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Fizik
Kertas 1
SOLAF
2011
1

NAMA

TINGKATAN

1
jam
4

JABATAN PELAJARAN PERAK

______________________ _____________
SOLAF
SET 2
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011

FIZIK
Kertas 2
Dua jam 30 minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak

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The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning.
1.

a=

vu
t

v2 = u2 + 2as

20.

n=

21.

1 1 1

f
u v

1.
s = ut + 1 at2
2.
3.

Momentum = mv

real depth
apparent depth

22. Linear magnification, m = v

F = ma

4.
23.

5.

Kinetic energy = mv2

6.

Gravitational potential energy = mgh

7.

Elastic potential energy =

8.

Power, P = energy
time

9.

10.

Pressure, p =hg

11.

Pressure, p =

12.

Heat, Q = mc

13.

Heat, Q = m

24. v = f

1
Fx
2

m
V

F
A

V1 = V2

16.

17.
18.

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26.

Q = It

27.

E = VQ

29.

E = V + Ir

30.

Power, P = VI

31.

14.

T1

ax
D

25.

28. V = IR

P1V1 = P2V2

15.

P = 1/ f

NS
V
S
N P VP

32. Efficiency =

T2

33.

eV = mv2

P1 = P2

34.

E = mc2

T1

35.

T2

I S VS
x 100%
I PV P

g = 10 ms-2

PV
= constant
T

n=

sin i
sin r

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Section A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions

Diagram 1.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

Diagram 1.1
(a) (i) Name the liquid P used in the thermometer.
.................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the physical change in the liquid when the temperature increases.
.................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows two types of thermometers.

Diagram 1.2
(i)

Which thermometer is more sensitive ?

........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

State one reason for your answer in 1 (b) (i).

......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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Diagram 2 shows a car and a lorry which has different mass approaching a zebra crossing
with same velocity 15 m s-1.
.

Diagram 2
When the driver in the vehicles saw Siti walking across the zebra crossing, they applied the
brake at the same time until the vehicles came to a complete stop.
(a)

What is meant by mass ?

[1 mark]

(b)

(i)

Between the car and the lorry in Diagram 2.1, which first came to a complete
stop?

[1 mark]

(ii)

Give one reason for your answer in (b) (i).

[1 mark]

(c)

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If the lorry had traveled a distance of 375 m before it came to a stop, calculate the
deceleration when the brake was applied until it stop.
[2 marks]

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Diagram 3 shows the hydraulic pump which is used to lift a car in a workshop.

Diagram 3
(a)

(i)

Name the principle of physics used in the hydraulic pump above.

(ii)

_____________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one important characteristic of oil used in the pump.
_____________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b)

The pressure of compressed air at the oil surface is 5000 N m -2 and the cross-sectional
area of the piston is 2 m2.
(i)

What is the pressure of the oil in the cylinder?

(ii)

[1 mark]
What happened to the position of the piston if the car is replaced with a lorry of
bigger mass?
_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c)

State the necessary modification that can be done to the piston and the cylinder so that a
heavier load can be lifted.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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(d)

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Name another application for the principle of physics in (a)(i).
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show two type of blocks, R and S being heated 50 W immersion
heater for 6 minutes. Table 4 shows information related to metal blocks, R and S.

Diagram 4.1
Metal block
R
S

Mass/ kg
1.0
1.0

Diagram 4.2
Initial temperature/0C
28
28

Final temperature/0C
48
74

Table 4
(a)

What is mean by specific heat capacity?

[1 mark]

(b)

Calculate specific heat capacity for

(i) metal block R

(ii) metal block S

[3 marks]
(c)

Base on your answers in 4 (b), compare the specific heat capacity for metal block R and
metal Block S.

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...
[1 mark]

(d)

Base on the information in Table 4,

(i)

compare the rise in temperature of metal block R and metal block S.

...
[1 mark]

(ii) relate the rise in temperature to the specific heat capacity of the metal block.

[1 mark]
5

Diagram 5.1 shows the side view of two ripple tanks. When the motors are switched on, water
waves with the same frequency are produced.

Diagram 5.1
Diagram 5.2 shows the waves formed on the screens.

Diagram 5.2
(a)

What is the meaning of frequency?

..
[1 mark]

(b)

Observe Diagram 5.1 and 5.2.

(i)

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Compare the depths of the water in region X and Y.

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..
[1 mark]
(ii)

Compare the wavelengths of the waves in region X and Y.

..
[1 mark]

(iii)

Relate the depth of water to the wavelength of the waves.

..
[1 mark]

(iv) Name the wave phenomenon involved.

..
[1 mark]
(c)

Explain why the wave front of sea water will follow the shape of the shore when it
approaches the shore.

[3 marks]

Diagram 6.1 shows an image seen through a lens.

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Diagram 6.1

(a) Name the light phenomenon involved in Diagram 6.1

..........
.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) On Diagram 6.2 draw a ray diagram to show how the image in Diagram 6.1 is
formed.

Diagram 6.2

[3 marks]
(c) The focal length of the lens in Diagram 6.2 is f.
Referring to f, suggest a suitable position to place the object to produce an
inverted image
..............................................................................................................................
...........................

[1 mark]

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(d) An eyepiece of focal length fe = 5 cm and an objective lens are used to build a
simple astronomical telescope. The objective lens is chosen from Table 6.1.
Lens

Focal length of lens

fo (cm)

Magnification
m = fo
fe

Diameter of the
objective lens
(cm)

10

2.5

10

5.0

40

2.5

40

5.0
Table 6.1

(i)

Complete table 6.1 by writing down the values of m for every lens.

[2 marks]
(ii)

Choose the two lenses that produce the largest image.

..........................................................................................................
........................

[1 mark]
Diagram 7.1 shows a cloud chamber used to detect radioactive emission of a source.

Diagram 7.1
(a) What is the meaning of radioactive emission?
____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Draw the tracks in the cloud chamber if the radioactive source is
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(i) - particle

(ii) - particle

(iii) - particle

[3 marks]
(c) A doctor conducts an investigation on a patients kidney by injecting gamma ray source of
radioactive liquid into the blood circulation.
The half life of the radioactive source used is 8 days. A normal kidney can expel all the
radioactive substance in 20 minutes.

Diagram 7.2 shows the radioactivity of the patients kidneys changes with time.

Diagram 7.2
(i)

Based on Diagram 7.2, which kidney is not functioning properly?

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii)

Give one reason for your answer in (c)(i).

______________________________________________________________________

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[1 mark]

(iii)

Why is gamma ray source of radioactive substance more suitable to be used in this
case?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iv)

The half life of the radioactive source used must not be too short. Explain why.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(v)

The initial radioactivity of the substance is 9 x 10 5 counts per second. What is the
radioactivity of the substance after 32 days?

[2 marks]
8

(a) Diagram 8.1 shows a relay used in an electrical circuit.

Diagram 8.1
(i) What is the function of a relay?
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain what will happen when an electric current flow in the main circuit?
..
..
..
..
[2 marks]

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(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a circuit consists of an automatic switch using a relay to switch on a
street light at night.

Diagram 8.2
(i) Name the component labeled Q.
..

[1 mark]
(ii) State the main characteristic for component Q.
..

[1 mark]
(iii) Explain how the component Q light up the street light.
..

..

..

[3 marks]
(c) Diagram 8.3 shows a simple tsunami control system used to detect an earthquake and
eruption volcano at the sea bed which will produced tsunami.

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Diagram 8.3
The circuit consists of vibration sensor, V, and water temperature sensor, T, at the sea bed.
The vibration and increase in temperature detected will produced signals which will be sent
to a logic gate and then to the tsunami operation detector room through the transmitter.
Keys ;
Vibration sensor, V

With vibration

Logic 1

Vibration sensor, V

Without vibration

Logic 0

Water temperature sensor, T :

High temperature

Logic 1

Water temperature sensor, T :

Low temperature

Logic 0

Output S

Radar is activated

Logic 1

Output S

Radar is deactivated

Logic 0

Tsunami will occur when there is a vibration or change of high temperature at the sea bed.
Table 8 is a truth table which shows the operation of the logic gate in the tsunami control
system.
V
0
0
1
1

T
0
1
0
1
Table 8

(i) Using the keys given, complete Table 8.

[2 marks]
(ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 8.3.
..

[1 mark]
(iii) In the space below, draw the logic gate symbol in 8 c(ii).
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[1 mark]
Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one question
9.

(a) Diagram 9.1 shows two identical feeding bottles floating in liquid P and liquid Q
respectively. The feeding bottle floats because the net force acting on the bottle is zero.

Diagram 9.1
(i)

What is the meaning of net force?

[1 mark]

(ii)

Using Diagram 9.1 compare the position of the bottles in liquid P and liquid Q.
Compare also the weights and the buoyant forces that are acting on the bottles in
liquid P and liquid Q. Compare the density of liquid P and liquid Q.
Relate the position of the bottle and the density of liquid to deduce a relevant physics
concept.

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[5 marks]
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(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a simple hydraulic jack.

Diagram 9.2
Explain how load M can be lifted and give a reason why the cross sectional area of piston A is
smaller than the cross sectional area of piston B.

[4 marks]

(c) The simple hydraulic jack in Diagram 9.2 is not suitable to use to lift a car in a workshop.
Using suitable physics concepts, explain the required modification that need to be done to
enable the machine to lift a car easily in a workshop. You can emphazise on the following
aspects in your modification;
(i)

method so that only small force is applied at piston A

(ii)

component to control flow of liquid in the hydraulic jack

(iii)

component in the hydraulic jack to lowered the car

(iv)

Size of pistons

(v)

Type of liquid used

[10 marks]

10. Diagram 10.1 shows a transformer.

Diagram 10.1
(a)(i)
marks]
(ii)

State the principle used in a transformer.

[1

What is the function of a transformer ?

[1

marks]

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(iii) Explain the working principle of a transformer.

[4

marks]
(b)

The national grid network is used to transmit electrical energy from

power stations to
consumers through a network of high voltage cables.
(i) Explain why the higher voltage is transmitted through the electric in the
national grid
network.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain two advantages of the national grid network in distributing
electrical energy to
users.

[2 marks]

(c) From diagram 10.1,

(i) Explain the modification that needs to be done on the transformer so that
it can step down
the mains voltage of 240V to 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V or 7V. Suggest three
ways to increase the efficiency of the transformer.

[6

marks]
(ii) 120 kW of electrical power is to be transmitted by cables which have a
total resistance of 5. Calculate the power loss due to heating of the
cables if the power is transmitted at a voltage of 200kW.
[4 marks]

Section C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question
11

Diagram 11.1 shows a submarine floating still on the sea surface.

The weight of the submarine is equal to the buoyant force acting on the submarine.

Diagram 11.1
(a)

What is meant by buoyant force ?

[1 mark]

(b)

The submarine is able to submerge in the sea.

Explain how a submarine on the sea surface submerges and float still on the sea
surface.

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[4 marks]
(c)

Diagram 11.2 shows a ship sails on the sea surface.

The ship carries passengers and cargo.

Diagram 11.2
Table 11.2 shows the specifications of four watercraft, P , Q , R and S that can be used to
carry passengers as well as cargo at high speed.
Watercraft
P
Q
R
S

Horizontal cross
section
Front side broad and
pointed
Front side narrow and
pointed
Front side broad and
flat
Front side narrow and
flat

Hull material

Hull ability

Engine fuel

Wood

Aerodynamic

Petrol

Aluminium

Hydrodynamic

Diesel

Steel

Hydrodynamic

Petrol

Fibre glass

Aerodynamic

Diesel

Table 11.2
You are required to determine the most suitable watercraft.
Study the specifications all of the four water craft based on the following aspects.
-

The horizontal cross-section

Material used for the hull

Hull ability

Engines fuel
[10 marks]

(d) A boat has safety limit M as shown on diagram below. The volume under the M Level is 4
m3. The mass of the boat is 200 kg.

Boat
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Calculate
(i)

The weight of the boat without load.

(ii)

The maximum additional mass on the boat.

[5 marks]

12

Diagram 12.1 shows an audio frequency generator connected to a speaker and placed near the
corner of a wall. Three students , A ,B and C are standing around the next corner.
The generator and speaker can produce sound with the same speed but different pitch.

Diagram 12.1
a) State the physical quantity that affects the pitch of the sound.
[1 mark]
b) When a high pitch sound is generated, only student C can hear the sound
clearly.

Explain this situation.

[4 marks]

c) Diagram 12.2 shows a radar system at an airport. Signals are transmitted from the radar
system to determine the position of an aeroplane.

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Diagram
12.2
Table 12.3 shows the specifications of four radar systems , K , L , M and N , that can be used
to determine the position of an aeroplane.

Radar system

10

12

Distance of the signal receiver

from the centre of the parabolic
disc

Same as
focal length

Less than
focal length

Same as
focal length

Less than
focal length

Types of wave transmitted

Microwave

Microwave

Radio wave

Radio wave

Height of the parabolic disc from

the ground

High

Low

Low

High

Diameter of the parabolic disc /m

Table 12.3
You are required to determine the most suitable radar system. Study the specifications of all
the four radar systems based on the following aspects :

The
The
The
The

diameter of the parabolic disc

distance of the signal receiver from the centre of the parabolic disc
types of waves transmitted
height of the parabolic disc from the ground

Explain the suitability of the aspects.

[10 marks]
d) The depth of a sea is 90 m . A ship transmits an ultrasonic wave of frequency
50 kHz to the seabed and receives an echo 0.12 s later.
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Calculate :
i)
ii)

the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water

the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the water

[5 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

SOLAF 3 Paper 2
Marking Scheme

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Section A

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1

(a)

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(i) Mercury

1m

(ii) Expansion / increase in volume

1m

(b) (i) Thermometer X

1m

(ii) The smallest division is smaller // able to detect the smaller /smallest
change
TOTAL
2

(a)

1m

(c)

1m

Mass // Inertia is smaller

TOTAL
(a)

(c)

1m
1m
5m
1m

(ii) Oil cannot be compressed

1m
1m

(ii) move downward

1m

increase diameter of the piston / use thicker wall cylinder

1m

(d) hydraulic brake

1m
TOTAL

6m

Amount of heat required to increase the temperature by 10C for a mass of 1 kg

substance
(b) (i) Pt mc
18 000 1 c 20
c 900 Jkg-10C-1
(ii) 18 000 1 c 46
c 391 Jkg-10C-1
(c) Specific heat capacity of R bigger than S.

1m

(d) (i) The rise in temperature of metal R is smaller than S.

1m

(a)

(ii) The rise in temperature is smaller when the specific heat capacity is bigger.
TOTAL
5

1m

(i) Pascal principle

(b) (i) 5 000 N

4m

Quantity matters in a material //An object at rest tends to remain at rest // an

object in motion tends to stay in motion
(b) The car

(d) v2 = u2 + 2as
02 = 152 + 2a(375)
a = 0.3 ms -2
3

1m

(a)

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Frequency is the number of complete oscillations per unit time.

23

1m
1m
1m
1m

1m
7m
1m
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(b) (i) The depth of water in region X is greater than in region Y.

(c)

(a)

1m

(ii) The wavelength of the waves in region X is longer than that in region Y.

1m

(iii) The deeper the water is, the longer the wavelength will be.

1m

(iv) Refraction of waves

1m

1. In the ocean, wave fronts are straight and parallel as the wave speed is
uniform.
2. When a wave moves towards the shore, the depth of the sea water decreases,
the velocity of the wave decreases.
3. Refraction occurs and the sea water waves are refracted towards the normal.
This causes wave fronts of the sea water to follow the shape of the shore.
TOTAL

1m

8m

Refraction

1m

(b)

(c)

1m

3m

The object should be placed at the position with the object distance > f.

(d) (i)
Lens

1m
2m

Focal length of lens,

fo (cm)

Magnification,
fo
m=
fe

P
10
2
Q
10
2
R
40
8
S
40
8
(ii) Lens R and lens S produce the largest image.

1m

Diameter of the
objective lens
(cm)
2.5
5.0
2.5
5.0
1m
TOTAL

8m

The emission of an energetic particle or photon during the random and

spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus to a more stable nucleus.
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

1m

(a)

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3m

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(c)

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(i) Left kidney

1m

(ii) Activity of the I-131 radioisotope still can be detected // does not fall after
20 minutes
(iii) Has high penetrating power, can be detected easily

1m

(iv) To make sure that has high enough activity in the kidneys to be detected.

1m

1m

32days

(v) Number of T 1 = 8days

2
= 4
900 000g
450 000g
(a)

225 000g

112 500g

(i) As an automatic switch to switch on the second circuit

(ii) Relay coil will be an electromagnet

attracts soft iron armature
second circuit will be operated
(b) (i) LDR

(c)

56250 g
Total

1m
1m
10m
1m
2m

(max 2)
1m

(ii) The resistance of LDR is low when there is light // vice versa

1m

(iii) At night, resistance Q is higher

VQ higher > Vbe of battery
Ib increase, Ic increase
Relay is switch on
(i)
V
T
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
(ii) OR Gate

3m

S
0
1
1
1

2m

1m

(iii)

1m

TOTAL

12m

Section B
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9

10

(a)

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(i) Sum of two or more forces to produce one resultant force.

1m

(ii) Bottle in liquid Q floats lower

Weight and the buoyant force are equal and the same in both cases.
Density of liquid P is higher.
As the density of liquid decreases, the lower the bottle floats.
When density of liquid decreases the volume of liquid displaced increases
to produce the same buoyant force.
(b) When force is applied to piston A
Pressure is produced and transmitted uniformly throughout the liquid towards
piston B // Pascals Principle
Pressure multiply by the surface area of piston B will produce the output force
that lift load M.
Cross-sectional area of piston A is smaller than piston B to produce large output
force.
(c)
Suggestions
Reasons
Fix a long handle on piston A Small force can produce bigger
force /torque to press piston A
Equip the hydraulic jack
Liquid can flow in one
with valves
direction and does not back
flow
Use released valves
Liquid flows back to the storage
Reservoir
Piston A is made smaller //
To produce large output force.
piston B bigger.
Oil as liquid
Does not evaporate easily // does not
flow out easily // prevent from rust.
TOTAL

20m

(a)

(i) Electromagnetic induction.

1m

(ii) Transformer is used to increase or decrease an alternating voltage.

1m

(iii) When ac current flows in the primary coil, changes of current produces a
change in magnetic field line.
The magnetic field lines cut through the secondary coil.
emf induced in the secondary coil.
(b) (i) Current that flows in the electric cables is reduced to a very low value.
Power loss in the cable is reduced.
(ii) To ensure continuous delivery of power.
Power can be controlled and distributed according to the demand.
(c) (i) The secondary coil can be tapped at different points to give a different
output voltage.
By using thicker wires made of a good conductor.
Winding the secondary coil on top of the primary coil.
Using a laminated core. It is made up of a number of thin iron sheets glued
together with thin layers of insulation between them.

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1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m

2m
2m
2m
2m
2m

2m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
2m
1m
1m
2m

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1m

120 10 3
200 10 3
= 0.60 A
Power loss, P = 0.602 x 5
= 1.8 W

(ii) I =

1m
1m
1m
TOTAL

20m

Section C
11

(a)

1m

TOTAL
12

1m
1m
1m
1m
2m
2m
2m
2m
2m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
20m

(a)

Frequency

1m

(b)

High pitch has high frequency/Low pitch has low frequency

Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength
High pitch sound has short wavelength , less diffraction
Low pitch easily diffracted.

1m
1m
1m
1m

(c)

(d)

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Characteristics
Parabolic disc should
have a large diameter
Distance of signal receiver from
centre of the disc must be same as
focal length
waves used are microwaves

Reason
So that it can receive more signal

The position of the parabolic

disc must be high
The most suitable is K

(i)

2m

Signals are focused to the

receivers

2m

High frequency high energy.

2m

Signal is not blocked

2m

Large diameter , distance of

signal receiver from the centre is
the same as the focal length,
transmit microwave, high
position.

2m

3m

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2s
t
2 X 90

0.12
1500ms 1

(ii) wavelength =

1m

1500
50 X 1000

= 0.03 m
TOTAL

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1m
20m

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