Evaluation Form

Univ. of Science
& Tech.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Dr. Taisir Khedaywi

Course No. :- CE444

Stud Name:- Hassoneh Ata
Course Name:- pavement lap Stud No :-990023029
Topic
:- S.G
Lab No
:-1
Due Date :- 14-7-2003
Section :-1
Day
:-

Wednesday

Evaluation Element

Points
Value

Points Received
1

Title Page

Abstract

Introduction

Objectives

Material Used

Laboratory Work

Result& Discussions

20

Conclusions

10

Acknowledgment

------

10 References

11 Table With Titles

12 Figures

13 Appendix

14 Spelling, Punctuation
Clearly Sentence
15 Overall Effectives &
Formatting
Total

10
10
100

CE 444

Lab# 1
Specific Gravity& absorption of Course (ASTM 127)
& Fine Aggregate (ASTM 128)
Submitted to: Dr.Tisir Khidaywi
Submitted by: Hassoneh Kiswani

Date:

Abstract:
To be familiar with & Determination of specific gravity and absorption of a
coarse & fine aggregate sample, where the specific gravity is in the form
of apparent specific gravity (App.S.G), or bulk specific gravity (B.S.G),
either (SSD) or (OD).we were use coarse aggregate, fine aggregate,
Sample container, Water tank, Tamper, Pycnometer, Oven & balance.
Obtain a sample of the fine aggregate passing sieve #4 that was
immersed for 24 hours. Fill the pyconmeter with water until the calibration
mark and weight it = B, and then empty it. Partially fill the pyconmeter
with water. Immediately introduce into the pyconmeter 500-g of saturated

surface dry fine aggregate prepared as described above, and fill with
additional water. Roll, invert and agitate the pyconmeter to eliminate all
air bubbles. Determine total weight of the pyconmeter, specimen, and
water = C. Remove the fine aggregate from the pyconmeter, dry to
constant weight at temperature of 1105C in the oven, cool in air at
room temperature for 1 hours, and weight = A. for course aggregate Dry
the test sample at 1105C, cool in air. Immerse the aggregate in water
24 hours. Roll it in a large absorbent cloth to achieve the SSD condition.
Weight the test sample in (SSD) = B. place the (SSD) sample in the
sample container and determine its weight in water = C. Dry the test
sample to constant weight at a temperature of 1105C, and weight it =
A. Always, BSGOD < BSGSSD < ASG Always, the bulk specific gravity for
coarse aggregate is greater then the one for fine aggregate. Always,
Absorption capacity for coarse aggregate is less than the one for fine
aggregate.

Introduction:

The specific gravity of the aggregate is one of the most important

indicators of the quality of the aggregate, sense it indicates to the density,
pores, void ratio, water content, and other things that is very important to
know it, since it is used in paving roads.
Generally, aggregate contains pores both permeable and impermeable for
water, these pores cause the specific gravity of the aggregate to be different
if the pores account or not, this cause to have more than one specific
gravity, like apparent specific gravity (App.S.G), and bulk specific gravity
(B.S.G) in its two forms, saturated surface dry (SSD) and oven dry (OD) and
some others.

Objectives:
1)
To be familiar with the specific gravity and absorption measurements.
2)
Determination of specific gravity and absorption of a coarse aggregate
sample, where the specific gravity is in the form of apparent specific gravity
(App.S.G), or bulk specific gravity (B.S.G), either (SSD) or (OD).
3)
Determination of specific gravity and absorption of a fine aggregate
sample, where the specific gravity is in the form of apparent specific gravity
(App.S.G), or bulk specific gravity (B.S.G), either (SSD) or (OD).

Material used:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

A sample of coarse aggregate lime stone from alhoson quarries.

A sample of fine aggregate lime stone from alhoson quarries.
Balance.
A wire basket .
Water tank.
Pycnometer.
Oven.

Laboratory work:
1)
Sieving by #4 and washing to remove dust from the surface for (CA).
2)
Dry the sample at 1105C. Immerse the aggregate in water 24 hours.
3)
Remove the sample from the water and put it in cloth until achieve the
SSD.
4)
Weight the sample in the air = B.
5)
Put sample in the container in water and find its weight in water = C.
6)
Dry it at 1105C, and weight it = A.
7)
Calculate Bulk specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and
absorption.

8)
Take a sample of the fine aggregate passing sieve #4 that was
immersed for 24 hours.
9)
Spread the sample on surface exposed.
10)
To be sure that the sample reach the (SSD) use Cone test
Hold the mold firmly on a smooth nonabsorbent surface with the large
diameter down. Fill the cone with wet sand. Lightly tamp the fine
aggregate into the mold with 25 light drops of the tamper at a height of
about 0.5 cm.
Left the mold vertically. If surface moisture is still present, the fine
aggregate will retain the molded shape. When the fine aggregate slumps
slightly, it indicates that it has reached a surface dry condition.
11)
Fill the pyconmeter with water until the calibration mark and weight it
= B, and then empty it.
12)
Partially fill the pyconmeter with water. Put the500-g sample into the
pyconmeter, and fill with additional water.
13)
Roll, invert and agitate the pyconmeter to eliminate all air bubbles.
14)
Determine total weight of the pyconmeter, specimen, and water = C.
15)
Remove the fine aggregate from the pyconmeter, dry to constant
weight at temperature of 1105C in the oven, and weight = A.
16)
Calculate Bulk specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and
absorption.

Results:
Table 1-1: Results of coarse aggregate
Grou
p#
1
2
3
4

A=Wt. of
drying
sample
465.27
599.88
501.7
439.12

B=wt. of
(SSD) in air
473.49
607.3
509.88
451.65

C=wt.of
sample in
water
287.6
374.7
310
271.7

Bulk
sp.gr=
A/(B-C)
2.50
2.57
2.51
2.44

Bu.sp.gr.
(SSD)=
B/(B-C)
2.54
2.61
2.55
2.50

Apparent
sp.gr=A/(AC)
2.60
2.66
2.61
2.62

Absorption
%=
((B-A)/A)*100
1.7
1.2
1.6
2.8

Table 2-1: Results of fine aggregate

Grou
p#

A=Wt. of
drying
sample

B=wt.of
pync+water

1
2
3
4

474.10
480.04
479. 69
479.64

607.59
557.04
651.64
657.15

C=wt.of
pync +
water +
sample
900.23
956.89
949.47
959.54

Bulk sp.gr=
A/(B+500C)
2.46
1.60
2.32
2.42

Bu.sp.gr.
(SSD)=
500/(B+500C)
2.40
4.23
2.47
2.52

Apparentsp.
gr=
A/(B+500-C)

Absorption%=
((500A)/A)*100

2.28
4.79
2.37
2.42

5.4
3.4
4.2
4.2

Discussion:

It can be seen that the results of group #1 & group #3 & group #4 are law for coarse
aggregate and
All group are Low for fine aggregate, for example, BSGSSD must be around 2.58
For group #2, this is around the reasonable value 2.57. On the other hand, the absorption
Fine aggregate for group #1 is not reasonable with respect with other groups.
From the results obtained, we can see that the specific gravity in all its forms, is
greater
In the coarse aggregate than fine aggregate and this can be considered reasonable,
Because the fine aggregate is more loss and has lower density than the coarse
aggregate,
Beside the fact that the coarse Aggregate has lower absorption than fine aggregate,
which

Indicate that the fine aggregate has higher percent of voids than the coarse
aggregate.
On the other hand, for both samples, fine and coarse, always BSGOD is less than
BSGSSD, which is
Less than ASG, this is due to the fact that the BSGSSD contain water in the
permeable voids which
Reduce the total voids, while BSGOD dont, while ASG is the largest one because it
does not
Enter the permeable voids into the accounts either it is filled with water like
BSGSSD,
Or empty like BSGOD.
The absorption is a good indicator of the quality of the aggregate, since lower
absorption,
gives better aggregate. And here it can be said that the coarse aggregate is
excellent in
Absorption and the fine aggregate are good in absorption.
The errors in this experiment can be summarized as the following:
1.) The loss of some of the sample, especially the fine sample.
2.) Human errors.
3.) The samples.
4.) Errors in calculations and devices.

Conclusion:

1)
There are many forms of bulk specific gravity, used to describe any sample of
aggregate, based on the definition of each of them.
2)
Always, BSGOD < BSGSSD < ASG
3)
Always, the bulk specific gravity for coarse aggregate is greater then the one for
fine aggregate.
4)
Always, Absorption capacity for coarse aggregate is less than the one for fine
aggregate.

References:
1)

Laboratory manual AASHTO (ASTM 127& 128) .

Appendix
Sample of calculation, group #4.
*Coarse aggregate
BSGOD= WOD/ (WSSD-WSUB)
BSGSSD= WSSD/ (WSSD-WSUB)
App.SG = WOD/ (WOD-WSUB)
Absorption (%) = (WSSD-WOD)/ WOD*100%
*Fine aggregate
BSGOD = A/(B+500-C)
BSGSSD = 500/(B+500-C)
ASG = A/(B+A-C)
Absorption (%) = (500-A)/A*100%