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uninterrupted
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V (comfort),f
(flicker),pf (I inc.)
Safety mcb
cheap
Voltage-Pressure Analogy
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L = 10Km
I = 1A
G
GS
200V
1KW
L
O
A
D
3 Basic Elements R ,L , C
L& C are energy storage elements
R is Energy dissipating element
Let us assume
Ohms Law
R = 10 /km
Req = 100
I = 1A
P = V * I (W) or (VA)
V = I*R (V)
P (loss) = I2 * Req (W) or (VA) = 100W or VA
Transformer
Nichola Tesla
Step up
Step down
Generation
Station
110V
Step up
transformer
LV/HV
LT/HT
110V/11KV
Transmission of
Electric power
over
long distance
Step down
transformer
HV/LV
HT/LT
11KV/110V
Distribution of
power
to
the customers
Example
Sending end
110V
Step up
transformer
Receiving end
11KV
11KV
Step down
transformer
110V / 11KV
11KV / 110V
10KVA
10KVA
110V
Input side:
Output side:
Input side:
Output side:
P=V*I
P=V*I
P=V*I
P=V*I
10K = 110 * I
10K = 11K * I
10K = 11K * I
10K = 110 * I
I = 90.9 A
I = 0.909 A
I = 0.909 A
I = 90.9A
Rated V = 230V
Heater
Induction
cookware
Laptop
charger
I = P/V
P = 1400W I = 6.08A
P = 1200W I = 5.2A
P = 65W
I = 0.282A
Mobile P = 4.25W
charger
I = 0.018A = 18mA
Pipe
flowrate in liters/min
Electric conductor
coulombs/sec = amperes
I = q/t (C/S)
Current on 11 KV side
P = V*I
I = P/V
I = 500KVA/11KV
I = 45.45A
Conductors
on
11KV
Conductors
on
433 V
The size and materials used for constructing the transmission tower is
rapidly reduced.
As a result we can save lot of money
Ex:
Case(i):
I = 10A Req = 100 ohm
P (loss) = I2 * Req (W)
P (loss) = 100 * 100 = 10KW
War of currents
Thomas Edison
Nikola Tesla
George Westinghouse
L
I
G
L
O
A
D
Light intensity
Electric Field
intensity
Magnetic Field
intensity
Unit..?
Unit..?
Capacitor element which store
energy in the form of electric field
Whenever voltage is present
electric field
Voltage is responsible for creating
electric field
Upper plate
Lower plate
Breakdown Strength of air = 30KV/cm
(V/m) E
1000 KV
Transmission line
1000 KV
Transmission line
Text book
NPTEL videos
available
Transmission And
Distribution
U.A.Bakshi, M.V.Bakshi
Introduction to FACTS
INTRODUCTION
Transmission tower
Transmission Tower
Single line
diagram
representation