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Section 5
Add
w
G
d metres
Centre of Gravity
w
W
Add
w
G
G1
Add
w
G
G1
d metres
w
W+w
W+w
GG1 x (W+w) = (w x d)
3
GG1 = w x d
W+w
wxd
W+w
wxd
W-w
Note:
W-w is the final displacement
of ship after unloading the
weight w.
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wxd
W
Wt is free to swing
Show the
movements of G
as the weight is
loaded from
position 1 to 2
GG1 =
w xd
Final Displ
10
Activities:
Activities:
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END
14
Section 6
To determine the GM
GM = KM - KG
Vertical Moments
about the Keel
KM
Hydrostatic Table
(Changes with Displ)
GM
KM
KG
KG
Vertical moments of
all weights onboard
K
15
Moments
16
Vertical Moments
17
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Activity:
3 metal blocks are placed one on top of another
and welded together. Their individual wts and
v.c.g of each (from the base) are given as follows
:
Block A: wt = 2.3 t,
Block B: wt = 1.8 t,
Block C: wt = 1.5 t,
VCG = 1.2 m
VCG = 2.5 m
VCG = 3.0 m
Find:
(i). Combined wt
(ii). Total moments of 3 blocks about the base
(iii). Height of CG of the combined weights. 19
20
Activity: Sheet
To find GM:
GM = KM - KG
where,
KM is the vertical height of Metacentre above the keel.
KM can be obtained from ship's hydrostatic particulars.
21
Activity:
A ship of 6000t displacement has KG 6m and KM
7.33m.
Following cargo is then loaded:
22
MV Onesuch
Condition No 2
Page 25
23
24
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Activity 2:
END
26
Remember?
Heeling by an External Force
Section 7
Horizontal Movement of
Centre of Gravity
&
Small Angle List (< 7)
27
28
Equilibrium at List
Add w
Upright:
G & B are on
Centreline
GG1 = w x d
W
29
30
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Ship Listed
31
Activity 1:
32
GG1
(New) GM
GG1 = w x d
W
Tan = GG1
GM
Ans: 6.53 Deg
33
Activity 2:
A ship lifts a 25t wt from wharf with its crane. The
crane head is 23.6m above the keel, and the wt is on
the wharf 5m from ships side. Find the list created as
the wt is lifted.
Initial particulars are as follows:
34
35
36
Ans: 5.92
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weights.
37
Activity 3:
A ship of displ 9250t, initially upright, loads 125t
cargo at 6.7m to Port, and 63t cargo at 8.25m to Stbd
of the centreline.
It further pumps out 30t ballast from a D.B. tank
which is 5.5m to port.
Activity 4:
A ship of displ 9250t, initially upright, loads 125t cargo
6.7m to Port, and 63t cargo 8.25m to Stbd of the
centreline.
How much ballast must be pumped out from a D.B.
tank which is 5.5m to port from centreline for the ship
to be upright ?
Hint:
Take listing moments about centreline.
For ship to be upright:
Port moments = Stbd moments.
Ans: 57.8t
39
Activity 5:
A ship of Displ 13750t, GM=0.75m, initially listed 2
to Stbd, has yet to load 250t of cargo. There is space
available on both sides of underdeck at 6.1m from
centerline.
40
END
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Section 8
10
20
30
40
50 60
Heel (degrees)
43
Gv
G
Z
B
Z
Z
B
A Slack Tank
Fluid GfZ
Gv
G
G
Z
Z
B
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Ship heeled.
G shifts to G1.
49
50
Calculation of GGv
GGv =
Therefore:
GMfluid
GM solid
i x d1 x 1
V
d2
n2
Gv or Gfluid
Gsolid
i =
l x b3
12
GGv =
Activity (1)
A ship of underwater volume 1950 m3 floating in salt
water has an undivided tank of length 10m, width
18m. The tank is partly full of fuel oil of RD 0.91.
i x d1 x 1
V
d2
n2
i x d1
V
d2
But ( V x d2 ) = Displ
52
FSC (in m) =
= 4860 m4
i x d
Displ
53
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FS Considerations in Stability
Calculations:
FSC
55
Activity 2
MV Onesuch displacing 6192 tonnes, has following
slack tanks :
No. 2 DB P & S FO Tank (RD 0.94)
FW Tank P & S
FW Tank S
Feed Water Tank Cr
DB Diesel Oil Tank P (RD 0.86)
DB Diesel Oil Tank S (0.86)
L.O. Bottom Drain Tank Cr (0.91) Ans:
KGf = 6.65 m
Dirty Oil Coll. Tank P (0.95)
GfM = 1.23m
Vegetable Oil Tank P & S (0.91)
56
Heeled
57
58
Upright
Activity (3)
A ship of displ 8153.75t ; KM 8.0m ; KG 7.5m;
has a D.B tank 15m x 10m x 2m which is full of
SW ballast.
Heeled
END
Upright
60
Heeled
10
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Section 9
MV Onesuch
Hydrostatic Particulars
Hydrostatic Particulars
61
62
KM = KB + BM
Ships Constant
Also, BM = I
And
I = L x B3
12
BM =
L x B3
12 x L x B x Dr
BM = B2
63
Activity (1)
Find the KM of a boxshaped vessel of 60m
length, 12m beam and
4m draught.
12 D ( D = Draft )
64
Activity (2)
Find the GM of homogeneous
block of wood of 6m length
and 1.5m square crosssection. Density of wood is
0.2t/m3.
BM = B2
12 D ( D = Draft )
KG = 0.75m
Wt of block = 2.7t
Draft of Block = 0.2927m
KB = 1 Draft
2
BM = B2
= 0.64m
12 D ( D = Draft )
65
KB = 1 Draft
2
GM = 0.036m
66
11
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Activity (3):
A box-shaped vessel
75 m long
12m beam
7 m deep
floating on an even keel
at 6m draft.
END
67
68
Section 10
FS Considerations in Stability
Calculations:
FSC
Angle of Loll
69
70
Angel of Loll
Certainly Not!
Angle of Loll
71
72
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Negative GM
73
74
Angle of loll
Capsizing moment
75
76
Angle of Loll
Angle can be obtained by drawing the GZ curve.
Curve drawn in the usual way except that the initial GZ
values are drawn below the zero axis.
(-)ve GM
77
78
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Angle of Loll
Angle of Loll
What should be
done ?
80
Section 11
GZ Curve
END
81
82
Pt of inflection
Of curve
Range of stability = 81
83
84
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KN
Construction of GZ Curve
If G were to be at K;
Then
Righting Lever (GZ)
would be KN.
KN at different heel
angles for different
Displacements, is
given in Ship Stability
Booklet.
In triangle KGX :-
Substituting KX above:
Sine
But
= KX
KG
KX = KG Sine
GZ = KN - KG Sine
85
86
ANGLE
Of Heel
10o
20o
30o
40o
50o
60o
70o
80o
90o
ANGLE
Of Heel
SINE
0.1737
0.3420
0.5000
0.6428
0.7660
0.8660
0.9397
0.9848
1.0000
SINE
KN
KN
KGF
SINE
KGF
SINE
GZ
GZ
15o
87
30o
45o
60o
75o
90o
88
Angle of Loll
(-)ve GM
89
90
15
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Activity 1:
Attempt Section 11 Qn. (1)
(a) Area under the righting lever curve is to be not less than 3.15 metredegrees between the 0 and 30 degree angles of heel;
(b) Area under the righting lever curve is to be not less than 5.16 metre-
degrees between the 0 and 40 degree angles of heel, or 0 degrees and the
angle of flooding, if this is less than 40 degrees;
(c) Area under the righting lever curve is to be not less than 1.72 metredegrees between the 30 and 40 degree angles of heel, or 30 degrees and
the angle of flooding, if this is less than 40 degrees;
(f) Initial metacentric height, corrected for free surface, must be not less
than 0.15 metres for cargo ships, passenger ships and tugs, and 0.35
metres for fishing vessels.
91
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END
93
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