned to utilize a
manufacturer-created operating system, such as Macintosh computers, Video game
consoles, PDAs, portable music players, and Mobile phones.
 The main dissimilarity between Linux and many other famous modern operating
systems is that the Linux kernel and other components are complementary and
open source software.
 The most familiar complimentary software license, the GNU GPL, is utilized for the
Linux kernel and many of the components from the GNU project.
 Linux is generally obtainable complimentary of charge, several large corporations
have recognized business models that engross selling, supporting, and contributing
to Linux and free of charge software.
 These comprise Sun Microsystems, Dell, Novell, IBM, HP, and Red Hat.
 Most Linux distributions hold up dozens of programming languages.
 The most familiar collection of utilities for building both Linux applications and
operating system programs is established within the GNU toolchain, which
comprises the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and the GNU build system.
 Amongst others, GCC offers compilers for C, C++, Java, Ada and FORTRAN.
 Most also contain hold up for Perl, Ruby, Python and other dynamic languages.
 The two chief frameworks for developing graphical applications are those of GNOME
and KDE.
 These projects are based on the GTK+ and Qt widget toolkits, which can also be
utilized separately of the larger framework.
 Both support a wide multiplicity of languages.

FAST-NU Page 12
 Operating System

Microsoft:
Microsoft Windows is regarded as the name of quite a lot of ancestors of software operating
systems by Microsoft. It primarily launched an operating atmosphere termed as Windows in the
year 1985 November as append to MS-DOS in response to the increasing interest in graphical
user lines. Microsoft Windows finally took over the personal computer market of the world
surpassing earlier introduced Mac operating system.

Microsoft Corporation

Type Public
Founded Albuquerque, New Mexico (April 4,
1975)[1]
Founder(s) Bill Gates, Paul Allen
Headquarter Redmond, Washington, United States
s
Area served Worldwide
Industry Computer software ,Consumer electronics
Video game consoles
Products Windows, Microsoft Office
Microsoft Servers ,Windows Developer
Tools ,Microsoft Expression, Business
Software , Xbox 360 ,Windows Live
,Windows Mobile, Bing
Website Microsoft.com

There are two types of Operating System developed by Microsoft.

1. MS-DOS
2. Microsoft Windows

FAST-NU Page 13
 Operating System

MS-DOS:

MS-DOS

Company Microsoft Corporation

OS family DOS
Working state Discontinued/Historic
Source model Closed source
Initial release 1981
Latest stable release 8.0 / September 14, 2000
Available Multilanguage
language(s)
Available C, Pascal, QBasic, Batch,
programming Perl, etc.
languages(s)
Supported x86
platforms
Kernel type Monolithic kernel
Default user Command-line interface,
interface Text user interface
License Proprietary

Microsoft Disk operating system, MS-DOS is a non-graphical command line operating system
created for IBM compatible computers that was first introduced by Microsoft in August 1981
and was last updated in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released. Although the MS-DOS operating
system is not commonly used today, the command shell used through Microsoft Windows

FAST-NU Page 14
 Operating System

is.Unlike Microsoft Windows, which most users are familiar with today, MS-DOS requires the
user to type commands instead of using a mouse.

Microsoft Windows:

Microsoft Windows

Company Microsoft
OS family MS-DOS/Windows 9x-based,
Windows CE, Windows NT
Working state Publicly released
Source model Closed source / Shared source
Latest stable Windows 7, Windows Server
release 2008 R2
License MS-EULA
Website Official website

The software that administers the allocation of the possessions of the central processing unit
and offers people who develop that program with a suitable interface used to get along with
those possessions is known as Operating System (or simply OS).The operating system develops
the system information and the entry of user and acts in response by assigning and organizing
the jobs and interior system resources as the service to the users and the programs of the
system. At the base of the entire system software, the operating system carries out the basic
jobs like controlling and giving priority to the system requirements, assigning the memory,
making easy in networking calculating input and output equipments, and organizing file
systems. Microsoft has designed and marketed the Windows operating system as a collection of
several operating systems. Microsoft was the first to introduce the idea of an operating setting
which was named as Windows in November 1985 as an attachment to the MS-DOS in reply to
the increasing curiosity in Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows in the end
started to govern the world market of the personal computers, going far ahead of Mac OS,
which was predominating before its era. In the year 2004 at the Directions conference of IDC,
the Vice President Mr. Saxena had declared that Windows had more or less 90% of the total
customers of the operating system market.

FAST-NU Page 15
 Operating System

Types of Windows Operating Systems:

1. Windows 1.01

Windows 1.0 presents

incomplete multitasking of
the MS-DOS programs and
focuses on generating an
interfacial pattern, an
effecting replica and a
steady API for indigenous
programs for the next
generation.

2. Windows 2.03
Windows 2.0 permits functional
windows to overlie on one
another, dissimilar to Windows
1.0, which is capable just to
exhibit tiled windows. Windows
2.0 has also brought up
additional stylish keyboard-
shortcuts and the terms like
"Maximize", and "Minimize" as
opposite to "Zoom" and
"Iconize" in Windows 1.0.

FAST-NU Page 16
 Operating System

3. Windows 2.11
Before the year passed
after the production of
Windows 2.0,
Windows/286 2.1 and
Windows/386 2.1 were
made. These versions are
able to obtain the benefit
of the explicit features of
the Intel 80286 and Intel
80386 processors.

4. Windows 3.0
Windows 3.0 was the
3rd most important
production of
Microsoft Windows
which was released on
22nd May 1990. It
turned out to be the
1st broadly used
version of Windows.

5. Windows 3.1
6. Windows For Workgroups 3.1
Windows 3.1 (also known as Janus), had came up on March 18, 1992. This version
includes a TrueType inbuilt font system making the Windows a solemn desktop issuing

FAST-NU Page 17
 Operating System

platform for the 1st time. Windows 3.0 could have similar functionality with the use of
the Adobe Type Manager (ATM) font system from Adobe.

7. Windows NT 3.1

8. Windows For Workgroups 3.11

Microsoft's Windows NT line of server

and business desktop operating
systems had 1st released Windows NT.
Progress of it had started in November
1988 and was unconfined on July 27,
1993.

9. Windows 3.2
This is the 1st version of Windows NT having the names like Windows NT Server and
Windows NT Workstation for its versions.
10. Windows NT 3.5
11. Windows NT 3.51

FAST-NU Page 18
 Operating System

12. Windows 95

Windows 95 was planned to

amalgamate MS-DOS and
Windows goods and contain an
improved version of DOS.

13. Windows NT 4.0

14. Windows 98

Windows 98 is a
modernize version of
Windows 98. It was
released on May 5, 1999.

It solves many minor

issues, the substitute of
Internet Explorer 4.0 by
relative faster Internet
Explorer 5and better USB
support.

15. Windows 98 SE

FAST-NU Page 19
 Operating System

16. Windows 2000

Windows 2000 (also called Windows
Me) is an extension of the Windows
9x version, but with access to the
actual mode MS-DOS limited so as to
get a move for the system boot time.
It was one of the most revealed
alterations in Windows Me. Because
of some applications that require
actual mode DOS to run those could
not be made to run on Windows Me.

17. Windows Me

FAST-NU Page 20
 Operating System

18. Windows XP
Microsoft has developed Windows XP
is a line of operating systems for
applying on general functional
computer systems which includes
business and home desktops, media
centers and notebook computers.
Windows XP was released on 25th
October 2001.

19. Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003

20. Windows Server 2003

21. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition

22. Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs

FAST-NU Page 21
 Operating System

23. Windows Vista

After a world-wide
success of XP and its
service packs Microsoft
has designed and
created Windows Vista
the operating system for
use on personal
computers, including
business and home
desktops, Tablet PCs,
laptops and media
centers.

 It was first named as "Longhorn" but later on 22nd July 2005, the name was announced
as Windows Vista. The development of Vista was finished on 8th November, 2006. In
the next three months Vista was available in steps to computer software and hardware
manufacturers, retail counters, and business organizations.
 It was released globally on 30th January 2007, for the general public.

24. Windows Home Server

FAST-NU Page 22
 Operating System

25. Windows Server 2008

26. Windows 7

FAST-NU Page 23
 Operating System

Windows 7 is an operating
system, developed by the
global giant Microsoft, which
was released for public in
October 2009. An operating
system can be understood as
a software program designed
to facilitate the
communication between
computer hardware and
software. Without an
operating system, a
computer is useless.

Windows7 is simpler and easier to use compared to its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows
Vista cannot be considered as a very successful launch of Microsoft. Windows 7 has a 64-bit
along with the availability of 32-bit support which enables the users to use almost all the latest
PCs. Be it desktops, laptops, notebooks, or anything, Windows 7 supports them all.

Linux vs. Windows:

After discussing all types of OS I made a difference between windows and Linux.

Topic Linux Windows

Price The majority of Linux variants are
available for free or at a much lower
price than Microsoft Windows.
Ease Although the majority Linux variants
have improved dramatically in ease of
use, Windows is still much easier to use
for new computer users.
Reliability The majority of Linux variants and
versions are notoriously reliable and
can often run for months and years
without needing to be rebooted.
Microsoft Windows can run between
$50.00 - $150.00 US dollars per each
license copy.
Microsoft has made several
advancements and changes that have
made it a much easier to use
operating system, and although
arguably it may not be the easiest
operating system, it is still Easier than
Linux.
Although Microsoft Windows has
made great improvements in
reliability over the last few versions of
Windows, it still cannot match the

FAST-NU Page 24
 Operating System

reliability of Linux.
Software Linux has a large variety of available Because of the large amount of
software programs, utilities, and games. Microsoft Windows users, there is a
However, Windows has a much larger much larger selection of available
selection of available software. software programs, utilities, and
games for Windows.
Software Many of the available software Although Windows does have
Cost programs, utilities, and games available software programs, utilities, and
on Linux are freeware and/or open games for free, the majority of the
source. Even such complex programs programs will cost anywhere between
such as Gimp, Open Office, Star Office, $20.00 - $200.00+ US dollars per copy.
and wine are available for free or at a
low cost.
Hardware Linux companies and hardware Because of the amount of Microsoft
manufacturers have made great Windows users and the broader driver
advancements in hardware support for support, Windows has a much larger
Linux and today Linux will support most support for hardware devices and a
hardware devices. However, many good majority of hardware
companies still do not offer drivers or manufacturers will support their
support for their hardware in Linux. products in Microsoft Windows.
Security Linux is and has always been a very Although Microsoft has made great
secure operating system. Although it improvements over the years with
still can be attacked when compared to security on their operating system,
Windows, it much more secures. their operating system continues to be
the most vulnerable to viruses and
other attacks.
Open Many of the Linux variants and many Microsoft Windows is not open source
Source Linux programs are open source and and the majority of Windows
enable users to customize or modify programs are not open source.
the code however they wish to.
Support Although it may be more difficult to Microsoft Windows includes its own
find users familiar with all Linux help section, has vast amount of
variants, there are vast amounts of available online documentation and
available online documentation and help, as well as books on each of the
help, available books, and support versions of Windows.
available for Linux.

Command line And GUI:

After discussing MS-DOS and Microsoft windows I made following difference about command line and
Graphical User Interface.

FAST-NU Page 25
 Operating System
Topic Command line
Ease Because of the memorization and
familiarity needed to operate a
command line interface new users find
it much more difficult to successfully
navigate and operate a command line
interface.
Control Users have much more control of their
file system and operating system in a
command line interface. For example,
users can easily copy a specific type of
file from one location to another with a
one-line command.
Multitaskin Although many command line
g environments are capable of
multitasking they do not offer the same
ease and ability to view multiple things
at once on one screen.
Speed Because command line users only need
to use their keyboards to navigate a
command line interface and often only
need to execute a few lines to perform
a task an advanced command line
interface user would be able to get
something done faster than an advance
GUI user.
Low A computer that is only using the
resources command line takes a lot less of the
computers resources.
Scripting A command line interface enables a
user to easily script a sequence of
commands to perform a task or
execute a program.
Remote Often when accessing another
access computer or networking device over a
FAST-NU Page 26
GUI
Although new users may have a
difficult at time learning to use the
mouse to operate and use a GUI
most users pick up this interface
much easier when compared to a
command line interface.
Although a GUI offers plenty of
control of a file system and
operating system often advance
users or users who need to do
specific task may need to resort to a
command line to complete that
task.
GUI users have windows that enable
a user to easily view, control, and
manipulate multiple things at once
and are commonly much faster to
do when compared to a command
line.
A GUI may be easier to use because
of the mouse. However, using a
mouse and/or keyboard to navigate
and control your operating system
for many things is going to be much
slower than someone who is
working in a command line
environment.
A GUI will require a lot more system
resources because of each of the
elements that need to be loaded
such as icons, fonts, etc. In addition
video drivers, mouse drivers, and
other drivers that need to be loaded
will also take additional resources.
Although A GUI enables a user to
create shortcuts, tasks, or other
similar actions to complete a task or
run a program it doesn't even come
close in comparison to what is
available through a command line.
Although remote graphical access is
becoming popular and is possible.
 Operating System

network a user will only be able to Not all computers and especially not
manipulate the device and/or its files all network equipment will have this
using a command line, CLI, or other text ability.
only manipulation.

References:
 www.wikipidea.com
 http://www.computerhope.com
 http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Computers/computer-operating-systems.html
 images.google.com.pk
 www.google.com.pk
 Modern Operating System By tanenbum 3 rd edition.

FAST-NU Page 27