REACTOR DES

DATA:
For Catalyst: (UOP I8 Grey Extrudate, 1/16" by 3/16")
voidage
=
0.3
packing density =
24.96 lb/ft3
,

Obaid ur Rehman:
where did you get this?

For Feed:
Flow
=
LHSV(1 - 2) =
Flow =

400

12500 bpd
1.5 1/hr
12500 bbl
day

42 gal
1 bbl

Obaid ur Rehman:
ft3/hr

Flow = 2924.0743216148 ft3/day

Volume of Catalyst=

Flow rate
LHSV

Volume of Catalyst=

2924.0743
1.5

1
7.481

Volume of Catalyst= 1949.38 ft3

Weight of Catalyst =

Volume of Catalyst * packing density

Weight of Catalyst =

48656.6 lb

Dimensions:
L/D
=
Volume of Catalyst=
Dia
=
Length(z)
=
Dimensions Taken:

Dia
Length(z)

=
=

5
1949.38 ft3
6.28367 ft
31.4184 ft

7 ft
35 ft

1.91575
9.57877

(Including allowance for top and bottom, 6" each)

REACTOR DESIGN

kg/m3

Obaid ur Rehman:
where did you get this?

ft3
gal

Rehman:

density

m
m

1 day
24 hr

om, 6" each)

REACTOR DESIGN

METHOD 2: This method is based on kinetics developed using Langmuir-Hinshel

in the book Elements of Chemical Reaction Engin
Basic Rate Equation:
-r'n

kPn
1+KnPn+KP

subscript 'n' represent Normal paraffin and subscript 'I' represent isomers

General Reaction:
Normal Paraffin

Iso-Paraffin

Design Equation:

dx
-r'n

W= FNO
Obaid ur Rehman:
Content
refrence for values of k,
kn,
ki?

n-Butane

k
Kn
K
Mole Fraction
Conversion
Molar Flow(kgmole/hr)

8.5
1.12
13
0.023
0.5
25

Operating Parameters:
Temperature(T)
Pressure(P)
Molar flow

Pn
Pi

=
=

n-Pentane
7.9
1.2
11
0.28
0.75
310

430 K
3200 kPa
1100 Kgmole/hr

P*(1-X)*y
P*X*y

Now the weight of catalyst will be calculated for Butane, Pantane, Hexane and Heptane Using Polymat
Following is the programming used in Polymath

For Butane:

For Pentane:

d(w) / d(x) = Fto/(-rt)

d(w) / d(x) = Fto/(-rt)

w(0) = 0
Fto=1100 #kmol/hr
rt=-k*Pn/(1+Kn*Pn+Ki*Pi)
rate=-rt
k=8.5
Kn=1.12
Ki=13
Po=32 #atm
Pno=0.023*Po
Pn=Pno*(1-x)
Pi=Pno*x
x(0) = 0
x(f) = 0.5

= 520

Total W =

= 1122

4562 kg
10036.4 lb

Volume =

Weight
Packing Density

Packing density
Volume

w(0) = 0
Fto=1100 #kmol/hr
rt=-k*Pn/(1+Kn*Pn+Ki*Pi)
rate=-rt
k=7.9
Kn=1.2
Ki=11
Po=32 #atm
Pno=0.28*Po
Pn=Pno*(1-x)
Pi=Pno*x
x(0) = 0
x(f) = 0.75

11.405 m3
402.45453056 ft3

400 kg/m3

R DESIGN

ing Langmuir-Hinshelwood method, presented

emical Reaction Engineering by Scott Fogler

represent isomers

n-Hexane

n-Heptane

6.7
1.6
9
0.11
0.765
112

5.5
1.75
8
0.026
0.92
29

and Heptane Using Polymath

For Hexane

For Heptane

d(w) / d(x) = Fto/(-rt)

d(w) / d(x) = Fto/(-rt)

w(0) = 0
Fto=1100 #kmol/hr
rt=-k*Pn/(1+Kn*Pn+Ki*Pi)
rate=-rt
k=6.7
Kn=1.6
Ki=9
Po=32 #atm
Pno=0.11*Po
Pn=Pno*(1-x)
Pi=Pno*x
x(0) = 0
x(f) = 0.77

= 1305

w(0) = 0
Fto=1100 #kmol/hr
rt=-k*Pn/(1+Kn*Pn+Ki*Pi)
rate=-rt
k=5.5
Kn=1.75
Ki=8
Po=32 #atm
Pno=0.026*Po
Pn=Pno*(1-x)
Pi=Pno*x
x(0) = 0
x(f) = 0.92

W = 1615

REACTOR DESIGN
Method 3:
This method is based on the kinetic equation developed by (Bagajewicz, 2007)
General Reaction:
Normal Paraffin

Iso-Paraffin

Design Equation:

W= FNO

dx
-r'n

For n-Butane:

(Bagajewicz, 2007, pg 22)

This is solved in PolyMAth

The code Used in POlyMAth
d(w) / d(X) = Fto/(-rt)
w(0) = 0
Fto=1100 #kmol/hr
rt= -K14*(Pnc4)+K24*(Pic4)
rate=-rt
Po=32 #atm
Pno=0.023*Po
Pnc4=Pno*(1-X)
Pic4=Pno*X

K14=A14*exp(-E14/(R*T))
K24=A24*exp(-E24/(R*T))
A14=3953058
A24=25140735
E14=58615
E24=66989
R=8.314
T=453.15
X(0) = 0
X(f) = 0.5

Weight = 2480 kg
For Pentane:
Rate equation for Pentane

(Bagajewicz, 2007, pg 22)

(Bagajewicz, 2007, pg 23)

Solved Using PolyMath, Following is the code

, 2007, pg 22)
, 2007, pg 23)

DATA:
For Catalyst: (UOP I8 Grey Extrudate, 1/16" by 3/16")
voidage =
0.3
packing density =
24.96 lb/ft3
Dia =
0.0104166667 ft

For Reactor:
L/D
=
Volume of Catalyst=
Dia
=
Length(z) =
Area(Ac)
=

5 (Trial)
1949.38288 ft3
7 ft
35 ft
38.4993 ft2

For Feed:
Density
=
Molecular Mass =
Inlet Molar Flow =

8.01 lb/ft3
61.1839602
2438.70661 lbmole/hr

Pressure
=
Temperature =
Viscosity =
Mass Flow(m) =
Mass Flux(G)
=

450 lb/in2
300 F
2.52E-01 cp
1.49E+05 lb/hr
Mass Flow
=
Area

Bo

Bo

2.134146341
10.67073171
3.578533983

64800
148.8888889
=
3.875E+03

3.74E+01 lb
ft3

0.0176 atm/ft
Satisfactory..!

y=P/Po =

0.96

18.16111 psi

Pressure Drop
Reactor R-100
ERGUN EQUATION:
400 kg/m3

where P = pressure, Ib/ft

=
m
m
m

lb/ft2
=
C
6.101E-01 lb/ft.h

30.6122 atm

lb/ft2/hr

1 ft2
144 in2

5.88 kPa/m

1 atm
14.7 psi

gc =
32.174 Ibm' ft/s2
gc =
(recall that for the metric
Dp = diameter of particle
= viscosity of gas pass
z = length down the pac
u = superficial velocity =
p = gas density, Ib/ft3
G= pu = superficial mas

ERGUN EQUATION:

where P = pressure, Ib/ft2

porosity =
vol. of void
vol. of bed
gc =
32.174 Ibm' ft/s2 lbf ( conversion factor)
4.17E+08 lbm.ft/h2 lbf
recall that for the metric system gc = 1.0)
Dp = diameter of particle in the bed, ft
= viscosity of gas passing through the bed, Ibm/ft h
= length down the packed bed of pipe, ft
u = superficial velocity = volumetric flow / cross-sectional area of pipe, ftlh
p = gas density, Ib/ft3
G= pu = superficial mass velocity, (g/cm2. s) or (lbm/ft2 . h)

Pressure
Reactor R
DATA:
For Catalyst: (UOP I8 Grey Extrudate, 1/16" by 3/16")
voidage =
0.3
packing density =
24.96 lb/ft3
Dia =
0.0104166667 ft

For Reactor:
L/D
=
Volume of Catalyst=
Dia
=
Length(z)
=
Area(Ac)
=

5 (Trial)
1949.38288 ft3
7 ft
35 ft
38.4993 ft2

For Feed:
Density
=
Molecular Mass =
Inlet Molar Flow =

10.6427505 lb/ft3
65.0
2296.54302 lbmole/hr

Pressure
=
Temperature =
Viscosity =
Mass Flow(m) =
Mass Flux(G)
=

432 lb/in2
290 F
2.52E-01 cp
1.49E+05 lb/hr
Mass Flow
=
Area

Bo

Bo

400

2.13414634 m
10.6707317 m
3.57853398 m

62184.7998 lb/ft2
143.333333 C
=
6.10E-01
3.88E+03 lb/ft2/hr

2.81E+01 lb
ft3

0.0133 atm/ft
Satisfactory..!

1
144

4.42

y=P/Po =

0.97

13.6689 psi

Pressure Drop
Reactor R-101
ERGUN EQUATION:
kg/m3

where P = pressure, Ib/ft2

= porosity =

29.3768 atm

lb/ft.h

ft2
in2
kPa/m

1 atm
14.7 psi

gc =
32.174 Ibm' ft/s2 lbf ( conver
gc =
4.17E+08
(recall that for the metric system gc =
Dp = diameter of particle in the bed,
= viscosity of gas passing through
z = length down the packed bed of pi
u = superficial velocity = volumetric
p = gas density, Ib/ft3
G= pu = superficial mass velocity, (g

sure, Ib/ft2
vol. of void
vol. of bed
Ibm' ft/s2 lbf ( conversion factor)
lbm.ft/h2 lbf
the metric system gc = 1.0)
of particle in the bed, ft
of gas passing through the bed, Ibm/ft h
n the packed bed of pipe, ft
velocity = volumetric flow / cross-sectional area of pipe, ftlh

ficial mass velocity, (g/cm2. s) or (lbm/ft2 . h)