Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BOMBASTUS
VON
HOHENHEIM
CALLED
PARACELSUS
HIS
PERSONALITY
PHYSICIAN,
CHEMIST
JOHN
PROFESSOR
OF
AND
OPEN
_STILLMAN
EMERITUS,
STANFORD
UNIVERSITY
LONDON
CHICAGO
THE
AS
REFORMER
AND
MAXSON
CHEMISTRY
INFLUENCE
COURT
PUBLISHING
CO.
copyright
The
Open
Court
by
Publishing
1920
PRINTED
IN
AMERICA
Company
TO
THE
BUILDERS
CHEMISTRY
AND
HAVE
OF
OF
MEDICINE
CONTRIBUTED
THE
DREAM
OF
THE
REALIZATION
OF
NOT
UPON
IS
DOGMA
EXPERIMENT,
AND
STUDY
OF
LABORS
PARACELSUS
OBSERVATION
THIS
SCIENCES
WHOSE
TO
FOUNDED
UPON
THE
DEDICATED.
ENCE
SCI-
BUT
CONTENTS.
PAGF,
Preface
v
Introductory
The
Life
Early
The
of
Paracelsan
Medical
11
Paracelsus
of
View
25
Nature
44
Theory
Defiance
Medical
to
As
Reformer
and
Faculty
in
63
Profession
Medicine
80
The
Chemist
Contributions
The
Reformer
and
Medical
to
Mission
and
Paracelsus
as
The
Later
The
Last
of
Theological
of
of
Strenuous
and
the
91
Chemistry
Science
Ethics
Years
Days
of
113
Practice
Physician
132
142
Writer
159
Labor
174
Paracelsus
181
Bibliography
:
PARACELSUS.
viii
of
writings
that
other
no
of
used
texts
1616
of
appeal
his
for
third
(the
1589-90)
Versuch
2
vols.,
The
valuable
and
texts,
Stanford
as
the
for
in
to
faculty,
same
their
Schrif-
to
Stanford
of
the
for
his
connection.
imperfections,
J.
helpful
For
the
the
gratitude
for
University
interpretation
Professor
his
express
S.
P.
and'
accuracy
author
of
the
also
Tatlock,
clarifying
of
alone
University,
March
15,
1920.
to
much
Early
man
Gerof
the
suggestions
the
translations,
is
responsible.
J.
Stanford
as
bibliography
Paracelsischen
der
occasion
Rendtorfif
assistance
burg,
Strass-
1894-99.
takes
Karl
monumental
Echtheit
der
Berlin,
author
Professor
in
Kritik
of
manuscripts
Paracelsus
Sudhoff's
Karl
Schrifften,
und
from
edition
edition
original
Huser's
of
folio
Strassburg
the
The
followers.
and
Bucher
extracts
Dr.
einer
impression
and
in
contained
are
purpose
Chirurgische
the
1618;
ten,
that
acter
char-
the
and
physician
Swiss
sion
impres-
some
convey
contemporaries
his
to
well
so
the
of
personality
the
of
could
treatment
belief
the
in
introduced,
been
have
Paracelsus
M.
S.
INTRODUCTORY.
period
THE
of
Protestant
of
vievv
and
in
man
all
the
philosophy,
of
accepted
Men
arose.
consciousness
new
the
medieval
came
more
mental
domain
the
was
of
hundreds
had
art
of
years
intellectual
the
to
thought
had
Church,
and
question
the
science.
Church
criticism
of
be-,
man
all
and
censored
After
accepted
science
existed
quests,
con-
tive
compara-
learning
all
by
this
many
barbarian
developed
restless
in
Roman
and
there
and
gradually
from
share
to
by
period
orders
of
spirit
overthrown
jealously
had
the
and
Greek
clerical
there
without
since
sterility
been
Reacting
latest
natural
which
during
to
self-assertive.
and
of
been
bold
aroused
powers.
thought
field
men
and
strong
many
slavery,
independent
The
impetus
their
of
literature,
art,
becoming
were
of
minds
In
dogmas.
tradition
of
the
the
ment
readjust-
bonds
held
long
so
of
readaptation
the
as
politics, theology,
thinkers
and
had
influences
conditions,
violent
more
points
many
Many
changing
to
fetters
about
the
and
from
interest.
bringing
authority
the
is
human
great
of
spirit
Renaissance
late
Reformation
active
were
in
of
the
was
fined
con-
independent
the
both
movement
dogmas
medieval
within
toward
and
au-
PARACELSUS.
There
thorities.
and
to
faith.
took
by
test
related
theology
and
however,
as
this
movement
its
classes, and
medium
of
the
expression
infections
of
with
thought
accepted
could
at
first in other
in the art
forth
"
and
of
architecture
Two
century
of
toward
the
in
flict
con-
independent
It found
revival
of art, in
influences
had
accelerate
to
Europe,
the
any
outlet
interest
of
painting, sculpture,
literature.
universities, both
and
control
forms
great
the
great
no
dangerously
extinguished.
literature
and
to
authority
the
measure
tendency
directions, in
new
ical
cler-
beliefs.
be
not
great
considered
the
Nevertheless,
thought
in
could
Latin,
and
occur,
long,
the
to
in
"
So
confined
was
in scholastic
manuscripts
Church
limited
was
time
the
of
and
the
in those
to
reinvestigate
to
basis of knowledge
the
reason
Naturally
place
ambition
an
arose
arisen
the intellectual
remarkable
in number
invention
of
during
the
ing
awaken-
development
and
of
scope
printing by
teenth
fif-
of
the
teaching,
movable
metal
types.
Many
in
the
earlier.
in
of the
thirteenth
Among
older
and
the
universities
fourteenth
more
had
been
centuries
prominent
of
or
these
founded
even
were",
Pisa
; in
Seville; in France,
in
England,
Oxford
INTRODUCTORY.
and
Erfurt.
Cologne,
In
fifteenth
the
large number
Empire,
Rostock
universities,particularlyin
as
Wiirzburg
In
(1478).
Poitiers
and
France
also
Caen
(1431),
In
others.
century
in
earlier
the
Marburg
(1527), Konigsberg
printing
the
the
sixteenth
(1502),
(1506),
Wittenberg
of the
both
ideas
universities
served
of
to
the
and
bring
to
tension
ex-
larger
representative thinkers
other
events
operative
were
down
discovery of America,
wealth
centers
to
and
growing,
The
India
(1498),
of
of
of
the
great
prestige
disputed.
As
German
of the
the
power
breaking
its
opening
and
of
Empire
Spain
losing
temporal
of the emperor
new
and
commerce
power
in
of the
discovery
were
Pope
The
exploitation of
the
trade
The
wealth.
in
conservatism.
the
Pizarro,
currents
sources
and
and
Cortez
by
route
ocean
was
the
time.
Many
new
of
(1441)
Frankfort-on-the-Oder
development
constituency
(1409),
Provence
e.g.,
(1505),
of
universities
new
half
Breslau
The
Copenhagen
(1437), Bordeaux
established,
were
(1477),
Tiibingen
several
Aix
as
(1472), Ingol-
(1476),
Upsala
established,
were
Munich
(1477),
(1465),
man
Ger-
the
Greifswald
(1426),
(1471),
Mainz
(1472),
Louvain
(1419),
Budapest
founded
were
of
(1456), Liineburg
stadt
there
century
was
ency.
coher-
aflfairs
waned,
PARACELSUS.
cities
German
authority,
in
classes
middle
occasioned
and
theological thought,
the
in the
he
this
its
illustrates
from
old
of
that
fell in
activity
realize
this
touched
the
Leonardo
if
of
these
of the
most
that
the
More,
impress
of
upon
America,
Paracelsus
the
born
was
ence
dependitself
free
Paracelsus
tellectu
fertile inWe
may
his
of
span
Rafael,
life
an
and
event
and
who
development
in the
Columbus,
Luther,
Erasmus,
will suggest,
names
its
as
Michelangelo, Machiavelli,
Vinci, Ariosto,
Paracelsus
The
of
lanchthon,
discovery
to
well
as
Renaissance.
the
of
Thomas
Copernicus,
thought
lifetime
period
of
independence,
struggle
its
recall
lifetimes
da
distinct
of
its
as
child
true
tendencies,
The
a
we
sulted
re-
Paracelsus'
or
once
new
and
bondage.
(1493- 1 541)
whom
and
tradition
upon
at
its confusion
Hohenheim,
von
He
period.
in
eventually
which
be
to
came
current
Reformation.
Protestant
Theophrastus
also
largely influential
was
schisms,
of
development
of
criticism
wide-spread
more
Bible
of the
circulation
and
printing
The
ence.
influ-
and
in wealth
increasing
were
and
mercantile
the
while
minishi
di-
barons
feudal
the
gaining,
were
The
princes increased.
German
of the
influence
the
Me-
others
left
have
of
tion.
civiliza-
following
year
which
with
con-
in accordance
by Hohenheim
of using Latinized
time
or
Hellenized
Thus
names.
Agricola (from Bauer), Melanchthon
(from
all German
Schwarzerd),
CEcolampadius
(from Hausschein),
temporaries
conwith
name
custom
common
was
of
adopted
its
the
writers
of
the
"
of
Hohenheim.
INTRODUCTORY.
sequences
had
thoughts
and
Through
fame
of
the
age
that
he
of the
have
It is
distinct
impress
the
whether,
detrimental
to
is admitted
that
to
as
the
on
the
development
he
inaugurated
the vain
cation
of
of
of
of modern
to
the
of
philosophy
his life and
era
Books
Paracelsus
we
and
2
Cf.
works
material
Stoddart,
must
Goethe
homeopathy.
find in the
have
The
been
look
scholars
of Paracelsus
of
Faust.
chemists
of
the
to
appli
"
It is recognized
ideas
into the
his
Erdmann
with
readers
written
the
have
much
Modern
augurate
in-
having
of the
that
know
to
debtedne
in-
in his
of Robert
Paracelsus
for
the
called
development
Browning.
to
modern
English
nature.
in chemical
era
acknowledged
him
It
contemporary
younger
credits
of the
new
writer.^
or
science.
the
sometimes
have
earlier
History of Philosophy
the
surgery,
to
ence
influ-
beneficial
rational
Pare,
is said
Paracelsus,
of that
alchemy
some
surgery.
great
was
of
a
existed
in medicine.
use
introduced
he
practice
to
it
and
theory
attention
of medieval
chemistry
that
father
aims
the
have
extent
whole,
activityby diverting
from
with
us
characterizes
the
upon
differences
opinion
and
and
the
of
name
to
that
haze
the
down
come
legendary
of fables.
a
imagination
centuries
four
Paracelsus
left
energizing the
followed.
nearly
something
toward
the
stimulating
that
generation
influence
much
that
show
beginnings
of
attempted
to
of the
tion
inspira-
mystics
1911,
p.
65.
have
PARACELSUS.
in
sought
the
occult
who
have
him
the
method.
As
with
his
By
or
modern
wise
pious and
work,
has
other
charlatan,
extolled
By
man.
as
skilled
drunken
early
cian,
physi-
sincere
his
of
critics he
as
sonality.
per-
critics
many
other
by
and
character
disciplesand
characterized
been
hand,
who
been
have
great reformer,
and
opponents
his
with
been
unselfish
scientific
modern
of
nition
recog-
claims.
so
teacher,
wanting
not
earliest
the
there
of his
many
he
are
moreover,
all these
disputed
students
basis
necessary
Writers,
the
doctrines
in his
found
of
revelation
of
source
while
in nature,
of
have
fertile
and
sional
profes-
has,
ignorant
an
braggart,
the
on
tist,
ego-
superstitious
visionary.
Evidently
not
in this confusion
the
could
of
But
were
why
have
his
real
the
he
of
these
opinions
mythical
no
impossible
no
lie
must
sonage
perbination
com-
antagonistic estimates,
varied
so
accomplishments
this
it
became
It
was
To
in the
has
extremely
what
"
his
attempt
past few
made
to
to
What
acter
char-
true
summarize
decades, modern
these
questions
is
essay.
is, indeed,
how
physician
estimates
was
possessed
come
research
There
attributes.
have
which,
answers
task
for
Somewhere
true.
contradictory
personality?
historical
be
can
qualities.
whence
and
the
of
Paracelsus,
true
and
and
all of this
came
thus
his
no
great
about
that
credited
fortune
or
in
difficulty
the
with
standing
under-
German-Swiss
contradictory
misfortune
to
have
INTRODUCTORY.
become
the
originator
which
death
and
of
for
than
more
bitter warfare
with
acelsists
anti-Paracelsists
and
the
the
acknowledged
leader
and
adherents
credulous
spread
and
miraculous
tales
the
medical
the
seventeenth
science
that
"
they
borrowed
the
while
differences
of
with
the
ridicule,^lander
in the
hands
the
thus
exaggeration
it is
Paracelsus,
personality and
The
sources
kinds:
life and
are
too
none
of his
work
own
weapons
critical
mentation
experisettled,
were
weapons
of
philosophers
of
authorities
were
effective
"
guments
ar-
to
easy
and
of
mass
fable
and
justly estimate
his real
influence.
reliable
of
unbiased
such
and
disputants.
accumulated
discover
to
the
traditional
abuse
life
schism.
sixteenth
opinion
and
other
and
hated
with
citation
and
of
not
and
of the
theologians
hostile
but
credited
or
patient and
dialectics, the
"
From
foolish
not
was
with
"
the
from
time
it
settled
were
despised
profession
centuries
of modern
but
the
of
ish
Fool-
wonderworking
character
the
of
credited
admirers
Equally
demned
con-
school.
of his
of
or
character
newer
and
legends
detriment
founder
in
For
and
and
Par-
school.
supported
antagonists invented
the
to
Galenic
or
of the
powers.
malicious
fables
of
the older
his
waged
century
titioners,
prac-
after
mainly
and
or
of medical
school
into influence
came
which
of
numerous
information
records
contemporary
Paracelsus
"
and
exist
as
the
published writings.
of
are
"
and
internal
While
of
his
two
the
which
evidence
writings
PARACELSUS.
collected
as
his editors
by
is such
character
of them
interpretation.Some
edited
his
by
or
lecture
the
from
still others
and
in
or
exist
of
authenticity and
of
the
attributed
writings
few
of
his
after
all his
death, and
Huser
of
collection
his
of
work
He
or
with
took
pains
to
give
manuscripts,
made
from
accessible
at
autograph
him.
to
times
deceived
particular work,
statements
of
as
a
to
the
from
in
conscientiousness.
them
of the
books
many
graph
auto-
are
but
be
it may
that
autograph
it is nevertheless
the
particularwriting
true
and
source
we
vate
pri-
ous
his labori-
out
copies known
the
hannes
Jo-
public and
also described
some
While
seventy
tative
authori-
most
of each
source
among
and
to
(1589-91), gathered
and
fidelity
lifetime, the
disappeared.
edited
works
the
authenticity
of
evidently carried
great
degree
original manuscripts
materials
collections,and
the
twenty
have
Basel, who
all available
together
the
works
important
opinion
his
of
Paracelsus.
to
printed during
were
gin,
ori-
wholly
to
as
criteria
the
to
as
others
either
differences
scholars
Paracelsus
among
But
Great
spurious.
part
manifestly
were
some
uncertain
of
manuscripts
from
published
were
writing
hand-
own
his students,
of
notes
them
secretaries,
or
amanuenses
of
Some
in his
manuscripts
from
published
were
published during
were
supervision.
his
under
life and
his
their
in
difficulty
much
offer
to
as
their
great volume,
of
are
are
not
directly
Huser
was
pharacter
that
probable
at
copies
as
present
upon
of
his
ticity
authen-
mainly
INTRODUCTORY.
dependent
for
authenticity
and
basis
the
works
of
included
included
the
in his
authenticityeven
the
There
he
exists
they
letter
collection
by
certain
opinion
I knew
in
him
well, and
very
the
of my
house
books
many
bears
of
"Theophrastus,
such
part of which
understand
in
things,
There
saw
under
his
also
made.
nor
For
his
and
No
this
the
Main,
of
large
amount
years.
Schubert
and
1887-89, II,
The
Sudhoff,
pp.
there
has
of serious
and
German
motive
writers
attached
the
for
this
to
it is
judgment
from
been
of Paracelsus.
fact
in
brought
search,
scholarly re-
during
Paracelsusforschungen,
140-44.
phrastus
Theo-
assertion, but
separating myth
history of Paracelsus,
problem
notably by
be
can
sure,
life
thirty
style of
writing.""
the
the
alleged writings
some
not
neither
unsubstantiated
regards
as
occult
part
Theophrastus
well
To
bear
to
be
to
left behind
books
interestingas supporting
nevertheless
of Huser
and
in
usage
value,
great
general
I knew
weeks
many
are
which
name
whom
truly did
he
....
printed
time
Paracelsus
brother-in-law,
upon
esting
inter-
that
at
even
lived twenty-seven
who
or
Bartholomaus
which
that
states,
late
and
[verporgelich]
himself
He
belief
the
alleged writings
some
authentic.
not
were
fact
the
to
doubtful
of
genuine.
not
were
indeed
Huser
expressed
the
Paracelsus
to
works.
this
when
that
knowledge
attributed
in
in
confidence
our
collected
works
many
of
the
past
reinvestigation
Frankfort-on-the-
PARACELSUS.
lO
be
may
history
the
to
in
found
of
scientific
to
the
researches
attributed
many
accessible
in
To
the
of
the
on
during
a
new
of
years
the
work
the
the
and
better
accomplishments
eccentric
libraries
of
these
of
history
past
Swiss
Karl
exhaustive
work
early
by
half
of
scholars
and
and
medicine
century,
influence
physician
and
the
the
to
result
collections
Europe.
we
of
other
sciences
indebted
the
the
dents
stu-
authorities
other
are
of
to
to
and
understanding
and
of
works
printed
the
Sudhofif,
Paracelsus,
of
of
study
the
lution
so-
indebted
chiefly
are
bibliography
manuscripts
of
authenticity
we
critical
and
the
Paracelsus,
to
monumental
books
of
Julius
partial
the
For
Strunz.
and
R.
Netzhammer,
Franz
problem
indebted
Schubert
Ed.
Aberle,
Carl
butions
contri-
particularly
are
we
early
the
important
For
Raymund
the
of
of
of
and
Hartmann,
the
story
in
interest
of
revival
thought.
life
Sudhoff,
Carl
for
personality,
original
philosopher.
and
EARLY
THE
LIFE
THEOPHRASTUS
phrastus
at
in
Swiss.
as
His
Hohenheim,
in
149
that
In
married
son
then
person,"
now
he
and
father
removed
physician,
to
he
as
bearing
as
died
in
contemporary
date
in
burg.
Salzhad
des
Einsiedeln,''
zu
know
we
At
the
Einsiedeln
only
cated
lo-
was
the
and
about
in
Villach
for
reside
the
Hohenheim
Frau
was
to
physician
town
was
pilgrimage.
Theophrastus
continued
where
of
von
"Gotteshausfrau
monastery,
place
as
Bombast
him
the
German
practising
union.
Benedictine
When
his
this
of
of
part
was-
von
far
so
born
ber,
Decem-
Museum
lieben
was
of
17th
himself
of
"honest
child
as
time
Wilhelm
Theophrastus
the
Wilhelm
portrait
unserer
and
was
calls
he
Einsiedeln
an
Hohenheim,
Carolino-Augusteum
Gotteshauses
and
village.
the
the
or
region
father,
at
was
is in
that
so
Theo-
Hohenheim,
on
this
time
Elmpire,
well
von
Switzerland
his
In
1493.
German
von
Bombastus
Einsiedeln
PARACELSUS.
OF
1534
the
nine
respected
local
where
Carinthia,
remainder
records
old
years
of
his
citizen
bear
life,
and
ness.
wit-
PARACELSUS.
12
There
founded
the
by
is
and
training
schooling, either
information
Such
there
in his
That
his
attention
In
of
one
his
his
to
and
in the
preparation
for
that
from
not
ancients
some
who
Bishop
his
and
in the
and
of
predecessors
Yppon,
enumerate,
given
Scheyt
Bishop
arts.
besides
moderns,
have
his
that
father
chemical
cesses
pro-
regions.
of
thus
ferring
re-
useless
the
chemistry
from
alludes
pursued
the
his
to
as
who
First, from
has
things
most
were
him
and
well, of various
themselves
forsaken
great
many
much
Lavantall, Bishop
and
Wilhelmus
never
Stettgach, Bishop
Matthaus
these
adepta philosophia
father, who
my
to
necessary
chemistry
to
in
instructors
good
Afterward
me.
of
I have
up
in the
Hohenheim,
student.
task:
childhood
firmly grounded
and
here
as
eliminate
to
medicine,
to
thoroughly grounded
von
mining
experiments
useful
learned
ing.
lack-
experiences
"From
interest
endeavors
transmutation
and
early drawn
quite probable
It is
practised
as
experiences
was
knowledge
some
allusions
from
his
to
formal
occasional
is from
have
and
own
his
to
as
his
university,are
or
we
as
writings
certain.
seems
had
his
of
statements
Details
preliminary
gion
re-
medical
his
of
beginnings
the
the
received
Theophrastus
father.
his
from
and
district.
mining
that
probable
school
mining
Augsburg,
of
Fuggers
schooling,
first
Villach
at
important
an
was
It
located
was
number
writings
of
origins ;
"
trouble,
Erhart
Nicolaus
as
and
of
Schacht, sufifraganbishop
THE
of
LIFE
Phrysingen.
And
others, and
many
and
Hke.
a
EARLY
And
I have
those
of
Fiiger
arts,
the
among
Schwatz
and
who
with
their
and
for
number
gated
investi-
have
noble
the
of
Sponheini'
namely
as
of
as
doctors
alchemists
many
abbots,
many
also had
with
long time,
PARACELSUS.
OF
Sigmund
his
employed
artisans."^
It appears
laboratories
and
twenty-two
a
that
of age
laying
he
knowledge
and
before
and
is
Fiiger
travel
this
Of
in Schwatz
in the
study
from
scattered
through
examined
and
in their
to
the local
scholars,
time, by several
with
the
probably fairlycorrect
The
of magic
2
the
laboratory
a
his
last and
in many
allusions
been
have
consistency
events
and
of the
Dr.
consistent
of his
have
we
notably by
that
of
career
profession.
These
history and
result
studies
R.
and
wanderings
has
constructed.
been
1
had
universities,
and
their
to
outline
and
region.
information
statements
as
and
experiences
writings.
compared
relation
J. Hartmann,
his
of
only
brief
the
chemical
upon
practice of
the
period again
is derived
and
nearly
extensive
in medical
made
series
long
for
the
German
embarked
he
about
Theophrastus
covering
countries
period
young
had
he
of
usual
of the
any
progress
known.
not
of
the
this attended
what
of the
not
or
the
when
there
worked
of
possessed
Fiiger's mines
Tyrol
foundation
the
metallurgical processes
Whether
in
Schwatz
at
years
thus
year,
visited
Paracelsus
eminent
and
the
Chir. Bilcher
Trithemius,
neo-Platonic
philosopher
Cabbala.
und
SchrifFten
(1618),
pp.
lOlf.
and
student
PARACELSUS.
It appears
Schwatz
and
to
np
the
practising physician
in
served
in
campaigns
of
time
Devil's
Bridge
and
the
somewhat
in
Denmark
and
service
surgeon,
of Venice
he
Paracelsus
below
Sweden,
France, Belgium,
army
IN
had
and
the
that
leaving
as
appearance
in
1526,
had
he
1577.
House
will
be
discovered
center.
he
had
visited
participated in
(1521-25).
physician
or
surgeon
army
EINSIEDELN
The
his
Strassburg
as
after
that
evidence
this
from
the
wars
land;
Engas
an
in the
It will be remembered
THE
that
the
Swiss
several
also
LIFE
At
times
visited
Germany,
France
other
received
received
His
attended
and
the
antagonists
DEVIL'S
in
BRIDGE
It is in this
house
the
AND
lifetime
alludes
formal
of
his
his
use
disputed
to
title
his
disdainfully
reply.
having
On
the
received
by
the
been
arst)
of Basel
and
having satisfied
qualifications.The
to
old
celsus
Para-
Medicine.
during
even
his
1S77.
IN
tradition, Paracelsus
it, a
he
the
hand,
is
degree
was
that
professor
makes
he
no
assfumption
supported by
and
writings
the
which
charge
which
to
other
consistently
he
would
not
the authorities
records
or
1493.
the
as
of
HOUSE
presumption
appointed
have
that
Doctor
an
but
of it in his earliest
afterward,
of
to
in
time
some
found
PARACELSUS
born
appears
universities
at
profession
that, according
in
title of Doctor.
been
degree
he
period
parts of
different
various
the
has
used
largely
Italy,^nd
assumed
or
in
this
during
positive evidence
No
then
were
or
PARACELSUS.
taking place
wars
have
to
OF
mercenaries
Europe.
in
EARLY
of
his
out
University withas
to
his technical
admission
to
the
PARACPXSUS
Brussels.
Hardly
pupils.
The
Louvre
at
Scorel
in
by
Rul)ens
portrait
Paris,
1517,
but
BY
at
himself,
is e\idently
present
formerly
RUBENS(?)
but
a
of
copy
supposed
attributed
Wildens,
liy Jan
to
to
an
lia\-e
Diirer,
earlier
lieen
one
one
of
his
in
the
painted
by
THE
LIFE
EARLY
OF
"Doctor
as
records
with
the
title,but
which
he
us
by
later
with
the
of
"It is necessary
of
How
long.
it is
impossible
I add
can
to
of
but
be
his
nor
kinds
are
that
reason
not
The
are
one
in
bear
stars
scattered
the
higher spheres,
for
me
to
seek
me,
for
his
own
Also
world.
found
They
for
not
to
pass
out
must
where
their
that
each
the
to
these
they
tions
inclinaone
in
of
nature
their
all
land
father-
place. They
and
radii
far
the
to
the whole
and
the
in
stove.
according
village, but
own
proper
the
thus
to
grows
witness
wide
I have
How
is predestined
which
advantage
one
together, sought
his
Is it not
that
which
overcome
confined
not
nowhere
that
that
master
nor
man
in defense
answer
to
behind
are
furnishes
remained
or
throughout
scattered
brought
exist.
one's
teacher
wandering
autobiographical
overcome
of
proved
no
reply
from
away
knowledge
in
or
wanderings
have
his
have
do
to
take
accomplished
that
me
The
.
house
for
or
the
I do
can
his
I should
that
"
self.
him-
Paracelsus
made
and
largely
writings :
that
wayfaring
my
it is
to
as
particular critic
extended
in his
belief
assumed
or
sincerityof
few
him
sity
univer-
the
the
and
of any
reproach,
contained
sketches
all
his opponents
of
one
mentions
degree,
at
and
years
matter
it
contemporary
unofficial,credit
confidence
the
truthfulness
In
the
describe
1526
in
Such
nowhere
received
influenced
life
he
conferred
whether
in the
of Medicine."
as
PARACELSUS.
goals.
goals
and
to
PARACELSUS.
find
I should
regard
this
tus
that
no
one
but
and
and
it
not
reason
or
of
he
must
or
"
Does
not
manners
and
to
How
it,
a
see
customs,
ments
ele-
their
of
nature
seek
to
go
wishes
them
pursues
Therefore
one
the
and
can
good
the
....
geographer
develop
behind
seeing^with
the
give
eyes
true
those
from
repeatedly
heard
I have
foundation
I should
their
pursue
cosmographer
stove
that
if any
learn
constellations
their
sought?
city,to
be
.Thus,
me.
.
person
"
knowledge
that
true
it must
that
right
have
Is it not
am.
Theophras-
the
be
worthily
not
fail in
I should
If
each?
in
effects
the
out
....
that
physician
me
remain
not
in
he
diseases
behind
the
and
to
give
so
that
not
how
brought
that
they
cannot
are,
and
on
is their
[humores]
the
in
come
are
Prussian
the
more
not
their
wear
the
problem
For
possess
butcher
the
merely
Not
.
they
attack
they
Since
know
do
many
far
travels
he
much.
know
describe
to
as
the
to
arts
tries
coun-
but
trousers,
ageously
cour-
of
kinds
what
have
sitting
than
knowledge
more
stove
to
diseases
to
wander
is, and
world
If he
learns
pleases
diseases
will
one
laws
as
If
also.
wander
much
the
as
place.
travel
not
that
wide
This
traveler.
reason
as
one
must
experiences
Does
the
thither
and
hither
for
well
very
be
must
in the
it is written
that
in the laws
experienced
no
feet
....
can
drive
them
cushions
nature
to
the
you.
you
must
The
seek
you
must
them,
the
and
go
the
are
them,
English
nor
they
in casks.
pursue
Hungarian,
; therefore
you,
enclosed
nor
you
to
as
humors
tan,
Neapoli-
where
more
they
you
ALTERIVS
NON
Je^fTz^nale
tiobilaim
Qua
HeLuiia
t^ttuj
cLkr^
f/hiJia pe-r
Jiniarxt
a3
tmuttn
Engraved
Paracelsus
by
F.
was
!"
Venetian
inaui
ante
l^/tr^
Ercjrm,
L^prv^Jii/funu.
rcqoi^
be
by
wars.
an
artist
Jculps^.
ChauutAu
TINTORETTO(
BY
May
m^^iium
"jyaier
ptnsu"
the
tuoj
"j
luct Juhuut\
JcTtaScptcmtrv
OjfoJtiffJhit
nunc
r^a
ctncrcJi^Ue jaccnl
tUr
Chauveau.
in
Ajd^
ptunrna. Ijr^um
J^uU
loca
Po/bju/
bombast
PAKj\CELSVS
L.tiprtin.^urm
httmo.
"r^nuu
bJil. (Aim
POTEST
theophrastvs
PARACELSUS
ESSE
DICTV5
J'ARifC"Z.SVS
jemOu
i/lc ora,
ccuScj
J.
SWS
HOHENHEIM,
Afi
^U""ndt
Qyi
PHILIPPVS
AVREOLVS
Su
SIT
?)
of
Tintoretto
about
was
1520-25, when
born
1518.*
data
For
concerning
portraits we
chiefly indebted
are
of Dr.
Karl
Schadel
Aberle,
Grabdenkmal,
scholarly researches
des
1887-91.
Theophrastus
Abbildungen
Paracelsus, Salzburg,
to
the
und
PARACELSUS.
20
the
experience,
in
the
wishes
minerals
the
come
to
minerals
are
not
them.
"
to
his
out
to
way
see
who
not
do
those
and
are
within
the
belly
"
those
not
wanders
them
will
such
as
murdered
the
to
shade.
if
"
in fine
to
let them
that
has
those
"
stay behind
or
that
the
warm
as
no
were
will
serve
he will follow
me,
nothing.
who
homespun;
who
He
clothing.
saying
eat
stove
there
than
knowledge
their
it cold
have
arts
those
fireplace[Win-
the
for
pay
to
and
that
after
follow, after
not
joyfully
conform
follow
hug
long
such
exists
golden chains,
the
no
about
go
and
in
have
he
who
for
who
those
would
"
Those
better
true
sit behind
town-walls
the
they wish,
trees
that
wear
possessions
greater
and
condemned
be
one
who
able
go
much
It is indeed
those
scarce
lover
of
of habits
How
can
have
silks
kelbldser] wear
those
how
who
he
willing to
be
not
know
knowledge
art!
those
milk-broth.
wander
Does
hat.
doing?
so
do;
partridges,
eat
should
one
that
in
gains
the
who
experts
things
other
thither
roam
who
the
will
Where
them.
which,
beautiful
for
mountains
JDrettywoman?
despised
the
of all kinds
[to travel]
need
But
to
in
matrices
the
go
he
now
out
experience
and
shoes
pursue
see
If
seek
also
are
and
peoples
customs,
must
over
pass
hither
wanders
he
there
.1
must
grow.
him,
..
many
he
that
it is necessary
[Alchymist].
chemist
such,
be
to
which
be
physician
understanding
your
Also
fatherland.
own
your
will be
greater
Yet
travel
said
he
alone
Therefore
they
stove
may
and
is
let
not
be
turn
EARLY
THE
before
pears
is for
have
me
the
LIFE
fire.
hitherto
and
will
who
will
investigateher
with
his feet.
its
as
often
of
Nature,
In
skilful
is
again
no
of
with
the
serves
has
the
land
"
Codex
ARMS
OF
OF
HOHENHEIM
as
an
BASTS
BOM-
THE
It appears
original and
conventionally
trained
hostility.
suspicion and
I
thirty,
cured,"
is his
situation.
of
Strassburg
Hohenheim,
von
purchased
with
of
age
Germany.
sick whom
the
but
"Theophrastus
Medicine,
the
to
is the
the
OF
in
land
be turned."^
attention
official records
The
and
found
him
one
statement
1526
COAT
books
her
is.investigated
Thus
about
at
physician, though
pleased
own
1526,
viewed
leaf.
its leaves
must
attracted
soon
from
he
nature:
travel
is written
nature
PARACELSUS
physicians
"I
which
that
wanderings.
my
must
it
that
blame,
respecting
ways
often
so
year
OF
he
witness
letters,but
Paracelsus
that
That
thus
the
SEAL
I bear
land
of
worthily pursued
this
through
I consider
praise, not
For
21
PARACELSUS.
Therefore
of
matter
OF
the
Luzerne.
show
that
Doctor
in
of
citizenship[Burgrecht]
Enacted
Wednesday
PARACELSUS.
22
Luzerne
privileges
Stadtarst
Preface
he
1526,
Professor
Froben
painful
illness
physician, he
who
sent
of
time
of
"
to
"
the
Paracelsus,
""
Cf.
Schubert
in
and
then
on
vacant
offer
an
and
notably by
sicians.
phynew
to
come
speedy
Erasmus
and
house
of
Switzerland.
the
from
frequented by
was
theology
prominent
in the
in
by
the
tion
reforma-
by the
physician,
Impressed
skill of the
particularly,it
to
found
Froben's
professor
Basel,
of the
Strassburg
Basel
in
medical
and
prevailed
offer
of
skill of the
ministrations
Basel, both
in
efforts
the
at
lived
then
movement
men
his
house
CEcolampadius,
these
is interesting.
suffering
was
scholarly persons,
that
personality
him
to
through
University
Basel
at
remarkable
of the
Froben's
at
defied
which
Hearing
number
and
Physician
say.
appointment
(Frobenius)
Johann
relief.
Ordi-
et
distinguished book-publisher
The
Basel, and
the
Basel.
at
story of his
The
is to
Basiliensis," that
narius
"Physicus
himself
signs
vember,
No-
dated
gradibus,
De
manuscript
his
to
In
University,
the
at
of
functions
it the
with
in medicine
professorship
of
or
carried
position which
offer
the
received
and
duties
his
upon
he
Strassburg,
at
position of
the
surgeons
entering, however,
Before
the
also
which
to
millers
grain-dealers and
belonged.^
the
of
that
was
guild of
The
Andreas
after
new
is said,
dius
CEcolampa-
city authorities
(Stadtrath)
which
was
at
once
accepted.
Sudhofif, Paracelsusforschungen,
11,
p.
3.
to
THE
We
EARLY
have
evidence
by Paracelsus
of Erasmus
written
Erasmus
is in
he
certain
has
of the
tone
given
of
Erasmus,
it concludes,
equal
to
directions
thy
the
to
as
"I
and
art
and
who
is my
other
that
also
[utruniqne
remain
thou
Paracelsus
position
with
zeal
extensive
with
of medicine
hailed
as
thou
restorest
entered
different
with
with
He
in
notions
thee
1528,
and
Cf.
Schubert
the
shades
his
of the
lands
important
his
practice and
much
teacher
from
and
ideas.
the
favor
fortune
returned
foreign
if thou
through
university
had
and
from
upon
radical
distinctly
enthusiasm
offer
each
Basel."
experience
reward
half
in
energy.
some
other
singulis]. May
city physician
and
surely
in
evidently
of
in
general
D."
recalled
restorest
of
his direc-
thee
Hohenheim
hast
grateful
the
of
IN
Thou
soul.
Sudhoff,
"
letter
expressive
PARACELSUS
ex
later
prescriptions for
offer
"
letter
physician
indefiniteness
Bombast
and
the
made
The
though
is
cannot
OF
of
and
knowledge
SIGNATURE
reading: "Theophrastus
1526.
letter
in
time
some
of
summer
letter of Erasmus
dissatisfaction
"tions
his friends
and
to
23
good impression
Paracelsus
to
the
PARACELSUS.
of the
reply
ailments
OF
Froben
on
probably during
which
LIFE
He
his
tact
con-
theory
less
doubt-
self-assurance
PARACELSUS.
24
Opportunity
this
medical
of
his
of
the
he
His
experience
though
of
his
the
he
and
at
Basel
ceased
never
character
and
to
and
his
of
later
dogmatic
whose
estimated
under-
ism
antagon-
forced
soon
ideas
his
abuse
fluence
in-
to
greatly
he
forces
his
of
ability
certain.
also
victory
that
the
is
disappointments
persecutions
of
strength
challenged
that
and
time,
form
re-
celsus
Para-
That
traditional,
ultraconservative,
the
the
to
as
his
time
the
at
ideas
practice.
and
theory
overestimated
medicine
his
propagate
to
was
efforts,
resentments
his
life.
opponents
him
to
distant,
the
ize
realand
bitterness*
against
gave
the
color
THE
PARACELSAN
THAT
we
the
of
and
he
VIEW
conflict
it is
opposed,
something
his
gi-eat
authority
the
basis
aim
in
thought
stand
underthe
mains
do-
impress
to
the
bonds
which
dogma
of
he
as
had
turies
cen-
to
science
open
and
"Light
the
on
upon
experiment
it,
expresses
for
and
that
experience,
ancient
of
enchained,
foundation
open-minded
or,
break
science
the
observation,
which
to
attempt
we
endeavored
to
was
medical
of
sus
Paracel-
of
philosophy
current
accepted
for
way
the
nature
ideas.
and
held
that
Paracelsus
reformatory
His
dogmatic
of
which
theories
the
essential
the
comprehend
to
between
traditional
the
in
able
be
may
NATURE.
OF
of
Nature."
"nature"
But
which
that
to
Paracelsus
our
It
comprised
and
health
not
by
the
view
and
knowledge
merely,
therefore,
and
the
nature
the
observation
ophy
philosmuch
supernatural.
or
stars
the
upon
mysterious
credited
by
of
comprehended
other
many
of
school
the
occult
of
generally
The
experiment
is
influence
men
of
adopted
modern
of
then
people.
view
the
to
all
by
to
was
and
eyes
life
nomena
phe-
classes
be
the
of
achieA^ed
hands
"
as
we
understand
26
PARACELSUS.
the
of
study
Paracelsus
For
hidden,
Hence
of
agent
grounded
complete knowledge
in obedience
interpretationof
judgment,
ancient
Greek
be
may
other
or
of
the
impulse,
and
it
of
largely dominated
latest
authority
phenomena
field to
the
he
individual
of
of
or
ology.
the-
dogmatic
in the
by
as
Christ,
"
its
was
of Christ.
physician's
or
and
of
his
the
sources
nature
remembered,
for
accept
and
of nature
teachings
philosophers
study
still
to
human
of nature,
teachings
and
him
thoroughly
phenomena
the
refuses
and
Church-Fathers
The
the
himself
for
right
the
to
for the
the
must
man,
for
things spiritual.
be
in the
to
in
material
highest
will
interpretationof
claims
the
as
or
man
are
in
man
God's
the
For
to
physician
the
thoroughly
as
will
God's
of
revelation
the
of Christ
teachings
the
just as
"
seen
to
physical and
his
things relating to
all those
will
God's
of
things.
of
of nature,
phenomena
revelation
mystical
more
properties
the
the
are
by
also
but
"
hidden
the
insight into
welfare
nature
it
was,
feel
naissance
Re-
the
sixteenth
tury
cen-
medieval
point of
its scholastic
science,"
view.
"To
Middle
Ages
"nature
Windelband,^
says
which
the
the
the
Church
profane,
the
had
and
was
placed
wicked;
it
closed
its seal.
was
investigated
natural
recoil
Geschichte
der
there
neueren
or
took
upon
Nature
was
hated, combated,
book
understood.
possession
but
anything
And
of
in
the
p.
the
spirit
42.
THE
awakening
for nature,
longing
knowledge
"But
to
be
nature
first
with
Cassirer^
the
and
form
which
neueren
and
the
(2d
before
new
that
nature
peculiar
some
of
lation,
reve-
the
thus
took
nature
the
as
the
eternal
time
leads
with
which
at
the
ophy
philosveil
dense
in
outlines
and
reality.
The
but
forms
lectual
intel-
rarely
later
to
sure
science
can
of
processes
the
well
ence."
sci-
of
the
cepts
con-
phenomena
in the
time
in his
writings.
to
own
scholars
philosophy
Philosophie
thought
upbuilding
apply
found
in der
them,
anticipates,in symbolic
conventional
natural
natural
"Through
natural
Erkenntnisprohlem
Zeit
It
approached
superstitionsurround
repeated
and
prevailing
Das
the
the
be
of Paracelsus
and
summarizes
of
nature
Among
wish
to
doctrine, and
secret
characterizations
These
be
to
believed
through
it nevertheless
to
seemed
was
language, general
are
of
not
knowledge
results
but
She
was
emerge
of
fruitful
connect,
nature.
concepts
fantasy and
labor
and
of
Renaissance,
view
new
forces
direction."
nevertheless
there
the
the
fantastic
which
of the
power,
mysterious knowledge.
mystical
toward
as
life,for
at, it
by
of
of
arrived
approached
Or
of
determinations,
be
struggle
form
mystery.
scholastic
was
to
natural
living nature
and
was
through
the
method
for
was
revealed
through
its
command
and
felt that
was
of
conscious
freedom,
to
27
NATURE.
OF
VIEW
PARACELSAN
p. 205.
was
und
of
a
the
time
degenerate
Wissenschaft
der
28
PARACELSUS
had
oped
develThe
philosophy.
neo-Platonic
of the
revival
original Greek
there
Renaissance
the
During
sources.
in the
existed
than
mysticism
of
more
and
much
by
corrupted
influences
Oriental
through
interpreters
Arabian
by
obscured
and
fied
transmitted, modi-
been
had
which
Aristotelianism,
las
generally credited originator of this revival is Nichoof Cusa
( 1401-1464), but its chief propagandists
Marsilius
and
Fici-
this somewhat
latter
had
philosophy
natural
fantastic
the
Through
(1433-99).
nus
^notablyGiovanni
"
(1463-94)
della Mirandola
Pico
spread
Germany,
to
where
Reuchlin
(1455-1522),
Trithemius
(1462-
1516),
Cornelius
Agrippa
Nettesheim
(1486-
1535)
prominent
were
(1476-1553)
Bovillus
these
Of
in
named
him
by
as
or
and
authors
with
of
the
fundamental
whether
whose
"
be
school
Chr.
Ficinus
believes, is
Sigwart, Kleine
A. Lehmann,
at
or
und
was
is familiar.
is
and
to
raneous
contempobut
was
that
to
indebted
philosophy
difficult
etc., 2d
one
for
fessor
Pro-
as
as
to
Alfred
decide.
Zauberei,
few
of nature
LuUus,
Agrippa,
present
Schriften, 2d
Aberglaube
fact, he
of his
Sigwart' thinks,
Lehmann*
observed,
his
mentioned
he
safely assumed
notions
been
among
also
are
Paracelsus
directly to
tive.
representa-
as
works
in
France
previously
Paracelsus
it will be
It may
this
has
Agrippa
Paracelsus's
older.
more
from
Ficinus
Agrippa's lifetime,
years
prominent
in
while
exponents,
was
quotation
with
von
Trithemius
men
teachers.
"
Academy
Florentine
in the
were
p. 42.
PARACELSAN
THE
Lehmann
Mirandola
that
Trithemius
friend
Hebrew
Agrippa
Reuchlin
who
and
the
and
he
and
teacher,
we
Florentine
of
venturesome
especiallyappealed
of
telianism
the
to
of the
recognition
observation
sfeems
it
appeal
and
a
to
the
to
to the
as
of
belief of that
well
for
as
the
many
it
of
opened
of
the
to
"
the
path
and
icine.
of med-
of that
much
was
in
fifteenth
unite
into
mysterious
many
they presented
as
the
experiment
attempt
the
ture
na-
lifeless Aristo-
philosophy
notions
The
probably
in the
was
views, there
popular
time
It
development
neo-Platonic
philosophy
nature
it
and
value
was
strict adherent
because
the
centuries.
natural
phenomena
of
all
philosophy of the
too
was
original
because
present
our
sixteenth
quasi
the
as
time
and
the. basis
as
Fantastic
to
day,
his
theories.
Paracelsus
of
be
dry
and
from
own
philosophy.
the
the
as
drew
of his
to
him
to
revolt' from
he
Paracelsus
of
Ficinus
Trithemius
that
thinker
form
particular
any
of
neo-Platonic
Academy, yet
of
foundations
philosophy
in the
rooted
student
Reuchlin
both
believe
natural
of Trithemius.
mentions
well
was
From
friend
in the construction
the
deeply
the
acknowledges
may
sources
Though
profound
Cabbala.
was
Paracelsus
Agrippa,
and
also
Trithemius
a
received
probably
As
these
of
in
[Ficinus?] initiated
his
was
della
cabbalisticae
Cabbala.
the
Pico
that
Conclusiones
of
29
NATURE.
fact
the
to
pupil
into
of
theory
his
wrote
and
i486
attention
calls
OF
VIEW
themselves
supernattiralphenomena
equally mysterious
natural
phe-
PARACELSUS.
30
nomena
attempted
Paracelsus
period
the
for
accounted
rational
in
only
of
philosophy
orthodox
the
which
things
many
philosophy of
explanations
the
and
give
to
The
imagination.
the
to
Agrippa
of
magic"
"natural
of
inspiring
was
"
purely mystical
sense.
fundamental
of the
influence
in
considered
occult
spiritsor
universe,
and
sun
metals
too, it is
of
these
be
able
Or,
philosophy
of the
investigation of
clearer
"
"In
universe
"
views
with
of
the
has
Agrippa,
Op. cit..I,
p.
63
So,
through knowledge
of
of
in
is to
takes
life
given
us
and
the
is
things
in
nature
neo-Platonist
macrocosm
human
mals,
ani-
physical states.
Cassirer^
analogies
the
ences
influ-
man
of what
in
things
definite
powers
says
French
fantastic
Lehmann"
magic
as
cosm,
micro-
plants and
properties
the
the
Through
exert
and
man
and
is the
all
stars,
may
hidden
or
influence
ways.
obtain
waters,
his mental
occult
to
Man
an
sidered
con-
so
center
macrocosm.
and
impossible that
not
the
sense
the
was
universe,
properties
moon
and
man,
upon
higher
has
earth
the
material
the
universe
the external
their
As
external universe.
of the
epitome
of
center
phenomena
phenomenon
every
other.
every
upon
the
was
that
universe, such
all the
of
interrelation
the
was'
losophy
phi-
neo-Platonic
of this
concept
Bovillus, the
enable
us
the
developed
resemblance
0
op.
and
of the
to
cit.,pp.
to
cosm
micro-
comparison
synopsis
velous
mar-
discussingthe
place in
the
may
of the
preted."
inter-
natural
much
195-202.
of
THE
PARACELSAN
Paracelsus's
all
to
theories
objects in
is
OF
NATURE.
sympathies
and
believes
and
antipathies by appropriate
"This
attained
element
Agrippa
magic,"
importance
certain
medical
"The
says,
world
by
Thus
the
the
higher
Architect
and
receives
and
Prototype
the
and
thus, thinks
it becomes
the powers
through
and
This
natural
sciences.
of the
their
It
us
to
parts
paths
of
us
powers
for
the
or
in the
are
of
of
us
God,
words
the
religion; it
concerning
of
the
knowledge
universe
which
dimensions
man
knowledge.
greatest
Mathematics,
observances, forms
it informs
And
the ladder
and
the
the
"
as
teaches
and
to
serve
ob-
the
and
devils
in three
nature
teaches
angels,
sacred
in its
know
which
reascend
powers
which
things
elements,
and
the
the
of
through
out
possible
to
him
universe
into man."
comprises: Physics,
causes,
whole
nature
is to
magic
nature
of
the
the
is
lower
its power.
flow
thence
gain supernatural
to
of
omnipotence
Agrippa,
sential
es-
of Paracelsus."
thence
of His
the
an
mentary,
threefold, namely, ele-
angels,
"first
as
tained.
ob-
fundamental
adopted
system
is
traordinary
ex-
be
might
its
were
thies
sympa-
Lehmann,
says
when
changes
in the
thies,
antipa-
and
methods
results
attributes
by influencingthese
supernatural
great
with
that
natural
striking.Agrippa
the universe
or
ideas
VIEW
and
and
the
soul, intelligences,
teaches
also
us
mysteries ; and
faith
and
symbols
and
the
the
finally
miracles,
the
sacred
PARACELSUS.
32
Operations and
the
sciences
He
who
Agrippa
the
and
it
Air.
and
Each
of
the
the
the
another
in
"
four
elements
hot
"
According
nature
the
to
sphere
or
Agrippa
in the
universe, influence
influence
the
all
things
in
that
everything
attracts
four
relation
ties
qualito
one
cold
or
of
higher
worlds
of
sphere
same
is
This
dry
"
higher, though
in the
their
other
Earth
three
the
or
another.
one
element.
"
Water
"
more
quality, the
moist
are
ments
ele-
fashion:
Fire
Air
these
special qualities
two
in
back, when
of
illustratingthe
Aristotelian
the
falls
they
these,
of
combination
by
with
another
to
diagram
but
has
composed
be
Fire, Earth,
None
characteristic
transition
but
confused
elements
is the
represented by
and
be
may
four
one
sciences
composed
everything
in nature,
pure
and
which
forms
is
elements.
the
to
elements,
Everything
perishes, into
mixed
of
all substances
metamorphosis,
less
fects.
per-
Aristotelian
occurs
and
three
these
three
These
seals.
the
know
not
supposes
and
by
not
does
four
Water
of
natural
understand
cannot
of
mysteries
less
influence
and
degree.
one
is attracted
also
Also
another
by
its
like.
The
philosophy
resemblances
to
that
of
of
Paracelsus
Agrippa.
presents
The
form
distinct
of
the
THE
neo-Platonic
well
served
quite
in
important.
of
and
that
of
with
another.
the microcosm,
knowledge
by
The
universe
the
study
of the
Paracelsus
with
as
Bovillus, dominant
Instead, however,
of the
(including magic
Theology,
Natural
also
Alchemy
natural
righteousness),
which
upon
"Virtue"
the
as
of
"Theology"
Paracelsus
of the
which
upon
rejectsthe
Paracelsus
as
determining
the
bodies
Agrippa
and
elements.
Mercury,
volatility,Sulphur,
and
Salt,
the
for
that
action
the
the
fire.
the
(or
four
pillars
must
rest.
from
the
rejection by
ceremonies
acles
mir-
and
places emphasis.
four
them
Aristotelian
elements
principles
his
principle
principle
principle which
of
Virtue
the
constituent
substitutes
of
Astronomy,
and
in
matics
Mathe-
Philosophy
differs
mainly
pa,
Agrip-
Science
Medicine
forms,
many
his
Cabbala)
the
substitutes
science
Agrippa
were
with
of
the
"
is founded
of
separate
numbers
constitutes
Science
rocosm,
mac-
the
also
philosophy),
he
which
the
philosophy).
chemistry)
(meaning
as
man
reached,
sciences
three
Paracelsus
Magic,
(meaning
which
upon
fluences
in-
ideas.
natural
Physics (meaning
of
as
and
Agrippa
the
to
macrocosm
be
must
festly
mani-
mutual
concepts
outer
ferences
dif-
the
as
their
the
may
was
Agrippa
and
microcosm
the
contemporary
and
Paracelsus
universe
the
one
and
starting-point,but
agreement
divisions
upon
his
as
also
are
with
33
NATURE.
OF
have
three
VIEW
PARACELSAN
is
three
of
of
of
all
alchemical
liquidityand
combustibility,
permanent
and
sists
re-
PARACELSUS.
34
The
differed
closet
loose
and
much
interested
for
its
rational
basis
he
mind
theories
it
was
of it
could
as
them,
he
and
at
system
introduced
such
theological ideas
only through
not
but
respect,
school
of
classes
of
Thus
and
less
also
ideas
"
the
his
and
system
which
his
more
direct
of
medicine
influence
on
he
than
profession
the
of the
he
as
and
a
as
saw
tensions
ex-
arrived
channels
philosophy,
it had
the
of the
felt but
with
little
wider
all
among
lands.
logically developed
nevertheless, because
on
elements
had
experience
in many
of
he
contact
and
the
medical, chemical
indeed
through
such
things
conventional
sources
observation
people
his
of
philosophy
of
of
losophy
phi-
much
so
modifications
with
harmonized
as
and
not
was
way
adaptation
imaginative adaptation
an
Galenic
the
consistent
and
carefully thought-out
schooled
less
of medicine
His
of nature.
study
in
so
neo-Platonic
and
stood
not
philosophy
or
of the science
neo-Platonic
current
more
Aristotelian
his
development
of the
been
often
was
natural
was
seem,
utilizing the
had
the
to
it would
was,
in
as
for
which
reasoning
elaborating
sake
own
substitute
He
in
in which
system
as
careless.
the
Paracelsus
For
His
philosopher.
the
in
than
ideas
fundamental
the
celsus
Para-
and
emphasis
the
in
philosophical notions.
formal
presented by
as
more
even
of
application
not
of nature
philosophy
or
less
the
even
consistent
philosophy
by Agrippa,
application to
and
common
the
chemistry,
thought
tical
prac-
was
of
of the
time.
VIEW
PARACELSAN
THE
As
arrived
celsus
"Para-
expressed it/
has
writer
recent
35
NATURE.
OF
his
from
the
latter
and
in motion.
arose
Giordano
him
influence
The
from
of
only influence
Meister
late
life and
given
actuality as
always
was
Or
to
quote
and
of
means
of
III,
Moeller
p.
the
latter
the
van
whole
den
the
ment
developfull of
so
his
that
"
has
cism
mysti-
that
actuality
"
eminent
historian
who
his
Bruck, Die
had
it
primitive
emphasized
remained
not
made
was
philosophy.
Deutschen,
Minden
losophy
phi-
doctrine
that
of
of
was
latelybeen
of
the
"Although
even
Sabunde,
the
have
Paracelsus
which
of
cold
must
warm,
Microcosm
Paracelsus,
to
so
vivified
re-
nature."
and
had
of
Raymond
point
from
Macrocosm
antiquity
mysticism
only
was
remarkable
was
Erdmann:'
H.
J.
that
remained
always
cosmos
''
this
For
of the
philosophy
furthered
of nature,
was
that
that
have
medieval
the
ideas, which
have
metaphysics
us.
of the
than
rather
of
of
metaphysics
transparent
hindered
But
Renaissance.
could
fashionable
that
[sic]
younger
which
was
the
saw
was
from
Eckehart,
neo-Platonism,
of the
also
outside, apart
theless,
Never-
him
after
century
Cardan
him.
first who
the
was
a
cosmological
reached
not
Nearly
Bruno.
Paracelsus.
reached
had
metaphysician
as
world
than
produced
He
known
un-
and
the
by
by
central
designates
i.W.,
n.
d.
(1904),
74.
^History
I, p. 613.
of Philosophy
(trans, by W.
S.
Hough),
London,
1893,
36
PARACELSUS.
nature
the
two
antagonistic, or
were
subordinated
were
God
the
former
by philosophy,
comprehended
are
of Christ
works
or
of
works
the
by theology."
latter
it is
While
foreign
in
describe
to
better
for
they possessed
divides
Paracelsus
into
the
he
in man,
spheres,
is,the fluids, organs,
the
the
of the
and
and
; the
us
wrote.
or
rocosm
mac-
tangible;
heavenly
spiritual.
three
microcosm,
etc.
enable
and
divine
visible
bones,
of the
universe
world
the
ophy
philos-
significance
he
visible
the
celestial,or
sees
and
external
the
ment
treat-
some
to
serve
in which
time
worlds,
three
; and
Similarly
will
(or sidereal),.the
astral
bodies
the
of
influence
the
natural
the
summary
features
understand
to
of this
purpose
detail
brief
characteristic
more
the
to
great
Paracelsus,
of
the
of nature
works
either
are
theology
the
but
cludes
ex-
though
as
though
as
philosophy,
to
Not
theology.
all
latter
the
from
hence
the
as
responding
cor-
tangible,
astral, the
that
sations,
sen-
(Seele).
The
divisions
of
three
the
science
of
the
(and astrology)
sciences
the
would
affects
his
the
what
life,health,
grounded
Paracelsus
theology
microcosm
adds
takes
and
is to
the
place
three
alchemy,
which
{propriebe
stood
underhe
macrocosm,
in man,
well-being must
in these
these
astronomy
virtue
or
of
philosophy,
are
of nature;
interpreted through
know
treat
macrocosm,
phenomena
; and
which
sciences.
term,
and
be
To
what
oughly
thorthese
however,
he
THE
PARACELSAN
in the
uses
mystical
word
of
He
the
up
of
Sulphur
and
effect
the
character
the
to
the
So
"Now
which
medicine
and
highest
his
in her
keen
great
alchemist
cloth.
man
Paracelsus
knowledge
develop
of
from
philosophy?
"
nature?"^"
1
nature
nature
what
"
speaks
"As
"
is
an
the
be
kept
so
perfected,
This
it.
is
baker
an
vine-grower
he
point
to
makes
useful
it
which
alchemist."
philosophy
other
other
in mind
i"
than
that
the
as
physician
nature
philosophy
it should
the
the
is
and
in nature
of
now
what
"
is
when
the
the
to
without
perfect
grows
is
subtle
that
weaver
he
nature,
When
be used
For
it to
on
foundation, all
so
not
bread,
the
brings
When
is
must
bakes
whoever
by
an
foundation
in this
man
whatever
ordered
was
is herself
experienced
will
she
Therefore
"
and
alchemy.
wine,
makes
in
produced
alchemy.
yieldsnothing
he
when
he
when
is called
is
nature
state, but
in its natural
be
in
similar
are
third
degree
that
she-
For
art.
perfecting
skilled
For
matters
are
which
nature
Nature
which
stands,
vain.
in
may
the
to
as
is not
stances,
sub-
all
:"
greatest
is in
art
which
chemist.
says
further
physician
the
to
he
the
principlesMercury,
of matter
forms
to
elements,
processes
changes
laboratory of
alchemist.
the
in the
that
considers
chemical
three
the
fourth
the
as
Aristotelian
four
in
attribute
we
chemistry
he
as
Salt, and
changes
present
adds
medicine,
even
made
at
than
rather
chemistry
which
sense
alchemy.
pillar
the
of
sense
37
NATURE.
OF
VIEW
must
'
than
ible
invisto his
Ibid.,I, 205.
38
PARACELSUS.
mind
of
the
stars,
the
of
air
or
the
waters,
of
view
another
one
belief
The
The
of
health
was
H.
the
nymphs
time.
The
by
the
all
things
the
sumption
as-
pathies
sym-
spirits (Geister).
their
of the
stars
well-nigh
was
ogy."
"astrol-
comprehended
interpretation of
customary
its
through
man
of
by
existences
"astronomy"
of
represented
exerted
upon
were
neo-Platonic
Paracelsus
such
influence
influence
the
from
and
in the
universal, and
and
in
antipathies
and
gnomes
influences
the
of
devils, spirits
which
belief
the
The
superstition.
angels
his
universe
the
encouraged
upon
in
credited
generally
gates
rele-
day
our
and
of
of
influences
of
and
fable
of
domain
the
of supposed
number
great
knowledge
the
which
facts
to
included
nature
nomena
phe-
generally, the
contemporaries
his
to
as
bodies
heavenly
the
nature
upon
man's
quotes
purely mystical. Troels-Lund"
Ranzau
(1676), a post-Paracelsan writer,
discussion
following
the
fairlyrepresenting
view
the
of
which
be
may
conventional
matter
accepted
and
purely
as
tical
mys-
:
.
"The
first
which
man
with
The
second
created
the
should
dependent
""*
Gesundlieit
sic, 1901,
p. 80
only
months
years,
conclusions
is
is the
not
sign
sin
came
cause
these
be
of disease
cause
to
as
upon
und
to
the
and
that
we
Krankheit
death
into
For
the
be
but
which
superior.
in der
of
may
days,
from
future.
the
fall of the
influence
and
us
is the
the
The
Anschauung
the
we
world.
God
stars.
able
also
first
to
ure
meas-
that
they
draw
may
inferior
world
heavenly
alter Zeiten,
bod-
Leip-
THE
ies
exercise
certain
the
upon
[Sdfte]
VIEW
PARACELSAN
of
the
conditions
body
the
further
the
moon
crescent
the
and
he
will
the
fluids
the
animals.
ruled
before
tendency
influence
of
Mirandola,
birth,
they
the
to
diseases
"
with
in
and
man
are
"
in
therefore
fluids
bad
death."
symptoms
were
notions
Giovanni
of the
Pico
following
year
of
also
mystical
Thus
the
influence
from
there
the
stars.
died
but
fidence
con-
increase
bodies
bodies,
discredit
lacks
For
"
our
Paracelsus
the
who
marrow
of
from
clearly that
the
body
the
things
one
any
or
character
all
convinced.
of the
fluids
della
Paracelsus's
says:
"The
stars
laws.
They
material
bodies
power
they
earth.
Not
read
the
such
as
are
which
able
they
to
natural
signs
and
are
subject
to
to
or
indicate
or
the
the
predict.
in himself
A
for
stars
his
of
The
whose
influences
secret
its
effects
qualitiesby
destiny.
is indebted
what
and
causes
but
predict
real
produce
of his
not
and
occult
no
heavens
foundations
accomplishments
the
possess
in the
Aristotle
world
either
are
happenings
heavenly
Their
cause.
the
to
indicate
only
can
themselves
belong
the
and
in
observe
be
heavenly
diseases
If
but
fluids
the
by
him
brain"
The
Even
of
let
moon
blood,
arise
this
and
plainlyand
so
is needed.
proof
in
this
the
augmented
position
experience,
teacher, shows
surest
no
Daily
stars.
the
to
ence
influ-
and
whereby
modified,
are
diminished, according
of
action
mysterious
lower
39
NATURE.
OF
must
on
each
great thinker
capacities and
under
which
he
PARACELSUS.
40
but
born,
was
Paracelsus
So
their
bodies
the
And
would
natured
they
as
choleric, one
their
they
have
complexion,
traits, no
had
would
people
been
had
You
cruel,
had
though
Helen
older
than
also
were
"A
fruit
Venus
had
a
no
in the
consider
that
obtained
of
Mars
it from
nature,
one
still would
although
before
such
Although
existed
and
strumpet,
moon
because
Venus
never
no
just
child.
neither
and
have
that
his
was
firmament,
though
people
his
if Saturn
it. For
and
so,
in
man
Venus
Helen
is
there
strumpets.
that
is thrown
itself,for
[ens seminis]
"
Helen
no
nor
believe
nature
Helen
seed
of
Nero
see
been
have
stars, for
characteristic
no
shortens
just
not
same
You
nor
still would
must
the
the
disturbs
heavens
born
therefore
other.
and
be
form,
no
entity of
is,they give
that
body,
pious,
one
in the
from
come
Saturn
in the
created
natures.
they
of
been
untrue,
other
an-
individuality.'"^
lengthens
never
melancholic,
one
qualitiesare
not
yet
nor
born, complexioned
so
"
world.
the
existed
had
another
in the
no
course
life,neither
are
colors,
no
nature,
"The
now
do
part
no
just
Such
and
natures
be
principle
the
of
away
planet
received
Eve
through
or
true,
wicked.
another
and
passing
the
star
no
children
and
creation
to
up
though
the
received
he
and
"Adam
says:
the
at
seed
were,
is
which
genius
own
God."
from
of
his
to
it has
within
into
the
it, but
the
earth
principle of
if the
sun
were
yields its
the
seed
not, it
THE
would
not
the
nor
the
firmament
not
it grows
and
of
that
the mother
is
"But
or
evil
good nothing
are
evil,evil
they
are
they
surround
the
toward
them
note
they
contaminate
the
when
there
It may
stars.
that
part where
also
it is with
This
habit
is
an
not
of his time
'3/6"rf., I, 6.
poison
the
the
of
by
an
of
but
is
first
that
air
through
Therefore
poisonous
place
properties
"
fore
Thereeases
'dis-
such
of
those
but
earth
strongest.
only
And
so
stars.""
of the
very
when
the
egg:
are
any
they
note
world.
whole
influences
good
illustration
of Paracelsus,
beliefs
have
worse,
their poison.
to
come
also
When
Take
the
its.influence
the
have
them.
shell
The
ties,
proper-
stars
passes
air with
as
"^^
manifold
which
stars
poisons
these
appear
of
but
sun,
stars.
them,
and
center
those
earth,
of the
from
the
as
shell
that
now
from
earth
the
through
comes
The
the
bitterer.
or
comes
comes
the
have
better, sometimes
milder
sourer,
must
....
The
have.
men
for
mother,
stars
any
their
and
sometimes
changes,
sweeter
the earth.
earth
on
child
seed
without
digestion
their nature
just as
planets,its
nor
The
digestion without
that
in the
say,
stars
no
place in
takes
understand
have
is to
its star.
and
no
mark
digestion [gestation]
affords
however,
their
its
digestion,that
digestionand
it,
....
in the
planet
s^in makes
it its time
sets
sun
the
things, but
without
is its
mother
the
that
such
nor
4I
NATURE.
OF
not
grow
therefore
stars
Think
grow.
warmth
may
VIEW
PARACELSAN
characteristic
some
plausiblyrational theory.
^*
Ibid.,I,
7.
PARACELSUS.
42
In his time
the
the
earth
and
planets revolved,
was
supposed
their
The
the
not
he
has
him
to
and
like
the
to
things.
heaven
For
heavenly
Says
celsus:'"'
Para-
The
and
stars
him
and
ruled, mastered,
stars,
to
rule
can
cord
ac-
the
that
so
he
gallows,
the
essential
was
of Paracelsus
could
the
influences
to
the
because
"
of
sician
phy-
external
physician
affecting man
pletely
com-
(the
quote:'"
is its
but
man
as
he
own
has
is
more
"=
op.
'"
fol, I, 910,
in
follow
thief
tent
consis-
more
must
the
bodies.
less
him.
is
celsus
Para-
as
stars
by
view
the
To
microcosm).
wounds,
the
complete understanding
understand
"The
diseases
man
for
account
and
man
the
(the macrocosm)
nature
its
the
of all nature
according
only through
nothing
wheel."
the
study
The
not
brutish
them
follow
to
was
there
wise
in
them
strange
Agrippa.
the
necessitated
and
murderer
of
monly
com-
time
is, however,
that
and
them.
to
to
passage
and
stars,
subject
compelled
health
know
are
our
time
own
philosophy
the
"Therefore
master
of
was
support
to
the
with
his
credited
following
with
and
to
thought
upon
others
with
to
atmosphere
the
moon
smi,
imaginative hypothesis to
influences
such
and
the
which
about
"
extend
to
yet
"
in this
absurd
center
To
places.
fantastic
and
cosmology prevailed,
the Ptolemaic
when
"De
natnra
physician
his
is
shortcomings
than
rerum."
as
mortal
dog
in
of
such
creature,
THE
he
have
must
is in the
order
is.
what
matter
no
his
father
and
must
and
that
see
and
in
this
[air] ;
blood
from
These
diseases
for
this
and
the
beasts
that
the
that
and
of
man
fourth
his
to
the
of
of
sick
and
their
Light
that
he
and
subject
mission
their
and
earth.
exist
only
forest
is like the
he
observe
man
all created
hands
virtue
of
obedience
things
the
the
the
teachings
universe
health
physician
of
of nature,
obligation
prepare
their
of
of Christ.
direct
as
and
toward
to
will
the
through
man
into
God
the
through
with
is treated
[proprie-
Paracelsus
to
of
profession
Nature."
the
flesh
of the
must
of
is from
health
that
Therefore
health,
from
beasts
in
made, this
thy
there
see
profession by studying
of
this
thou
the
may
of the
forces
the
medical
the
know
that,
and
has
of their
may
and
of
God's
Mars
water,
and
men
direction
the
generally
to
diseases
hast
place
man
recognize
must
this, Luna;
itself in the
of nature
powers
is,he
what
know
may
pillar of medicine,
recognition
and
he
from
In
himself."
know
tas), resolves
a
who
so?
necessary
man
gain experience
may
The
that
better.
not
and
he
But
element
field,and
himself
not
this member
Venus,
is this
is and
were
[the macrocosm]
member,
Chaos
sick.
in the
earth, what
he
who
what
know
must
Why
knowledge
be
not
know
may
this
He
water.
43
NATURE.
OF
in the
what
in the
he
If
would
and
what
that
VIEW
knowledge.
more
heavens
air, and
he
PARACELSAN
the
Quite
tion
applica-
agent
of
his
standing
under-
the
duties
to
poor
and
themselves
science
in
the
for
"the
THEORY.
MEDICAL
the
main
ix.
and
as
the
theory
AS
and
his
philosophy
of
theory
history
The
of
practice
at
results
of
his
natural
gives
radical
of
his
his
perience
ex-
ined-
ophy.
philos-
dence
evi-
ample
reform
period
the
with
of
also
science
need
great
and
theory
medical
of
formulate
Naturally
to
first
harmonize
the
related
closely
is
on
of
was
should
he
and
nature
it
should
observation.
and
ical
that
medicine
of
theory
that
mission
his
to
medicine,
authorities
medicine,
of
practice
in
lay
ancient
the
rejected
he
importance
Paracelsus
of
interest
both
the
in
of
activity
Paracelsus.
The
accepted
by
of
Hippocrates
Greek
much
and
in
had
his
human
the
physicians
of
to
advance
subject,
Galen
of
were
the
but
of
ancient
the
animal
upon
time
almost
of
the
Arabian
The
accomplished
of
medicine,
indeed
not
bodies.
Paracelsus
unknown
in
latter.
practice
dissections,
thorized
au-
ties
authori-
their
indeed
the
as
taught
and
had
performed
even
the
texts
Galen
Galen
time
and
the
particularly
physician
doctrines
upon
and
and
medical
faculties
founded
was
interpreters,
of
medical
the
universities
body
the
in
their
But
on
to
ancient
purity,
MEDICAL
but
read
were
interpolated by
Averrhoes, Mesne
sixteenth
Arabian
and
century
with
Oriental
teachings
been
for
finished
and
interpreted
doctrines
as
be
in
and
be
taught,
doctrines
evident
to
bound
was
to
Naturally
the
also
lifeless
theories
and
them.
meet
condition
degenerate
ignorance
the
when
men
should
medical
the
ranks
itself
"
protest
arisen
have
of
though
the
into
some
ties.
authori-
puzzle
caste.
incapacity,fostered
the
conventional
of
phase
or
dogmas,
symptoms
Renaissance,
in the
thoughts,
as
to
practice,not
by
pretentiousness and
new
there
be
profession
and
many
the
while
self-satisfied
suspicion
and
might
could
the
voice
within
profession
raised
was
feature
there
sufficiency
perhaps
conventionally trained
here
against
to
medical
also that
and
theory
that
measures
rise to
gave
thinking
were
of
of
It followed
nor
aged,
encour-
sacred
stereotyped system
remedies, often
hypocrisy.
were
arisen
the
Church
the
Naturally enough,
prevailed
teaching
and
these
had
were
expounded,
tolerated
unauthorized
new
science
experiments
to
infallible
as
of
had
contradicted
not
opinions
over,
More-
profession.
commentated,
diseases
new
profession, no
attempted
or
No
medical
but
laid
over-
authorities
authorities
contradiction
Though
such
of
the
seriouslyquestioned.
no
in the
still held
were
they might
"
Galenism
mysticism.
spiritstill ruled
book, just
final
were
and
of the
Galenism
of the Arabian-Greek
The
dogmas.
The
corrupted
occultism
centuries
and
interpreters, Avicenna,
others.
was
the medieval
The
45
THEORY.
of
in
medical
4-6
PARACELSUS.
practice
the
theory
or
It
indeed
was,
acquiring
indeed
"And
but
Agrippa
in
"The
physicians
it is
as
tedious
of craft
or
these
hours
shamelessness
according
kinds
and
to
the
medicines
are
that
by
can
on
foresee
Peter
himself
that
of
latter
and
effects
action
the
so
that
which
of
always
and
native
will arise
edies
rem-
acted
counter-
human
no
all
in such
is
one
and
hang
mixed
are
of
ity
sagacfrom
such
mixture."
Ramus,
reform
medicines
patient. Simple
another,
the
abominable
and
the
times
numbers
enormous
their
with
praising
observe
They
cures.
preferred, which
are
in the
astrologicalcalendar,
of amulets
fatherland,
combine
who
and
exactly,dispense
most
distant
tumes,
cos-
Mohammedan,
medicines
those
by
by splendid
jewels, a
strange
monstrous
and
temporary
con-
ten,^
writ-
also
is attained
is
ture."
impos-
had
recommended
rings
and
Paracelsus,
who
are
practised
now
the elder
reputation
of
science,
Nettesheim,
of
Germany
travels,
Hindu
von
greatest
many
''-
art
mus
Eras-
follies
medical
contemporary
whole
celsus
Para-
training,that
his medical
the
the
And
an
of
among
when
time
very
incorporated compound
one
their
the
Praise
time, said
the
during
was
in his
particularly
more
general public.
the
and
laymen
but
"
the
distinguished
professor
great
in the
admirer
Ba.a.s,Geschichtliche
1896, p. 185.
Entivickelune
of
College
the
des
French
work
drztlichen
ist
human-
of France
and
"
skill of
Standes.
Berlin.
Paracelsus,
reformations
"
in the
theology,
of
herbs
effects
an
and
and
the
upon
shortcomings
of the
body
that
the
the
cine;
medi-
ing
analyztheir
of
study
The
totallyneglected."
medical
profession
unappreciated by
not
professors of
and
were
the
of
(in 1562)
Paris
complained
simples
certain
urging
essay
University of
the laziness
emphasized
and
in
shown
as
47
THEORY.
MEDICAL
able
many
dently
evi-
were
rary
contempo-
critics.
The
medical
already mentioned,
Galen.
and
had
been
They
With
such
had
doctrines
The
and
time
of
and
reading
of
the
Dissections
the
in
"
students
were
and
made
the
accepted
authorities.
ancient
practicallyconfined
to
the
of
Averrhoes
doctrine,
their
"
at
and
and
meaning
laboratory
taries
commen-
by
the
1912,
of
town.
Educational
pp.
80, 82.
turer.
lecwere
onstrations
authorities, dem-
presence
of the
the
methods
superficialand
physicians
other
intervals, when
rare
clerical
the
and
the
the
civil and
were
at
and
in
no
universities
Galenic
anatomy
apply
to
in the
sometimes
lacking; though
observations
the
Mesne,
exposition
permitted by
of
was
Avicenna,
interpreters of
and
them
and
interpreters
their
enable
Paracelsus
rates
Hippoc-
observation
by
medieval
medicine
of
of
as
cine
physicians,medi-
learned
formulas
teaching
doctrines
the
their
might
as
based,
was
tive.
living science, though primi-
least
longer experimented
only
period
these-Greek
a
but
the
upon
indeed
at
experiment:
of
theory
crude
the
deed
in-
medical
The
Reformation
first
of
the
48
PARACELSUS.
important publication on
of
studies,
print two
authoritative
The
bile, these
the
to
disturbances
"
fluids
generally
decoctions
in their
this
of
of
admixture.
Galenic
had
become
other
mysticisms,
Church,
while
northern
European
influence
upon
prevalent
summarized
First:
volition
s
as
of
as
warning
41 ff.
the
medical
complex
influences
as
of the
superstitions
without
not
dieval
me-
of
the
their
practice.
interestinglydescribed
sixteenth
disease.
it
and
astrology
superstitions
were
of
use
century
They
may
as
be
the
to
the
briefly
follows:
Disease
op. cit.,pp.
with
of
sisted
con-
unscientific
and
heathen
the
of
cures
the
peoples
has
beliefs
and
causes
the
local
Troels-Lund"
and
Oriental
through
complicated
and
and
symptoms,
fantastic
theory,
was,
balance
generally extremely
But
by
directed
was
bleeding, purging,
herbs,
disease.
or
disturbed
the
by
portions
pro-
indicated
was
treatment
supposed
indicated
qualities as
proper
illnesses
produced
The
the
restoring
in the
disturbances
these
accepted symptoms.
toward
the
Any
of
nature
or
of these
The
humors
four
moist.
warm,
based
was
four
the
related
being
"
analogy
of
fluids of the
black
diseases
of
theory
doctrine
Galenic
the
upon
of Paracelsus.
the death
after
years
in
appeared
which
Vesalius
of
that
was
anatomical
modern
of
development
the
ginnings
be-
the
marking
anatomy,
from
comes
or
as
God
punishment.
by
His
The
direct
logical
THEORY.
MEDICAL
conclusion
effect
of
the
the
that
was
Church
were
which
through
of the
relieve
the
physician
Second
Devil
and
his
the
Church
and
to
assist
could
the
skill of
the
has
been
the
at
them
and
the
Fourth:
Galenic
A
mentioned
elaboration
owing
or
doctrine
fifth
to
planets
with
the
also there
from
above
general
and
idea
the
chance
per-
of
powers
little
was
it
might
room
be he
This
stars.
Here
the
of the
secrets
could
tion
no-
evidently
his
prepared
and
dies
reme-
administer
favorable.
were
from
the
the
body.
disturbances
This
the
was
mentioned.
as
by Troels-Lund,
of
the
knew
time
of
or
certain?
comes
humors
superior
nature,
gathered
Disease
fluids
their
previously.
auspicious
when
in the
who
who
magicians,
physician, though
discussed
also,
formulas,
of
comes
ances,
pen-
So
powers
be
of the
offices of
to
heavens,
the
and
and
alliances
could
skill
prayers,
power
Here
Disease
Third
again
who
"
influence
the
women,
unholy
voked
in-
place.
ceremonies
occult
be
the
(white magic).
their
the
of
"the offices
might
purificationby
wise
(black magic)
for the
Here
to
ities
instrumental-
mercy
from
magic
by
natural
little
avail
owed
even
evil
here
and
exorcisms
knowledge
divine
agents.
might
presumably
the
comes
might
however,
the
permitted
and
penances,
thus
had
exorcisms
be
suffering. Manifestly
Disease
should
Prayers,
cure.
to
God
49
to
the
may
fourth, viz.,
something lacking
in the
cause
of
disease
have
been
but
that
disease
body
which
an
was
medi-
PARACELSUS.
50
cine
could
supply
and
medica
which
presented
almost
incredible
this
To
restore
this idea
with
materia
of
to
in
sixteenth
the
to the
as
These
himself
sidereal
of
poisons;
exists
in
the
the
the
With
of
the
that
to
the
by
respect
he
have
had
explain
an
their
effluvia
of
the
the
of
influence
control
of the
illustration
influence
conveyed
we
by
from
the
influence
or
which
cosm;
micro-
the
rectly
di-
not
punishment.
or
these, the
have
destinies
the
man.
spirit(Geist)
of the
of
or
acting directly to
warning
astrale)
sight.
in-
astrale,
acting
the
God
first of
of
ens
individual,
through
will
ens
recognizes
their
but
way
to
(the
stars
admitting
we
body
"
illness
produce
the
of
acteristic
char-
influence
or
spirituale,influences
deale
ens
veneni,
ens
own
"entities,"
the
are
naturale,
e^is
nature
ens
upon
the
the
his
health
the
influences
ties
authori-
intuitive
five
influence
influence;
the
often
with
some
describes
and
principles or
or
of
with
in accordance
principles,which
active
century
ancient
the
replace
to
more
catalogs
body
celsus,
disease, Para-
of
causes
applied
philosophy of nature,
originality,and with
He
developed
was
repulsive remedies.
and
by something
rium,
equilib-
the
were
astonishing catalog
an
desire
his
there
during
question
it
as
his
influence
already
without
stars
of
man,
curious
and
attempt
hypothesis
stars
seen
of various
through
the
atmosphere.
His
treatment
2"eneni, is of
of
interest
the
as
second
influence,
illustratingboth
the
his
ens
com-
prehension
his
of
fanciful
and
the
give
and
is
there
an
body
in it ; but
its food
for
idea
this
given
was
poison
no
body
elaborates
food
and
useless
material, wholesome
and
be
must
blood
This
the
situated
separates
the
functions
in
the
long
properly
from
become
incapacitated, the
and
from
those
to
animals
vary
in
"The
degree
healthy, though
causes
not
it may
to
to
perfectly
im-
of
are
laboratory.
their
in
the
the
are
of other
peacock.
Other
man.
themselves
needs
lar
simi-
functions
snakes, lizards,stellions
eats
which
poisons being
his functions
in his
those
from
peacock
complete
in-
Archaeus
for
Archaeus
is
"Archaei," and
their
have
poison, but
chemist
of the
animals
are
alchemist,
an
the
his
the
and
separation
the
The
eliminated.
Paracelsus,
from
suffer
we
performs
cause
any
and
out
is wholesome
food
Should
or
spirit.-The
unwholesome
the
body thrives.
ill
son
poi-
is effected
sorts
Archaeus
the
as
our
the
transformed
or
stomach,
wholesome
So
useful
and
considers,
he
directing force
plant
unwholesome,
being
food
He
inated.
bone, etc., the poisons elim-
separation,
Archgeus,
food.
the
the
both
food
the
must
we
that
and
body
and
"Archseus,"
in the
the
In
poison,
poison."*
contain
eat
we
separated,
by
which
poison.
which
that
by explaining
animal
it into
of
without
us
contains
and
food
elaboration
imaginative
"The
theory.
51
THEORY.
MEDICAL
For
is
so
; these
perfect
animals
from
subtle
and
sheer
whatever
that
the
PARACELSUS.
52
alchemist
of
no
other
animal
the
poison
cleverly separates
peacock
the
which
adapted
his alchemist
by
who
injury.
the
is given
materials.
proper
who
alchemist
an
him
for
ordained
been
has
food
has
animal
every
separates
there
ostrich
the
To
which
it and
to
that
then,
"Observe,
so
in that
good,
the
from
without
eats
who
equals him,
arates
sep-
iron," etc.^
an
which
that
It is difficult to say
this
having
what
to
It is
extent
De
the
term
Huser
the
vis,
word
notion
the
philosophy
of
the
sixteenth
century, however,
principle
and
for
"
as
the
parts
'
God
spirit were
the soul
was
microcosm
of
Ibid.,I,
the
10.
is
had
an
noteworthy,
ancient
of the
notions
fable
exact
of
of force
the
and
closely connected,
more
macrocosm
This
here
res,
himself.
the
possesses
"
pears:
ap-
rerum."
omniurh
neo-Platonists
of the
of
definition
demonstration
Paracelsus
after
produxit
quae
is
"force,"
or
possessed by
To
vis
compositor
et
necessarily a
not
following
ista
est
dispensator
though
the
of his
amanuensis
and
pupil
Oporinus,
"Archaeus
The
principle.
that
note
of
in the
or
text
manuscript
est
force
spirit
its own,
of
personality
lieved
be-
true
Latin
Paracelsus,
id
was
typify a
to
Paracelsus
extent
Archseus
presiding
interesting to
work
what
to
individuality or
an
poison
man,
preserves
poison;
illness.
produces
that
and
essence
an
which
is that
essence
is
there
everything
In
universe, and
soul,
souls
that
the
so
or
as
man
spirits. Or,
ostrich
can
eat
iron.
expressed by Agrippa
as
be absurd
if the
which
for all
are
should
had
tree
every
and
stars
of
microcosm,
in his
and
nature
the
external
universe
the
their
predestined
and
have
the
could
exert
human
sun
things, so
determined
body.
to
Venus,
their
have
the
established
brain
the
As
quoted
the
to
course
and
These
by Cassirer,
sense
planets
on
the
health
and
influences
the
eases
dis-
of
all
the
its
has
warmth
its influences
to
the
living
to
sponds
corre-
similarly,the lungs
liver
with
Thus,
body,
and
so
bodies
influences.
of
in
courses,
heavenly
.sun
Mars,
analogies in
oppositions.
*
gall
cosm,
macro-
planets
the
heat
in man;
For
As
As
and
moon
Mercury,
ture
na-
and
and
gives light
and
the
the
in
found
moon
similar
heart, the
To
ens
of the
determined
light and
course
the
to
its
by
the
corresponding planets
have
organism
the
the
the
so
men,
upon
moon
sun,
influence
getters."
be-
natural
influences.
all external
courses.
some
be
to
its sun,
predestined
of
as
has
mirocosm
their
of
epitome
were
counterparts
the
complicated.
more
the
and
than
influence,
dependent
the
was
their
are
soul,
plant
destiny
third
the
individual, is
the
the
man,
which
influences
the
or
nobler
of
description
naturale,
in
part
if every
"
elements,
the
of life and
sources
these
elements
the
The
lack
and
stars
the
beings
"It would
Nettesheim,"
von
heavens, the
themselves
53
THEORY.
MEDICAL
respond
cor-
Jupiter,the kidneys
Thus
etc.
body,
and
the
planets
has
each
its
courses
are,
according
to
Para-
PARACELSUS.
54
celsus, foreordained
their
a
Hfe
activities, as
and
at
certain
hour,
naturale
ens
its
at
for
hundred
different
Thus
one.
and
than
course
are
that
for
according
had
been
just
its
if it had
has
man
what
often
no
slower
creation
the
naturale.
entia
bodily
lived
child,but
ens
his
to
predestined
of
as
one-hour
other
is born
child
courses
in the
are
the
is set
understand
to
predestination
however,
the
we
hourglass
hundred-year
the
And
for
live
as
the
completed
years.
is set
the
example,
hours,
Then
will be
an
is to
and
ten
creation.
planets
"For
time.
determined
time
birth, and
at
Observe,
interrupt
the
predestination."'
All
this
is fanciful
fundamental
one
with
the
which
birth,
influences
The
of
in
witches
health
point
fantastic
of
which
illness
might
ens
little in
be
the
nition
recogenergy
individuals
pendent.
de-
spirituale,is
also
ju.dged from
as
to
at
external
upon
tortured
were
not
of
the
orate
elab-
provided
are
manner
view, though
sorcerers
probably
was
or
the
vital
of
alone
not
influence, the
quite
and
endowments
that
be
to
seems
individuals
fact
is the
present
there
the
fourth
treated
our
varying
The
enough.
underlying
structure
different
and
fantastic
observation
metaphysical
of
and
period
and
thought
when
burned,
of
plausible enough
celsus
Parato
his
contemporaries.
The
which
'
op.
ens
spirituale comprises
afifect the
fol.,I, 14,
those
"Paramimm."
influences
direct
action
the
upon
spirit (Geist)
"Take
this
assistance
spirit which
The
body,
is
in the
death,
our
but
explains
the
will
in
waking
of
in
or
engendered
to
their
spiritthus
over
originator
In
the
do
the
them
the
discussion
of
that
with
the
stylewhich
everything
is
is not
which
holy
he
Ibid., I, 17.
through
hand,
which
uses
and
the
vail
prethe
case
sufferer.
to
into
come
that
festly
mani-
ous
danger-
they "lay
For
not
theology employs.
who
aside
thing
every-
theological,and
does
theology aright.""
"
and
theological.
which
person
stood,
doctrines, if misunder-
is called
which
the
topic Paracelsus
readers
is called
is sacred
this
Church
his
warns
the
is liable
he
spiritsthus
other
attacking spirit, in
realizes
true
the
by
person,
successfullyresist
be
the
created
another
and
to
On
will
the
when
be
spirits of
injury
may
himself
and
of
"
the
possessor.
assailed
conflict
thinks
attack
may
like
that
spiritsmay
he
after
also.
sleeping hours
selected, and
them
suffers
when
man
without
is born
forgotten
these
how
is
That
diseases
from
be
body
which
spirit
no
[Seele]."^
soul
not
is
devil
his
nor
thoughts,
that
suffer
it must
the
effects
spirit.
our
living body
is the
his
the
is not
in
comprehended
nor
from
spirit may
He
the
born
that
spiritsuffers
thus
also
angel
an
distinguishes
(Seek)'.
not
for
[Zulendung],
[Geist]:
is
devil
spiritualeany
ens
^oul
and
there
that
note
matter,
Paracelsus
spirit (Geist).
between
55
THEORY.
MEDICAL
"
Ibid.
not
Also
understand
not
all
56
PARACELSUS.
This
curious
then
the
of
person
one
upon
witchcraft
to
modern
our
that
times
Bruno,
the
instead
offices
of
emphasizes
of nature
will
and
rather
than
He
by
the
through
agent
view
is
is
God
the
at
direct
is he
and
to
completed,
is
through
thought
the
ture
na-
true
the
nomena
phe-
knowledge
This
with
He
so
The
that
acts.
he
the system
understands
God
men.
obtained,
work
through
whom
for
be
to
fluence
in-
through
interference.
who
when
of
that
created
has
the
point
Paracelsus
of
and
of his works.
many
sends
the
period
of
naturally only
physician
the
then
ment
punishthe
may
effected.
be
"When
humanly
He
and
cures.
the
"
help
God
illness
time
proper
is
continually in
send
may
is
cure
forward
turers
lec-
or
health
the
inference
prefers
dominating
brought
As
nature,
writers
recognizes
upon
the
that
physician, therefore,
of
God
of
Church
that
dano
Gior-
and
Cardanus
Paracelsus
idea
the
Miran-
della
and
and
time
that
influences.
accepting
the
or
remember
to
Pico
all believers
deale
of
of
thinkers
Melanchthon,
ens
the
it is well
but
charms
or
strangely foreign
Trithemius,
as
"
magical
of
the
seems
were
upon
But
evil eye
thought,
dola, Agrippa,
In
by magic
representative
such
later
of
the
or
another
of
influence
occult
credited
generally
mechanism
the
explain
to
attempt
performs
2\c.
miracle,
through mankind;
He
does
that
physician."^"
Ibid.,I,
He
if He
through
men,
performs
eflfects
and
it
derful
won-
fore
there-
MEDICAL
He
admits
that
-sicians,those
who
heal
have
there
that
heal
of
the
through
the power
of the
skill in medicine.
faith, but
all others
God
"But
that
is
physician
is the
that
because
the
of
physician
Curing by
cens,
Sara-
Turks,
teaches
the
Christians
dations
foun-
but
for
you
has
of
servant
know
may
what
medicine
created
is the
He
the
and
nature,
of nature.""
master
God
end
the
"
he
for
only
not
all
well.
as
"The
heathen
that
asserts
of medicine
those
the
to
the
phy-
Not
of medicine.
art
Christian
apply
cannot
of
faith,and
having arrived,
punishment
cure
may
kinds
two
the
through
sufficiently
strong
period
be
may
their
through
57
THEORY.
the
and
physician, and
reasons
the
are
physician
yet works
through
the
without
act
physician and does not Himself
this explanation, that such
physician, understand
His
shall
art
that
mystery
know
that
have
may
shall
man
He
God
is, in God
that
they
may
and
that
according
and
but
help through
to
His
help
also
the
the
sick
that
the
practice,and
in
miracles
in
His
artist
is
that
alone,
creatures
in medicine,
predestination
in
its
time."^^
proper
"So
know
whatever
Ibid., I,
then
and
naked
knowledge
"
Himself,
that
physician, but
His
perceive
not
will
not
is the
procedure
that
born
does
nor
He
22.
all, that
bare, and
wisdom,
may
send
but
us.
we
human
with
bring
await
And
beings
the
He
neither
us
of
grace
gives
12
are
us
God
noth-
jiid^^ I 22f.
58
PARACELSUS.
iiig as
free
gift but
He
commands
sick, that
and
so
as
on,
we
Whether
ordains
grow
up,
with
labor
least
knowledge.
As, then,
must
be
which
wish
learn,
to
first
at
man
and
sends
all
things
through
the
at
is
to
us
the
formal
which
in
God,
that
take
has
place
provided
that
should
rule.
the
He
them
which
of
us
consider
we
things
and
to
should
Thus
fields,the
has
the
health
by Paracelsus.
He
present
as
an
this
of man,
as
by
theory
also
organism.
theory
of
of
acterizes
char-
Troels-
follows:
"It
It is
at
de
characterization
whole
to
parasite organism,
then
teaches
if
the
Arabians
relation
natures,
we
Father, when
medicine,
itself
something positive.
two
there
teaches
earth, created
influence
summarizes
the
as
who
God
bodies
cataloging
entertained
well
is in
And
all
the
vineyards."^''
adequately
negative
of
If
the
the
our
of
disease
God
and
master
and
means
is not,
nothing.
God
that
Thus
which
over
five entia
Lund
that
our
find
we
heavens
the
This
disease
as
things
not
human
instrumentalitythrough
meadows
no
do
all
learn,
must
we
instrumentalitywhich
the
man
the
possess
is needful.
Creation.
an
come
well
an
created
be
Him
what
us
we
first foundation
our
acknowledge
we
learn
is not
can
parents;
our
must
difficulty,for
something
For
us.
and
or
teaching
nature;
through
we
well
be
we
-through
He
that
speak,
to
us
life.
form
microcosm.
the
origine
same
morborum
of
life of
Man
time
its own,
is in illness
two
bodies
invisibilium."
in
MEDICAL
and
one
the
make
must
it clear
is always
that
what
intimate
an
understand
To
same.
if
intimate
an
they begin
noticeable
it may
is
to
in
lead
pains
visible.
There
Salt.
three,
is
the
is
nothing
combustible,
found
in
united
that
and
Mercury,
is
that
is ashes
All
volatile, the
the
When
Sulphur,
it.
it.
Try
which
in
more
kept
become
it dies.
and
burns
which
it,that
Life
are
and
this?
firewood
and
death.
to
its elements
understand
it into
Cut
separately
they separate
ceases
not
vaporizes
which
are
do
burn
now
you
is
You
lives.
tree
life
while
But
this is disease
burnings,
and
invisible
If
together.
become
to
they
noticed.
complete separation :
to
something
and
separate
life lasts
as
not
are
Life
constituents:
three
long
and
rightly we
call life.
we
of
So
union
this
is
union
59
THEORY.
these
insoluble,
are
sep-
'
arated
only
when
it dies.
characterize
we
by
the
These
of
names
it is which
three
Sulphur, Mercury,
Salt.""
is
"Disease
of life
"
in the
disease
in
everywhere
pain
the
not
the
form,
and
the
body;
in all
disease
under
choose
call the
put
"
to
flightthe
op. cit.,pp.
lS6f.
conflict
the
or
The
fever,
disease.
of
nature
living force
The
on
comfort,
heat, cold, dis-
as
archseus,
harbored
is carried
only expressions
which
alchemist,
both
are
is felt
regions.
but
the- inner
to
The
invisible forms
two
health, which
organism.
same
are
conflict between
or
within
main
the
pain,
of the
force,
the
organism,
whatever
you,
battle
you
seeks
to
consists
6o
PARACELSUS.
in the
crisis.
dissolve
If the
give
"
If
is dissolved
organism
"Disease
be
and
way,
respiration.
excreta,
'archaeus'
exerted
the
itself he
microcosm,
as
life-phenomena
its
organism;
medical
vital
the
disease
as
and
microcosm
place
is
its
the
when
developing
parasite
within
with
"
own
human
nature
or
forceful
so
phase
of
Paracelsus
lies in nature
thought
is the
tive
cura-
herself, independent
assistance.'
may
understand
without
that
you
for
modern
more
emphasized by
all medical
wounds,
spiritual,half
parasite
takes
in
the
which
"That
as
of
half
is overcome.'"*
is much
power
the
conquers,
life-processeswithin
healing
activitythat
which
kind
succeeds
art
Another
of
and
disease
viewed
perspiration,
as
in death.""
must
what
it is that
heals
has
heals
the
the
force
and
lying
in
naturally
So
with
each
also
compares
the
things.
bone
heals
contained
in
member,
every
has
Theophrast
usually meaning
to
like
its
healing
von
Hohenheim,
which
in
the
That
the
flesh
it must
itself and
159.
Hartmann,
[mwrnm"]
such
90,
"Mumia,
he
force
flesh.
Ibid.,p.
'^R.J.
uses
force
understood,
^=
innate
an
thrusts,
the
say,
fracture,
p.
it
wounds,
to
be
in
somewhat
the
mummy
mystical
mfluence
of
the
sense"
magnet
the
or
as
an
on
dead
Stuttgart, 1904,
body,
attractive
iron
Cf Op
Paracelsus
force
which
fol II 313
thus
has
nature
the
wounded
know
in the
heals
his
art.
the
you,
shield
in every
member
himself
But
you
and
protection
to
that
that
in its
by
the
he
who
is
maintenance
it is to
provide
injured part
external
force
foes
of
and
good
not
may
but
nature,
protection.
take
influence-
Therefore
of
care
wounds
good surgeon.'"'
is but
nature's
the
the
them.
Nature
battle
against
is but
apothecary
to
business
she
the
smith
who
for
ons,
weap-
forges
is therefore
physician
needs
physician
with
nature
the
the
of
what
nature
disease
furnishes
helper, who
The
give
her
battle
....
is the
These
physician.""
medical
theories
in
heretical
of the
have
purpose
vjtal power
of such
protect and
can
"In
to
remain
that
what
in the
spoil the
force
understand
not
that
these
the
it is he
for
nature
against enemies, so
retard, poison, nor
it may
does
exist,learn
surgeon,
should
surgeon
thinks
know
may
heals
which
heals, but
physician
deceives
and
the
that
he
If the
that
that
Therefore
it is not
body.
he
THEORY.
part.
that
6l
MEDICAL
publicly
the
time.
It
of
Least
which
of
were
Paracelsus
of
eyes
the
all
medical
the
fession
prohim
to
without
faculties
that
was
tremely
ex-
medical
his theories
the
were
possible for
not
was
maintained
opposition
practitioners.
universities
the
of
citing
ex-
and
possible in
strongholds
very
the
of
conservatism.
The
18
^^
Chir.
practice
of
his
profession
und
differed
Wundartzney.''
Herkomjnen
der
Frantzosen."
as
de-
62
PARACELSUS.
cidedly
of
methods
with
the
all
in
which
sources
his
and
own
in
used
in
chemical
of
relation
the
to
ideas, and
were
with
during
his
the
is not
remedies
to
the
and
herbs
rejected,
of
chemist
medicinal
spirits,or
processes.
of
using,
mixtures
and
physician
materials
arcana,
In
this
instead
purer
of
their
by
the
line
of
the
medieval
medicinal
vegetable.
lands
or
it
of
of
his
to
and
that
complicated
set
The
costly
the
separate
effective
he
taught
time.
rare
instead
of
many
and
application
work
lated
accumu-
Switzerland,
used
was
and
methods
it is that
literature
taught
suggested
foreign
he
their
in
extent
or
decoctions
and
and
raw
of the
and
Certain
medical
syrups
aim
state.
treatments
complex
he
Germany
and
to
new
in
of
of the
new
what
wanderings
villages
possible
these
to
His
observation
by
tested
and
homely
theories
doubtless
extent
him,
the
substances
man
he
what
original
among
were
these
To
experience.
of
ments
treat-
people.
common
jnineral
nature
and
and
his chemical
or
sojourning
remedies
the
the
and
vegetable
his
and
travels
his
in
healers
of
among
use
lands
from
learn
to
him
to
open
people,
knowledge
nature
the
of
authorities,
hesitated
not
all kinds
by
remedies
new
had
ken
bro-
Having
ancient
the
foreign
all classes
among
of
were
conventional
the
treatment.
teachings
physician
young
and
diagnosis
the
from
theories
his
did
as
true
from
principles,
of
the
and
pharmacopoeia,
preparations,
chemical
example
irrational
simpler
both
tracts
ex-
eral
min-
DEFIANCE
MEDICAL
TO
AND
FACULTY
PROFESSION.
UPON
Paracelsus
the
established
declared
the
made
the
from
theories
Naturally
also
After
medical
few
previously
he
within
the
of
the
title
of
be
appeal
to
of
receive
to
They
Medicine
appear
and
and
defend
To
these
attacks
Paracelsus
the
city
authorities
by
supporting
his
held
they
maintain
position
his
position.
whom
their
under
He
veloped.
de-
his
tures
lecThe
consistently
not
newly
any
rived
ar-
admitted
being
faculty.
Doctor
that
he
that
before
were
interrupted.
statute,
months
medical
appointed,
which
and
upon
soon
that
appears
however,
two
required
title.
with
should,
physician
practice,
it
of
medicine.
of
antagonism
weeks
invoked
faculty
and
profession
and
and
gence
diver-
promptly
he
authorities
practice
of
practice
and
contrary,
faculties
the
interfered
observed
his
and
opposition
and
were
the
ancient
the
upon
prevalent
indignant
On
wide
his
of
doctrines
turer
lec-
University
the
secret
accepted
university
of
at
no
school.
war
office
medicine
upon
Basel,
his
into
entrance
the
to
tion
approbaquestioned
also
demanded
his
that
right
replied
he
had
authority
the
conditions
also
requested
by
to
an
been
by
by
that
64
PARACELSUS.
they
their
use
his
by
authority to put
(1527) he
Latin
program
teach
the
books,
but
his
long
his
own
and
It
writings.
of many
knowledge
the
nor
of
things
business
and
of
the
diseases, their
the
right
these
only
may
and
similar
calculated
Contrary
Though
though
lectured
Luther
others
of
'
Cf. R.
had
his
J. Hartmann,
43f.
the
and
only
in
offenses.
tradition,
tongue."
German,
in Basel
in the
of
and
nacular,
ver-
Oicolam-
supporter
singing
von
"He
antagonists
German
Theophrast
him
program
and
preaching
colleague
hymns
his
his
common
even
by
Basel.
in
observance
preached
introduced
Latin
Ibid., pp.
then
dustry.
in-
Theophrastus.'"
not
were
in the
was
had
and
padius
these
ploy
em-
with
led
his Galenic
make
to
and
to
come
was
varieties
and
be
to
statements
to
edge
knowlIt
the
insight
heard
all academic
to
Paracelsus
should
the
cian,
physi-
the
symptoms
willing
has
the
powers.
know
to
with
were
who
friendly,but
more
and
paths
judge
not
were
who
new
These
physician
causes
made
hidden
their
remedies
Those
into
of
and
from
teach
books, but
of many
reading
of
talking nor
that
languages
not
art
of nature,
smooth
not
was
the
should
He
In
should
teach
should
experience.
tried
formal
the
he
that
knowledge
his
to
lowing
fol-
June
in medicine.
plainly
according
to
seems
posted
courses
stated
he
tions
persecu-
in the
and
and
printed
of his
ancient
medicine
of
had
announcement
this
the
contentions,
his
sustained
have
the
to
City Council
The
opponents.
end
an
German
service, never
Hohenheim,
pp.
SOf.
stead
in-
DEFIANCE
yet had
than
another
was
An
FACULTY
scandal
Opposition
his
to
professorship
his lectures
indeed,
and
but
the
by
his
whom
to
language opened
trained
career
of the
tenure
that
It appears
fied
only by quali-
not
others
many
mally
for-
less
in the
common
It is also doubtless
medical
the
among
students
true
tionally
conven-
should
he
meet
appreciation,counted
this means,
reaching by
his
lectures
door.
hostilitythan
more
given.
for-
long delayed.
not
to
with
academic
largely attended
students
be
to
not
intense.
more
This
language.
his
of
and
larger
in
lecture
to
insult
an
was,
became
schooled,
that
Latin
teachings
were
medical
and
termination
early
inevitable, and
was
ventured
the customary
65
PROFESSION.
AND
university teacher
other
any
TO
upon
more
thetic
sympa-
constituency.
irritated
Constantly
and
sympathizers
Paracelsus
bitter
evidently
medical
and
retaliated
and
for
doctrines, dogmas
the
teaching
This
He
with
breach
students'
that
the
evidences
retorts
into the
most
the
students
among
adversaries.
his
the
which
contempt
by
most
of that
was
sacred
medical
went
even
traditional
bonfire
revered
it
exhibited,
his
on
St.
defiance
to
much
tempt
con-
his
emphasize
by throwing
John's Day
of
the
tion,
celebra-
medical
of Avicenna.
and
open
of the established
was
and
by
practice of
as
authority
their
lectures
authorities
flagrant defiance
world
citizens
and
traditions
and
far
so
hostility
faculty
in
of
expressions
of
like the
insult
to
school.
burning
the
To
of
66
PARACELSUS.
the
by
Martin
of that
day.
bull
papal
world
the
cited before
of
episode
the
his
wounded
There
his
tagonists
an-
and
the
the
in
Sunday, posted
one
lower
to
regions
already
He
the
and
anonymous
irritated
and
addressed
abused
take
they
be
among
the
purpose
his
of
Cf.
he
Chambers'
his
teachings.
attack
must
not
be
Encyclopedia,
the
enraged
physician beyond
and
seek
out
he
If the
should
blamed
1st ed., art.
of
ing
demand-
and
priately
appro-
believed
to
for
lectures
authorities
such
for
durance.
en-
Council
the
to
and
to
him.
of
shade
"
culprits,whom
abusing
Caco-
inferis attacking
ex
appeal
measures
the
punish
the
of his treatment
City, complaining
that
"
public
strong
from
come
the
at
of Latin
better
or
as
ciently.
suffi-
evidence
writings
ridiculing Theophrastus
This
highest degree,
"Theophrastus
to
physician
public places,copies
phrastus," purporting
in
was
irritable
the
own
other
or
addressed
Galen
cantation
re-
appeared
doors
verses
and
admitted
re-
pride
in
allusions
church
geons
Sur-
and
he
hand
own
excited
evidently
later
Gaynes
humble
and
error
standing.''
to
One
of
his
with
signed
Dr.
Physicians
of
that
recall
we
lize
rea-
of Galen,
infallibility
the
acknowledgment
upon
if
England,
in
better
perhaps
act
College
impugning
for
and
the
olic
Cath-
Roman
the
to
may
(1559),
later
generation
only
We
significance of
the
was
Luther
no
"Galenus."'
not
can-
attacks
longer
be
en-
DICFIANCE
TO
WITH
PARACELSUS
Painted
by
death,
an
unknown
when
was
as
charlatan
FACULTY
the
at
artist, about
BOON
balf
The
plain. Original
COMPANION.
century
enemies
struggle between
its height.
is
intention
in
the
67
PROFESSION.
AND
and
to
after
Paracelsus's
stigmatize
Imperial
of
adherents
Gallery
celsus
Para-
Paracelsus
at
Vienna.
68
PARACELSUS.
during them,
take
ranted
unwar-
Council
took
any
and
the
in
should
if he
or
anger
action.
It does
not
upon
this
request,
intensify
the
animosity
action
served
to
still irritated
While
of
and
prominent
Lichtenfels,
for
in.
his
of
suffering
was
physicians
The
health
and
large
mental
thanks
against
denounced
Warned
In
the
make
to
night
thereupon
him.
"
entered
never
with
his
action
such
being quickly
promised
ward.
re-
recovered
his
to
the
pay
and
of
the
liable
is said
he
judges
to
return
to
high hopes
city
and
in
have
to
such
terms
punishment.
severe
that
the
for
ho'wrever, decided
court,
irritation
suit
danger by friends, he
to
called
was
guldens
brought
The
himself
of the
six
dens
gul-
appreciation.
promised.
amount
having
the
at
hundred
equilibrium, declined
and
Paracelsus
as
however,
the
stinate
ob-
and
relief
relief
sum
letter of
ministration
Canon,
Basel, Canon
Paracelsus
physician claimed
the
obtained,
termination.
painful
offered
had
Paracelsus
of
sense
incident
an
receive
Eventually
his
Through
the
citizen of
from
of
some
under
sudden
failing to
cure.
any
to
fession,
pro-
writings.
occurred
wealthy
illness, and
hands
and
in his
career
in Basel
residence
his
rankling
and
academic
the
brought
which
found
be
to
injustice,there
and
abuse
and
attacks
violent
most
by
entertained
and
cisive
de-
episode
faculties
university
the
toward
Paracelsus
the
the
that
appear
left Basel
which
over
he
had
enthusiasm,
and
DEFIANCE
which
TO
left in
he
69
PROFESSION.
AND
FACULTY
bitterness
and
disappointment
of
spirit.
Paracelsus
fall
had
1526
of
in
probably
and
The
finds
but
to
that
of
his
The
work.
theory
of
sense
the
work
orthodox
preserve
lost
extent,
to
some
as
in certain
the
revised
,had written
other
cases
the
following quotation
of its
style and
"That
will
perhaps
to
it might have,
published it,
that
strong
to
serve
work
carefully
he
which
feeling.
The
idea
some
convey
he
content:
they
are
is contained
not
from
mine
but
my
writings
prove,
in the
May-time
at
angry
than
proper
of
stress
otherwise
grounded
it
of communications
first drafts
under
know
we
this
That
himself
had
ful
into boast-
out
which
attack
reaching
sometimes
flavor
lusionment
disil-
academic
vigorous
abuse.
if he
his
of
characteristic
science.
of his
breaking
coarse
printed during
not
formulation
and
"
into
brief
finish
profession
the
Introduction
bitterness
the
caustic
in
form
of medical
disastrous
in
predictions or
was
foundations
injury, and
the
one.
the
in
itself is
versity
uni-
as
adversaries
his
violent
its most
place
momentous
The
the
career
felt toward
he
eloquence, sometimes
rude
brief
particularly
finds vent
upon
L528,
in the
took
departure
and
of
at
career
sudden
in
expression
in Basel
work
for Paracelsus
indignation
Paragranum
his
February,
teacher
his
begun
from
am
in their
their
not
foundation
the
evidence
because
me
authors, results
ignorance,
outside
of medicine
will
write
come
of
for
but
I,
as
well
and
in the
forth.
That
PARACELSUS.
70
they grumble
slight
from
hurt,
nothing
and
therefore
they
cry
out
cry
out
shall
crying
cry
because
it is
that
their
disease
the
"Their
not
to
blame
in
ones
their
these, I
of
art
if I
to
claim
must
medicine
rests,
recognized
not.
And
and
from
Of.
"
manifest."^
to
because
me
ing
accord-
write
nor
is
they
not
the
of the
my
myself
in
order
whether
place the
which
by
writings
then,
Who,
escape
cients
an-
be
can
falseness.
present
for
which
thus, I could
false.
without
am
me
medicine:
made
and
schools
for
that
me,
"Now
leaves
"
of
arts
opposed
I write
falsehood,
them
heaven
disturbed
them:
against
are
themselves
from
the
battle
Should
of
wound
discovered
from
prove
born
lie sick
highest
them.
so
of medicine
art
be
myself
not
and
that
of medicine
art
and
is their
come
does
imperishable
the
they
not
medicine
of
before
I let
defeat
they
therefore
and
foundations
away
should
of these
sign
the
pass
why
the
I do
for
peace,
do
art
immortal
upon
earth
shall
at
me,
The
able.
perish-
perishable,
it be
unless
perishable
are
These
fragile and
is
art
out
is sensitive
one
no
unless
out
permanent.
not
cries
me.
against
established
and
and
their
Now,
against
sensitive,
result
not
cries
one
no
unless
because
out
cry
for
"
transitory
unless
men
causes:
is hurt
one
no
does
timely writings
such
at
am
foundation
write,
upon
in
case
that
opposition to
which
upon
that
it may
entitled
to
be
the
erally
gen-
speak
or
upon
which
four
pillars: upon
I stand
DEFIANCE
Philosophy,
Virtue.
FACULTY
TO
Astronomy,
upon
these
Upon
and
antagonists,
any
these
four,
Despisers
stand
whether
see
will
outside
stand
then,
when
they despise
of
art
medicine,
it will be
bring
of
them
they
and
too
that
your
and
the chastisement
ye
so-called
for
follow
After
Danube
and
ye
and
Italia, thou
thou
me
not
"
you
accept
you
Swabia,
of
Vienna,
the
Rhine,
Dalmatia,
Arabia, thou
after
you
and
ye
"
ye
countries,and
is to
these
them
and
Ye
"
must
me,
Mesue,
Meissen,
Paris,
who
are
of the
me
lars
pil-
after
of
Athens,
say,
four
of
those
Israelita,after
truth,
nor
Ye
islands
thou
for
only
receiving rightly
are
I claim
four
peasants
is
knowledge
As
I after
of
ye
the
to
Rhasis, Montagnana,
not
these
medicine
you
ther
nei-
notice,
take
hypocrites, that
must
so
Galen,
Montpellier,
Cologne,
and
physicians.
after
me
which
fools
ye
myself,
Avicenna,
neither
possesses
you,
manifest
and
works
recognize
of
mete
that
so
And
.
art
the
foundation
contemners
survived
your
"
was
accept and
villages that
to
his
become
deceiving princes
he
sick
their
the
was
tronomy,
as-
sick
they
and
again
that
upon
must
of
the
the
to
measure
Christ
for
it will
art
what
them
Jerusalem
pillars,or
comes
with
to
ibU
nor
you
in the
for
gives
me.
virtue
undespised by
which
shame.
to
contempt
either
that
measured
blessedness,
real
remain
they
can
of
against
await
and
from
upon
philosophy, despisers
of
they
Alchemy,
upon
will
physician
any
are
four
PROFESSION.
AND
sea,
thou
and
not
ye
of
ye
of
on
"
etc.
the
thou
Greece,
I after
PARACELSUS.
72
WILHELM
VON
BOMBAST,
Oil-painting, original
in
FATHER
OF
Salzburg.
.'\rti?t
PARACELSUS.
unknown.
PROFESSION.
AND
FACULTY
TO
DEFIANCE
ATH;^iAT
'FtMCYy.M
J},
c\\
PARACELSUS.
After
life-size
Munich.
Hans
oil-painting in
Artist
Baldung
and
date
(ca. 1470-1
State
the
uncertain.
5,"'2)
.
Gallery
Has
at
Schleissheim
been
attributed
ne:ir
to
PARACELSUS.
74
you,
will
there
"
corner
"This
makes
the
not
legia, nor
somewhat
be
may
been
able
the
truth
"Ye
there
of
the
you
placarded
with
the
explanation
liken
you
me.
Monarch
which
his
for
will surpass
will
The
help
part, wish
your
the
for
him
of
the
am
what
of
than
and
also,
so
am
can
me,
"
answer
and
the
Arcana
of
Luther?
what
wish
you
that
of mine
care
and
over
more-
prove
enemies
are
whom
to
let Luther
attacks
me
Physicians,
those
and
I will take
who
scorn
arch-heretic.
an
I will
I must
hence
Luther
greater
Who
hates
any
for
for
you,
me,
that
is,
fire.
"The
made
that.
crowd
same
to
to
and
sician
phy-
has
nor
Theophrastus
one
every
me
prove.
affairs
own
they
any
With
Physicians,
cannot
you
the
that
am
of
never
and
you.
as
and
Theophrastus
am
me
they
knowledge
kind
from
have
is hidden
malady.'"
least
serpent
only poison
expect
has
with
learn
to
privi-
that
universities
the
of the
cause
are
from
the
not
appearances
There
seen.
born
been
one
outward
upon
peror,
Em-
Therefore
physician.
the
the
them
from
is
it is that
not
"
Faculty,
the
not
university, for
makes
only
depend
Doctor,
health
to
work
their
the
and
Pope,
any
which
that
restoring
the
"
Master
the
makes
monarchy.''^
physician,
be
I shall
:
.
the
certain, that
is
will not.
dogs
will be
mine
and
monarch
what
the
whom
on
furthest
in the
remain
of you
none
me
Ibid., I,
stars
did
; it is not
199.
not
for
make
the
me
physician
stars
to
6
make
ii,i^
I
^
"
God
physicians,
201c.
nEFIANCE
TO
that
is
well
rejoice
work
has
truth
FACULTY
of
that
God,
of
are
my
but
J^
PROFESSION.
not
rascals
enemies
no
AND
the
stars.
enemies
lay
....
against
armor
learned
so
my
least
the
flies
Milan
as
Swiss
nor
The
you
letter.
Could
I
easily as
safe
from
can
work
could
Paragranum
which
many
similar
attacks
upon
them
indeed
couched
in
the
translation.
kind
that these
they
to
to
have
may
his
appeal
campaign
it should
the
be
lack
the
great
period
later
of
his
own
blunt
me
very
well.
strange
this,
"
fashion
7
fashion
by
nature
of
my
Ibid., I, 202.
the
order
and
how
am
land
to
it is
not
that
ofifer
to
woven
one
justified
be
lated
calcu-
not
friendly
other
hand,
found
Paracelsus.
thus
replying
in
of bitterness
life,Hohenheim
In
self
him-
has
characteristic
is not
of
not
it is evident
as
extreme
work
of
will
whether
men
an
which
the
his
Preface
contains
he
were
utterances
represent
of
mass
him,
On
these
of restraint
and
the
indignation,however
that
v^ere
neither
you,
is but
he
upon
otherwise.
or
said
Paragranum
assaults
thoughtful
to
and
which
nevertheless
been,
from
antagonists, some
admitting what
of
not
head
taken
language
attacks
outbursts
as
are
his
in such
similar
to
well
as
no
entrance.'"
gain
extracts
Even
that
claimed
in
above
I from
as
on
disprove
monarchy,
my
its enemies
foot-soldiers
bald
the
are
you
can
you
protect my
from
bear
that
experienced
nor
as
corselet, for
no
"
for
"
I need
liars
may
At
refers
for
understood,
attains
to
style pleases
defense
fine
of
"
my
know
it is not
anything
the
by
PARACELSUS.
76
bread,
wheaten
or
That
bread.
At
of
The
in his
him
particular interest
by
many
of
and
that
and
its
have
honor
abandoned,
even
nearly
time,
cure
has
toothache
folly is
large
the
sums,
in
and
physicians, who
idle
and
'
op.
babble.
from
their
have
sechste
called
the
an
tainty
uncer-
reputation
its
disease
one
practice;
say
and
little
several
Defension."
that, in my
rich
And
we
see,
offer
persons
about
of
authors,
in their
go
'
even
nothing
ancient
writings.
in
but
could
who
the
only
it
was
nevertheless
with
impelled
little
so
come
with
no
be
by
certainty, to
with
lends
foundations
was
namely
yet abandoned
are
physician
cities
great
it.
uncertain
no
with
found
how
moreover,
in
illnesses. Also
severe
such
been
sonally
per-
ruined, killed,crippled
been
So
he
work
the
properly
that
to
not
all diseases.
there-
more
appeared
sick have
many
so
and
procedure,
largely
that
this
of
is in
this:
do
fact
learn
to
it could
to
which
"applied myself
says,
there
reasons
in the
experience
The
industry
what
or
no,
pared
pre-
passage.
he
whether
medicine,
or
the
to
(1536),
motives
printing
the
and
great attention
of his
the
his
to
personal supervision,
career.
always,"
have
Preface
Surgery
his
of
and
oaten
fellows."'
under
and
milk
subtle
make
mead
figs or
on
cheese,
summary
us
reared
Greater
supervised
art
on
time
of medicine
influenced
of
but
published
has given
"I
we
not
work
and
study
are
does
later
influential
he
Nor
silk.
spinning
need
in
by
silks,
reputation, display
times
decided
to
DEFIANCE
abandon
this
certain
and
it
of
was
could
his
the
device
chance
then
attribute
which
art, to
no
collection
of fables
the
upon
of
day
the
I
belong.
one
he
recovery
(though unjustly)
not
that
if
that
credulity, so
it did
seemed
one
attracting pennies;
on
hit
to
that
was
for
founded
art
it
JJ
PROFESSION.
reason
anything, that
an
should
For
art.
honeyed
AND
FACULTY
TO
credit
to
often
have
quitted
the
"And
art, and
unwillingly practised
yet in this
convictions, but
my
mindedness.
for
many
and
sought
only anxious
books
in
foundations
Granada,
Lithuania,
Lusatia,
now
countries
not
Poland,
and
places
questioned
and
sought
arts
of
but
also
women,
with
barbers,
magicians
in
then
"
over
no
the
not
matter
what
it much
"
for
the
wise
that
And
diligently-
and
disease
be
it
medicine
the
doctors;
the
learned
physicians,
art; with
that
the
noble
and
But
simple.
fundamentally
might
was
be.
an
in
experienced
with
practise
to
and
also
as
enumerate.
true
surgeons,
[i. e.,
Saxony],
alone
not
through
Wallachia,
industriously and
who
learn
I could
to
cloisters; with
the
with
common,
and
to
"
land,
Eng-
Mark
Wendian
the
And
medicine.
doctrines,
further
Hungary,
necessary
corners
all
their
to
not
was
Spain, through
part of Prussia
France,
[Brandenburg],
Croatia,
Transylvania,
other
Mark
the
through
and
Italy
wandered
Lisbon, through
to
universities
the
medicine, and
myself
writings, but
and
Prussia,
of
devote
to
in
simple-
usual
my
attended
Germany,
quite followed
not
with
acted
have
therefore
years,
the
I have
matter
it.
chemist
althe
even
certain
pondered
uncertain
art
78
not
PARACELSUS.
honorably
by chance;
upon
"
It caused
ruined.
then
I discovered
need
not
the
Christ, the
and
whole,
that
it
and
leading
books
that
much,
the
of
understood
no
it,and
around
the
art
[hot] porridge;
they
the
nor
was
alone
was,
and
were
in
those
is,so much
they
nothing
in
who
in their
mountebanks
display and
thenj but
the
tomb
pomp,
which
the
which
that
did
they
the
art.
"
not
visited
neither
Therefore
practised
idle talk
still go)
they
understood
curing.
it,nor
around
cat
that
had
dation
foun-
in
(and
disputations,that
of
the
teaching
know,
but
I found
known
and
I should
that
gone
like
were
not
this
experience
they had
sick,
art
had
but
all sick
to
that
was
the
just,
blame,
others, and
had
they
own
the
from
medicine
did
their
advised
disease
was
that
themselves
understand
and
of
art
of
it neither
accepted
necessary
had
that
to
was
of thern
nor
that
need, useful
was
and
one
art,
in
medical
that
from
it
of
meaning
and
When
own,
my
what
learned
in
proven
health.
to
it for
consider
this
art
an
was
view
is true,
fortune
deception by spirits,nor
impressed
another
the
But
whole
medicine
of
art
ness.
busi-
it.
to
This
sick.'
to
them.
Christ, 'The
of
are
tion
decep-
other
back
substitute
to
was
into
went
the
ten
degrade
to
driven
according
certain, perfect
adopted
and
saying
I had
that
of
and
men
was
it
that
be hit
to
art
cured,
was
think
art
this
that
matter;
saying
to
unfair
an
that
physician, but
much
so
me
yet again
But
me
one
the
abandoned
again
for
mislead
by spiritsto
I
followed,
be
to
the
fault
There
and
terers
chat-
and
there
outwardlv
DEFIANCE
TO
beautiful
is
but
full
mass,
seek
to
of
inwardly
to
fables
and
which
in
What
experience
'
Chir.
babble
my-
Bilcher,
to
which
medicine]
[of
and
and
experience
I
etc.,
for
should
have
"Grosse
first
thus
had
the
by
of
surgery
therein
Wutidartzney,"
foundation
unspotted
is
forced
was
another
the
far
corrupt
tioned
above-men-
the
be
in
and
reasons
reading
seek
79
PROFESSION.
stinking
such
stop
"
lies,
For
worms.
further
evil
AND
FACULTY
most
follows
Preface.
such
wounds
certain.
later."^
that
recognized
zeal
the
with
and
believed
himself
destined
to
and
open-minded
of
analyst
evidently
was
of
though
the
thinker, though
in
his
thought
of
whatever
mind
opinion.
reject
the
Aristotle, Galen
the
to
his
ancient
neo-Platonic
his
ships
dominant
preach
mind
him.
teach
of
the
his
did
the
pendent
inde-
and
originality
cut
he
of the
ferences
dif-
from
his
up
authority
substitute
loose
of
found
having
hesitate
not
time,
basis
He
modification
own
very
made
and
Having
of
that
he
under
having
influences
his
philosophy,
Galenism
and
in
keen
legitimate
satisfactory
and
science
not
of
once
Avicenna,
was
dogmas
behind
of
sacredness
and
also
degree
Certainly
of
who
phenomena.
matter
combination
to
what
be
may
one
came
self-reliant
the
Basel
was
whatever
observed
be
at
the
he
nature
probably
unusually
an
in
building
up-
must
truth,
great
By
observer
observation,
of
advance
of medicine.
practice
critical
with
great
career
self-assurance
the
effect
his
upon
inspired
and
his
entered
he
in the
practice, it
and
science
the
to
as
Paracelsus
of
relative
medical
judgment
final
the
be
WHATEVERimportance
of
MEDICINE.
IN
REFORMER
AS
for
of
to
the
burn
from
the
determined
to
medical
science
AS
of the future
of the
the
not
REFORMER
should
infalHble
in the
the tremendous
his
be
campaign
for
"
practice of
Paracelsus
he
thirteen
remaining
to
seems
tenacity
and
and
of purpose
system,
nature
the
to
in terms
authority
the
denouncing
hypocrisy
of the
It is evident
perhaps
into the
even
of
mate
its ulti-
to
as
theories
with
the
and
of
forces
of God's
time
will, and
great
and
of
age
the
for
his
of
with
life,
wonderful
dustry,
in-
and
energy
of
discouragements
establishment
the
philosophy
and
of
on
years
himself
explanation
of his
that
from
"
venerated
of his medical
of
phenomena
to
assailing the
dogmas,
and
to
profession
during
his
of his
sojourn
in
life and
great
success
new
one
with
to the
of ancient
he
on
in
thirty-four years
against opposition
g'reat magnitude,
his
fourteen
or
devoted
have
doubt
expression
about
Basel,
left
time
prevail.
must
was
that
immediate
his mind
at
in
experience
sometimes
in
were
which
festly
comfort, but mani-
the
never
the
were
eventually they
when
to
medicine
which
nature,
From
in moderate
to
against
his
so,
again,
as
of his
estimate
rightly
not
If
and
long dead.
self-confidence
him.
though
success
experience,
of conservatism
wanderer
disillusioned
he
did
assaults.
sometimes
poverty,
his
he
surely undeceived
to
was
and
force
directed
Basel
pride
enthusiasm
youthful
and
of authors
dogmas
tion
observa-
of nature,
study
patient,experiment
Doubtless
he
be the
8l
MEDICINE.
IN
thought
of Paracelsus
day.
Basel,
had
through
or
come
con-
82
tact
the
PARACELSUS.
printed
was
and
Zwingli
1530
the
appealed
doubtless
Church
before
His
of the
mation
Refor-
in
authorities
the
to
quaintance
ac-
influence
to
traditional
against
revolt
The
man
Ger-
(Ecolam-
and
served
also
doubtless
period,
their
years
thought
in the
prominent
padius, both
in
and
published.
Erasmus
tament
Tes-
New
1522,
four
some
was
with
Basel
in
him.
Bible
complete
Luther's
Bible,
of the
translation
olic
Cath-
published
Judah
Leo
Roman
in
Wittenberg
at
against
of the
translation
Luther's
Church.
revolt
of the
observances
and
corruptions
spiritof
the
with
sympathy
and
who
man
was
in
authorities
Certainly
with
the' medieval
teachings
of
catholic
true
all-sufficient
the
New
to
As
he
Luther
of
Galen,
Church
the
or
we
of Paracelsus
For
looked
or
art
Zwingli
the
of
to
medicine
or
the
against
complete
be
to
found
interpretation of
Pope
he
did
university
the
nor
for
the
constituted
mind
him
story of the
the
of
dence
indepen-
spirit of
the
whose
just as
"
corruptions
the
to
for
neither
Avicenna,
follow
and
were
was
sympathetic
While
his
to
"
doctrines
and
Papacy, Lutheranism,
the
which
"
Testament.
doctrines
nor
Christ
vernacular,
characteristic
with
equally foreign
as
familiar
against
alike
condemned
Zwingliism
the
revolt
Church,
thoroughly
spirit.
its
by
the Protestant
he
in the
Testament
influenced
deeply
with
New
the
was
the
not
and
in
these
Fathers,
tion
interpretadepend
on
faculties.
lifelong struggle
centuries-old
conservatism
AS
opposed
REFORMER
sympathy
but
also
tremendous
for
only
not
impossible
it is
him,
to
for
83
MEDICINE.
IN
the
not
great
which
for
cause
feel
to
he
bored
laand
devotion
self-sacrificing
the
which
earnestness
he
to
his
that
the
brought
work.
We
condition
day
realize
can
at
of medical
a
hopeless
ebb.
long
so
experiment.
new
Paracelsus
their
the
upon
of
application
in the
much
of
that
time,
"
held
can
the
of
study
of
than
value
of
hibited
in-
criticism
or
insistence
the
and
patients
the
ancient
indeed
infallible
as
that
see
in his
was
was
rational
books, his
experiments,
of
use
phasis
em-
the
upon
medical
these
unauthorized
and
new
denunciations
his
the
teaching
of
and
physiology
and
We
rather
distance
Improvement
toward
upon
diseases
and
dogmas
as
initiative
all
of
science
low
very
this
at
now
practice
all
were
the
of
novation
in-
dies,
reme-
of
hollowness
and
of
teaching
direction
in the
working
his
of progress.
Realizing this, we
crudities,
toward
his
limited
his
his
which
tended,
We
pseudo-science.
chains
the
science
much
which
path
upon
which
surer
hampered
little versed
held
by
in the
his
his
medical
science
be
followed
must
foundations
the
"
medieval
methods
of
goal
with
life
to
this
break
enslaved,
to
yet
point
modern
his
superstitions,
sympathize
can
the
of
understanding
labors
for
allowance
make
can
build
himself
of
view,
science
ing
see-
that
too
too
to
84
PARACELSUS.
the
clearly lead
struggled
he
toward
the
goal
recognize
the
importance
way
attain.
to
though
But
should
be unfair
school
of
which
historians
and
Paracelsus
have
is not
his
fifteen
of
man
just
as
certain
practice
them
to
gives
theory,
evidence
that
he
But
in his destructive
numerous
had
equal insight
with
not
others
science
of
and
the
by
with
into
him
the
presented
violence
the
of
the
Geschichte
der
Medizin,
rare
sufficient
of current
the
demand
Paracelsus
p.
97.
denied
time, and
before
even
necessity
disputab
in-
encouraged
and
and
be
to
not
of
as
power
spiritof
Stuttgart, 1859,
It is
energy.
....
been
polemics aga-inst
it is also
work
that
the
his
materially supported
was
break
have
must
corruption
that
well
ing
followto
possessed
the
and
as
talent.
of
ings.
shortcom-
who,
man
and
Paracelsus
through
see
work
spiritualdomination
self-confidence
that
and
years' standing,
great
acuteness
that
decisively with
hundred
portance
im-
the
the
reflections,dared
spontaneous
and
ing
follow-
of
these
to
ponsible
res-
Wunderlich:^
be doubted
to
own
frankly
blind
been
not
the
sincerity of
essential
Professor
Thus
of
the
part
recognizing
while
medicine,
of
in
were
during
command
could
he
we
conservative
appreciation and
of
lack
earnestness
recognize
to
which
of the
campaign,
of the
failed
we
of Paracelsus
the
for
the
reform
his
opponents
if
medicine,
shortcomings
"It
his
to
admire
we
sincerity of
essential
and
while
Paracelsus,
of
work
we
him
of
of
reform
for
it,though
It may
be
AS
accepted
and
taught,
when
absurdities,it
unclear
he
plunges
into
confusions
that
it is
him
solid
him.
him, completely
all
at
admitted
conception
of
and
torpid
how
the
to
these
have
no
but
mystifications,
.The
.
with
them.
ideas
are
known
totally un-
are
his
corrupt
of
of
control
ideas
It
and
be
must
magnificent
time."
his
summarizes
thus
infuse
an
to
which
life
new
science, there
strong
hand,
should
seize
the
reform
sweep
the
unselfish
honest
time
fluence
in-
to
domain
of
opinions.
Geschichte
der
Aderlasse,
sluggish
a
of
and
and
should
In
dross.
Hohenheim
sessed
pos-
ennobled
he
Munich,
him
into
complete
order
1870,
turbed
undisstand
under-
to
p.
clinatio
in-
cism
fanati-
autocracy
maintain
146.
these
his
spirit,though
giani
ity
author-
accumulated
drove
extravagances
amounted
reins,
reformer
highest degree,
the
needed
was
the
the
away
into
regardless
of his
judgment
qualities
in the
advance
of
mass
with
by
the
his
of
in
to
dogma,
gifts by
of
Paracelsus:
spirit,who
All
and
confused
Bauer''
order
and
We
positive knowledge.
obscure
many
and
Jos.
"In
and
chieflyonly
.Superstitious prejudices
points
that
Dr.
he
mode
ideas
logical argumentation
..
are
his
was
which
unfortunate
an
of intentional
any
of
to
and
that
he
....
in
demands
conviction;
with
disturbs
that
accuse
lacked
honest
be admitted
must
thinking
expression
right to
he
late
intentionally vio-
not
imbued
manifestly thoroughly
his
did
obligations of
85
MEDICINE.
IN
Paracelsus
that
the
REFORMER
in
these
86
PARACELSUS.
underfoot
trod
he
that
alienated
way
medical
The
by
forward
much
Paracelsus
his
and
that
science
medicine,"
as
rejection
denote
of
life."*
of
freedom
native
be
he
much
Op. cit.,Vol.
in
the
uses
times
the
ical
empir-
tion
undervalua-
word
with
Geschichte
II, p. 91.
can
the
was
as
be
der
by
had
the
Medizin,
3d
love
strong
stock.
This
his own.'
with
he
the
nature
Swiss
Lvither, with
that
whom
form
of the
and
who
'anatomy'
should
opinion
common
bad, nourished
der
anatomy
of all
this
German
another's
John Brown,
Lehrbuch
of
all
as
manifests
the
to
he
only
all he
whom
is
well
as
in his
self-consciousness
that
in
Paracelsus
native
had
"is
scientific
Paracelsus's
to
medicine, the,knowledge
"Above
can
one
in the
which
of
of
importance
medicine,
far that
that
foundation
with
the
.With
.
so
goes
'No
of
of
systems.
to
referring
of all transcendental
symbol
siasm
enthu-
aims
foundation
the
Hiiser,
says
foundation
for
contempt
sweeping
his
recognizes
his
attain
to
services
mistaken.
were
"This
used
he
of
nevertheless
earnestness,
methods
the
of the
purity
the
Haser,'
also
So
"
often
extravagances
great value
medicine,
to
of followers
thought.
the
acknowledging
while
of
his
discredit
the
carried
were
number
whose
not
was
influence
to
ideas
his
relativelysmall
to
opinion,
in
thinkers."
of calm
Paracelsus
of
time, and
visionaries, and
often
did
sympathy
Bauer's
his
of
physicians
the
system
Dr.
in
adapted,
bounds
and
propriety
of
the
is
good,
much
fact
that
in
he
and
mon
comwas
AS
in
lowly
finer
of the
manners
slight which
and
drove
him
disdain
into
in
the
after
to
"The
the
says,
"That
that
in
soon
honorable
an
Dr.
Magnus
Ibid.,p.
"
Paracelsus
at
is
in
in the
Ueberarst,
dition
con-
our
medical.
faction
dissatis-
Breslau, 1906,
tions
condi-
sympathy.
Bombastus
clared
de-
erate
degen-
gratitude
the
healing
Paracelsus
p. 3.
of
evidence
corrupt
87.
Jer
patients,"
this
to
our
that
motto,
important
scholastic
history of
emphasizes
matters
events
him
assure
as
more
the
the
uted
attrib-
lamentable
Theophrastus
upon
ical
med-
of
thousand
upon
nus,*
Mag-
dictum
certain
sense
all
Hugo
served
expression
knife
place
very
attacks
medicine, will
Dr.
felt the
gives
him
the
to
own
celsus
Para-
place of
the
books
soon
alone, that
war
have
gave
insure
fact
well
seeing
hero
powerful
must
This
than
science
he
for
his
and
condition
the
which
livelycritical
and
ing
unbend-
contempt
the
upon
for
thousand
our
that
at
but
power
upon
might
of
pride
contemporaries
medicine.
of
time
physician
sound
writers
history
of his
And
later
Rhazes
his
own
his
arrived
strong
of
neglect
""
of the
study
for
his
commenting
science
The
premeditated
of
accomplishments.
of the
to
the
from
insulted
he
peculiar
through
overestimation
One
him
By blameworthy
misfortunes
so
and
poverty,
classes.
himself.
accomplishments
great
to
in
lived
experienced
back
natures,
the
and
cultivated
he
unblameworthy
arrogant
born
87
MEDICINE.
bringing-up separated
and
or
IN
origin,was
rude
that^a
REFORMER
and
art."
was
88
PARACELSUS.
of
view,
not
by
reasoning
of
kind
contemporaries, only
and
predecessors
.losophy
his
of
sought
the
just
his
of
life, of
speculations, just
physicians
he
stands,
the
at
which
has
threshold
but
speculation,
bring
this
new
the
riddle
of
last
In
these
era
during
his
'
Ibid.,
pp.
14f.
age
life
the
its
closed
in the
forever
of
we
his
not
may
among
the
ture,
na-
that
"
age
by
not
investigation
to
the
just
tired
understand
the
over
and,
poor
eyes.'"
nor
of his
friendly
un-
it
why
seemed
physicians
to
celsus,
Para-
as
struggle
weapons
and
task
inappreciative
lifetime, Paracelsus
which
of
secrets
world
his blunted
estimates
little support
so
into
romanticist
authorities,
that
new
So
do.
to
conflict
himself
set
fantastic
knowledge
by observation,
life,lowered
knowledge,
the
the
secrets
philosophers
hoped
the
from
tear
Vesalius
experiment.
in
to
attempts
had
the
bold
by
all natural
over
had
discover
to
of
of
weapons
used
time
waged
new
mankind
embodiment
an
rationalism
his
to
up
phi-
with
growth,
nearly
as
stitute
sub-
to
natural
no
which
and
existence
his
highest knowledge
thought
He
time.
to
the
equipment
same
up
and
invented
achieve
to
all
neo-Platonism.
upon
Theophrastus
"For
but
based
own
same
discarded
he
fantastic
and
similarly unreal
the
sought
and
medievalism
conventional
the
mission
by nearly
used
was
as
point
and
with
but
scientific methods
modern
medieval
problems
his
attacked
he
that
of
possessed
nevertheless
himself
to
was
have
day.
It
AS
is
REFORMER
perhaps
not
which
he
asserted
certain
to
rather
facts
the
vision
of
of his
than
clearly
were
knowledge
authority
and
which
rather
respect.
comprehend
and
prevision
contained
were
ceived
con-
grew
to
day,
"
how
of
the
in
the
his
even
not
the
very
foundation
for
sought
be
we
he
his
in
had
into
for
very
material
he
had
indeed
"
mystical
the
his
ories
the-
for
creasing
in-
fact
that
and
porters,
sup-
ings
writ-
many
work
victory
fought.
his
gradually
friends
as
and
logic
and
spite of
print, his
way
which
had
death, and
surprised
formulate
few
their
a
the
teaching
to
have
that
so
lifetime
yet after
found
agitator.
imaginative
should
"
his
in him
rejected him
mischievous
of
he
which
influence,
his
but
hand, need
much
sion
profes-
recognize
progress,
and
of
medicine
of
did
they
reasonableness
philosophy by
that
pathy
sym-
misjudge
not
conservative
other
native
perhaps
should
the
heretic
the
on
full
our
condemn
of medical
dangerous
Nor,
Paracelsus
unequal battle, we
prophet
aims
science
accord
severely
too
the
in
suggestion,
we
in his
during
which
of Paracelsus.
while
true
them
physician perceived
experience
of
interest
foreshadowings
gained
later
accepted dogmatic
present
As
these
Swiss
methods
So
that
the
brilliant
thought
in
doctrines
the
the
to
himself.
developed,
of
future
as
contained
Paracelsus
required
much
that
say
of their
much
demonstrated,
nor
to
opposed
owed
89
MEDICINE.
intuitively apprehended
and
It
and
truths
by
than
much
too
medicine
IN
laid the
many
of
PARACELSUS.
go
he
seemed
authorities.
his
writings
the
violent
theories
resulted
in
many
influence
The
his
of
in
duty
detail
estimate
for
the
strongholds
the
ideas
of
in
his
efforts
to
medicine
the
later
place
the
printed,
over
which
even
medical
servatism:
con-
vitality
great
was
Paracelsus
to
into
higher
will
influence
be
But
of
as
and
the
let
chemist.
titioners
pracmission
considered
first
ence,
sci-
medical
students
ideals
chapters.
and
of
and
Paracelsus,
instil
physician
and
Paracelsans
there
of
of
contributions
and
and
victories
that
profession
the
the
which
finally
advanced,
he
evidence
in
in
arose
in
vogue
were
practice
universities,
the
all
and
that
and
in
they
tering
shat-
Greek
remarkable
when
conflicts
ancient
the
of
The
enjoyed
generation
coming
sufficiency
and
sacredness
the
of
confidence
in
instrumental
mainly,
indeed
not
the
Arabian
was
"
if
largely,
hc'
nevertheless
that
lifetime
his
overwhelming
against
vain
in
though
that,
forgotten
be
not
struggle
to
during
odds
should
it
Especially
more
us
briefly
CHEMIST
THE
AND
REFORMER
OF
CHEMISTRY.
mentioned,
previously
AS
and
L.
manhood
early
in
experienced
and
was
by
of
metallurgy
spent.
of
study
this
the
principal
them
chemists
artisans
in
pottery,
mystics
or
to
means
or
life
endow
or
The
to
printing
recipes
and
of
usually
not
striving
by
chemists
in
the
addicted
manuals
issued
pioneer
for
authors
metals
elixir
that
early
for
public
in
tries;
indus-
and
occult
into
should
their
technical
youth.
decades
of
ical
chembook-
Their
in
or
prolong
in
own
information.
gold
artisans
were
of
similar
perennial
the
working
the
obscure
doubtless
allusions
classes
two
publishing.
to
manuscripts
of
baser
or
added
ical
alchem-
or
or
with
life
writings.
or
dyeing
early
upon
were
glass,
the
were
his
evidently
own
mines
possessor
practical
industry
the
discover
its
his
period
the
transmute
silver,
form
in
he
mining
of
which
ticularly
par-
"
references
as
in
the
employed
metals,
time,
time
his
authorities
found
of
in
experience
the
be
to
are
The
of
in
youth
chemical
operations
region
To
knowledge
to
the
the
the
of
prevalent
in
was
student
theories
and
processes
Paracelsus
use
use
The
chemistry,
trade
in
but
the
not
tant
imporBirin-
PARACELSUS.
92
important
in
appear
his life
works
early
the
were
Pliny
the
was
apocryphal
were
authorities
Avi-
and
the_
Roger
LuUus
Raimundus
and
many
Englishman
the
Spaniard
the
and
Bacon,
for
"
Villanova,
de
Arnaldus
Magnus,
Albertus
German
to
Gheber
Arabians
Spaniard ( ?)
the
cenna,
attributed
or
the
"
whose
important compiler,
most
not
during
extant
philosophers, of
Greek
by
written
works
did
of Paracelsus.
death
the
after
until
works
science
chemical
of
history
principal chemical
The
the
the
to
their
though
Paracelsus,
of
period
the
of
also
Palissy, were
(or
Lully).
As
far
studies
M.
of
known
the
centuries
early
philosophy
that
Berthelot
little not
of
of later
mysticism
elaborated
of
their
Oriental
other
such
to
the
above
names
sources
degree
authors
that
or
of
metaphysical
tian
Egyp-
and
bian
Ara-
Chaldean,
been
added
the
chemical
and
and
to
ings
writunder
written
those
fantastic, obscure
were
very
writers
Greek
from
The
era.
our
the
contained
Greek
or
in
from
appears
they
Egyptian
to
and
it
concerned,
is
authors
these
contained
knowledge
chemical
the
as
often
tentiona
in-
incomprehensible.
It
that
is
he
evident
was
in
use
in
of
the
country
of the
the
from
familiar
mines
in
chemistry
assimilated.
the
chemical
processes
metallurgical
laboratories
with
and
which
the
he
of his time
It is also
Paracelsus
of
writings
evident
lived.
was
His
knowledge
extensive
that
he
was
and
well
familiar
THE
with
and
influenced
theories
others
OF
REFORMER
of
CHEMISTRY.
the
by
often
fantastic
Lullus, Arnaldus
respecting the
93
de Villanova
of
nature
lative
specu-
and
matter
and
gins
ori-
the
of metals.
Paracelsus
wrote
chemistry
or
under
name
to
appeared
description
his
had
been
surgery
much
this
the
natural
or
evidence
mineralihus,
De
natura
recorded
writings, and
operations
One
of the
elements
and
Salt
substances,
as
"
cine,
medi-
upon
includes
he
entitled
books
and
In
scattered
found
not
rial
mate-
earlier
in
clearlydescribed
more
(tria prima)
than
to
earlier
been
have
cury
Mer-
Sulphur,
"
all other
constitutingprinciplesof
seems
though using
ryphal.
apoc-
as
previously.
three
they
Archidoxa.
rerum,
facts
many
ternal
in-
who,
because
them
the
by
Huser,
philosophy,
unsystematically arranged
are
of
writings
chemistry, particularly in
such
both
collection
other
which
answer
characterized
his
in
sively
exclu-
few
judged
as
in his
published,
so
Nevertheless,
De
by
including them
The
which
and
"
and
devoted
alchemy.
forgeries
were
evidence
while
treatises
no
original
with
for its
material
speculations as
him.
development.
of
Historians
the
chemistry
important
of chemical
development
importance
influence
to
medicine
have
of Paracelsus
science
and
this, his
most
certain
in
nized
recog-
upon
emphasizing
the
its
pharmacology.
generally
it
was
influence
just
upon
in relation
the
de-
PARACELSUS.
94
in
called
for
question
this
for
occasion
literaryforgeries
of
claim
his
as
to
be
in
About
series
"
at
least
Tholde.
into
German
because
time.
of
the
early
century
before
As
of
a
of
the
from
in
the
of
the
of this
was
was
mony,
Antition
attenat
bution
contri-
real
compovmds.
that
they
were
therefore
century,
it
was
presentation
between
work
occurred
popularity
greatest
noticed
soon
similarity both
and
of
Paracelsus.
Paracelsus,
remarkable
text
These
importance
antimony
fifteenth
appearance
period
Valentine
the
chemical
of
and
wide-spread
mentioned
chemistry
inference
written
the
work
Chariot
or
Johann
manuscript.
and
real
these
discovered
have
Triumphal
their
of
monk
certain
Latin
immediate
The
to
to
appear
Benedictine
was
the
to
publisher
ones
claimed
attracted
The
The
especially the
works,
included,
which
began
alleged
an
earlier
the
Tholde
translated
the
by
Valentinus.
of
philosophical
or
there
later
years
treatises
Basilius
him
589-1 591.
ten
of
the
sus
Paracel-
chemical
of
era
Paracelsus,
of
of doubtful
much
sure,
of
collection
works
medical
the
of
was
clever
deprive
to
for
The
some
place
to
plagiaristand
initiator
an
of
appeared
honesty,
centuries.
two
appearance
which
Huser's
medicine.
and
the
position of
in the
than
more
was
for
indeed
knowledge, originality,and
reputation
his
that
science
natural
of
velopment
much
in Paracelsus.
in
of
that
matter
contained
Like
during
the
there
and
works
was
form
in
Basil
Paracelsus,
Basil
THE
Valentine
REFORMER
had
abused
authorities; the
celsus
Para-
Even
the
three
Salt
were
facts
were
here
in Basil
often
more
plagiarism
ever
Nor
in
also
evident
was
in
the
the
to
access
writers
authenticity of
be
to
came
accepted
certain
From
it became
written
in
type-founding,
plain
of
that
their
writer
entinus
before
monk.
became
(though
no
Generally, however,
these
stolen
his
It may
so
writings, however,
could
they
fifteenth
the
date
could
to
the
be
that
earlier
there
that
strange
easily accepted,
but
from
such
made
the
came
it be-
existed
had
Val-
could
name
that
he
be
lived
Paracelsus
therefore
that
used
than
of Basilius
such
chemistry largely
seem
metal
Nevertheless,
name
of
alleged
as
disease,
French
century.
record
century
not
been
have
not
allusions
for
to
and
his
indeed
were
register of Benedictines),
Paracelsus,
in
in the
in the
under
wrote
in the
found
had
who
There
the
were
disbelief
expressed
and
fifteenth
the
had
he
genuine.
as
supposed author,
the
end
who
in the
by
it
monopoly
that
early
as
have
passages
evident
Valentine.
if
find.
the
Basil
writer
previous
no
of Basilius.
period
that
minds
Paracelsus,
then
works
of the
sure,
Paracelsus.
evidence.
plagiarist,must
in
critical
quoted
or
were
chemical
than
to
be
To
mentioned
placed
The
described
existed.
fact
advocated.
Valentine.
clearly
short, it
had
remedies
their
and
physicians
by
found
In
the
mineral
95
CHEMISTRY.
used
were
primary
OF
the
an
it should
supposed
hypothesis
be
noted
g6
PARACELSUS.
that
time
the
at
university faculties
the
on
with
Paracelsus
fantasies
into
facts
of the
existence
The
be
said
historian
of
may
to
the
by accepting
a
century's
ended
and
the
Since
the
accepted
certain
Basilius
of
'
H.
Kopp,
the
this
eminent
beginning
who,
hypothesis, after
in his
was
of
forgery
of
the
half
chemistry
the
judgment
to
problem
the
early history
so
previous
with
time, other
to
Basilius
series
or
seventeenth
the
of
tury,
cen-
publisher
the
that
solution
Alchemie,
no
of
and
the
under
appeared
Heidelberg,
1885,
problem
it may
writings
had
students
competent
Lasswitz,
Valentinus
Die
of
probabilityTholde
Ferguson,
as
author.^
Kopp's
Sudhoff,
confirm
writer
Kopp,
beginning
contributed
have
H.
the
that
in all
that
himself
was
in
work
of
commenced
literature
forgeries
as
conventional
by stating
Valentinus
him
chemistry
at
statements
to
reinvestigation
have
fought
of the
history finallyaccepted
Paracelsus.
seemed
which
literature
the
this presumption
Against
certain
also
Eventually
from
its vagaries,
with
Paracelsus
erally
gen-
despised
expected
school
new
and
name
be
to
of
champions
disadvantage.
crept
the
was
charlatanry.
and
the
influential
classes
of
founder
and
leader
rapidly
Paracelsan
the
of
more
^Plagiarism was
hated.
and
the
scholarly
more
the
side, and
one
the
and
other.
the
on
progress
profession
in
was
medical
conservative
the
between
warfare
fierce
pp.
nor
29f.
be
now
the
"
name
existed
THE
either
before
indeed
nor
prior
The
works.
but
from
be
drew
of
collected
his
ten
writ-
presumably
Agricola
celsus
Para-
from
only
not
from
also
Paracelsus
of
and
perhaps
writers.^
of
chemistry, Joh.
to
and
published
doubtless
works
shown
Ufetime
printing
therefore
still later
The
the
to
works
Tholde
by
the
during
or
97
CHEMISTRY.
OF
REFORMER
other
two
and
HoUandus,
Isaac
and
post-Paracelsan
of about
the
period
same
authors
alleged
also been
have
geries
literaryfor-
were
lite-
Basilius
the
as
upon
erature.
the
By
period,
the
relative
that
chemistry
also
the
is
well
as
is due
credit
its
for
as
for
chemical
facts.
is freed
Paracelsus
also
and
minds
of
the
has
The
so
long
whole
and
the
a
more
he
propaganda;
no
from
detailed
odium
or
of
of
history
ism
plagiarin the
in
his
of
chemical
dents
stu-
him.
the
chemistry
was
on
adopted philosophy
replace the
account
him
of
originalitywhich
of
of Paracelsus
to
revision
the
attached'to
felt
to
epoch-making
means
this
practical,though
need
It is to
enhanced.
of medical
majority
interest
the
For
lack
consequent
erature
lit-
first announcement
the
Through
true
initiative' to medical
the
for
turn
their
to
chemical
of the
greatly
interestingthough by
many
must
we
writings
importance
of Paracelsus
him
these
relegation of
Galenic
Basil
Valentine
and
Aris-
forgery
of.
time."
Science
communication
Monthly,
from
the
December,
eminent
historian
g8
PARACELSUS.
And
theorizing.
followed
Platonic
concept
the
it should
be
the
It is
these
by
remedies
new
by
him.
by
the
faculties, in
localities
Thus
pharmacopoeia
requiring
their
for
the
of
operations
and
the
work
in
he
and
the
the
preparation
ments
treat-
Paracelsus.
of
preparations
of
his
chemistry
preparations
of medicines
fluence
in-
greatest
development.
and
the
iron
but
Not
arations
prep-
found
by distillation as
simples by J. Brunswyk,
Paracelsus.
Cf. Stillman, Scientific
distillation
to
of
methods
exerted
antimony
certain
to
had
fats
extension
number
probable that
in certain
with
the
activityand
given
on
familiar
Strassburg, 1500, was
Monthly, 1918, pp. 169f.
in
use
in
great
chemical
mercury
It is
to
preparation
upon
only
that
true
authorized
remedies
physicians previous
It is nevertheless
all
originated
not
mixed
foi; external
Italian
arcana.
by irregular practitioners.*
preparations
introduced
by
popular
as
used
least,or
at
mercury
been
use
the
that
were
though
were,
of
assume
introduced
he
of them
Many
simpler
to
rejected
herbs
of
his
for
active
tures,
admix-
he
So
decoctions
necessary
means
no
tions
relaand
real
grosser
efficacious.
more
pharmacopoeia
customary
neo-
man
the
from
plant
extremely complex
the
toward
free
could
if he
principleof
hypothesis,his
universe
tracts
ex-
seems
spiritual sympathetic
in the
Thus
health.
spiritor
of
things
all
of
he
minerals,
working
as
aration
prep-
simple
or
arcana
and
principlesof plants
or
have
his
in the
Thus
practice.
his
theories
these
extent
some
purificationof
and
his
to
into
often
him
leads
ones
new
influenced
doubtless
to
by
theories
totelian
of
place among
entered
into his
laudanum
seems
to have
the word
The
have
to
seems
whether
of
remedies, opium
his
no
as
on
that
point
zinc
of
name
be
to
not
locally in
the
that
with
mining
in the
regions
aration,
prep-
writings
first named
probably
was
"
disagree.
therefore
It
him
opium
an
doctors
he
inferred.
in
use
were
first appears
Paracelsus, though
it, is
also
originated
his "laudanum"
or
99
CHEMISTRY.
OF
REFORMER
THE
in
least
at
which
had
he
studied.
"For
which
namely
are
into
generally
are
metals
some
of
by
[zinc], Kohaltet
in the
yet
be
may
For
Now
nor
metals;
are
which
[?],
there
in
the
commonly
Zincken
as
and
hammered
fire.'"
is also
"There
philosophers
and
Such
man.
recognized
not
and
lead, tin.
metals.
as
are
ancient
such
as
known
which
the
recognized
forged
instrument
an
subdue
fire may
are
writings
which
metal
be made
can
these
is
that
another
Zincken
called
metal
This
metal
of
origin].
Yet
[i.e.,
three
to
primary
colors
metals
metal
that
as
its ultima
it is
sense
seed
[i.e.,
three
elements],
nearly
mineralibus."
of
others,
they
materia
as
it
but
its
that
so
And
grow.
is not
strange
it.
fusible
other
For
this
[alloy]with
for it is from
the
me.
another
adulterate
the
like
it is such
but
it is in
from
from
is dififerent
it is not
known
the
malleability
no
color
metals
many
is itself fusible
elements
has
and
specialkind
metal
This
generally known,
is not
in
yet
its
PARACELSUS.
100
properties
does
and
it could
hammered
be
be
can
brought
in its
(doubtless meaning
incorrectly,ascribed
by Agricola
by
in his
the
distinction
ascribing
latter
to
the
fqrmer
This
metal.
it
first demonstrated
reduced
"reduction"
of
metals
first
to
metals
from
other
straightforward
mystification of
of the time
"
Cf.
Hoover),
their
into
as
his
and
the
the
said
new
to
are
descriptions are
with
great
none
bulk
even
of
of
the
could
term
obtaining
have
been
by
celsus.
Para-
described
frequently
intentional
alchemical
in the
the
who
The
literature
not
of many
or
to
in
to
Davy
unknown.
applied
is
criminati
logicaldis-
"earths"
so-called
chemical
processes
and
time
is also
ores
base, and
Humphrey
hitherto
(reduciren)
by Paracelsus,
*Ibid., II,
the
as
that
Sir
was
that
introduced
Many
for
was
"
"vitriols"
and
earth
an
and
Paracelsus
to
"alums"
between
for
be
credited
observation
Another
in 1530,
writer.
anonymous
though
it is mentioned
as
printed
Bermannus,
still earlier
fashioning"
is sometimes,
Paracelsus,
to
chemical
amalgams).
alloys or
of bismuth
first mention
The
malleabilityand
to
ity,
malleabil-
"by
because
nature
sider
con-
nature,"
cast, lacked
or
it is of metallic
but
even
but
not
"metallic
of
Though
metal.
true
not
did
(quicksilver)Paracelsus
Mercury
it
ture
admix-
no
by itself."*
stands
art
of
manufacture,
metallic
endure
not
admits
It
quicksilver.
as
ings
writfol-
century
137.
Agricola, De
re
London, 1912,
metallka
p.
433,
n.
(translated by
H.
C.
and
H.
REFORMER
THE
lowing.
That
OF
they
true, but
this is rather
meaning
is not
writing
editing.
or
his better
of
white-lead
from
the
clear, or
no.w
The
from
lead
following is
and
and
careless
from
whose
of terms
use
It describes
style.
intelligibleis
always
not
are
lOI
CHEMISTRY.
the
illustration
an
of
preparation
and
vinegar
hasty
oxide
di-
carbon
gas.
"The
mortification
consists
converting
Bleiweiss
called
two
in
in
Its
preparation
it
[the lead]
in
vinegar
adhering
a
in
until you
that
in the
vinegar
wine-
well
alchemy
with
gives
this
do
other
aration
prep-
is like this
"
of the
much
then
white-lead
sheets, and
The
best
fine
in
set
remove
may
the
pered
stop-
stove:
days good
enough.
That
is dissolved.
salmiac
hang
you
sharp
the
behind
in
"
that
"
you
is in
alchemy.
volatilize,and
again hang
of white-lead
in
other
pot is then
fourteen
white-lead
have
is also
preparation
over
The
sheets, which
foot, and
hare's
sheets
winter
to
ten
which
is thus
spiritsmay
or
the
to
thin
lead
of
death]
Its
the
in medicine
no
will find in
you
cerussa
glazed pot.
ashes,
warm
it into
medicine,
in
that
so
mors,
[white-lead].
one
ways,
[from
cept
ex-
finest
and
subtle
and
white-lead.""
By
carbon
first of
the
dioxide
the
carbonate
the
vinegar.
the
In
second
the
"
the
must
This
from
come
makes
process,
sal-ammoniac
for
necessary
gas
natura
with
as
mentioned
methods
two
the
the
formation
be
process
the
addition
of the
prepared
often
rerum."
of
fermentation
slow
then
the
to
of
sure.
miac,
salcon-
PARACELSUS.
I02
of
sisted
with
contained
or
in
dioxide
With
unscientific,and
and
based
They
are
with
such
changes
possibilityof
of
valuable
Thus
have
and
silver.
gold
consider
to
of
of
But
ful
fanci-
of his
predecessors
does
not
for
virtue
it
deny
the
But
his
as
waste
it is for
is not
and
his
profitably employed.
that
such
to
metals.
more
alchemy
what
only
them
disappointed.
search
here
istry,
chem-
not
the
otherwise
said
find
on
themselves
he
rejects the
"Many
tation
fermen-
to
commend
as
energy
the
views
are
we
transmutation
practical sense
carbon
from
theories
the
upon
preconceptions.
own
than
naturally expect
should
we
Hberated
theoretical
his
to
which
alone.
vinegar
respect
carbonate
vinegar
quantity
greater
of the
of the
acid
acetic
the
ammonium
making
the
power
aim
but
lie in
may
medicines.'"
"Not
make
and
they
as
the
direct
them
against
diseases.'"
point
of
of
the
or
chemical
the
of ideas
interestingto.
in
by
include
various
the
name,
Though
view
physical
Van
finds
word
our
Helmont
its
Van
"
See
O.
make
Helmont
gold,
arcana
of
opment
devel-
science
^a.y which
was
it is
first
generalization to
suggestion
'
E.
as
make
history
suggested by
Franz
is to
purpose
find that
formulated
p. 30, and
to
here
to
that
is
alchemy
"
silver:
From
by
say
in
we
now
call
Paracelsus.'
the
term
gas
medica."
Strunz, /. B. van
Helmont,
Leipsic and Vienna, 1907,
Lippmann,
von
Chemiker-Zeitung, XXXIV,
-p. 1.
THE
was
slow
that
the
in
REFORMER
OF
It will be remembered
its way.
making
celebrated
work
of
the
influenced
strongly
in many
views
word
the
is used
however,
thorough
so
air, and
manifestly
Thus
the
chaos.^"
Greek
student
that
us
he
his
of
in his
him
the
derives
This
chaos,
term
Paracelsus
as
eralized
gen-
familiar
certainly was
of
was
one
differing from
repeatedly by
for
term
who
and
Paracelsus
by
the
Kinds
title of Different
respects, tells
from
gas
Joseph Priestleyin
(1577- 1644),
defenders, though
strong
IO3
CHEMISTRY.
Paracelsus
mont
Hel-
Van
as
to
was.
Paracelsus
"And
says,
elements,
instance
for
as
they
born
are
the
of
out
from
element
....
its
(earth)
terra
its
(water)
aqua
species, and
of the
all
the
called
(earthy)
superfluous
Sea
returns
what
is
what
is aerial
igneous
waters
into
the
Earth
Fire
(terra) ;
(ignis);
into
runs
ment
ele-
is terrestrial
called
that
(aereum)
its species.""
into their
run
element
ignis
chaos
; whatever
its element
element
the
element
element
(mare)
to
the
of
species, out
of
out
and
its element
Chaos.""
"The
they
What
the
p.
have
he
earth
J. B. van
69 (29).
elements
and
remain
man
him,
to
come
has
in
received
from
remains
such
^^
Helmont,
^^
12
so
Opera
indestructible.
they
the
so
from
come
earth
long
goes
as
him.
back
heaven
von
den
tartarischen
to
and
'Omnia, Frankfort-on-the-Main,
medicorum."
As
1682,
Kranckheiten."
PARACELSUS.
104
becomes
chaos
his
the
to
"gas"
used
"chaos"
Thus
so
were
gases
air
[Luft],
of the
time.
the
at
facts
to
water,
other
or
air
between
really discriminated
The
gases.
if Paracelsus
know
interesting to
be
It would
the
and
of
It is nevertheless
be
separated,
as
and
takes
and
in
so
to
its
So
boils, the
it
soon
much
the
as
proportion
an
notions
of
That
the
might
be
changes.
and
disease
12
Chir.
1^
Op.
Biicher, etc.,
Paracelsus
as
interrelation
naturally
theories
its
p.
of the
is the
quantity
adherent
of the
the
be
nature
which
causes
understood
378, "Von
"
the
is diminished
water
universe, would
prevalent
from
separates
and
is
[Luft]
air
water,
lightestsubstance
it the
with
strong
Platonic
air
tions.
interpreta-
takes
that
is
passage
interest.
element
the
from
"When,
of
vapor
following
the
between
accumulated
of
century
in
it necessary.
make
to
fire
even
value
the
that
appreciated
not
was
though
dififerences
real
little understood
generalized term
It required another
not
his
air became
for
Helmont,
the
time
Helmont's
Van
can
Paracelsus
by
disciple Van
his
to
the
it;
prevent
one
sun.""
the
of
no
into
again
goes
heat
and
again,
water
that
is water
that
in him
has
he
stand; what
earth
offenen
De
so
air
matter
influence
it
water,
ing
accord-
was
minished
di-
also
neo-
things
interested
of
water
of the
of all
so
in
the
and
of
health
necessary
Schaden.''
separationibus
in
elementorura."
that
the
THE
REFORMER
nature
of
the
final
of the
and
the
upon
of the
Water.
doctrine
and
of the
the
telianism
of
the
upon
the
of
certain
matter.
The
its
alloys
of
these
of
the
metals
from
the
common
the
in
the
the
metals
of
base
From
metals
the
these
cury
mer-
rence
occur-
had
ores,
development
such
phenomena
of
many
the
doubtless
arose
of
the
or
growth
earth.
of
to
possible relations
the
to
time
its appearance
of
treatment
and
earth
notions
and
peculiar properties
into
alloys
of
hopes
of
or
purer
more
metals.
Lullus
Raimundus
assumed
therefore
present
in
Middle. Ages
or
were
to
the
metals,
ores
as
observations
of
properties
other
the
of
subject, from
are
with
result
in
strange
speculations
transmutation
precious
the
as
independent
many
in the
stibstances
and
had
in
sulphur
rise to
of
they
Aristo-
dogma.
metals
the
organism,
medieval
the
had
which
to
disappearance
given
in
infallible
of
occurrence
of
and
or
become
Galenic
the
human
metallurgical chemistry,
developed
nature
in the
alchemists
changes
time
had
petrified into
Medieval
study
four. humors
theory
philosophy
founded
was
result
the
medieval
elements,
this
Upon
with
of matter
four
had
philosophers
later
crystallization in
theory
stitution
con-
understood.
and
nature
the
and
changes,
be
Arab
Greek,
speculated
of
should
IO5
CHEMISTRY.
chemical
of matter
Hindu,
OF
and
that
all metals.
early
other
early
and
mercury
In
the
Renaissance
alchemists
sulphur
literature
the
mercury
of the
or
I06
PARACELSUS.
sulphur
the
and
mercuries,
and
sulphur
elements
them
but
these
elements
toward
fusibility,behavior
of
which
was
no
they
agreement
nor
or
their
their
to
as
of
role
colors,
the
metals
ever,
time, how-
the
in the
function
or
There
stances,
sub-
elementary
these
of
to
the
principles.
writers
among
properties
the
to
as
of
fire, etc.,
constituent
were
related
influencing
of
capable
and
understand
substances
be
to
the
not
were
we
as
mercury
supposed
were
sulphurs
or
metals
ores.
this
Upon
inheritance
of
the
Salt, which
destined
was
theory
elements.
three
of
the
to become
of
ory
the-
Mercury
the
and
tial
influen-
most
until
matter
phlogiston theory
the
structed
con-
consistent
Sulphur,
constitution
replaced by
Paracelsus
and
comprehensive
more
this
foundation,
alchemists,
the
from
his
variable
and
vague
in the
ually
gradeenth
eight-
century.
Paracelsus
or
principles
them
also
elements
he
assigned
functions
was
not
Earth,
"
considered
Air, Water,
consisting
definite
more
the
the
as
in
had
To
and
previously
combustible
the
of
been
volatilityand
incombustibilityof
"For
all that
fumes
and
"
three
but
mary
pri-
elements
characterized
all
phur
Sul-
substances,
that
liquidity,or
which
the
ments
ele-
recognized.
Mercury
Salt
Fire
his three
better
volatility;and
that
of
principle in
metals;
property
Aristotelian
four
(tria prima).
than
merely
the
recognized
which
parted
im-
fusibility,and
determined
the
non-
substances.
disappears
in
vapors
is
THE
Mercury
REFORMER
; all that
all that
is ashes
These
of
Like
the
substance
but
as
there
different
in
Also
[fontibus],
ones
and
gems,
one
divided,
but
one
so
which
tained
con-
in
in
"For
"
kinds
Mercury.
silver, another
etc.
Also
the
emerald,
that
kinds
kind
of pear
only
yet they
are
of
one
there
of
or
is not
but
rerum."
Salt
the
are
species
others
so
"
only
three
they
only
as
many
still
kind
there
many
Salt, of
are
one
in
Of
things.
is
nature
with
same
metals,
of
different
"
the
just
"
apple
natura
of
further
gold
etc.
kinds
many
And
in
And
so
kinds
there
as
flint,salts, spring-waters
ones
Sulphur,
many
op.
stances,
sub-
of
another
etc
many
is
so
other
many
many
another
many
gems,
Mercury.
nature
so
"
lead, zinc,
not
different
And
nature
And
also
as
Mercuries.
in
stones,
etc.
metals,
Mercuries,
so
gold,
ties
proper-
Paracelsus
of fruits
sapphire,
in
but
in
of
was
another
Sulphur
in
another
in
one
another
kinds
Sulphur
iron,
different
of
words
also
Sulphur
substance
of
in
the
cepted.
ac-
they
invariable
constitution
nition
defi-
present
elements,
the
the
to
at
as
and
with
are
not,
are
answering
as
the
use
there
as
many
are
To
all matter
of
constant
into
Sulphur
Salt.'"'
substances
varied
it.
is
principles. Thus,
of
entering
is consumed
Aristotelian
typifiedqualities or
not
and
understood
elementary
IO7
CHEMISTRY.
constituents
be
to
burns
is also
three
however,
OF
of
is not
kinds.
one
more
gold
only
in
There-
I08
PARACELSUS.
fore
just
there
are
of
gold,
rather
generalizations of
as
in
sense.
closely related
than
the
to
as
the
century
Boyle
laid
bare
Boyle
indeed
definition
modern
by
cannot
of
though
definition
to
The
in
opening
in
the
of
mineral
put into
of
and
use
necessity
physician,
"
op.
and
of
advocated
the
as
basis.
substance
into
the
which
simpler
stituents,
con-
this
apply
to
discovery
chemical
the
He
in
of
only
not
in his
forcefully
chemistry
value
but
activity
substances
of
any
preparation
insistentlyand
the
in
nor
value,
to
chemical
chemistry
to
remedies.
mineralibus."
Robert
of
substance.
knowledge
emphasized
teenth
seven-
clearly enunciated
chemistry
known
pothesi
hy-
unscientific
field for
vegetable
many
he
of
in the
permanent
great
application
and
of
Aristotelian
until
Paracelsus
of
theory
new
practice, but
the
particular
chemical
dominant
venture
epoch-making
any
development
not
more
the
and
this
was
in
of the
resolved
did
he
service
great
not
was
any
first
be
it
analysis
element
an
efforts
our
critical
who
that
observed
inadequacy
was
that
of matter
keen
its
it
was
it became
nature
elements
as
time
concept
Consequently
elements.
than
importance
the
herent
in-
properties
The
phenomena
to
experimentation
his
for
theory possessed
followers
his
certain
matter,
to
common
modern
the
in
and
tary
elemen-
three
and
Paracelsus
of
principles
the
phurs
Sul-
gold.'""
of
Mercuries
consider
therefore
should
We
gold,
of
Salts
of
kinds
dififerent
many
as
to
the
experiment
OF
REFORMER
THE
against dependency
as
"But
because
also
are
of
the
ignorant
think
you
are
that
because
Valescus
know
which
they
who
persons
then
with
about
knew
their
it
know
true
proof
to
"What
But
in the
green
that
You
thus
of
but
But
do
made
nothing
that
than
that
is black
I
can
I find it written.'
alchemy?
read
make
me
to
help me)
who
are
think
not
do
what
of it.
be
and
do
it
this, this
and
"
say
it true.
ther
fur-
nothing,
I have
reason
to
and
is in
(God
without
call
prove
read, 'that
you
yet you
indeed
this is green
[of medicine]
Tell
how
is
lies,neither
philosophers
Much
to
virtue
use
and
Do
boast
know
you
no
and
know
but
it
that
so
can
not
cannot
who
such
true
things
chemists
do
not
attribute
vitriol,and
of mercury
you
do
you
You
and
books
out, you
wherein
natural
you
other
that,
it is
and
blue
have
powers
foundation
of
You
do
....
is in
in,the
written
the
true.
have
Archelaus
know
not
masters
"What
is
do
noble
beginners.
and
virtue,
nor
but
of herbs
virtues
it
vonarola
Sa-
their
writings.
are
Hermes
you
yourselves
about
author's
your
it from
But
carry
Do
That
.
written
it is true.
you
therefore
you
learned
cients.
an-
and
beginning.
have
cannot
you
Great
"
is there
that
chatter
it and
"
do
in it.
know
Avicenna
have
about
smooth
Doctores
yourselves
vitriol?
nature.
it is
put
of
much
Test
...
mysteries
etc., have
tested, they
not
alchemy
is but
Pliny, DioscorideS,
have
of
Vigo
That
of the
ignorant
you
and
everything ?
records
the
upon
you
IO9
CHEMISTRY.
laid my
in the
trusted
arts
in the
PARACELSUS.
no
of
knowledge
who
those
or
but
"
has
who
written?
shown
any
"
And
so
these
who
of
and
experiment
depended
following (he
is
proof
that
the
from
his
criticism
physician.""
the
for
of
those
authorities
who
is the
of medicinal
preparation
the
nize
recog-
argument
ancient
write
mists.
alche-
and
lame
Pliny
he
did
his
discussing
make
true
of
the
solely upon
proof,
know
not
but
are
you
"
illustration
Another
value
are
do
make
to
learned
if you
you
those
What
proofs?
had
nature,
to
it not
Is
he
which
That
how
knowledge
the
have
in
things
known
not
not
have
never
then
and
written
have
of
virtue
the
principles):
"The
the
of those
separation
earth
and
easily combustible,
are
place
in
many
from
ways.
them
first
distillate]
; then
products]
fourth
salt
its
art,
there
"But
serves
the
phlegm
the
and
for
internal
and
because
so
only
the
preparations
op. fol, I,
pp.
laziness
obtained
for
; and
the
display, I
are
remains
and
of
the
221f, "Paragranum."
ash].
chemical
powerful
supposed physicians
hand
not
quite ignored
cheap.
resin;
use.
upper
am
eous
gas-
fifth its
the
or
splendid
or
its
place by
external
watery
third
burns]
taken
is separated
volatile
uncombustible,
many
etc., takes
[i. e.,
oily portion;
fruits,
all
as
distillation
[i.e.,
mercury
found
are
[i.e., fuel]
"
by
separation has
has
such
and
Thus
from
grow
roots, woods,
this
remedies
art
the
[non- volatile
When
that
things
As
and
their
surprised
that
and
that
coal
char-
to
this
I will
that
say
the
REFORMER
if the
smith
of
use
their
THE
fire,as
medicines
that
the
"But
the
do
not
they
tend
their
do
thrust
the
fire
into
not
little
show,
their
praise
They
well
their
These
are
they
that
fires
and
dress
their
hands,
know
and
the
that
chatter
themselves
learning
words
master
Therefore
busy
are
and
sooty
and
and
the
not
them.
and
leathern
many
not
well
words
tion
recrea-
not
at
night.
charcoal-burners,
make
master,
cure
alone
with
the
know
nor
and
patients,do
for
remedies,
things
the
and
their
wipe
to
go
seek
plain
wear
or
hanging
make
must
but
which
upon
smiths
sick
and
velvets, gold
patiently day
fingers amongst
with
ruined
loafers
and
their
on
promenading,
like the
own
the
gloves
dirty
gossip
danger
[chemical] physicians,
with
consort
the
at
of hide
and
hence
without
be
all be
spagyric
laboratory,
their
rubbish
would
satins, silks
white
go
aprons
would
work
not
in
and
in
their
sides, and
They
metals
physicians prepare
fire,there
praise
gorgeous
on
Ill
his
work
so-called
without
their
and
these
CHEMISTRY.
flee.
to
for
rings
could
charcoal-burners
compelled
about
OF
the
work
his
work.
do
they
with
not
help
let
such
working
steps of alchemy.
tion,
solution, putrefaction,extracdistillation,
separation, reduction,
tion,
fixa-
coagulation, tinction,
etc.""
This
opening-up
of
natura
new
rerum."
field of chemical
es
activ-
PARACELSUS.
112
which
ity
promised
and
development
science
natural
of
Paracelsus
of
transmutation
those
among
of
study
it
indeed
was
and
A
arose.
imparted
that
be
can
justice be
It
is
interesting to
with
Georgius
Agricola
that
Agricola
also
was
versed
His
and
chemical
and
generally
theory
metallurgy
scientific
based
was
His
trained
point
the
of view
and
he
are
established
specialty in clear,
detailed
fact
yet
may
of
celsus
Para-
1494-1555.
well
oughly
thor-
as
the
systematic,
prevalent
upon
and
telian
Aristo-
interest
to
and
mining
writings
himself
facts
metallurgical
comprehensible.
permanent
confined
the
tions
generaliza-
work
of
and
the
than
of
been
metallurgy.
clear
more
had
chemistry.
as
processes
upon
thusiastic
en-
contemporary,
published work
possesses
because
presenting
and
and
"
Paracelsus
Bauer),
and
mining
facts
ideas.
(Georg
the
most
he
great German
medically
in
the
or
the
contrast
in
such
spite
of
of
response
Paracelsus
descriptions of mining
orderly
His
of his
goals
of
in
reformer
vain
impulse
that
to
called
the
that
discoveries
attributed
for
followers
so
chemical
search
many
important
chemistry,
to
great
no
with
and
were
chemists
productive
new
peals
ap-
interested
were
there
the
from
and
immediate
who
and
"
the
other
almost
met
students
nature
the
and
metals
of
the
important
most
period,
abandon
to
alchemists,
the
the
that
at
its
directly upon
touched
which
in
importance
practice of medicine,
field of the
field
of
much
so
the
processes
description,
so
of
from
celsus
Para-
task
of
of his
that
it
THE
might
be of
work.
with
as
two
interestingto
men
the
"
chemistry
the
other.
interests and
ola's great
have
aware
until
works
work
great
technical
chemistry,
is of permanent
the
reform
the
of
efiforts
subordinate
did
knew
value
celsus
Para-
but
death
not
many
Agric-
of
celsus,
Para-
which
tain
con-
in
appear
It is therefore
other.
remains
the
h\m
But
main
that
in
left little
science.
not
to
classic
has
chemical
not
Agricola's
a
Paracelsus
in
ence
exist-
the
possessed
of the
to
of these
and
Saxony
Agricola.
while
of
the
is
century
Paracelsus
chemistry was
of Paracelsus,
his
to
of
there
one
in common,
metallica
re
that
of
of
neither
De
in
after
chemistry
Paracelsus,
their
Austria
appeared
his
surprisingthat
been
cesses
pro-
the author.
neither
of
in the
and
Agricola
important
and
those
of
most
that
knowledge
work
facts
originalwith
Agricola
much
while
with
so
are
in Switzerland
follow
also in
appear
note
to
seems
"
of
most
should
chemical
that
that these
pretension
It is
who
Paracelsus,
II3
CHEMISTRY.
Many
mentioned
are
but
OF
for others
use
line of
same
no
REFORMER
aim
but
was
revolution
of
medicine.
the
Yet
was
influence
of
epoch-making.
Paracelsus
By pointing
chemistry
upon
out
rational
promising
successful
he
inaugurated
From
the
his
on
with
his
has
own
dies
remetinued
con-
portance
increasing im-
day.
present
time
by
which
movement
interruption and
without
to
activityand
and
new
vitality was
infused
PARACELSUS.
14
into
chemical
passive
there
and
experiments
unscientific
from
and
such
initiative
began
was
struggle
their
the
for
at
of
scientific
first;
ditions,
tra-
indeed
nevertheless,
to
thought
be
the
through
often
independent
spirit
and
progress
interpretation,
illogical
beginnings
authorities
ancient
of
acceptance
of
Instead
activity.
and
thought
developed.
only
and
CONTRIBUTIONS
AND
WHILE
to
the
specificcontributions
appears
more
nearly
the
to
his
lenism
of
attitude
of
greatly
the
his
less
Vesalius,
of
death
often
anatomy,
were
though
of
their
and
the
but
Gaan
assisted
whose
labors
soundly
the
medicine.
the
contemporaries
great
works
The
fluence
in-
admitted
which
more
founder
Pare,
his
arousing
workers
both
of Paracelsus.
be
in
questioning
scientific
called
of
differ
degenerate
effective
of other
edge
knowl-
authorities
the
upon
real
the
medical
It may
sensationally
foundation-stones
science
and
influence
laying
were
were
criticism
opposite
to
character
and
progress.
day
as
to
competent
assaults
vigorous
reformer
the
little doubt
extent
medical
upon
that
be
practice,while
as
as
science
contributions
his
comparatively-
are
true.
to
of
many
of Paracelsus
influence
medical
in
appears
and
widely
his
yet
question,
of
knowledge
and
beyond
value
SCIENCE
PRACTICE.
chemical
unimportant
There
MEDICAL
TO
"Father
of
appeared
Greater
of the
modern
of
gery,"
Sur-
Paracelsus,
only
Surgery
after
the
of Para-
Il6
PARACELSUS.
had
Fare's
classical
indebtedness
his
that
Admitting
has
Paracelsus
be
forgotten
of the
scientific value
his
that
in his
value
its present
Dr.
in the
other
less
The
also
heretic
to
condemned
became
his
by
his
Pare
that
more
Cf.
Stoddart,
The
guages,
lan-
should
both
teacher
and
as
the
his
he
his
ence,
influand
and
forced
result
is said
to
of his
successful
in
to
at
p.
sane
inwas
was
not
Padua
return
have
to
become
persecutions.
maintaining
official support,
Life of Paracelsus,
an
as
he
professorship
was
was
anatomy
on
be
not
Vesalius
Sylvius
work
great
body
universities
hostility. Vesalius
professionalpositionthrough
1
tury,
cen-
Dutch
underrating
that
this
city Brussels
was
the
in somewhat
the
Inquisition. Though
the
hypochondriac
into
former
untenable,
native
us
from
and
and
Paracelsus
recalled
his
by
denounced
be
suffered
denounced
sixteenth
the
hostilityof
and
mislead
it may
as
Pare
to
than
of
editions
of his shared
profession toward
permitted
ence
influ-
an
popularity.-
disapproval
the
and
not
knowledge.
later
Latin
French,
works
in this
degree
of
of
of
works
greater
nineteen
close
the
German,
and
light
some
by
Surgery
had
much
time
own
of
nevertheless
have
may
the
in
records
Sudhoff
Greater
work
treatises
medical
of the
none
the
for progress
"
his
the
to
his work/
of
first edition
Preface
in the
Paracelsus
to
eral
sev-
acknowledged
Pare
that
it is said
before
years
passed through
had
and
work
editions, and
thirty
nearly
appeared
celsus
65.
his
though
MEDICAL
the
faculty of
The
been
history of
medical
subject
more
the
the
natural
critics of
of
be
of
best
Thus
in
that
article
"Surgery")
says:
fourteenth
and
The
dead
men
of
level
Pare,
Vesalius
of Andreas
hands
teaching
reformer
of
has
as
direct
is
Paracelsus
that
in
innovator
an
to
are
nature
also
point
out
his
sound
the
ofifspringand
for
and
connection
goiter
of
and
between
the
ever,
howbut
description
is
perfectly
on
was
cretinism
parents."
as
processes,
His
he
of his
surgery,
observations
sensible
Padua.
is not,
example,
numerous
briel
Ga-
merits
natural
distinguished.
'hospitalgangrene,'
true
of
observer
at
great
operative
and
much
It
surgical practice
of
at
anatomy
in which
Paracelsus
two
( 1493-
(1514-1564)
form
by
Paracelsus
....
rather
of
mystical
cast,
was
as
to
the
from
most
al-
are
first
Owen
surgical history.
revival
the
celsus.
of Para-
centuries
for
genius, P.
by
sources
Edmund
is broken
tradition
and
most
(eleventh edition,
fifteenth
interest
originalityand
and
1541)
of
Dr.
Britannica
entirely without
such
contributions
the
Encyclopaedia
"The
has
of competent
From
to surgery,
respect
than
study
number
science.
summarized
with
discovery
the
history have estimated
the development
of various
in the
his
protested
and
thorough
medical
Paracelsus
departments
the
of Paris
science
sciences, and
early
of
place
may
University
of office.
tenure
of
the
II7
PRACTICE.
AND
SCIENCE
lis
syphithe
first
of the
Il8
PARACELSUS.
the
inherited
character
that
there
indeed
lations
has
in modern
disease
so
diseases
attention
his
then,
do
writings, which
my
than
by saying
but
of
luxus
in your
and
that
French
been
ever
the
therefore
princes,
that
and
down
me
into the
Baas,
and
p. 403.
fol, I,
201 f.
world
the
and
mire
Geschkhtliche
Pagel, Handbuch
about
triflingthing?
Because
be
"
no
has
and
attacks
shall
bring help
the
the
Entwickelung
resulted
Geschichte
der
to
in
throw
sick.
des
errors
would
you
spare
is the
worse
relate
for me,
der
converted
which
this has
not
I have
"
and
because
write
severely
most
abuse
other
nobody
Because
and
inferred
refute
to
may
spares
high reputation
Neuburger
*0p.
wounds
peasants
found,
Quoted
by
Standes, p. 210.
III,
and
way
that
whole
which
"
no
despised?
despised?
lords
"
the
be
[i.e., syphiHs],
personages
be
I have
good
in
of contemptuous
may
nothing
Is
be
all open
known
highest
to
disease
disease
worst
I know
of these
[Gugelfritsen]
in
can
venere?
opinion
understood
into the
that
as
voted
de-
Paragranum:*
clowns
you
of
Paracelsus
subject
in the
you
character
consideration
made
them
repliesto
"Why,
That
his opponents,
by
attributes
also
hereditary
the
to
evidently
was
criticism
from
the
Paracelsus.'
to
much
of
regii-
Paracelsus
which
Bloch
Iwan
states
subordinate
and
few
and
disease
syphilistherapy
first observation
that
or
but
enunciated.
not
the
are
this
of
of
recognition
the
with
Paracelsus
credits
diseases,
syphilitic
of
historian
the
Proksch,^
also
So
For
arstlichen
Medisin
MEDICAL
it is
they
and
not
IIQ
PRACTICE.
SCIENCE
AND
I whom
you
would
into
cast
the
gutter."
Dr.
Bauer"
calls attention
of Paracelsus
the
at
vogue
hypothesis
of the
could
that
be
"For
the
on
in
times
the
historical
not
hesitate
efifective
as
credit
the
to
to
meaningless
with
it
'
Geschichte
der
'
Neuburger
and
'
Ibid., II,
pp.
Aderldsse,
the
p.
period
times
a
finally
work
master
however
brilliant
and
have
cian
physiat
gone
established, nevertheless
of
the
medieval
merit
of
the
polypharmacy
superstitious,and
was
thus
will
pharmacology
of many
to
attention
metallic
arations
prep-
remedies."
summarizes
147.
36ff.
the
But
of
chemical
Neuburger^
Max
portance
im-
....
value
analogous
of
name
effectivelycalled
having
pharmacological
in
sources
the
as
form
"re-
contested
by
Paracelsus
of
the
much
him
he
yield to
his
Schaer
to
direction
goal
in
E.
in recent
consideration
and
Dr.
been
adherents
the
in
medicine
of
has
repression
him
blood
pharmacology,"
of
misunderstood
beyond
often
rebirth
investigation of
have
Dr.
whose
favorable
overzealous
may
harmony
pharmacology
attaches
Paracelsus
the
for
says
history
Reformation
of critical
the
on
that the
argument
and
art
first instance
for
established
based
the
disturbed
the
upon
therewith,"
Theophrastus
much
objections being
healing
in the
the
blood-lettingin
excessive
process
protest
monograph
of
the
and
the
connection
his
time,
system,
not
the
against
rational
the
to
the claims
PARACELSUS.
I20
of
Paracelsus
to
in medicine
advances
"Under
rendered
the
that
in
importance
to
of
practical
art
this
number
mineral
of
and
the
the
mineral
waters
by
his
dus)
investigation
of
he
extracts
of
has
achieved
also
was
devils
dance.
this
to
rather
or
and
Cor-
alcoholic
fundamental
really
unimportant
no
rendered
natural
pharmacy
all time."
for
It
contents
Valerius
tinctures
....
merit
iron
the
and
Croll
of
copper,
in teaching
hand
essentially improving
preparation
great
in
(determination
in
of
use
injurious actions,
scientific
disciples Oswald
the
by
other
the
their
the
to
way
nutgalls),
(with
of
knowledge
paving
on
cessory
ac-
new
(iron, lead,
substances
antimony, mercury),
istry
chem-
comprehending
in
medicine,
to
the
making
of
value
useful
historical
bringing
In
in
vices
ser-
many
so
preeminent
his
and
higher plane
healing
of
doubted.
be
Paracelsus
utilitarianism
respect
cannot
branch
the
banner
the
useful
the
of
history
in the
place
medical
than
It
is
direction
thought,
history
of
witches
during
Doubtless
the
the
if
the
may
tortures
century
also
we
influence
after
fantastic
the
in
influence
rary
contempo-
upon
and
of
St. Vitus's
as
judge
celsus
Para-
attributing to
if his
immediate
trials,
a
maladies
perhaps
very
least
at
in
that
mystical
nervous
doubtful
was
science
to
spiritssuch
service
from
the
executions
activityof
character
sad
of
celsus.
Para-
of
the
MEDICAL
philosophy
the
of
cases
the
the
Paracelsus.
was
think
Europe
diseases
that
of
disease
moment
of
and
that
course
idea
his
diseases
certain
so
as
and
he
History
London,
that
of- the
1896
by
appears
idea
new
it took
loose
in
1563
the
another
it at
to
upon
it and
fiftyyears
maintained
much
their
new
sician,
phyrisk
authorities
ancient
the
must
had
its
have
pronounced
they
were
cordingly
ac-
profession. Rejecting
authorities, Paracelsus
of Science
(reprinted 1919), II,
Warfare
and
Paracelsus
by
disease
every
incurable,
as
the
form
theological leaders
but
considered by
did
reputation."
scholastic
The
these
demons,
interference;
Cleves, revived
of
doctrine
remedy.
that
Paracelsus
about
interesting thesis
the
modern
effected
understood
soon
For
and
position
An
science
nor
be
may
the
'let
had
they
John. Wier
cure
kept under,
well
was
idea
saints
by
serious
any
simple.
was
the
regimen.
he
planet,' but
the
was
the
which
escaped
understand
to
neither
science, and
first bade
upon
be
to
of medical
who
was
began
medical
of
some
scale
Century,
the
have
to
large
it
inflicted
remedies
proper
sixteenth
scope
He
for
are
and
of the
who
man
services
the
direction:'
beginning
within
historyof science,
characterizes
'possession'on
brought
diminish
to
thought.
saner
of the
thus
in this
in the
and
student
White,
Paracelsus
"Yet,
itself served
his sounder
P.
121
PRACTICE.
AND
Paracelsus
distinguished
Andrew
of
of
efifect of
A
SCIENCE
with
p. 139.
Theology,
New
York
PARACELSUS.
122
naturally enough
his
with
had
of
able
be
to
debate
was
method
the
or
in
reasonableness
interpretation of
of its
of
priori
and
purpose,
doctrines
the
of
ical
philosoph-
the
by
by
not
evidence
upon
"
^but
"
divine
the
partisan
of
by
his
So
he
Christ.
:"
says
therefore
"Know
in
science
metaphysical argument
rather
thesis
this
that
thesis, however,
observation
and
experiment
ical
of med-
Paracelsus.
after
his
modern
of
pretension
history
The
shows
century
sustains
Paracelsus
no
of certain
frequent subject
the
during
makes
discussion
and
Paracelsus
of
cures
all diseases.
cure
thought
effected
he
diseases, though
these
to
remedies
new
himselt
he
that
believed
he
also
Manifestly
true.
necessarily
as
relation
heal
entertained
for
For
God
live
long,
that
for
our
"There
strongly
this
is
in this
sins
yet
influenced
they
book
not
desire
not
so
that
say
that
to
die
there
we
but
write
God
has
always
its
cure.
live, arid
to
to
and
sorrow
which
error
this
book"
which
Behold,
it to
repent of them."
may
great
for
is
for
bear
may
diseases
incurable.
are
we
be trusted
to
whenever
medicine
to
us
so
possible
mercy,
another
me
for
life
is
it is
disease
every
does
remorse
and
anger
provided
that
"
disease,
natural
every
because
health
to
medicine
that
namely,
include
their
now,
has
in
great
.
folly; how
incurable
"
Liber
Kritik
p.
415.
der
can
when
de
physician
death
religione perpetua,
Echtheit
der
is
not
quoted
Paracelsischen
say
that
present;
disease
those
is
only
einer
by Sudhoff, Versuch
Schriften, Berlin, 1894-99, II,
MEDICAL
are
incurable
in which
of
of
assert
who
gout;
has
and
that
the
the
sick
they
need
they
be
cannot
be
they
may
that
they
not
are
and
helped
from
and
opposing
without
evidenced
Boyle
in
by
the
of
that
but
cine,
medi-
mankind
having put
methods
himself
lived
Robert
of
Pyrophithe
glorious
vainof
some
longer
than
something
owes
men
is
thought
and
no
was
in
hope
to
of
"
Boyle's Works,
erste
Birch's
Defension."
ed., London,
"
of scholasticism.
writings
some
be
He
against dogma,
disapprove
Paracelsus
say
sick.""
following:" "But,
yet I think
for
you
of Paracelsus
the
all that
chymists
the
in
say
it because
contemporary
for
followers, who
men,
the
dictum
upon
cannot
boasts
other
will
the
to
ways
this
century
we
you
Every disease
it is God's
passage
do
say
mother.
scholasticism
influence
lus, though
his
is your
that
physician.
physician that
You
helped?
For
to
the
then, do
Why,
those
If, then,
so.
the
not
him.
in marvelous
is
need
They
says
Are
physician, why
you
he
labyrinth [oferrors] of
the
Ignorance
manifested
This
be
to
its medicine.
has
helped by
born
are
you
the
where
need
they
know
do
Why
I think
then
proven,
as
heads,
you
physician?
they
foolish
you
Christ,
of
of
Thus
speak, because
abandon?
you
sick
are
to
saying
have
sick whom
not
accomplish nothing ?
can
consider
not
is present.
death
you
I23
PRACTICE.
epilepsy.
authorized
nothing
AND
SCIENCE
1744, I,
p. 481.
PARACELSUS.
124
them
For
before
only
not
the
by
trials and
make
to
Helmont,
nus
and
too
forward
to
and
such
diseases
from
nature
could
do
will
and
but
are
afifirm
openly
not
too
such
that
if
with
troubled
apt
"that
shall
In
consideration
wounds
to
plastering, or
he
and
to
itself
There
to
if it is
is
and
well
as
his
frequently
12
Cf.
Fr.
there
sent
Helfreich
for
in
the
noted
that
of
sewing
regulation
from
diet,
wound
clean.""
skilful and
is
contemporary
Neuburger
or
plication
ap-
of
"Every
Paracelsus
from
the
poultices and
as
even
tional
ra-
Paracelsus
by
up
cure.
enjoyed
successful
show
siderable
con-
titioner,
prac-
testimony,
as
that
he
was
long distances
to
treat
statements,
own
those
Instead
and
effect the
only kept
reputation
will be
cleanliness, protection
doubt
no
diseases
deride
which
with
enemies,"
nature
been
closing
them
advocated
"external
trusting
heals
covering
even
them."
cure
sores.
open
of
such
if not
treatment
and
treatment
customary
dirt
and
but
presented, they
to
two
particular patient
have
previous chapter
applied
hope
those
though they
and
(at least)
and
attempt
is
them
undervalue
to
very
of
any
such
detract
not,
who
many
are
could
ordinary physick
what
with
that
confess
than
art
be
to
rather
and
incurable,
Severi-
wont
were
troubled
men
pronounce
of Ar-
cures
Rulandus,
physicians
many
fear, there
now,
great
some
Paracelsus,
Villanova,
de
naldus
and
promises
many
excited
and
awakened
were
men
thereunto.
in order
attempts
to
and
p.
IS.
MEDICAL
and
wealthy
baffled
the
It
is,of
in
even
doubt
to
reason
critics of his
keen
able
the orthodox
dogmas
That
unsuccessful.
would
rather
And
practice founded
be the
naturally
paths.
observation
in his
that
probable
natural
native
stated
by
common
est
of
his
their infallible
methods
new
quitepossible.
most
ically
rad-
breaking
and
personal
the
rather
and
and
practice
It
seems
sick, his
tastic
fan-
subordinated
practical logic.
see
Neuburger," "We
prominent embodiment
was
where
cures
Scientia."
with
was
sense
Professor
.the
.
been
dealings
philosophy
is
experiment
teaching: "Experientia
his
result
have
to
his
good
of hostile
independent empiricism
an
upon
seems
"
than
little
mind, he
open
by
That
ability
seems
effect
to
or
sources
of
drawing
intuitive
rather
experience, not
dialecticallyinvolved
Paracelsus
that theories
the
'"'
practice of
Ibid.,II, p. 35.
has
that
of
the
than
reasoning
not
consciously recognized
of
shame
physician.
the
scholasticism."
clearlyexpressed
be
the
unfathomable
infrequently pvits to
indeed
should
the
upon
As
in Paracelsus.
enigmatic, intuitive,anticipativeintelligenceof
people, which,
of
remedies, his
new
unusually
relief
afford
did harm
new
to
his
his
physicians trammeled
were
sometimes
with
that
and
to
there
assertion
the
spite of
time,
observation
indeed
"
in
of
measufe
true
Nevertheless,
day.
our
the
always
not
physicians.
popular reputations
that
true
course,
physicians are
Galenic
had
maladies
I25
PRACTICE.
AND
SCIENCE
permitted
to
his
ion
opin-
dominate
126
PARACELSUS.
"For
arguments
their
as
admonish
of
For
according
used
thrust,
to
club
To
he
is
and
That
of
symptoms
keep
to
his
his
defense
in which
they
and
symptoms
"They
patient, I
do
an
him,
but
indeed
true
that
their
end
their
day
as
is and
from
hence
day
obscure
colors
green,
1*
folly is
first
time
to
blue,
to
they
know
passes
betake
day
With
etc.
cannot
colors
to
come
the
find
to
for
less
be
at
we
can
matter
It is
out.
diately
imme-
what
to
to arrive
"Von
nents
opponizing
recog-
once
false, and
If, however,
300f.
his
judgment
themselves
endeavor
when
time
blame
is
indicated
of
at
ward
to-
much
too
is also
pronounce
judgment
diseases
are.
they
that
mind
open
instantly what
I need
that
enced
experi-
that
me
know
not
is with
"
of
complain
ments
experi-
its fashion.""
to
of not
treatment
spear
stroke
attacks
him
accuse
own
must
an
patients, not
certain
against
as
and
which
requires
according
endeavored
he
the
it
direct
its
is it with
of his thrust
sure
oppose
as
power,
also
so
we
prejudice.
weapon
experiments
use
who
use
may
without
"
to
not
it out
peculiar
strike
to
....
man
its
to
these,
sidered
con-
Therefore
according
is like
experiment
every
be
follow
to
be
to
but
experiment
permits
power
reads
who
one
other
nor
are
expressions.
own
every
methods
the
they
applicable,but
are
theories
neither
experiments
in
at
once
see
there
day
the
lying,
the
trouble
For
recognized
were
frantzosischen
is
a
while
truth.
what
to
as
black,
curtain
Blatern,"
etc.
MEDICAL
in
front
What
the
what
them
were
he
as
he
from
visible.
the
it is vain
eyes
for
sees
skilful
it
first time
the
an
first
lead
that
it is with
Thus
.
trials and
and
cannot
be
hasty judgments
humoral
physicians
Paracelsus
of
reform
the
it must
For
of
dogmas
his
the
diseases,
and
his
he
hospitalityto
but
discredit
corruptions
that
the
by
the
the progress
in
he
the
this
assault
elements
medical
difficult
to
siebente
tradition, by
theories
assault
of
the
Galenic
for
greater
is unquestionable,
also
as
did
well
achievements
justly balance
"
and
Defension.''
many
his
ideas
he
of
by
reactionary influences
of medicine
of medicine.
Paracelsus
way
progressive
stituted
in-
he
opposed
That
paved
practice,
which
that
weaknesses
valuable
of ancient
It is very
and
and
new
and
fantastic
the
theories.
time
the
though
historians
intrenched
absurdities
of
by
authorities
fantastic
made
campaign
To
own.
Greek-Arabian
equally
upon
these
whither
tedious
remembered
be
true.
He
burned.
knowledge
is variously estimated
medicine
it is to
positivecontributions
of the
medical
to
value
net
upon
know
this.""
do
the value
Admitting
the
,be,when
how
or
see
obscure
be
miner;
cannot
yield,nor
if
so
the
and
tests
run
as
grasp
may
he
must
to
as
ore,
it will
contains, what
to
instance, the
for
Take,
be
can
them.
rcognize
not
what
of
see
12/
PRACTICE.
AND
could
we
can
eyes
is hidden
it
be
of
SCIENCE
much
as
is also
the
he
the
gressive
pro-
exerted
in
naturally,there-
128
PARACELSUS.
differ
fore, authorities
burger^" appreciates
considered
was.Vesalius
that
of his
much
of
scientific
and
biologicalfoundations,
the
not
was
fantastic
microcosm
The
disaffection
to
was
has
ever
with
or
similar
with
of his
greater
of
his
one
and
no
less
sought
"We
this
1"
to
recent
a
be
called
seized
value
of
he
chose
analogical
and
macrocosm
and
soning
rea-
led
nowhere.
conditions
in
thinks
can,
revolution.
That
the
constructive
work
the
kept
reformer
mistaken
the
was
method
life
heart,
honor
Einsiedeln.
of
the
his
truer
in view
endeavors
was
of
problem
it with
served
scientific
"Scarcely
remarks,
the
earnestness
But
mistaken
by
which
it."
critical
effect, that
real
dation-stone
foun-
interpretation.
with
Haser"
writer, Professor
must,
no
sense
methods.
attain
more
laid
campaign,
through
vein
calling than
aim
his
enthusiasm,
the
he
by
physician
purer
the
method
of
discontent
later
in
be
physiological
his
and
and
scientific
In
the
convincing
hardly
come
more
but
philosophy
produced
Neuburger,
its
is to
he
developments
upon
not
were
medicine
of
found
right method,
and
for
medicine
aim
to
later
the
thought
His
was
the
and
importance,
thought required
modern
is, he
that
Pare,
or
of
that
medicine
of
reformer
as
accompHsh-
the
yet doubts
Paracelsus,
of
ments
of
value
the
Neu-
Thus
question.
this
upon
point
then,
"
of
view:
summarize
Paracelsus
Magnus,'^* presents
Hugo
keenly
judgment
our
felt the
18
op.
to
frightful
cit.,pp,
11-13.
SCIENCE
MEDICAL
corruption
but
that
the
causes
found
in the
that
of
he
sought
theory
superman
wrestling
but
in
nor
in his
"
in
not
the
must
limited
to
respect,
points
that
chemical
in
a
in
and
reformer,
of
therapy,
allowed
even
his
in his
here
times,
own
in
of
the
to
way
In
he
need
not
this
has
neo-Platonism
to
attempt
organic
life
to
emphasize
very
powerful
respect
pointed
also he has
our
in certain
first to
phenomena
the
essentially
an
pioneer
the
was
I do
and
nevertheless
pathological phenomena
if here
ation,
valu-
own
to-day
the
as
He
science.
our
valuation
trick."
and
medical
relationshipbetween
no
nature,
sure,
thereby paved
he
advance
the
sense,
energy,
as
of his
be considered
of the
away
wore
"
medicine
of
of view.
consideration
a
find
of
be
concept
posterity.
of
concept
better
mental
reformer
recognition
can
all
hatred
Paracelsus
imagination,
the
super-colleague
blind
bodily and
methods
Theophrastic
the
as
judgment
general
modern
his
be
must
ancients.
of the
and
new
it
in
So
own
"If, therefore, I
the
in
being
lived, indeed,
and
shatter
of this
root
that
art
medicine.
and
nature
believed
maligned by
he
the
healing
to
existed, without
in confused
in
the
Instead
science.
system
to
penetrate
to
of his
he
scholastics,
the
how
scholastic
degeneration,
thus
of
understand
29
investigationof
the
hands
the
exclusively in
And
and
this condition
of
medical
from
did not
he
seeking
old
medicine
suffered
nature
of
which
PRACTICE.
AND
was
paths
new
as
theorized
play
celsus
Para-
him
well
in
as
enough
many
PARACELSUS.
130
discarding
By
authorities,
much
and
Greeks,
the then
not
were
accessible
in them
by
in
have
been
if he
had
Paracelsus
To
the
than
of
promoter
his
"Through
of mistaken
so
that
the
wildest
celsists
of
the
will
critical
credit
in
of
downfall
to
of
say
the
that
rather
science.
impulse
gave
his
illustrate
followers,
the
the
Para-
trend
Paracelsus
the
as
of
former
re-
the
him
as
of
his
Indeed, it
reform
medical
century
be
not
was
mainly
patient labors
was
of
ence
sci-
science,
modern
may
and
cine,
medi-
forceful
in medical
of
of
extent
of
scholastic
basis
century,
the
reformer
reform
work
great
nineteenth
only through
real
upon
follow.
that
as
to
as
vary
of the
The
not
was
to
point
in this direction
among
certainly be given
must
the
may
Paracelsus
its establishment
century
built upon
scientific
among
of
judgment
of his time.
method,
he
existed
to
serve
estimates
influence
agent
and
medicine.
However
the
good
medical
of
theories
vagaries
the
opponent
an
notions
least
succeeding century."
above
of
the
the
at
were
influence
progress
irrational
all sorts
modern
of his
the
to
The
possessed
therefore
was
of
versions, and
incorporated
extent
Paracelsus
they
texts,
translated
newly
might
of view.
prevailing
did
authorities
Greek
original
the
although
not
but
time
achievements
positive
the
discredit
to
assailed
his
of
Galenism
ancient
the
Paracelsus
Magnus,
corrupted
the
only
thinks
all
condemning
and
scientific
of
nor
the
too
much
the
work
made
possible
many
investi-
MEDICAL
in
gators
and
the
unchallenged
and
domains
of
I3I
PRACTICE.
AND
chemistry,
physics,
anatomy
biology.
If, however,
may
SCIENCE
at
least
prophetic
we
place
recognize
voice
claim
cannot
of
the
in
crying
for
reformer
him
in
of
an
the
the
Paracelsus
medicine,
earnest,
wilderness.
powerful
we
WERE
to
he
AND
MISSION
THE
be
of
which
Paracelsus
the
accepted during
was
be
in
the
and
coarse
of
had
gradually
charlatan
ignorant
consider
to
of
teacher
ter
charac-
eighteenth century
in terms
contradiction
role
of the
to
we
SICIAN.
PHY-
THE
OF
ETHICS
that
"
it would
seriously
him
morality. and
of
ideals
"
come
ethics.
number
of
of Paracelsus
justifyus
of
judgment
students
thorough
his
to
be,
affecting
or
Oporinus,
of
in
Paracelsus,
his
and
discredited
which
both
brought
Paracelsan
on
out
contest,
but
long
this
and
letter
of
different
during
duced
ad-
integrity
student
and
after
the
shows
been
have
the
death
of drunkenness
testimony
of
the
times
often
accusation
the
grounds
the
he
secretary
makes
against him,
as
earnestness,
written
indeed
very
incidents
former
letter
life and
the
personality.
rude
essential
His
morality.
and
authentic
no
of
accepting
character
Egotistic, intolerant
himself
in
of
investigations
the
Fortunately, however,
has
been
circumstances
the
general
bitter
character
antiof
MISSION
the
AND
Had
writer/
it is
charge
ETHICS
of this effective
his
by
there
hardly
quote
the
statement
of
former
"But
the
on
he
anything
scarcely
statement
of that
excesses
sus's
works
life
own
and
This
charge
fact
country
doing
had
of Latin
Greek
to
Ci.
But
those
much
the
set
in his
and
Schubert
the
him
own
Latin
the
and
indeed
and
with
authors
language
doned
con-
in Paracel-
such
condemns
that
convictions.
him.
that
in his
his
that
and
largely upon
in German
lived
who
works,
tom
cus-
occasional
even
based
lectured
same
The
charged against
been
knew
larly
simi-
have
himself
rather
time
make
in which
his
it evident
Paracelsusforschungen,
use
allusions
many
they
so
Luther
Moreover,
his
and
for
reasons
animated
example.
Sudhoff,
he
the
positive evidence
be
and
wrote
well
commanded
1
he
had
time,
Oporinus.
he
no
have
doubtless
were
is
cannot
to
he
the
passages
where
there
seems
in Latin.
than
who
that
few
also
until
against
would
inconsistent
was
Ignorance
of
indulgence
not
says:
undertaken
had
stand
kind, though
are
drunkenness,
he
well
country
reasonable
had
drank
nor
statement
and
he
[gemeiniglich lustig]."
may
of his time
which
he
then, when
unsupported
the
ate
Wiese,
der
von
enjoyed drinking,
when
ordinarilymerry
This
his
Paracelsus
hand,
it and
completed
became
other
in
Schubert
J. Agricola,
of
Aegidius
use
made
been
have
work
the
for
greater
lifetime.
his
from
I33
basis
that
not
Paracelsus,
that
true
solid
believed
certain
of
PHYSICIAN.
would
also
pupil
this is
but
be
to
antagonists during
Sudhoff
been
weapon
and
THE
OF
that
writ-
were
II,
he
pp.
79ff
PARACELSUS.
134
possessed
and
ten
their
perhaps
doctrines, though
in their
earnestness
the
standards
of
piety
We
of
of the
medical
The
we
ethical
practitioner as
the
sincere
and
added
The
probable
too
somewhat
is also
manifest.
appeal
such
upon
profession
and
of Paracelsus
medical
the
may
best
ness
bitter-
and
him
understood
as
and
"
it would
the conventional
be
its
students
suspicious of
"
lastic
scho-
from
his
utterances.
"Ye
the
resentment
ample
reform
at
of the
contempt
and
criticisms
physician
own
efforts
if
ready
al-
have
as
affords
personal
of the
influence
his
time,
the
justify the
to
as
and
campaign
particularly upon
seem,
utterances
Agrippa
medicine
warrant
of
element
his
the
of
standards
at
Erasmus,
history of
and
character
not
from
such
was
ethics
expressions
such
persecution
an
to
were
from
the
as
Paracelsus
the
and
medical
of
quoted
confirmation,
That
the
missionary.
been
of
the
judge
Ramus,
essential
ideals
of
condition
may
raise
to
the
nor
reiterated
constantly
medicine,
devoted
efiforts
justifiedin accepting
therefore, be
may,
his
doubt
to
reason
no
ethics,
comings
his short-
been
convictions.
own
mission
medical
of
consistently and
of
is
sincerity of
or
his
terest
in-
scholarly
have
may
limitations, there
the
not
writings.
Nevertheless, whatever
and
familiarity with
extensive
an
physicians, of
what
title,the university,if
we
use
to
possess
is the
us
not
name,
the knowl-
MISSION
AND
ETHICS
not
if
US
have
the
not
considered
we
to
arises, when
the
Whom
do
by
reason
not
grow
in
in
is like
of
garden
experience
and
garden
mutilated
are
tree
if it lacks
trunk
are
The
taught by
who
deserve
them
no
the
mutilated
Or
to
trunk
in
yield
no
trooper
horse
his
to
cuts
off the
adorn
his
But
vanity.
nothing
to
helmet
when
reward
for
trooper's splendor.
ourselves
us
we
as
to
have
over
the
no
to
to
that
so
the
having
with
us
cians
physi-
gratify
may
the
flies
when
Swabian
or
he
and
it
horse
and
has
has
if
we
the
to
give
happens
diseases
must
the
only
"
contributed
horse, when
And
simile, as
show,
be,
fantasies,
physicians :
and
protect
those
fruits
comes
use
of it.
Prankish
from
vanity
Swabian
tails
So
of what
human
another
summer
him
protect
wretched
tail of
in the
trees
it may
are
....
in
founded
are
come
only
take
knowledge
handsome
the
and
of
trunk,
can
virtues
the
know
If the
fruits
to
does
Knowledge
nature.
grounded
stands
cloak
arts
tall and
mutilated
are
doctor's
garden
to
the
not
the
not
the
down
branches
who
do
we
trees;
However
tree
if
herbs.
the
those
the
worthily
have
we
that
"
when
be able
should
knowledge?
heads,
our
and
we
are
we
countries
honors,
and
that
use
or
honors,
but
their
of
contained
they
cities
we
is it for
What
what
bestowed
honors
knowledge?
like
Of
cian,
physi-
great display, if
make
by lords,
great
repay
is the
school.
great and
knowledge
of need
and
the
the
makes
Knowledge
or
I35
PHYSICIAN.
THE
are
time
name
appear
we
OF
to
appear
be
vexed
136
PARACELSUS.
diseases
the
by
our
vanity
and
name
title
and
is
they
whom
to
judge
they
may
your
garden
and
trees
the
it
be
should
and
a
in
its
place,
taken
there
the
like
eyes
This
this
be
planted
into
enter
and
he
after
so
in another
the
is made
garden,
of
paths
experience
is
and
feast
appear.
disfor
about
I should
is, that
that
sities].
univer-
fruits
his
mutilation
much
planted
into
brought
was
just
fruitfulness
linden-tree, but
the
show,
For
the
[in
physician's
transplanting
that
reason,
the
and
linden
there
that
saw
garden.
a
to
transplanted
be
and
up
place
him,
from
away
dug
it takes
so
For
in another
is
other.
an-
where
garden
vanity
I should
that
planted
fruit-tree
good
as
for
about
brought
was
in
it into
from
Archeites
into
me
then
slight ornament
no
the
lead
would
growth
was
when
But
university.
that
and
me
grown
was
in that
trained
was
mutilated
are
not
and
themselves
transplanted
was
is, I
That
they scrutinize,
accordingly.
me
monish
ad-
to
....
hostile, but
are
wish
on
useful
so
was
there
that
physicians
all
remaining
stump
tail which
the
longer
no
the
only
are
and
rump
protection
splendor, our
and
horse's
the
gadflies. For
rings
paternosters, our
the
by
horse
the
as
I should
avoid
that
mutilation."^
Evidently
his
his
day brought
of
himself
lack
called
of
attacks
forth
the
upon
from
his
practitioners of
opponents
professional courtesy,
upon
to
defend
himself
charge.
2
Chir.
Biicher,
Preface,
for
tions
accusa-
he
against
feels
this
MISSION
"It
I
AND
should
appear
strange
not
THE
praise selfishness
cannot
know
how
has
become
harmful
take
place
show
in all
it
falsified
into
and
that
is,so
falseness
things. The
love.
of
medicine
.1, for
There
house
is
keeper,
human
diseases
with
tells him
the
take
everything
there
have
the
case
they
do
not
only
is also
"It
that
"
To
have
will
have
is
no
right
rings
and
clothing
not
law
come
it is there.
doctor's
custom
rightly or
a
and
become
custom
or
but
more
of
gold
proclaim
take
to
they
So
to
so
wicked
whether
they
in
all the
to
them
deserved,un-
the
I do
know
not
earned
they
use:
law
"
not.
or
fulfil the
to
law
wish
of
to
it
take, whether
"
deck
they
his
good physician.
whether
gulden
another
any
Therefore
wherever
not
pity for
chains
and
it has
that
wrong.
or
is
greed they
lazy and
being
that
visit is worth
....
love
so
only
gets money
care
whether
it
permits
of
reputation
all
cure
conscience
way.
remedies
Whoever
not.
or
the
sell their
his
sell
to
of their
all the
ception.
de-
bawdy-
disease
one
their
comes
into medicine
and
They
....
of
am
into
not
his
when
even
because
But
that
come
has
purse
that
part,
claim
and
money
treatment
him.
to
vagabonds,
for
it, and
that
permitted
suit
fat
founded
be
my
will
can
tion
corrup-
hangman,
that
dog-killer
or
dog's
or
abandoned
no
to
fallen
so
astray
nothing
not
it has
that
led
leads
physician must
in
but
of medicine
that
so
because
been
has
that
one
any
art
which
ashamed
the
it and
by
to
medicine,
in
bargaining,
without
selfishness
on
OF
37
PHYSICIAN.
ETHICS
themselves
go
about
world
with
in silken
their
open
138
PARACELSUS.
disgrace,
which
for
proper
they
^it is
about"
Medicine
God
of
physician ;
strut
consider
they
sight
be
should
which
art
an
as
picture
in the
abomination
an
is
Hke
ornamented
so
and
honor
an
as
ployed
em-
....
with
does
not
and
and
in
fear
God
who
he
him
the
conscience
no
anything
doing anything
the
it would
me
In
similar
all
do
can
a
that
arts
more
than
when
cannot
His
studied
may
God
it all
deceived
so
as
knaving
or
Jew
indeed,
Is it not
ideal
true
his
of
mission
finds
writings,
as
op.
Op.
the
of
these
and
is appointed
because
lie, and
them?"*
medical
frequent
ence
sciance
utter-
following
amples
ex-
that
'
them
mands
com-
crime
him
assist
must
physician
illustrate
wills
the
let
must
with
people
not
throughout
"For
the
have
the
on
that
pass
of
speed
such
to
hold
doctors.
them
exalted
and
the
a
from
or
depended
says
they. And,
help
who
others
than
city,and
it
peasant
common
credence
in
he
and
have
They
more
shame
elsewhere
medicine
swindling.
their
he
brought things
flee from
men
and
vein
have
"They
If
tree.
in
having
rather
I would
who
long delayed."'
be
not
that
at
from
pseudo-medici,
the
please them
to
laid
be
to
axe
with
do
to
he
shame
no
myself
....
perience
ex-
continually,
also
has
defended
I have
I trust
for
steals
and
murders
great
God,
of
fear
great
he
has
and
conscientiousness
great
man
be
truthful
fiinfte Defension."
and
not
MISSION
doubter
and
liar ; He
and
ordained
truth
and
Such
is the
"Now
professions
of
the
"As
he
is
be
old
real
wife,
it is the
now
physician
that
great God
has
works
of
born
He
a
and
poor
extract
"Of
and
who
and
how
can
most
can
the
est
great-
he
is, and
make
known
universe
and
macrocosm
this
must
the
how
the
how
is, and
proceeds
one
know
not
who
is it except
what
the
does
tri-
liar,no
have
must
He
the
guished
distin-
and
no
alone
Who
noble
[i.e.,
fore,
There-
is
and
cosm].
micro-
not
boast
physician."^
ideals
His
other
he
man,
him
is man,
the
from
himself
made
God, how
nobler
much
"know
can
sician
phy-
be.""
he
must
man
the
hypocrite [Larven-
no
executioner;
no
and
arts
him.
preferred
no
as
of Christ,
loves
ordains
so
must
integrity.
all the
most
and
physician
God
by
God
commands
the
shall be
he
Apostles
among
mankind
in
less."^
that
note,
He
and
fler,but
is not
sight he
his
Ues,
not
physician
is then
the
as
and
truth
the
truth
truthful
as
take
mann],
created
The
I39
PHYSICIAN.
THE
physician'sintegritythat
and
as
has
in lies.
in God's
for
OF
estabUshed
and
not
steadfast
ETHICS
AND
of service
needy
may
be
of the
illustrated
his
from
the
Preface
what
use
is it if I write
the poor
and
of how
to
"
Ibid., I,
Op.
by
toward
the
the
following
Hospital-Book.
much
their health
226.
physician
about
is to be
the
sick
secured
PARACELSUS.
140
and
do
happen
can
together
bound
will
ye
be
them?
help
from
links
from
would
the
poor,
the
Kingdom
the
goal
rich
lie in
and
"Do
let
not
of the
many
for
ordained
sick,neither
and
Despise
be
not
you
may
Similar
Chir.
Bucher,
help
Learn
diseases
is the
on
pital
hos-
art
not
Be
will
as
to
make
fail
in
but
that
what
trust
exhortations
etc., pp.
art,
help them;
it is
and
in
continue
the
truth
merciful
use
and
and
and
to
in
standing
underlie
may
of
judge
fruitfulness
unreason."'
expressions
311f, "Spitalbuch."
love.
skilled
failure
any
nothing
and
truth, despair
your
yourself
aim,
ciently
suffi-
elsewhere
not
but
gentle
because
faith,nor
nor
reasons
Forget
arrive, and
may
for
them
medicine,
charities
they
your
nature.
your
to
attain
not
that
discoui-aged,but
not
of
with
reach
discouraged
anything
nor
....
it, that
without
you.
all your
be
yourselves
described
not
some
benevolence,
so
would
one
nor
to
given
was
your
take
short
to
try
shut
to
so,
you
that
poor,
link
God.
of
with
chain
the
broken
short,
too
and
Heaven
of
be
path
your
Unk,
should
it too
to
your
you
and
poor
if you
as
make
and
which
for
then, both
earth
Just
chain
the
from
free
yourselves
make
do
then,
Why,
aside.
cast
binds
rich,
ye
chain
may
which
break
if you
are
Uttle
Learn,
poor.
For
the
break
only
not
the
and
Both
as
chain
the
as
chains.
these
recognize
chain, and
break
rich
the
together
with
good
no
rich.
the
without
poor
as
suffer
chain
any
ye
the
to
For
rich?
the
admonish
also
not
of
his
MISSION
Strong
convictions
are
his
ethics
his
AND
writings.
and
reform
ETHICS
upon
scattered
campaign.
mission
the
numerously
was
one
PHYSICIAN.
of
purification
of
the
I4I
the
through
the
Evidently
practice
THE
OF
dorriinant
true
sician
phy-
nearly
of
all
medical
aims
of
THEOLOGICAL
AS
PARACELSUS
WRITER.
the
of
much
and
that
that
been
has
him.
this
that
makes
recotded
mention
of
Conrad
to
the
Paracelsus
Abbot
works
of
for
some
Raymund
1901, p. S3.
of
he
exists
Huser
of
at
and
on
what
not
not
to
record
have
his
titles of
Theophrastus
death
scripts
manu-
also
So
(1545)
dedicated
ical
theolog-
lished.
pub-
receipt signed
1594,
10,
manuscripts
The
sonal
per-
been
October
theological subjects.
differen
in-
works
his
after
composed
autograph
Netzhammer,
written
Universalis
Neuburg,
twenty-five
had
of
ferred
in-
from
known
himself.
by
believe
be
theological
there
collection
.celsus upon
that
which
Moreover
by Johannes
collection
be
not
was
Salzburg
at
tenor
might
inventory
in his Bibliotheca
Gesner
of
says
the
written
presumably
it
Paracelsus
Even
cjiaracter.
effects
indeed
the
could
theology
And
early records
very
of
Paracelsus
of
it
cited
already
of
taken
From
theology.
on
matters
to
of
writer
been
has
activity
considerable
very
thinker
as
little notice
recently
UNTIL
by
Para-
collection
works.
Paracelsus,
Other
cludes
inlists
Einsiedeln,
PARACELSUS
of
his
the
latter
half
few
Preface
editor
the
where
nearly
Of
through
and
early
of
1564
titles included
not
place
in the
has
these
search
brought
copies dating
bearing
autograph
by Huser,
scripts
manu-
in other
or
to
Leyden,
at
of them
many
list of
early
for
Sudhoff's
of
and
known
now
the libraries
some
1567,
to
is
one
Europe
copies in
receipted
as
his
In
scripts
theological manu-
though
of
elsewhere,
as
volume
knows
he
of these
manuscripts
light collections
Gorlitz
that
In
century.
theological essays.
asserts
libraries
the
dating
Staricius, issued
autograph,
as
existence
sixteenth
the
cart-load
all these
exist
in
are
I43
found.''
be
may
as
of
of these
WRITER.
THEOLOGICAL
publisher, Johann
containing a
to
theological writings
from
1618
AS
earlv
lists.'
The
manuscripts
library
be
That
the
Neuburg
at
used
in
they
the
the
part printed
of
of the
or
his
and
of
not
Roman
Catholic, and
by
2
Cf.
For
these
contents
abstracted
the
they
Huser
his
have
to
works.
been
in the
in
and
the
second
spoken
out-
their
cisms
criti-
observances
a
works
under
in
very
himself
was
undertaken
intended
are
heretical
publication of
was
Roman
celsus
of Parathe
patron-
op. cit.,
p. 127.
Netzhammer,
manuscripts,
Sudhofif
as
institutions
the
Church.
Huser
statements
by
For
the
easily explained by
such
frankly
of
is
from
of
of
Versuch.
indeed
many
collection
used
so
Huser
by
manifestly
were
published
were
of
tenor
volume
borrowed
as
to
the
cf. Sudhoff,
evidence
of
Versuch,
authenticity of
many
of
44
PARACELSUS.
and
age
the
with
Salzburg
and
as
of the
doctrines
circulation
the
the
or
leave
to
It is certain
Luther,
critical
spiritof
to
independent
of
the
be
for
the
revolt
kept
hands
to
of
congenial
posterity.
of
his
contemporary
Zwingli
exercised
well
as
as
the
great influence
natural
ment
tempera-
thinking and
was
time
Protestant
of
chiavelli
the
to
piety
nor
Church,
of
that
warrior's
that
criticism
about
the
Church
the
most
experiment
strength
In
the
Italy Ma-
freely
"Should
and
before
even
thus
1500
cism
criti-
severe
its observances
Reformation.
Switzerland,
countries,
also
quite prevalent
writing
corruption
Curia
in mind
orthodox
corruption
of
them
free
quite probable
effort
no
little
authority.
It should
the
in the
and
Even
had
It is
predisposed by
"
upon
publication, preferring
them
Erasmus
brought
have
made
his countryman
Paracelsus
upon
of
and
that
wide
any
Church.
view.
their
avoided
place
to
the
and
support
have
would
himself
rather
merely
of
point
Paracelsus
but
thinkers
his
essential
that
evident
party
at
radical
so
the
such
would
buried
to
publication could
their
that
writings
clerical
with
of
many
disciplineof
Lutheran
them
were
it is
Indeed,
severest
that
his views
possible under
of his
sympathy
was
of
Church,
been
have
supervision.
him
critical
severely
so
hardly
Catholic, yet
and
died
Co
allegiance
claimed
and
Church
Catholic
the
of
Archbishop
the
Paracelsus
Though
logne.
of
support
criticizes
send
we
the
religiousand
martial
would
that
could
prove
resist
the
no
papal
PARACELSUS
AS
corruption
Rome
and
have
least
peoples
The
intrigue.
I45
WRITER.
THEOLOGICAL
We
religion
nearest
Italians
have
to
....
thank
the
Church
and
irreligiousand
So
also
writing in
"Go
and
of the
busy
themselves
with
Go
you
how
hands
guide
souls
With
their
the
so
desires
"
all beasts
because
and
evil
there
also
same
accord.""
Whatever
unorthodox
W.
they
give
may
be
and
find
free
they
rein
theology
all
to
and
of
der
ury,
lux-
courts
of
the
are
earth,
These
stream
and
citement
in-
their
boundless
what
is
who
join
been
have
Paracelsus
fur Geschichte
des
and
worse,
....
may
stead
in-
rola,
Savona-
opportunity
churchmen
seen
about
is contained
monsters
there
they
teach
not
and
palaces
criminals.
passions
Paulsen, GescKichte
sic, 1896-97, I, pp. lOf.
Cf.
and
stimulus
Dilthey, Archiv
Petrarch
prelates, said
"their
princes
knew
Cicero.
ambition," shamelessness
to
The
they
and
in which
one
oric.
rhet-
themselves
do
Why
life."
in
of
refuge
thither
the
the
asylums
'
Horace
trouble
not
books, that
many
sunk
and
do
and
if
as
in the
humanistic
with
it will appear
lords, they
poetry
of souls.
and
law
are
but
by Virgil,
and
ears
salvation
of
the
the great
nothing
of Paracelsus
feed
the
see,
monk,
all Christendom
in their
to
of the birth
throughout
houses
and
come
be-
have
we
great Dominican
the
the year
1493,
priests that
corrupt."*
Savonarola,
to Rome
books
the
by
given
the
2d
to
the
Protes-
Philosophie, IV,
gelehrten Unterrichts,
in the
pp.
636f.
ed., Leip-
146
PARACELSUS.
evidenced
by
many
to
the
refers
he
false
prophets,
him
those
Thus
fool
praises
the
Pope
the
his
Luther
above
four
is with
them
grafted
and
bears
opposes
them
die.
How
caused
to
pairs
"They
acceptable
not
they
"
'
'
Here
in
the
for
it
"
"
Ghost,
doubtless
Sudhoff,
they
that
all
they
denoting
Versuch,
boast
are
any
etc., 11, p.
411.
on
depends
all
deem
one
cloth.
has
been
It
twice
ever
Who-
pears.
truth,
he
must
and
years.'"
but
their
founded
heretic.
prayer
nothing,
means
that
great
depends
they strangled
recent
temples
God,
to
the
have
on
one
yellow
speaks
depends
heretics, and
Zwinglians
Holy
and
true
denounce
and
that
man,
Every
who
and
with
They
from
tree
in
he
reed.
heathens
and
strangled
pray
who
other,
thousands
many
he
the
white
him
who
He
ground,
hold
deceived.
are
with
as
be
as
also
righteous
hold
breeches
of
Arian"
who
on
Antichrists,
as
but
are
hollow
on
each
another
him
those
-sand,
the
depends
themselves
consider
the
motley.
on
Zwingli depends
upon
day
with
him
people
own
rests
Pope
Luther
with
stand
prophet.
man,
consider
likewise
who
the
stand
who
righteous
Zwingli
with
stand
is
etc.
who
"Those
This
his
of
leaders
Protestant
Lu4heran
writings wherein
in his
passages
less
no
Catholic.
the
toward
interpretation than
was
the
toward
unsympathetic
and
critical
he
that
it is evident
Reformation,
tant
is
and
Anabaptists,
they
are
on
the
of
the
Gospel.
PARACEXSUS
Therefore
AS
they
me,
I declare
His
word
brings
you
among
Pharisees
his
the
of
from
be
abomination
an
the
judged
doctrines
the
the
"
by clergy
of his
and
the
no
Devil, opposed
?
reasons
lica and
The
is the
coming
Christ
the
wishes
is called
Holy
iides
Ecclesia
is
of
dance
in the
of
the
the
merit.
The
Schubert
from
the
and
is
an
"
and
love
from
no
displays."
invention
in the churches
churches
the
"does
the
ing
givonly
comes
the
of
neighbor
Pilgrimages, dispensations,
saints"
monastic
no
it
devils")
blessedness," and
Catholic
neighbor.
to
of alms
eternal
credulity and
"running
'
in
alms
for
nor
giving
toward
serve
churches"
are
in
heart
Fasting
The
These
prayers
the Devil.
their
structure."
walled
devilish
"walled
Catho-
catholica, and
contrite
and
service
in Latin
public
("a
all
"
Holy Trinity.
Spirit.
is in the
humble
and
believers, and
all true
condemns
he
and
church
excepted
will
to
all the
of
none
"
church-festivals
churches,
"God
laity
is in the
But
Continuing,
observances
Church
faith, that
location.
no
from
Church
and
fruits, the
spiritof
together
all in the
not
of
extent
own
daily churchgoing
and
with
work
of the
has
what
who
he
am
following:
vain
The
me,
and
this is."*
genuflection, bowing
See
Gospel.'
"It is vain
rules
follow
is with
is Christ
God, here
"
specificallymay
departure
in the
word
I47
WRITER.
am
I tell it you
as
More
'I
cry
the
THEOLOGICAL
are
all in vain
and
have
Sudhoflf, Paracelsusforschungen,
II,
p.
153.
no
of
148
PARACELSUS.
and
knighthood
"Who
the
is blessed
water
fish,to
Devil
his
earth, blessed
It is God's
earth.
earth,
the
water
God
by
breed
quench thirst,to
to
the
banish
sprinkle to
to
not
fruit ;
forth
bring
to
the
bless
and
consecrate
to
presume
can
Devil.
the
is from
sword
the
by
faith
the
Spreading
honor.
Devil
of the
inventions
are
in his
maintained
and
Hke
the
holy water.""
as
Similar
points
printed
works
view
of
found
are
tail
less of de-
with
though naturally
in
expressed
in his criticism.
Thus
the
God
from
heart,
and
God.
But
of his
hands
and
does
surrenders
depends
way
other,
that
of
despair
in
but
but
and
our
that
we
might,
neighbor.
our
toward
"
"De
Versuch,
1"
then
that,
septem
he
falls
For
if
it is
should
should
love
soul, and
If that
which
all ceremonies
it in
no
with
that
has
will be
punctis Idolatriae
again
and
is the
and
sees
it for
he
it
seeks
we
to
not
he
anything,
us
God
given
anything
he
gives
has
ceremony
employ
he
out
ceremonies
into
have
given
has
and
God
hearts
our
For
what
and
his
up
this power
every
we
take
to
gives
another
For
we
work.
our
keep
is with
man
every
have
only
will
power
man
not
it to
If he
that
wish
....
God
ceremonies.
not
if
despair.
upon
from
full
has
with
from
For
....
affairs
him, but
"God
ceremonies
not
neighbor
Paramirum
the
ceive
re-
the
does
ceremonies
other
all
our
should
given
us
pose
purheart
help
helps
forgotten."^"
Christianae," quoted
by
Sudhoff,
338ff.
de
origine morborum
invisibilium.''
PARACELSUS
That
be
AS
expressions
such
harmonized
which
The
he
order,
thus
with
claimed
Rev.
"Far
in the domain
medicine, does
Doctor
Sacred
authority,but
no
philosophizing
this
principle
informed
he
did
fathers:
and
He
devotions.
should
but
the
on
possessed
mystical
as
with
of
its
the
"
very
of
however,
high, though
of
many
of
Op. cit.,pp.
128f.
lishment
estabits
keys,
public
arnong
and
faith
the
the
from
apostles
ciple
prin-
its practical
hierarchical
its
from
well-
this
from
power
every
every
only by
the
prayers
tians,
Chris-
tures,
Scrip-
preachers
not
that
be
doctrines
to
denied,
Theophrastus
unfortunately
and
too
ments,
sacra-
inextinguishable symbols,
communion.
with
departed
himself
emphasized
instance
That
doctrine
themselves
must,
concept
for
he
ceremonies,
the
contrary
a
the
teach
.It
heathen.
for him.
the
and
thinking
rejected preaching
banished
and
the
separate
its
recognize
to
own
not
in
even
calls himself
through
more
Church,
orders,
who
But
combated
he
of the
monastic
Catholic
still
such, but
development
his
Church,
knows.
person
as
of his
of
than
investigation,denying
that of the
foundations
Paracelsus,
sometimes
consider
free
obvious.
point :"
theology
authoritative
of
of
Scripture, seem
to
as
authority, even
the
of
Paracelsus, who
of
to
of the Benedictine
this
upon
to
Church
appear
biographers
recent
not
are
of the
Netzhammer
himself
more
above
allegiancewould
of the
expresses
the
as
I49
WRITER.
doctrines
the
Raymund
one
THEOLOGICAL
Baptism
and
and
notably
communion
also
are
PARACELSUS.
150
him
for
the
lead
which
roads
principal
two
to
Heaven."
question
The
differently by
viewed
hold
him
religion, because
in
inclined
to
unjust, for,
that
he
and
not
the
it, as
bear
his
Catholicism.
"Some
suspicion
and
of
City
died
he
Christian,
and
Catholic
in
in
and
of
his
in
position
op-
known
obedience
to
Salzburg
the
can
1541,
year
honorably
was
is
Catholic
holy
remained
but
where
it is well
the
are
this
opinion
my
from
separate
speaks
he
faith,
his
Archbishopric
witness,
in
abuses:
account
on
places
various
Church,
Roman
His
concerns
as
did
biographers.
in
certain
to
editor
his
defends
mildly
Huser
been
has
orthodoxy
his
to
as
terred."
in-
{Op. fol.,Preface.)'
Schubert
their
studies
thus
"If
.
into
the
consider
of
the
before
years
the
Sudhoff
in
1531
the
character
far
so
attitude
we
may
he
felt
of
results
of
of
sus
Paracel-
also
sympathy
domain
of medicine
find
religious
that
with
in
those
ancient
his
natural
in the
toward
Zwingli, perhaps
and
with
and
the
inclination
some
presumed
of faith
greater
toward
perhaps
Luther
he
as
in matters
broken
life and
his
time,
Reformation
only
summarize
:
we
parties
and
who
had
authorities, a
reform
ideas
science
in
Later
the
"
....
after
the
sparing
the
combated
of
year
worship
531"
Protestants.
the
and
Roman
other
there
On
is
the
further
no
talk
contrary, 'if he
hierarchy, the
ceremonies,
he
external
of
also
forms
PARACELSUS
AS
THEOLOGICAL
'sects,'almost
as
even
violently."^^
more
Though
from
manuscript
and
Evidence
were
the
collection
in
large part
pressions,
ex-
evidently brought
upon
him
the
pleasure
dis-
in
it forms
his
or
his
volume
the
most
the
on
and
to
and
below
the
published
is
point
of
nently
emi-
so
view
of
illustrates
well
so
among
manuscripts
Paracelsus's
of
time
manuscript
translated
extract
authorities.
Catholic
Sudhoff
by
matters
of
one
of
appear's in
characteristic
the
either
less known,
or
is
as
oral
The
at
far
free
this
theological
life,so
his
copies,
examined
Paracelsus.
celsus
of Para-
from
to
as
relation
more
disapproval
and
in
his
published during
known,
theological papers
of the
none
were
orthodox
his
that
theology,
of
interesting expressions
spiritual experience.
"Your
me
of
sometimes
times
several
spoken against
festivals,vain
luxurious
and
of
taverns,
and
preacher
12
the
for
Schubert
"
accused
truth
Why
and
"
do
Sudhoff,
are
and
you
of
me
op.
held
that
do
that
inns
churchgoing,
fasting,giving
and
this has
the taverns
upon
taverns,
priestlyrules
all other
this, because
account
places
and
have
attacks
confession, partaking
....
sacrament,
in
useless
praying
alms, ofiferings,tithes,
of the
sharp
truth-speaking, namely,
my
and
roadhouses
and
and
daily disputations
account
on
have
of
I51
WRITER.
this to
cit..11,
pp.
be
call
you
servance
ob-
drunkenness
taken
to
and
me
lS2f.
on
place
in
the
inappropriate
me
at
corner-
this
time,
PARACELSUS.
152
when
to
follow
I would
then
false
giving
to
usurped
Devil's
the
through
that
which
power
just
I have
You
where
not
shottld
Know
their
come
but
will
forth
never
came
will send
end
teaching
a
and
lie will
send
be
amongst
born
is not
Netherlands
language,
their
not
to
he
mine,
to
will
those
for
other,
an-
Christ
never
is her
patron
is not
it is from
my
Christ.
if I cannot
messenger
and
ogy.
-of theol-
Christ
that
come
those
eyes,
I, it will be
not
is His
of Vienna
countrymen,
them
this
them.
overcome
I do
ants
peas-
my
witnessing
my
yet Rome
me
doctors
the
masters
to
If it be
and
with
under
but
Cologne, yet
to
if in the
r"or the
and
Rome,
to
the
teaching
the
of
say
reason
persons
answer
my
equals.
own
my
come
came
;md
then
of
Ingolstadt, Cologne,
tradesmen,
not
peasants,
real
have
are
exercised
you
amongst
go
Paris, Vienna,
Louvain,
at
I should
say
....
Also
to
selves
your-
you,
long
....
enough
sense
you,
who
from
away
have
you
power
with
no
again speak
never
taking
of
and
deceivers
and
I would
but
you,
spoken
believer
was
you^
people, 'Guard
same
prophets
Devil.'
the
by
these
to
say
is
the inns
into
came
to
in Christ
believer
if I
And
against
sent
am
inns
the
? If that
you
truth
the
and
you
service
of
was
that
in
there
now
in you.
longer
and
now
you
For
but
you,
speak against
inns
the
give offerings to
to
to
not
please
inns.
in the
in
in
let it
then
and
you
proper
was
people
I advised
taverns
in the
when
pleased
well
and
silent
were
you
and
through
and
the
them
saint,
fault.
He
speak
Ingolstadt
truth
will
willcome
PAkACELSUS
lightand
to
the
count
I believe
them
by
as
For
Christ
Nor
does
is
punish
as
does
not
punish
if I had
and
Christ
be
it must
alone,
and
be
the
make
offerings and
if my
Consider;
would
follow
and
me
Spirit
not
I have
said
which
them
is from
that
and
has
been
Cain
from
The
day.
condemns
Old
Gospel
from
old,
Testament
fully good
it
1'
"De
Versuch,
Ghost.
the
from
and
your
the
from
to
is
never
all.
at
follow
Holy
recognize
old,
the
old
the
you
true, Christ
I have
The
all your
not
"
bishops.
new
Were
new.
would
Gospel
of Christ
and
false.
take
For
ancient
more
hypocrites
the
which
have
the
what
time
the
is true,
not
not
It is the
trickery
old
they
that
them
great falsehoods.
Holy
But
and
the
teaches
the
[Gospel]
new
than
It
abroad.
they
as
anything myself"
....
till this
other
time.
any
Devil, they
the
But
trickery and
invented
not
np
presence.
or
you
me.
me.
heard
be
that
that
from
were
not
believe
you
is in
and
you
not
spread
so
little for
care
speech
character,
your
contumacious,
peasants
you
forward.
go
be opened to it.
Everything must
"You
and
complain much
loudly
made
which
lost at
hidden, it must
Paris
at
in their
spoken
he let it lie
one
Christ, who
upon
"
dead
am
my
well
it is of
Louvain
at
were
but
that
for
not
for
when
53
WRITER.
And
me.
would
would
they
"
if I
they
me
THEOLOGICAL
live on,
And
it is not
Yet
will
not.
through
not
doctrine
dieth
AS
the
tions
decephave
newed
re-
again.""
punctis Idolatriae
septem
etc., II, pp. 333ff.
Christianae," quoted
by Sudhoff,
PARACELSUS.
154
of
doctrines
The
his
throughout
of
the
of
Christ.
authority
to
interpret to
of his
with
impressed
and
helpfulness
sick
are
the
is
for
toward
his
neighbor,
the
man
the
themes
of
in
internal
and
in
written
Copenhagen,
For
that
evidence
was
deeply
Christ
of
in
the
experiences
is
the
Sudhofif
Latin
has
later
produced
re-
years,
facts
the
The
sible
pos-
script
manu-
between
later
the
the
strongest
made
date
British
so
of
1590
also
exist
Museum,
version.
the
ical
autobiograph-
an
known
copy
and
and
poor
genuineness.
a
Love
introspective,and
of somewhat
Salzburg
fellow.
in his
it bears
of
and
Copies
latter
with
accord
Leyden
1610.
the
he
rectness
cor-
appeals.
containing
retrospective and
Paracelsus,
is at
his
which
manuscripts
sermon
so
completely
life of
to
teachings
fragment, manifestly
is
the
as
spiritof
frequently
Among
which
their
him
That
the
for
asked
rendering.
of
service
the
to
the
He
tion
itself,particularly in its practical rela-
shows
often
own
own
doubts
no
pretation
inter-
literal
teachings
entertained
and
meaning,
ment
state-
extracts
numerous
his
to
cepted
ac-
strong
be
works
intermediate
no
from
consistently
but
above
the
from
only
not
appear
Paracelsus
which
theology
Paracelsus,
it is too
mental
important
to
be
omitted.
"As
life of
attempt
I have
Christian
to
Therefore
.
undertaken
faith, it has
portray
I have
that
write
to
not
without
undertaken
of
seemed
this
to
the
blessed
proper
to
introduction.
write
this
pref-
PARACELSUS
ace
AS
the .blessed
to
I may
excuse
I have
Why
time,
should
not
await
the
all progress.
have
that
prevented
and
is
that
to
the
in
that
so
Sacred
lesser
have
only
much
in
have
from
great
poverty
to
me
has
been
has
For
that
men
built
lain
to
one
so
kinds
but
for
and
me
that
rather
hold
have
to
but
are
two
not
of
there
finished
people
for
shield
have
little
work
for
cuted
perse-
and
me
For
sition
oppo-
alone, and
and
hindered
had
not
desires.
my
back
but
grew
private, much
contempt.
chattering
and
have
shoulders
my
end
and
resources
nearly
and
well
But
me.
raised
my
be
delay arisen,
was
had
on
strange
accused
me,
is not
no
very
and
among
afifairs,
public
in my
the
according
when
These
influenced
that
so
act
even
which
me.
this
the
to
first.
has
harvest
might
they
of
Light
later
postponed
causes
more
"And
there
been
cine
medi-
described,
the
for
that
strongly
these
from
permitted
arose
leave
to
my
profession
be
to
we
only
my
concerns
things completed
that
reasons
I had
Writings;
ripened, they
the
which
which
astronomy,
had
philosophy
that
say,
that
but
time,
not
of
matters
namely
me,
works
Nature,
up
other
its proper
its
reason,
not
is this that
toward
hour
another
has
delayed
before
appear
determined
For
but
youth,
should
as
[1520].
year
before
forwar"i
come
book,
of these
One
reasons.
nothing
as
and
long postponed
so
this
writing
55
that
experience
it in the twentieth
upon
should
in
WRITER.
Christian
delay
without
happened
youth
life of
my
began working
THEOLOGICAL
credited
dis-
reputation
my
tongue
and
for the
156
PARACELSUS.
is the
That
truth.
philosophy
medicine,
display
and
pomp
rich
the
meiner
likewise,
world
the
it has
as
not
to
"Nor
in
it is held
as
courtly
is
and
still is to
is the
that
writing
from
because
blood
and
in the
new
make
philosophy]
but
am
faction
a
least
delay
"
say,
pertain
"
me
considered
redeemed
God,
seemed
it
For
severely.
me
food
His
by
and
sufficient
against
'Thou
to
us
to
"
shouldst
us
hardly
as
drink
to
the
to
listen
alone
dared
!'
to
not
Sacred
what
we
to
another
me
layman,
shouldst
man,
anything except
a
has
describe
hindered
been
received
arisen
common
and
of
it have
has
listen
that,
has
troubled
other
hardly
not
The
to
me
Christian.
who
as
have
been
has
day.
which
creature
there
shouldst
has
true
things
that
birth, that
me
as
men's
trades-
by
That
can
cause
that
through
"But
to
"
Christian
true
and
greatest
all diseases,
over
natural
this
itself,
for
except
power
the
that
great
so
mented
tor-
to.be gained
[reason]
greatly
is not
manners.
has
have
[der PUug
contempt,
and
me
that, and
and
bread
little value
it has
as
wealth
cross
my
by philosophy [i.e.,
nor
of
princes
for
has
also
So
their
Also
like
nothing
in
medicine
by
speeches
For
Nahrung]
by astronomy,
nor
fine
winning
the
me
astronomy.
forsaken.
been
therefore
and
been
I have
"
and
counted
not
dialecticians
and
logicians
the
with
much
for
I have
that
reason
no
was
stir for
crowd
as
speak
of
ant,
peassuch
Scriptures,
tell you
others
thus
they
and
hold
nor
read
forced
were
but
into
power-
AS
PARACELSUS
ful in this
THEOLOGICAL
world, I had
lie under
the
Christendom
and
of the
against
for
manifest
and
truth
than
the
that
the
in
abuse
would
the
not
of the
truth
finished
there
world
the
broke
it
as
division
the
is
now
and
took
autumn
and
harvest.
to
make
the
fruits
the
beginning.
of the
the
Christians
relation
so
to
of Christians
with
write
I had
then
much
hope,
of this
close with
the
one
good
these
with
been
in
work
life and
unblessed
to
books,
from
me
the
lation
re-
likewise
life.
.
Those
"
thev
in the
own
unblessed
the
world,
life
are
great,
it is theirs
So
it till another
seemed
blessed
to
to
kingdom
now
has
the
they
abides,
began
When
the
included
to
when
Reformation?].
has
which
seed
postponed
"
It
I have
"Therefore
of
pause
end, and
an
the
[i.e.,
delayed
me
then
of
in
man,
life most
concluded
and
writing
I then
scornfully), the
life in Christ.
of the
out
others,
I let
accepted
common
Christian
blessed
Christ
As
most
opponents
all in those
at
and
they employ
name
the
unright
rather
corner-stone.
the
necessary
than
contradiction
in
and
difference
the
perceived
putation
dis-
accept rather
darkness,
layman,
their
perfection of
and
the
and
miller
righteousness
without
(which
peasant
I should
Christian
the
like
other), it became
that
opposition go
found
must
the corner-stone
preaching
(it was
each
When
myself
the
light than
rather
Satan.
for
who
one
as
I read
heard
lies,rather
eousness,
than
when
others
coal-heaver
me
it
stairs.
"But, nevertheless,
of
endure
to
57
WRITER.
"
are
they
arrogant
are
the
158
PARACELSUS.
of
children
have
they
the
are
together,
the
riches
those
in
and
storm
earth.
have
held
of
whom
been
this
for
"
the
Sudhoff,
have
the
have
have
in
kept
I
not
brought
have
troubled
they
are
with
ashamed
and
This
despised.
has
work.""
Versuch,
etc.,
11,
it
pp.
406-408.
the
been
that
the
to
me
this
but
them,
people
common
myself
my
lain
till
forward
have
has
strike
about
myself
companionship
what
not
though
al-
greatly
closed,
should
are
And
have
me
mouth
my
life
Those
world.
suspected
not
blessed
the
third.
this
dom
king-
Eternal,
the
of
of
opposed
thunderbolt
Thereby
and
day
pen;
Christ
have
they
but
two
their
have
they
where
have
they
who
me,
my
is
there
that
hindered
blessed
the
"
world
this
of
not
Eternal
the
with
and
but
"
is
which
But
world.
the
world
the
not
of
Hght
fore
there-
preparation
THE
LATER
YEARS
OF
STRENUOUS
LABOR.
PARACELSUS
WHEN
his
his
flight from
that
Basel
henceforth
"I
his
and
heretic
'"^
He
he
than
public
of the
the
"Nevertheless,
this
overthrow
to
old
and
and
obstinate
however,
matter
that,
different
very
as
Op.
shall
structure
to
not
who
hope,
not
e.,
in
of
will
medical
theory
to
wider
and
time
my
fables, for
learn
to
be
able
they
are
nothing
their
new
folly. That,
much,
but
men
will
young
Preface.
of
students.
'schlupfen']
versities,
uni-
realization
appeals
[werden
character
the
misleader
physicians
very
the
the
of
upon
recognize
matter
schlieffcn, i.
Haut
""
does
of
or
ties.
facul-
university
for
medical
of
dogs
ashamed
are
that
scholastic
sympathy
member
reform
depend
generation
younger
the
profession,
the
must
or
by
realized
evidently
little
rejected
for
he
expect
recognized
ambitions
practice
1528,
profession
teacher
university
could
called
arn
a
scholars.
the
as
in
he
from
support
of
career
nated
termi-
summarily
so
in
eine
when
it does
be
of
andere
the
old
l6o
PARACELSUS.
passed
have
ones
and
their superstitions
forsake
will
[of medicine]
foundation
the
thus
will
and
away,
progress.""
make
On
he
Basel
leaving
subsequent life,comprising
His
with
devoted
was
thirteen
some
persistency
and
energy
years,
to
when
writing
and
treatises
upon
and
theology
great
thirty-fifth
year.
in his
was
nous
volumi-
his
subjects comprising
other
works.
This
work
and
the
by
the
of
residence,
The
opponents,
led
he
seek
to
a
in
detail
dates
of his various
and
occasional
Such
and
data
have
been
and
record
thus
sifted
period
It is not
the
Chir.
'
Cf. Hartmann,
Bucher,
may
purpose
It appears,
etc., Preface
op. cit. The
be
of his
found
in
however,
(firstprinted
detailed
Stoddart's
in
records.
local
with
R.
J. Hart-
been
to
rect
cor-
structed.^
recon-
follow
that
or
ten
writ-
were
probably
life has
here
his
in
local
notably by
and
pieced
prefaces
compared
connected
very
and
life.
notes
letters
or
and
records
of this
story in detail.
embellishment
books
as
own
labor
been
has
contemporary
contemporaneous
mann,
of
places where
and
his
by
wandering
wanderings
dedications
from
and
well
as
frequent changes
autobiographical
from
from
works,
bread,
scenes
new
lonely
story of these
to
stacles
ob-
many
by poverty
doubtless
often
impelled
restlessness
experience,
out
his
hostilityof
native
his
of
spite
Driven
opposition.
much
and
in
pursued
was
no
this
year
1536).
THE
for
passed
of
LATER
YEARS
Paracelsus
residence, and
After
whence
Neckar,
with
letters
which
him.
after
these
permission
had
been
had
of protests
of
is
Leipsic
of the
writings
author
him
of the
and
city
claims
March
be
is
There
granted
1530,
ulty
facThere
collection
in his
He
stands
for
before
thus
nying
de-
truth,
the
to
his
prove
tions
publicadate
bears
letter
Beratzhausen.
at
that
this
the protest
be made
This
the
against
justiceof
is dated
his
appeal
was
consideration.
Interesting evidence
in
the
evidence, however,
no
cause
be-
disputation
and
and
censors
revoked.
authorities
prohibited.
It appears
medical
the
was
should
opponents
deavoring
en-
printing, when
Huser
challenges
in open
i,
works.
public
from
permission
provoked
Nuremberg
his
for
the
on
experiences
some
privilege of publication on
his
should
of
the
university faculty.
says,
their
the
passed
printed by
it he
In
of
the
his friend
to
"
at
certain
emanating
to
in Colmar
time
physicians who
of Paracelsus,
appeals
decision.
he
and
preserved
his home.
Esslingen
at
left after
granted
the
called
for
find him
we
changes
more
or
be
was
later
local
publish
to
that
the
one
could
l6l
LABOR.
still extant
"
he
place
Shortly
he
Basel;
at
patient and
place
no
wrote
Amerbach
B.
without
leaving Basel,
he
STRENUOUS
OF
1529
contemporary
Chronica,
and
of
as
the
to
impression
writer, is found
Zeytbuch
his presence
und
in
he
in Nuremberg
made
upon
in the
passage
Geschichtsbibel
of
tian
Sebas-
Franck:
"Dr.
Theophrastus
von
Hohenheym,
physician
62
"
PARACELSUS.
alte;r(v$
yiovL
srr
"
qyi
/^AVEUEQU ^THEOPEHIR/VSTI
PARACELSUS
This
THREE
portrait and
tlie
following
1503-1569), engraved
underneath
Heiligen
Schrift
YEARS
und
one
are
sketches
reads
/vfi^MOHEM.'^
HIS
DEATH.
probably by A. Hirschvogel
from
"Theophrastus
Arzneien
poirsTf
esse
BEFORE
after
beider
svvs
life.
von
Doctor."
The
signature
Hohenheim,
(c.
produced
re-
der
LATER
THE
and
to
who
man,
of
OF
In
the year
astronomer.
came
medicine.
Nuremberg
ridicules
IN
in
public
opposition to
in the
to
have
LAST
men
and
in
the Doctor
tioned
men-
writers
and
burned
63
ful
wonder-
and
all doctors
HIS
theory,
LABOR.
strange
University;
all medical
diagnosis,medical
1529
a
"
nearly
is said
He
PARACELSUS
cenna
STRENUOUS
YEARS
the
Avi-
YEAR.
is
his
quite
alone
in
prescriptions,
maintains
many
dif-
164
PARACELSUS.
ferences
with
tnit vilen
helt]."
allusion
The
This
a
much
publications was
of
class
later
these
active
of
his
occasional
letter
he
"
the
From
the
written
in
Gallen,
"
date
this
of
the
on
1529
bed
for
than
a
in
Internal
Latin
writing
evidence
1530.*
or
spent
about
a
1534-35
citizen
time,
some
of
we
St.
learn
throws
some
In
labor
diary. of
is most
"
undressing
spurred,
at
his
from
correspondent
by Joh. Riitiner,
"Theophrastus
without
unnamed
an
the
unsuccessful
printed.
works
years
from
but
work,
often
Paracelsus
where
tronomers
"as-
were
only
not
pleasures.
leaves
Latin
know
more
for
of
Paracelsus
his continuous
to
time
no
at
even
physicians and
authentic
to
refers
taking
Europe.
common
very
of
we
his
get
Paracelsus
himself
that
to
in
events
many
years
struggles,
of
locates
later
evidently
successful,
tications
prognos-
them.
authorship,
of
mass
and
period,
issued
That
other
politicaland
of
"astronomer"
an
as
publications of
his occasional
justifiedby
is
Paracelsus
to
[und
them
of
many
himself, booted
three
hours, and
and
lessly,
cease-
ceaselessly,writes."^
The
preface
dated
was
is
he
said
to
the
third
Gall
in
in
St.
by
Staricius
theological writings
*
See
Ibid., I,
Schubert
p.
63.
and
to
Sudhoff,
to
the
book
of the
1531.
It'was
have
Abbot
Paramirum
dedicated
of
here
that
-various
St. Gall.
Paracelsusforschungen,
II, p. S3.
THE
In
LATER
he
1534,
refused
of
clothing at
in the
sun
City
of
at
is the
Pf
But
apparently
mineral
his
of
Greater
Thence
obtain
to
made
to
Villach
to
feel the
his
where
while
In
the
by Erastus,
chest
of
books,
him,
with
In
1538,
he
1535
his
same
part of which
dictated
to
the
the
same
that
year.
again
failed
and
in
1534,
in
while
fession.
prohome
ently
appar-
Innsbruck
(1537),
had
was
medical
left in
he
often
boyhood's
died
year
treatise
works
of the
absent
was
in
he
certain
had
presented
good
work
in
it appears
Paracelsus
part he had
Tyrol,
cities editions
appeared
father
to
in
as
and
which
revisited
Paracelsus
vicinity.
resort,
of
publish
he
went
and
published
unfriendliness
1537
the
the
long,
Ulm
at
both
where
consent
In
that
in
in
that
is
Surgery
Vienna
to
honor
and
at
he
1536
Augsburg,
at
year
obtained
wrote
springs
In
reprinted.
he
he
in
Abbot
the
in
Paracelsus
Pestilence
for
in
broiling
princes, not
Meran
not
master
burgo-
doctors
Innsbruck
to
he
that
apparently
seen
remarks
From
us
of
of
Austrian
"The
city.
treatise, "The
tells
guest
the
rags,"
thence
affers,where
the
on
and
where
probably
courts
Stertzingen.'"
fortune.
he
the
his
to
he
where
he
has
in tattered
Stertzingen,
and
rags,
Innsbruck
Preface
in the
65
LABOR.
Innsbruck
privilegesof
silken
the
to
and
the
STRENUOUS
OF
came
in poverty
Tyrol,
was
YEARS
as
or
is
"a
Kromau
brought
corded
re-
there
there."
authorities
of
the
l66
PARACELSUS.
Physicians, Tartaric
Diseases
His
Enemies.
of
Slanders
the
and
of acceptance
served
his
brief
The
years
from
Later
relieved
rate
in
where
cases
failed
the
afford
to
On
reputation
of
the
disappointment
in his honor
of
the
the
Stadtrichter
Taken
by
Cf. Franz
as
even
in 1537
of
Blasius
whole,
sus.
Paracel-
for
these
Strunz, Theophrastus
Personlichkeit, Leipsic, 1903, p. 73.
at
or
any
cumstance
cirerally
gen-
were
in
quently
fre-
quite
physicians
as
his
he
fortunes
that
his
in these
Pressburg
tuated.
fluc-
popular
later
dinner
at
had
more
was
discouragements.
town
have
to
appear
attendant
it is evident
and
at
distinguished patients
treatment
instance, that
for
or
considerable
was
arriving
called
According
whole
brief
comfortable
more
was
regular
in his
less successful
or
before
physicians
he
relief.
have
to
for
comfortable
of
wealthy
treat
also
poverty
the
him,
to
Huser
589-1 590.
seem
1534
more
by periods
opposed
to
to
grinding
Though
letter
Salzburg.
at
were
years
years,
1531
of
period
later
residence
last
been
his
during
the
Paracelsus
of
resting-places
as
intervals
Gratz,
Munich,
Augsburg,
and
energetic
the
of
collection
his
in
published
and
acquired by
were
fulfilled,
not
was
cepted
ac-
should
they
promised
manuscripts
the
afterward
long
authorities
The
promise
the
published, though
be
Defense Against
and
and
courteously
these
the
of
Errors
Labyrinth of
The
of Carinthia,
Land
It
was
the
years
is
corded,
re-
given
house
Beham.'
later years
of Paracelsus
und
seine
THE
LATER
be
may
and
practice.
in
The
indeed
his
though
rather
conservative
measure
their
fears
and
of
the
of these
books
This
began
about
years.
The
the
to
1560
last
and
spite of
many
the
time
and
and
this
of
by
the
the
in
was
some
collection
works
his works
best
one
of his
hundred
works
at
met
known
consequent
of
in
appear
about
imperfections
were
popularity
to
1658, published
is the
That
influence
great
for
the
prevent
publication of
generally.
popularity and
of
efforts
potential influence.
extended
printed
circulation
to
party
of active
in
great
medical
successful
they finallybegan
of
The
the
was
barbers
Paracelsus,
shown
version
world
gery,
Sur-
art
an
by
esteem
extent
when
period
of
their
to
Latin
medical
the
for
Greater
as
surgery
largely
works
tribute
as
works
except
his
of
medical
entirely justifiedis
upon
the
scholarly training.
the
widest
under
his
largely practised by
determined
which
ceeded
suc-
all works
from
great
than
contempt
The
publication of
time,
the
was
less
of
others
in
not
was
popularity
at
and
doctors,
the
he
accomplishment,
obtained
he
life
own
considerable
print.
his
was,
eliminating
even
theory
which
work
limited
recognition
during
held
medical
to
authenticity.
The
very
of
to
possible to print,
as
manuscript
to
which
remarkable,
doubtful
of
volume
committing
circumstances
far
so
philosophy,
to
message
struggle
continuous
and
writing,
to
new
as
167
LABOR.
STRENUOUS
OF
summarized
commit
his
YEARS
Paracelsus
was
Geneva,
with
to
the
the
influence
is evi-
68
PARACELSUS.
and
hundred
and
the
fierce
and
remedies
to
Arabian
authorities,
that
is not
the
opposition
oath
and
remedies,
to
students
that
initiated
of
Paracelsus.
It
of
many
so
revolt
those
long
chapter
it to
this
discredited
way
the
berg
Heidel-
eliminate
the
of
use
Paris
of
and
and
the
was
opposition
medical
long
reports
say
and
of
to
oppose
the
the
made
legislation by
during
was
Greek-
this
University
of
by
party,
Suffice
University
members
so-called
faculties
to
gressive
pro-
utmost
remedies
student
the
Paracelsus.
upon
medical
The
the
and
that
dwell
science.
similar
cancel
of
candidates
pledging
struggle
of
celsus
Para-
the
of
followers
to
profession.
party.
were
of
influenced
the
chemical
compelled by
was
forced
dred
hun-
the
resisting to
the
place
the
gradually
such
three
conservative
dogmas
medical
of
history
conservative
among
the
of
less
or
the
and
of
innovations
against
the
of
between
use
more
traditional
the
holding
This
the
and
theories,
Paracelsan
the
record
works
contest
favoring
party
chemical
medical
the
of
circulation
initiated
of
of
ninety.
The
radical
about
reached
had
printed publications
year
the
collection, the
Latin
above-mentioned
the
tions
transla-
reprints,
1658,
By
works.
collected
and
two
before
appearing
as
editions,
comprise
than
less
no
recorded
fiftyare-
These
1600.
which
in
Sudhoff,
by
compiled
works
printed
his
of
bibliography
the
by
denced
gressive
pro-
bitter
rumors
reputation
LATER
THE
^cuLvx
OF
YEARS
i6q
LABOR.
STRENUOUS
^HiLIPPyS
-^jfifaj^^yCTiyftyf^gB:
"
"
"
^_
.^
DONVJM
UAWE
mm
VtmTheopknffe ^
J.hv9r
Bef
fmic
Ob frvi"i^a-SchnfflJiHiitref
juodSalisliurolmNofSco^
Epitaphmm,ehi3
"U^Jc uus^aai bii^ern^ia^jfr^iert.
maseim
ie/A'eriimi/trf/ShiM'n
gtschumdt
,
totlhtilirtitwifiiiejimi ebai\^tet"t"r,lapamsa^pmutSl^D
wartt erfim
menscJm
THE
HICPHaiPFVS
CONDITVR
Htm
kintm
dtr h"eh^eha-e
er^eheile
derMaUre/,
'WieHiererm
So Aeserm
MEWCW/E
INSIGNIS
OPHIASTVS
^ufittz,tmaZ^erim VerrucfiC,
SMt^e mire t"mchJmt wausherfre
we
ADF^BOLO^^^
PERTECTVMAPEO.IMPERFEC-rVMVERO
.^iif
hotfrvnimrtztnti
"W?
hjawlneha
qyi MRA
LEFRAMjFogDAORAMirarnQPISIH
uocTOBy
AXIACe^G
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COKPOKIS
IK?ANABILIA
z '"Bfr ^i/fiitltrBeifhr
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da emtglebni
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"
^"
C'Ti'^Ji-^t
fwJ-ffc.
fitic ilaSniehn"Uad!erlngdmvi"C[ag^ehm,ememiedettMrhfima'ih'chiay,thfrSavbancag
tr ht
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weiie
.
geiirm
ermciie ihrgehen,
"-"
em
aid^etttzv,iasvirit
ir/"r. iithiifi
pinthepMeevuii.die zatfem^"aiiJen/?ehee
BaJc.vwlmm kirn eat ziet hait, tmdjetdaiuM muf^
Men
"""
"or
^Mir hhr Irrt mid iiu ti tm fMs
"c"I".C~Huh.
-mnsi^
t^^vtr
vem
ry.
lehew wtr^Meiivtr
ieml"Ttafittienmrfiffniiamritm.
'^miMi.-fitt/R-ifaurMbim/Tlie^-tmdlieiMtr/Kiieim/eBer
tS
hb Jielf^e/evbmewtdm
Vrrm.
iarviA
lerUttw
mr
tdtrfhtin/Sfrit
Ju.XSre"
Sndrgnre/ijci
.^tam.
GILLII
"
PINAYTUCS"
eentny"vamffnon
^rmeutTtimrt^tjiatc
cai^iea eff^m
Cfii'P'race^iam
JP^"5tttMCe ttuon ^luCjuet c^ate^aimiam
HapatxiXiiv
"
(^emo
Cftitoiefvnw
Qrtt!ci:^ermivttty
"r"
AStr^^rriBrca-^e/lnacfh^re^e
gui hftjieji/St^rs
^^'L^emojiryhuts
.
XHvfxujfM^.iw atta.fifoi'iKtpl^nfew'
Siatr
'Arcera
e^^rtirjSrutttr/
rm*c-
temeCot^ha"^a,
%5ie^Twartt"r"7iuK
"es
'T)rjfB^ l7r^9Senammtre
.
.Alieriiav"jS^
ON
BROADSIDE
Before
1606.
Engraved
by
twe^e_yeres
"
PARACELSUS.
Balthasar
Hirschvogel.
Jenichen
after
originals by
PARACELSUS.
170
reactionary influences
of the
many
notions
his
reputation with
his
own
disregard
of
followers
for
the
physicians
Greek
and
supernatural
them
considering
beliefs
supernatural
often
endeavored
with
century
for
and
the
attempts
nature
he
which
belonged.
describing
of
to
any
deed
in-
neo-
That
he
hand,
nature,
the
relates
other
of natural
illustrated.
seen
may
sixteenth
say
his
then
these
works.
and
in the
have
acelsus,
Par-
complete system
naturally
by
also
visionaries
and
present
credited
were
He
than
popular
other
domain
inspiration in
systematize
to
the
in the
we
mystics
"
found
philosophy
the
people.
on
the
that
and
"
endeavoring
of
he,
already
it is true
centuries
nineteenth
sought
have
we
Nevertheless,
rather
to
effect
seventeenth
; that
mystical
fashionable
and
credit
full and
of
the
credited, within
others
and
cause
of
to
of the
very
record
of his time
true
"
cient
an-
critics
appear
writings,
were
and
philosophy
superstitiousis
was
he
they
as
his
encyclopedic
almost
Platonic
of
of
great
Later
originator
the
ideas
often
too
the
too
followers.
Paracelsus, however,
him
of
in
shared
was
his
vitality,and
new
achievements
enthusiastic
his
degree by
his
in
weight
the
through
received
doubtless
writings,
For
true.
contained
and
time
his
to
common
even
superstitious
and
theories
fantastic
more
is also
exerted
were
and
progressive
less
other
exerted,
ideas
his
which
influence
really progressive
the
with
That
includes
facts
accepted
the
people
just
accepted facts
as
and
to
if he
of nature.
of
which
were
The
LATER
THE
YEARS
following illustration
it reads
though
from
the
whether
have
"For
in
and
times
water
here
"
earth
He
here
"
He
For
other
no
the
is
fourth
Venus
herself
has
was
now
with
her
kingdom
perished
and
her
her
ceased
and
anything
heard
when
Tannhauser
is
fable
no
folk
who
are
love
Therefore
them
such
them,
to
him
him
and
who
we
the
under
the
pygmies.
misdeeds
third
and
that
the
has
since
hate
and
those
old
story.
they
those
binds
have
true
that
or
pledges
we
days
And
For
love
that
riches
away
when
there.
she
But
passed
were
all
hate
that
those
those
them.
himself
enough.
for
has
Venusberg
paradise.
or
them
others
the
For
but
that
in
less true
exist.
nature
the
kingdom
of
and
about
of
to
more
unto
and
to
compared
such
His
peopled by these,
nymph,
visits
it is not
Italy {sic'\was
in
and
children
And
generations.
Ventisberg
been
the
upon
nor
"
sylphs
and
God
in
neither
Him,
the
who
these
us
Moses
nymphs
the
and
indeed
is
of
all four
considered
warned
has
but
gods
jealous
fathers
it
And
means
Fire]
often
were
God
means
He
who
day
in
live
who
first tablet
the
on
have
nature
Almighty
commandment
of his
Earth,
gods.
as
whom
against
of
of
worshiped
shall
beings
real
are
former
It
century.
many
were
tellect
in-
clearer
the
into
it absurd.
found
there
elements
there
transplanted
twentieth
the
of
example,
an
^htn
strangely enough
atmosphere
would
as
sixteenth
IJl
LABOR.
serve
may
superstitious
is doubtful
STRENUOUS
OF
to
They
PARACELSUS.
172
know
easily influenced
be
may
With
others
the
with
day
dared
commit
to
with
For
"
when
he
has
those
is
knows
And
find
think
For
....
from
every
is it
While
op.
in having
be
for
Where
theories
of
,No
when
no
advance
foundation
one
be
neither
to
the
know
the
Where
persist
manifest
and
all
nor
in
into God's
skulls,
empty
Devil,
is
foundation.
is made
Devil
been
ever
who
that
of
superstitions?
in their
from
should
he
farther
knowledge
of
edge.
knowl-
of
lack
no
the
to
ideas
man
those
not
condition
the
who
occult
of knowledge?
own
has
nor
pected
sus-
all,is
nothing.
with
Only
of
relative
proper
of
hardly
being
after
his
are
those
and
so
had
misled,
among
writers
particular state
also
tempt
at-
to
even
other
And
understand
it must
God,
peculiar
possession
nothing?
who
folly?
can
than
fear
for
peculiarity
times
which
the
that
wisdom
own
it
"
"Can
Only
wisdom.
they
of
superstitious.
pride?
and
belief
remained
ever
Among
their
at
One.
Paracelsus
superstition
Where
and
current
credulous
"superstition" purely
and
knowledge
for
Evil
the
of
concept
found
was
writing
to
punished
connection
man
he
that
of
the
not
purely mystical
more
and
the
records
explain phenomena
to
his
such
more
record
to
courage
us."*
to
was
time, but
his
of
he
they
that
so
come
perhaps
it is
that
Paracelsus
to
many
beliefs
supernatural
of
to
respect
also,
thoughts
and
minds
our
sorcery.
help
to
any
comes
cerer
sor-
possible."
it has
been
the
occulta
fortune
of many
philosophia."
prominent
THE
LATER
in
names
thoughts
YEARS
the
history
have
been
and
that
emphasized
the
And
the
the
In
this
of
his
of
such
be
may
with
method
"Experientia
his
freely
and
est
of
acceptance.
the
not
admitted,
foreseeing
Scientia."
of
of
as
dependence
in-
of
tive
authorita-
was
realization
some
self
it-
free
that
was
among
method
when
scholasticism.
centuries
was
That
science
credited
that
Paracelsus
century.
be
by
to
judging
and
mized.
mini-
ideas,
medieval
idea
questioning
sanctioned
respect
modern
of
were
distinguished
was
struggling
was
of
fate
merits
revolutionary
revolutionary
in
the
was
his
activity
of
bondage
most
dogmas
his
of
nesses
weak-
shortcomings
and
modernism
of
from
his
exaggerated
period
their
and
it
best
their
that
overlooked,
development
spirit
the
civiUzation
centuries
173
LABOR.
remembered
for
and
The
by
of
vagaries
Paracelsus
STRENUOUS
OF
yet
the
he
greatest
that
he
of
may
necessity
preached
restless
THE
close
in
his
last
this
stricken
of
years
or
three
took
September,
his
drunken
It
murdered
by
professional
have
shown
brought
to
the
the
had
basis
suffered
would
of age.
it
doubtless
of
of
examination
for
that
in
he
had
instigation
of
researches, however,
these
in
remains
childhood
account
two
causes
died
he
said
evideftce
of his exhumed
from
that
the
at
groundlessness
expert
within
various
also
was
Modern
light positive
of
most
twenty-fourth
attributed
assassins
enemies.
Investigation
on
and
legends, originating,
alleged
was
of
his
from
made
the
on
Current
debauch,
been
place
1541.
death.
scarcely forty-
death.
long afterward,
however,
for
his
before
Probably
appearance
drawings
"
death
the
found
had
he
judge
may
we
portraits
years
His
if
age
poverty-
harbor.
restful
presented
he
age
authenticated
most
failing. Though
was
advanced
more
that
seems
and
quiet
health
his
nine
it
In
Austria.
in
his
town,
its
to
came
Salzburg
of
residence
comparatively
also
city
days past,
Paracelsus
of
career
the
PARACELSUS.
OF
DAYS
LAST
THE
from
the
and
rumors
contradiction.
gives
that
evidence
Paracelsus
rickets, which
early
appearance
THE
LAST
Three
This
attested
three
by
It
the
witnesses
sudden
or
of
his
day
preserved
and
death,
to
and
God,
Amen.
he
ment.
testa-
duly
us,
the notary.
signed by
formal
75
pated.
unantici-
been
has
in 'the
begins
not
pubhc notary
document
PARACELSUS.
was
before
days
the
to
OF
his death
Evidently
dictafed
DAYS
seology
stately legal phra-
:^
"In
the
known
and
read
see,
manifest
the
on
of
St.
of
twenty-firstday
of the
year
in
Lord
pope
of
God,
September,
in
the
Arts
of
a
and
spirit.
In
this
world
without
the
same
From
Appendix.
the
text
done
of the
h'e may
the
third
and
in the
and
and
Dr.
under
as
there
has
learned
of
the
eral
Lib-
in
body,
take
mind
leave
ordering
of
Theophrastus,
with
no
performed
testament
cially
espe-
in reason,
not
free
said
of
his
with
will
compulsion
his
enth
sev-
and
very
Doctor
words,
right knowledge,
has
and
the
Father
therefor
worthy
testament
plainly comprehensible
one,
in the
witnesses
named
that
our
forty-one,
order
temporal goods,
any
holy
sittingupon
with
and
providence
Hochenhaim,
ment,
instru-
of Christ
midday,
most
besought
personally appeared
von
may
my"public notaryship
and
Theophrastus
who
holy Apostle,
at
God's
hereinafter
summoned
and
of the
in
Paul,
the
of
the
Matthew,
made
public
birth
the
it be
one
every
five hundred
reign
that name,
presence
after
thousand
one
day
all and
to
in this year
Lord,
Let
hear
or
that
dear
of
name
and
from
necessary
given by Netzhammer,
op. cit.
176
PARACELSUS.
business
and
measure
and
last
form
all
contained:
hereinafter
as
in
pertaining
thereto
wishes
"viiiiiii"iiiiiiir"iiiiiiH^^^
,'jiV'ii
1.1J1,'
li|i!LiLn''iiM""liMlillU
BUST
By Ildephons
vogel
and
OF
PARACELSUS
Kuriger.
Early
Jenichen.
"First, he
soul
to
the
The
commits
shield
and
EINSIEDELN.
AT
19th
socle
century,
shows
his
after
drawings
Paracelsus's
life, death
protection
of
coat
and
by Hirschof
arms.
his
Almighty
poor
God,
THE
in the
LAST
confident
God
will not
and
death
the
His
of
PARACELSUS.
the
77
of
everlastingmercy
bitter
suffering,martyrdom
only begotten
Son
unfruitful
lost to
be
to
OF
that
hope
suffer
Christ
Jesus
DAYS
nor
Saviour
our
erable
mis-
him,
creature.
"Then,
the
by
the
that
said
Doctor
be
to
given
Saint
shall
ancient
in hand
every
cording
ac-
tieth
thir-
and
singings
poor
of
church,
seventh
first,
all three
to
selected
this side
in the
sung
the
at
been
has
Sebastian's
be
usage,
and
[Psalms],
is
burial-place
at
There
bridge.
to
his
penny
before
person
the
door."
Then
of money
sums
designated
instance
books
also
the
and
other
in
distribution
necessities
by
the
notary
cataloging
silver
and
clothing
there
and
interesting to
that
of his modest
or
cups
similar
notice
sums
"
and
ings
belong-
the
be
no
that
directs
neither
and
wants
considered.
possessions attested
circumstantial,
of money
other
in
gold
presence
or
vessels, articles of
personal belongings.
the
poor,
have
shown
is very
witnesses
small
be
shall
people
poor
finally
who
he
And
only
barber
heirs, the
people
shall
but
various
coins, silver
needy
for
as
and
And
goods
his
as
provision."
of such
inventory
names
the
disfavor
nor
The
and
to
professional
Salzburg.
of his
all other
nor
favor
of
and
citizen
Wendl,
surgeon)
stipend
this
plasters
Andre
institutes
wretched
of srhall
particular purposes,
medicines,
"Fifthly, for
he
for
or
Master
(therefore
bequests
or
persons
his
to
various
enumerated
are
of
copy
It
of
is
the
178
PARACELSUS.
one
printed
medical
treatises
Evangelists,
also
manuscripts
Hieronymus
several
of
assumed
theology
the
umes
vol-
various
and
ten
writ-
been
have
to
lections,
col-
similar
"various
the
on
manuscript
seven
and
"collection
on
and
of
concordance
of
Interpretations
Bible, the
of
Testament,
New
Bible, of the
by Theophrastus."
That
executed
(the birthplace
siedeln
items
his
of
It is
satisfaction
last
days
from
the
and
that
been
to
him
know
in
died
seriously
so
he
It is
of
confusing
for
reproach
a
man
research
nothing
the
and
to
that
and
the
to
groundless,
our
present
esteem
shown
and
that
but
to
allegiance.
have
been
of
severely
that
know
to
to
many
so
yet claimed
of
tions,
fic-
and
served
unde-
cast
Paracelsus
by
modern
there
knowledge
lier
ear-
who
corruptions,
reputation
have
of
some
he had
centuries
physician
be
relieved
discreditinglegends
three
upon
he
in his
Church
satisfaction
yet greater
which
as
faith
istration.
admin-
satisfaction
the
as
for
slight
yet found
observances
Ein-
certain
hardships
in
corded
re-
for
extent
It is also
denounced
fundamental
whose
of
Paracelsus
held
accepted by
and
doctrines
but
mass
he
that
whose
estimation.
Bishop
some
and
though
by professional colleagues
held
and
him
to
that
know
distressing poverty
years,
signed
Paracelsus),
of
to
have
to
seems
the
bequeathed
property
faithfully
were
Wessner,
Peter
receipt by
will
in
evidence
have
we
his
of
provisions
the
upon
exists
contradicts
his
tomb
THE
in
the
LAST
which,
"Here
is
cured
other
to
September,
goods
the
he
year
which
of
exchanged
guished.
distin-
with
who
and
body,
obtained
he
our
wonderful
dropsy
gout,
the
Lord
life
in
Theophrastus,
of
79
Sebastian
St.
reads
leprosy,
diseases
of
Medicine,
wounds,
the
poor
In
of
of
contagious
the
Hospital
Philippus
buried
dire
PARACELSUS.
OF
translated,
Doctor
art
the
of
cemetery
Salzburg,
DAYS
for
who
and
1541,
death."
the
and
gave
mulated.
accu-
24th
BIBLIOGRAPHY/
WORKS
RELATING
FriedrichMook,
die.
Karl
ESPECIALLY
Schubert
2
Franz
Schddcl
Paracelsus.
and
Karl
The
York,
Arthur
Edward
Theophrastus
Karl
Sudhoff,
P.
Versuch
Part
II:
This
His
the
Nawie
of
Teachings,
translator),
Writings of
2
Aureolus
of Hohenheim,
etc.
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ParaNew
einer
Kritik
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celsus
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