Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[1] Allen J. Wood and Bruce F. Wollenberg, Power Generation Operation and
Control, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, 2005, Chapter 9, pp. 328-362.
[2] John J. Grainger and Willian D. Stevenson, Jr., Power System
McGraw-Hill, Inc., Singapore, 1994, Chapter 16, pp. 695-707.
Analysis,
[3] Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 4th ed., Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2006.
[4] Katsuhiko Ogata, Discrete-Time Control Systems, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2005.
[5] Cyril W. Lander, Power Electronics, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Singapore, 1993.
[6] Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins, Power Electronics,
3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., Replika Press Pvt. Ltd., India, 2006 .
[7] James W. Dally, William F. Riley and Kenneth G. McConnell,
Instrumentation for Engineering Measurement, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons
Inc., Replika Press Pvt. Ltd., India, 2006, Chapter 6, pp. 162-205.
[8] Thomas C. Hayes and Paul Horowitz, Student manual for The Art of
Electronics, Cambridge University Press, Gopsons Papers Limited, India,
2002. Chapter 2, pp. 82-140.
[9] Website, http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol2/chpt 12/6.html. accessed on
4/06/2008.
[10] Data sheet # DS39582B/or PIC16F87XA 28/40pin 8-bit CMOS flash,
Microcontrollers, Microchip Technology Inc., U.S.A, 2003.
[11] Data sheet # GT50J101 for 600V, 50A IGBT, Toshiba, Japan.
[12] Data sheet # PC817, Photocoupler, Sharp, Japan.
[13] Datasheet # UTC D313, NPN Switching Transistor, Unisonic Technologies
Co., Ltd.
50
Appendix 1.
The Matlab program used to find PID vales of the present synchronizer
% Estimate PID values ofpresent synchronizer, [K(s+a)*(s+b)/s]
J=250;
Wo=76.18;
C=0.8;
t=0:1:600;
Tg=0.3;
Th=3.0;
a-0.2333;
Kt=8000;
for K=0.2.-0.01:0.01; %starts the inner loop to vary the a values
for b=0.6:-0.001:0.001; %starts the inner loop to vary the a values
numl =[K (a+bj *K a *b *KJ;
denl =[0 1 OJ;
tfl-tf(numl,denl);
num2=[0 0 1];
den2=[0 Tg 1];
tf2=tf(num2,den2);
num3-[0 01];
den3=[0 Th 1];
tf3=tf(num3,den3);
num4=[0 0 1];
den4=[0 Wo*J Wo*C];
tf4-tf(num4,den4) ;
tf5=tf]*tf2*tf3*tf4*Kt;
sys=feedback(tf5,1);
y=step(sys,t);
m=max(y);
n=minfy);
ifm<1.35 & m>0.99;
break; % breaks the inner loop
end
end
ifm<1.35 & m>0.99;
51
overshoot='),text(250,0.25,mm)
'Rise time='),text(450,0.1,rr)
Appendix 2.
The program used in Matlab to estimate PI parameters
% Estimate parameters for new PI controller when Pe(s) is connected, [K(s+d)/s]
J=250;
Wo=76.18;
C-0.8;
t=0:l:90;
Tg=0.3;
Th=3;
K=0.2;
a=0.2333;
b=0.05;
Kl-8000;
Ke-6000;
for Kp=0.9:-0.1:0.1; %starts the inner loop to vary the 'Kp'values
for d=0.1. -0.001:0.001; %starts the outer loop to vary the'd' values
numl=[K (a+b) *Ka*b*KJ;
denl =[0 1 0];
tfl-tf(numl,denl);
num2-[0 01J;
den2-[0 Tg 1];
tf2=tf(num2,den2);
num3==f0 01J;
den3-[0 Th 1J;
tf3=tf(num3, den3);
1f4=tfl *tf2*tf3*Kt;
%tf of the new PI controller
num4=[0 Kp Kp*dJ;
den4-[01 0];
tf5=tf(num4,den4);
tf6=tf5*Ke;
Gc = parallel(tf4, tf6);
num5=[0 0 I];
den5=[0 Wo*J Wo*CJ;
Gp=tf(num5,den5);
53
sys=feedback(Gc*Gp,l);
y=step(sys,t);
m=max(y);
if m< 1.1 & m>0.99;
break; % breaks the inner loop
end
end
ifm<l.l & m>0.99;
break; % breaks the inner loop
end
end
rl =i .while y(rl)<0. l,rl =rl+l;end;
r2=l; while y(r2) < 0.9, r2=r2+1 ;end;
Rise_time=(r2-rl) *1
s91; whiley(s)>0.98 &y(s)<1.02; s=s-l;end;
Settlingjime=(s-l) *1
maxovershoot=m-l
plot(t,y);
grid;
title('Unit-Step response when Pe(s) is connected')
xlabelft Sec')
ylabel ('Amplitude')
kk=num2str(Kp); %string value of Kp to be printed on the plot
dd=num2str(d); %string value of d to be printed on the plot
mm=num2str (maxovershoot); %string value of max overshoot to be printed on the plot
ss=num2str(SettlingJime); %string value of Settling time to be printed on the plot
rr-num2str (Rise time); %string value of Rise time to be printed on the plot
text(21,0.9, 'Kp='), text (26,0.9, kk)
text(21,0.7, 'd ='), text(26,0.7,dd)
text(21,0.5, 'Max overshoot^'),text(42,0.5,mm)
text(21,0.3, 'Settling time='),text(42,0.3,ss)
text(21,0.1, 'Rise time='),text(42,0.1,rr)
sol=[sys]
sol=[Kp;d]
Kp=Kp
d=d
tf4
(,HZ, > 0 o
W P Z ^ p p i j
(puzp 'puinu)fi=[j~/O~JJ
Appendix 3
GT50J101
1 L+
m POWER SWITCHING APPLICATIONS.
U n i t i n mm
liigh Input Irapedance
20-5MAX
High Speed
tf=0.35us(Max.)
Low S a t u r a t i o n V o l t a g e
VCE(sat)=4.0V(Max.)
,03 30 2
1I
XI?
2.5
3.0
+2.5
1.0-0.25
CHARACTERISTIC
SYMBOL
RATING
bllec t o r - E m i t t e r V o l t a g e
V'CES
6D0
late-Emitter
20
Voltage
Collector Current
GES
DC
IC
Ins
iCP
100
Pc
200
lolleccor Power D i s s i p a t i o n
rc*25C)
Junction
Temperature
5.4 5 0 . 1 5
5.4 5 0 . 1 5
50
Tj
UNIT
I.
GATE
2-
COLLECTOR C H E A T
3.
EMITTER
SINK)
150
J EDEC
-55-150
[st_
crew Torque
EIA J
0.8
Nm
TOSHIBA
2-21FJC
Weight : 9 . 7 5 g
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta25C)
CHARACTERISTIC
SYMBOL
Date Leakage Cu r r e n t
Collector C u t - o f f
Current
Collector-Emitter
treakduon V o l t a g e
Sate-Er.irter C u t - o f f
Voltage
Collector-Emitter
Saturation V o l t a g e
Switching Tine
500
nA
ICES
V C E=600V,
VHE-0
1.0
cA
IC~2nA, V nE =0
1C-50A,
Cies
Vce=10V,
Hiermal R e s i s t a n c e
UNIT
Turn-on T i c e
on
tf
Tine
MAX.
Vce-0
tr
Turn-off
TYP.
vGE=20v,
R i s e Tine
F a i l Tine
MIN.
ICES
(BR)CES
Input C a p a c i t a n c e
Vcc0i
f-lMHz
3.0
6.0
3.0
4.0
3500
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.15
0.35
0.50
1.00
T ' n
'-15V
toff
Rth(j-c)
VCE=15V
600
30<)V
0.625
PF
us
GT50J101
WITCHING TIME -
IQ
SWITCHING TIME -
RG
r
COMMON
lb
EMITTER
C C
= 300 V
G E
-1SV
I r = 50 A
3
COLLECTOR CURRENT
IC
10
30
100
GATE R E S I S T A N C E
(A)
RG
300
(il)
5000
fa.
ft 3000
V
u
1000
jr
500
M
O
300
<
100
- COMMON
EMITTER
V
GE=
f=
lMHi
t Tc = 2 5 1 C
30
0.5
10
30
100
C O L L E C T O R - E M I T T E R VOLTAGE
300
1000
VCE (V)
PULSE
WIDTH
(s)
MAX.(PULSED)
SINGLE
NONREPETITIVE
PULSE
Te = 25*C
CURVES M U S T
L1NEALY W I T H
IN
DERATED
INCREASE
TEMPERATURE.
.I : :: III
0.3
BE
I I I ,i i, I ill
3
10
COLLECTOR-EMITTER
.1 1, 1.1 I,
30
100
VOLTAGE
300
VCE
1000
(V)
COLLECTOR-EMITTER
VOLTAGE
VCE
(V)
GT50J101
Ic -
160
COMMON
VCE
>O
EMITTER
EMITTER
3
<
120
//
80
g
12
f/s
J.
Vnc=8V
1
4
C O L L E C T O R - E M I T T E R VOLTAGE
CE -
10
VCE
uJ
ic =
L
12
'
GATE-EMITTER
GE
w
>u
. COMMON
EMITTER
(V)
16
12
pp
10
iL
f/
12 T e = - 4 0 ' C
tm2
0>
15
20
GE
COMMON
T c 25"C
40
VCE -
16
o<
" Tc = 25"C
16
20 A
16
VOLTAGE
CE -
too
50
VG
20
(V)
GE
COMMON
EMITTER
12
Tc = 125"C
o>
PS
cc
100
100
50
3
u
I
a,
h: = 2 (
0
GATE-EMITTER
uu
12
16
VOLTAGE
50
VGE
20
160
12
GE
CE- V GE -
VCE=
>u
EMITTER
400
o<
Jr* 120
JO
0>
a
ufH
k
7i
80
RL=6X1
GATE-EMITTER
12
VOLTAGE
16
VGE
20
(V)
>o
12 w
o<
J
u:
1
cs 100
c
tu
j
rf
' 0
o
0
>
200
ko
40
16
Tc = 25*C
300
20
(V)
QG
EMITTER
.
5V
vz
u
16
VGE
COMMON
COMMON
= 20 A
G A T E - E M I T T E R VOLTAGE
(V)
IC ~
cc
JH
2
w1
100
n
/ /
H
<
O
40
80
120
CHARGE
QG
160
(nc)
200
Appendix 4.
PC817 Series
PC817 Series
# Lead forming type ( I type ) and taping reel type ( P t y p e ) are also available. ( P C 8 1 7 I / P C 8 1 7 P
# # T U V ( V D E 0 8 8 4 ) approved type is also available as an option.
Features
Applications
1. Computer terminals
2. System appliances, measuring instruments
3. Registers, copiers, automatic vending
machines
4. Electric home appliances, such as fan
heaters, etc.
M I N . 5 0 % a t I F = 5 m A ,VCE=5 V )
(CTR:
Outline Dimensions
PC817
2.54J"5
CTR
rank mark
( U n i t :
PC827
2.541
ft
M
i5?-^
y y
Anode m a r k .
ft
Mi403
1.2
7.62103
<D
0 26*0-1
0.5*
PC837
2.54 *
025
| |
sp rj? n r? n r?
SCLi > o 0-
AJLiJJ
U,
JJ Li
ft
ft
@ Anode
Cathode
Emitter
@ Collector
7.62103
0.26*
8 = 0 to 13*
N
co
ft
ft
ft
ft
7R9
1.2
o
co
y y
0.9*0.2
, 5
n
| m
fcfc
5 5
U
ui
So. I
i
< 0 . i1 CLl 0 . 1
JJ
U
JJ
li
JJ
Li
ij
@ Lb
01
y y y
ft
Internal connection
diagram
2.54*
<S>
Anode
Cathode
Emitter
Collector
8 = 0 to 13"
PC847
E
0,5
0.5*
Internal connection
diagram
14.74*0-5
0.5*
9.66 *
Anode
Cathode
Emitter
Collector
e = o to 13
'-] 2*0.3
I 7.62'
4.58*05
Io
ft
CD
m m )
"1
WoTr:
0.5*-1
@ Anode
Cathode
0 to 13"
Emitter
@ Collector
" In tie absence of confirmation by device specification sheets, SHARP takes no responsibility for any defects that occur in equipment using any of SHARP'S devices, shown in catalogs,
data boots, etc. Contact SHARP in ordertoobtain the latest version of the device specification sheets before using any SHARP'S device.*
SHARP
P C 8 1 7 Series
I Absolute M a x i m u m Ratings
( T a = 25 C)
Parameter
Symbol
Rating
Unit
If
50
mA
Ifm
Vr
Forward current
Input
Output
70
mW
Collector-emitter voltage
V CEO
35
Emitter-collector voltage
Veco
Ic
50
mA
Pc
P tot
150
mW
200
mW
Vi,o
5000
Vrm,
Collector current
Collector power dissipation
Total power dissipation
^Isolation voltage
Operating temperature
T opr
-30 to + 100
Storage temperature
T ag
'3Soldering temperature
T sol
260
Electro-optical Characteristics
Parameter
Output
MIN.
TYP.
MAX.
Unit
If = 20mA
1.2
1.4
Vfm
Ifm = 0.5A
3.0
1R
VR= 4V
10
|IA
Terminal capacitance
C>
V= 0, f= 1kHz
30
250
pF
ICEO
CTR
10- 7
600
%
V
Conditions
Vf
Forward voltage
Input
(Ta= 25 C)
Symbol
Isolation resistance
VcE(sB)
Cut-off frequency
fc
Rise time
tr
Fall time
tf
50
lF = 20mA,Ic= 1mA
DC500V, 40 to 60% RH
Riso
Cr
Floating capacitance
Response time
VCE = 20V
0.1
0.2
5 x 10">
10"
V = 0 , f = 1MHz
0.6
1.0
pF
80
kHz
18
(IS
18
Us
Model No.
Rank mark
PC817A
PC817B
PC817C
PC817D
PC8#7AB
PC8*7BC
PC8#7CD
PC8#7AC
PC8#7BD
PC8#7AD
PC8#7
80 to 160
130 to 260
200 to 400
300 to 600
: 1 or 2 or 3 or 4
AorB
CTR ( % )
80 to 260
BorC
130 to 400
CorD
200 to 600
A, B or C
80 to 400
B, C or D
130 to 600
A, B, C or D
80 to 600
50 to 600
40
I 30
-25
25
50
75
100
125
SHARP
P C 8 1 7 Series
200
10000
5000
2 000
1 000
0
- 30
25
50
75
100
125
CC)
Ambient temperature T a
10
20
50
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
5 10 -1 2
Duty ratio
5 10 "2 2
5 102
Collector-emitter voltage V ce ( v )
- 30
25
50
75
100
P C 8 1 7 Series
SHARP
Fig. 8 Collector-emitter Saturation Voltage vs.
Ambient Temperature
'
10
-25
25
50
75
Ambient temperature T , C C )
Frequencyf ( k H z )
Load resistance Ri. ( k i )
Output
Input
Ro
Rt
Output
10
Forward current I f ( m A )
100
Application Circuits
NOTICE
T h e circuit application examples in this publication are provided to explain representative applications of
SHARP devices and are not intended to guarantee any circuit design or license any intellectual property
rights. SHARP takes no responsibility for any problems related to any intellectual property right of a
third party resulting from the use of SHARP'S devices.
Contact SHARP in order to obtain the latest device specification sheets before using any SHARP device.
SHARP reserves the right to make changes in the specifications, characteristics, data, materials,
structure, and other contents described herein at any time without notice in order to improve design or
reliability. Manufacturing locations are also subject to change without notice.
Observe the following points when using any devices in this publication. SHARP takes no responsibility
for damage caused by improper use of the devices which does not meet the conditions and absolute
maximum ratings to be used specified in the relevant specification sheet nor meet the following
conditions:
(i) The devices in this publication are designed for use in general electronic equipment designs such as:
Personal computers
Office automation equipment
Telecommunication equipment [terminal]
Test and measurement equipment
Industrial control
Audio visual equipment
Consumer electronics
Measures such as fail-safe function and redundant design should be taken to ensure reliability and
safety when SHARP devices are used for or in connection with equipment that requires higher
reliability such as:
Transportation control and safety equipment (i.e., aircraft, trains, automobiles, etc.)
Traffic signals
Gas leakage sensor breakers
Alarm equipment
Various safety devices, etc.
Qii) SHARP devices shall not be used for or in connection with equipment that requires an extremely
high level of reliability and safety such as:
Space applications
Telecommunication equipment [trunk lines]
Nuclear power control equipment
Medical and other life support equipment (e.g., scuba).
Contact a SHARP representative in advance when intending to use SHARP devices for any "specific"
applications other than those recommended by SHARP or when it is unclear which category mentioned
above controls the intended use.
I f the SHARP devices listed in this publication fall within the scope of strategic products described in the
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law of Japan, it is necessary to obtain approval to export
such SHARP devices.
T h i s publication is the proprietary product of SHARP and is copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under
the copyright laws, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, in whole or in part, without the express written
permission of SHARP. Express written permission is also required before any use of this publication
may be made by a third party.
Contact and consult with a SHARP representative if there are any questions about the contents of this
publication.
SHARP
115
Appendix 5.
UTC D313
1:BASE 2:COLLECTOR
3: EMITTER
VALUE
UNIT
Collector-Base Voltage
PARAMETER
VCBO
60
Collector-Emitter Voltage
VCEO
60
Emitter-Base Voltage
VEBO
Ic
Storage Temperature
Tstg
-55-+150
Junction Temperature
150
Collector Current
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(Ta=25C)
PARAMETER
Collector-Base Breakdown Voltage
Collector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage
Emitter-Base Breakdown Voltage
Collector Cut-Off Current
Emitter Cut-Off Current
Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage
Base-Emitter On voltage
DC Current Gain
SYMBOL
BVCBO
BVCEO
BVEBO
ICBO
IEBO
VCE(SAT)
VBE(ON)
hFE
TEST CONDITIONS
MiN
IC=1mA
. IC=10mA
IE=100uA
VCB=20V, IE=0
VEB=4V, IC=0
IC=2A, IB=0.2A
VCE=2V, IC=1A
60
60
5
IC=1A VCE=2V
IC=0.1A,VCE=2V
40
40
TYP
MAX
UNIT
0.1
1.0
1.0
1.5
320
V
V
V
mA
mA
V
V
CLASSIFICATION ON hFE
RANK
RANGE
U T C
I
I
C
40-80
D
60-120
E
100-200
UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES
F
160-320
CO., LTD.
QW-R203-001.A
UTC D313
DC CURRENT GAINT
10000
1000
5-
100
1000
10000
1000
100
10
1000
10000
VBHSAT) V.S.IC
10000
1000
10
100
1000
10000
10
100
VB(ON) V.S. Ic
10000
1000
100
10
100
1000
10000
U T C
UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES
CO., LTD.
QW-R203-001.A
UTC D313
UTC assumes no responsibility for equipment failures that result from using products at values that
exceed, even momentarily, rated values (such as maximum ratings, operating condition ranges, or
other parameters) listed in products specifications of any and all UTC products described or contained
herein. UTC products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where
malfunction of these products can be reasonably expected to result in personal injury. Reproduction in
whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information
presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate
and reliable and may be changed without notice.
U T C
UNISONJC TECHNOLOGIES
CO., LTD.
QW-R203-001, A
Appendix 6.
SN5413, SN54LS13, SN7413, SN74LS13
DUAL 4-INPUT
POSITIVE-NAi\lD SCHMITT TRIGGERS
SDLS046
Line-Receiving
Charac-
teristics
1A C 1 Ul4 3 Vcc
High Noise I m m u n i t y
IB C 2
NC C 3
icC 4
description
1D C6
1Y C6
C7
GND
133 2D
12 3 2C
11 2 NC
10 2 2B
9 2 2A
S 2 2Y
going ( V f - ) signals.
SN54LS13 . . . FK PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
i > I 11 11 11l
3 2 1 20 19
The SN5413 and SN54LS13 are characterized for operation over the full military temperature range of -55C
to 125C. The SN7413 and SN74LS13 are character-
logic s y m b o l *
1B1C1D2A2B-
(11
(2)
1D
]8
&JJ
10 [ 2 C
17[ NC
16[ NC
15t NC
14 [ 2B
.X r9n 1
0 111213 /
t - i ^ n n X
>- Q O >
vjfi)
TY
(41
<
<3
16)
<91
110)
]4
NC ] 5
1C ] 6
NC ] 7
1A-
NC
2C- (121
2 D - (131
-2Y
ABCD
TEXAS
^
INSTRUMENTS
POST OFFICE BOX 655012 > OAU.AS, TEXAS 75265
7 v
5.5 V
7 V
'LSI3
Operating free-air temperature: SN54'
_ 5 5 c to 125C
SN74'
Storage temperature range
NOTE 1: Voltage values ere with respect to network ground terminal.
TEXAS ^
INSTRUMENTS
O S T OFFICE B O * 6 5 5 0 1 2 DALLAS. T E X A S 7 5 2 6 5
0 C to 70C
- 6 5 C to 150 C
SN5413, SN7413
DUAL 4-INPUT
POSITIVE-NAND SCHMITT TRIGGERS
r e c o m m e n d e d operating c o n d i t i o n s
SN5413
V<;c
Supply voltage
'OH
SN7413
MIN
NOM
MAX
MIN
NOM
4.6
5.5
4.75
'OL
16
-55
125
5.25
-as
-0.8
T^
MAX
V
mA
16
mA
70
PARAMETER
vT+
v-rMysieresis
1VT4.-VT_)
MIN
TYP* MAX
UNIT
VCC'5V
1.5
1.7
VCC - 5 V
0.6
0.9
1.1
VCC - 6 V
0.4
0.8
2.4
3.4
V|K
Vcc'MIN.
If 12 mA
V0H
VCC-MIN.
V j * 0.6 V,
VOL
Vcc = M ' N .
V|-2V,
l 0 |_ = 16mA
IT+
v C c - s V,
V, - V T +
-0.65
<T-
V| " V T _
V|-8.8V
-0.85
'1
'|H
Vcc "MAX.
V|H-2.4V
'lL
VCC-MAX,
V|L-0.4V
V
- 1.5
0.2
0.4
V
mA
mA
1
- 1
V
V
mA
40
fA
-1.6
mA
'OS
VCC "
MAX
- 55
mA
'CCH
MAX
14
23
mA
>CCL
Vcc -
M A X
20
32
mA
c c
- 18
* f o r c o n d i t i o n * s h o w n a t M J N o r M A X , use t h e a p p r o p r i a t e v a l u e s p e c i f i e d u n d e r r e c o m m e n d e d o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s .
A l l t y p i c a l v a l u e s a r e a t V c c - 5 V , T A - 2 5 C.
N o t m o r e than one o u t p u t should be snorted at a time,
switching characteristics, V c c = 5 V , T a = 2 5 C
PARAMETEH
PLH
FROM
TO
IINPUT)
(OUTPUTI
Any
TEST CONDITIONS
RL-400n,
<PHL.
CL-15pF
TEXAS ^
INSTRUMENTS
OST OFFICE BO* 655012 DALLAS. TEXAS 75265
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
18
27
ns
15
22
ns
SN54LS13, SN74LS13
DUAL 4-INPUT
POSITIVE NAND SCHMITT TRIGGERS
recommended operating conditions
SN54LS13
Vec
|QH
Supplv voltage
High-level output current
SN74LS13
MIN
NOM
MAX
MIN
NOM
MAX
4.5
5.5
4.75
5.25
-0.4
-55
125
-0.4
mA
mA
70
'OL
T^
UNIT
electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
vT+
VTHystaresis
IVT+ - V T _ )
SN54LS13
TEST CONDITIONS^
PARAMETER
SN74LS13
MIN
TYP*
MAX
MIN
TYP$
MAX
1.4
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.6
1.9
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
Vcc-SV
0.4
0.B
0.4
0.8
2.5
3.4
2.7
3.4
vCc vcc -
VtK
VCC-MIN.
l| - - 18 mA
VOH
V C C " MIN.
V | = 0 . 5 V,
vol
V C C = MIN,
V| - 1.9 V
<t+
V C C " 5 V,
V, = V T +
-0.14
-0.14
lT-
V C C " 6 V,
V C C = MAX.
V| - V T _
-0.18
-0.18
V c C - MAX,
V C C - MAX,
V | H - 2.7 V
20
20
'lL
-0.4
-0.4
mA
loss
V C C " MAX
-100
mA
IOI_ = 4 m A
l|
l|H
-1.5
- 1.5
IQH " - - 4 mA
l0L"
0.25
0.4
8 m A
V| - 7 V
0.25
0.4
0.35
0.5
0.1
-100
-20
V
mA
mA
0.1
-20
V
V
mA
JA
CCH
V C C MAX
2.9
2.9
mA
'CCL
VCC -
M A X
4.1
4.1
mA
t For conditions shown ea MIN or MAX, t M the appropriate value specified under recommended operating condition!.
t All Typical values era et VcC = 5 V, T A - 2S5C.
5 Not more then one output should be shorted at a time, and duration of the short-circuit should not exceed ana aecond.
FROM
TO
IINPUT)
(OUTPUT)
Y
TEST CONDITIONS
R i - 1 l> O
C L - 15 pF
tPHL
,
TEXAS
^
INSTRUMENTS
O S T OFFICE BO* 6 5 5 0 1 2 D A L L A S . T E X A S 7 5 2 6 5
MIN
TYP
MAX
15
22
UNIT
ru
18
27
ns
SN5413,
SN54LS13,
SN7413,
SN74LS13
DUAL 4-IIUPUT
POSITIVE -NAND SCHMITT TRIGGERS
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
TEST
POINT
VCC
INPUT ^ y p W f H I
FROM
OUTPUT
tsse Nota A)
W W W
UNDEH '
TEST
C Cl
bee Nora B)
3V
V) re<(L>
0V
K'fl-H
>k
OUTPUT
Vow
j^TTv
VQ-el
-C
VOL
(See Note CI
VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
LNOTES:
O A D C I RA.C UAll
I T diodes ere 1 N3064 or ectuivelent.
8 . Cj_ i n c l u d e s p r o b e e n d j i g capacitance.
C. G e n e r a t o r characteristics a n d reference voltages are:
Generator Characteristics
z
SN547SN74*
out
SO n
R
1 MHz
SNS4 LS7SN74LS'
50 n
1MHz
tr
10 ns
15 ns
Reference Voltages
v
tf
10 ns
6 ns
l reflHI
1.7 V
V , ref(L)
0.9 V
1.6 V
0.8 V
O raf
1.5 V
1.3 V
1.68
0.88
2 '.7
0.87
J 166
1.66
X
(-
164
s'
|
1
163
0.86
O.BS
084
0 83
| 1*2
I
0.B1
1.61
I
080
-75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Free-Air Temperature C
4 r so
-SO
0 26 60 76 IDS 125
T a - Free-Air Temperature - C
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
HYSTERESIS
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
5V
820
810
f .
I
I 790
780
i
+
770
>i760
750
-It
TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS
OACT / ' C t i f t ortv .
AC 7C!CC
SN5413, SN7413
DUAL 4 INPUT
POSITIVE-NAND SCHMITT TRIGGERS
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF '13 CIRCUITS
THRESHOLD VOLTAGES
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
DISTRIBUTION OF UNITS
FOR HYSTERESIS
2.0
Vcc-6 V
(\
TA 25<
1.8
1.6
> 1.4
I
f *
'
99% ARE
ABOVE
735
J
720
>
1.0
0.6
OA
0.2
MO
4.6
FIGURE 4
5-5
FIGURES
HYSTERESIS
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2.0
1.8
4.75
5
5.25
VT+ - V r _ - Hyrterasii - oiV
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
1
1
Vcc " S V
.TA-26'C
TA
T+"
>
1
1 1-2
f ,
0.8
'
06
>0.4
0
4.5
4.76
6.25
5-5
V c c - Supply Voltage ~ V
FIGURE 6
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
V c c - Supply Voltage - V
FIGURE 7
TEXAS
^
INSTRUMENTS
POST OFFICE SOX 55012 DALLAS. TEXAS 7S265
SN54LS13, SN74LS13
DUAL 4-INPUT
POSITIVE-HAND SCHMITT TRIGGERS
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 'LS13 CIRCUITS
POSITIVE-GOING THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
I"
v C (: - s \
0 82
0.81
-75
-SO -25
28
BO
75
100
125
T * Free-Air Temperature _ C
0.80
0
25
50
75 100 125
75 -SO - 2 5
TA Free-Air Temperature - C
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 9
HYSTERESIS
vs
FREE AIR TEMPERATURE
DISTRIBUTION OF UNITS
FOR HYSTERESIS
>
E
I
S
i
i
>
V T + - V T - - Hysteresis _ M V
T a Free-Air Temperature - C
F I G U R E 11
FIGURE 10
D a t e f o r t e m p e r a t u r e s b e l o w 0C a n d a b o v e 7 0 C a n d s u p p l y v o l t a g e s B e l o w 4 , 7 6 V e n a a b o v e 6 . 2 5 V a r e a o o l i e e b l e f o r S N 5 4 L S 1 3 o n l y .
TEXAS ^
INSTRUMENTS
OSTOFFICE BO* 655012 DALLAS. T E X A S 75265
SN54LS13, SN74LS13
DUAL 4-INPUT
P0SIT1VE-NAND SCHMITT TRIGGERS
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF XS13 CIRCUITS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
ir
Vcc " 5 V
0
Vcc - Supply Voltage - V
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
V| - Input Voltage - V
FIGURE 13
FIGURE 12
D a t a f o r t e m p e r a t u r e s b e l o w 0C a n d a b o v e 7 0 C a n d s u p p l y v o l t a g e s b e l o w 4 . 7 5 V e n d a b o v e 5 . 2 5 V a r e a p p l i c a b l e t o r S N S 4 L S 1 3 o n l y .
,
TEXAS
^
INSTRUMENTS
OST OFFICE B O * 655012 DALLAS. TEXAS 75265
)
I TTL SYSTEM
n r
CMOS
SINE-WAVE
OSCILLATOR
>
JT
PULSE SHAPER
0.1 H i to 10 MHz
INPUT
OUTPUT
THRESHOLD DETECTOR
MULTIVIBRATOR
Open-collector
outpu r
INPUT
I
|
Y oOUTPUT
u-
INPU
-I--I
PULSE STRETCHER
TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS
P O S T OFFICE S O X 6 5 5 0 1 2 D A L L A S . T E X A S 7 5 2 E 5
Appendix 7.
MICROPROCESSOR PROGRAM FOR 'PI' CONTROLLER STRATEGY II
config _LVP_OFF & _XT_OSC & _WDT_OFF & _PWRTE_ON & _CP_OFF & _BODEN_OFF & _DEBUG_OFF
; for PID
listp=16F877A
Sinclude pl6F877a.inc
cblock
0x40
CEBPulselengthH
CEBPulselengthL
GENPulselengthH
GENPuIselengthL
errorL
errorH
errorfrequ
INT TERM_H
INTTERML
PROP_TERM_H
PROP_TERM_L
PID_RES_H
PID_RES_L
PWM
flags
endc
AARGBO
AARGB1
AARGB5
BARGB0
BARGB1
REMB0
REMB1
TEMP
LOOPCOUNT
TEMP2
org
goto
equ 0x50
equ 0x51
equ 0x52
equ 0x53
equ 0x54
equ 0x55
equ 0x56
equ 0x57
equ 0x58
equ 0x59
0x00
start
org
banksel
bcf
btfss
goto
retfie
bcf
banksel
btfss
goto
btfsc
goto
banksel
bsf
bsf
goto
0x04
banksel
bsf
bsf
call
retfie
flags
INTCON
INTCON,0
INTCON,2
chk_Iow_fteq
INTCON^
flags
flags,4
;chk gen ok
setlowfreq
flags,5
setoutput
flags
flags,0
flags,3
setoutput
setlowfreq
flags,0
flags,3
calculate
setoutput
call
banksel
bsf
;chk_low_freq
;
banksel
;
btfss
;
retfie
;
Banksel
calculate
flags
flags,3
PIR1
PIR1,0
flags
bsf
retfie
start
configprocessor
banksel
PR2
movlw
0xC7 ;199
movwf
PR2
banksel CCPR1L
movlw
0x00 ;at initilize 0
movwf
CCPR1L
bcf
CCPlCON,CCPlX
bcf
CCP1 CON,CCP 1Y
banksel
TRISC
bcf
TRISC.2
banksel
T2CON
movlw
b'00000100' ; TMR2 = on, prescale =1:1
movwf
T2CON
banksel
CCP ICON
movlw
b'OOOOllH' ; and enable PWM mode
movwf
CCP1CON
banksel TRISB
; bit 5 for desable CEB reading
movfw
b'l 1100000' ;B,7 B,6 and B,5 are input
banksel
INTCON
bsf
INTCON,7
bsf
INTCON,6
bsf
INTCON,5
banksel
T1CON
bcf
TlCON,4
bcf
TICON,5 ;PS 1:1 minFz=16Hz
BSF
STATUS, RPO
CLRF
PIEl
bcf
PIE 1,0
; timer 1 interupt enable desabled
BCF
STATUS, RPO
CLRF
PIRl
banksel
bcf
bcf
bsf
bsf
bsf
bank3el
bsf
bsf
bsf
bcf
OPTION_REG
OPTION_REG,5
OPTION REG,3
OPTION~REG,0
OPTION_REG,l
OPTIONREG^
INTCON
INTCON,7
INTCON,6
INTCON,5
INTCON,2
banksel
clrf
clrf
clrf
call
INT_TERM_H
INTTERMH
INT_TERM_L
flags
setdefoultpwm
Banksel
btfsc
goto
flags
flags,4
gen_read_ok
main
clrf
flags;
new cycle
banksel
TMRO
clrf
TMRO
banksel
OPTION_REG
bsf
OPTION_REG,0
bsf
OPTION_REG,1
bsf
OPTION_REG,2
call
banksel
btfss
goto
readGEN
PIRl
PIR1,0
$+6
;
;
;timerO ps= 1:256
Banksel
bsf
bcf
goto
genreadok
nop
nop
call
btfsc
bcf
btfsc
goto
goto
flags
flags,0; low frequency flag
PIR1,0
setdefoultpwm
; goto set defoult pwm
readCEB
flags ,2
flags,2
flags,3
main
$-2
goto main
readCEB
Banksel
bcf
banksel
btfsc
goto
banksel
CLRF
CLRF
banksel
clrf
clrf
banksel
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfss
goto
BSF
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfss
goto
BcF
banksel
movfw
banksel
movwf
banksel
movfw
banksel
movwf
banksel
bsf
bcf
nop
return
CEB_freq_set
movlw
banksel
movwf
movlw
banksel
movwf
banksel
bsf
bcf
nop
return
flags
flags,3;: ; flag for new cycle
PORTB
PORTB,5
CEB freq_set
TMR1H
RIH
TMR1L
CEBPulselengthH
CEBPulselengthH
CEBPulselengthL
PORTB
flags,3
main
PORTB,7
$-3
flags,3
main
PORTB,7
$-3
TICON,
flags,3
main
PORTB,7
$-3
flags,3
main
PORTB,7
$-3
TICON,
TMR1H
TMR1H
CEBPulselengthH
CEBPulselengthH
TMR1L
TMR1L
CEBPulselengthL
CEBPulselengthL
flags
flags,5
flags,0
0x4E
CEBPulselengthH
CEBPulselengthH
0x20
CEBPulselengthL
CEBPulselengthL
flags
flags,5
flags,0
readGEN
banksel
CLRF
CLRF
banksel
clrf
clrf
banksel
TMR1H
TMR1H
TMR1L
GENPulselengthH
GENPulselengthH
GENPulselengthL
PORTB
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfts
goto
BSF
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfsc
goto
btfss
goto
BcF
btfsc
return
banksel
movfw
banksel
movwf
banksel
movfw
banksel
movwf
banksel
bsf
nop
return
flags,3
main
PORTB,6
$-4
flags,3
main
PORTB,6
$-3
calculate
TimeError ;(ceb-gen)
btfsc
goto
banksel
movfw
subwf
movwf
btfsc
goto
comf
incf
sublw
movwf
incf
goto
movfw
subwf
movwf
btfss
goto
nop
errorfre
movfw
movwf
movfw
movwf
movlw
movwf
call
nop
TICON.
flags,3
main
PORTB,6
$-3
flags,3
main
PORTB,6
$-3
TICON,
flags,2
TMR1H
TMR1H
GENPulselengthH
GENPulselengthH
TMR1L
TMR1L
GENPulselengthL
GENPulselengthL
flags
flags,4
flags,0
setdefoultpwm
GENPulselengthH
GENPulselengthL
CEBPulselengthL.w
errorL
STATUS,0
$+5
errorL, 1
errorL,0
Oxff
errorL
GENPulselengthH,0
$+2
GENPulselengthH
CEBPulselengthH.w
errorH
STATUS,0
;if error is minus
setdefoultpwm
;error minus
;error ok
errorH
AARGBO
errorL
AARGB1
0x08
BARGBO
UDIV1608L
movfw
addlw
btfsc
goto
movfw
movwf
AARGBO
Oxff
STATUS,0
setdefoultpwm
AARGB1
errorfrequ
movfw
sublw
btfsc
goto
nop
movlw
MOVWF
CALL
INT_TERM_H
0x01
STATUS, Z
PLD add
integral
OxOA
BARGBO
UDIV1608L
flag,
1
A D D J N T TERM
B'00010100'
INT_TERM_H,
TEMP2
TEMP2, 7
ADDJNTTERM
PIDadd
B'l 1101100'
INT_TERM_H,
TEMP2
TEMP2, 7
ADD INT TERM
PID_add
clrf
clrf
;set intigeal term
movfw
movwf
movfw
movwf
movlw
MOVWF
call
movfw
addwf
movfw
addwf
PiDRESH
PID_RES_L
INT_TERM_L;
AARGB1
INTTERM H
AARGBO
0x05
BARGBO
UDIV1608L
AARGB1
PID_RES_L,1
AARGBO
PID RES H,1
clrf
movfw
movwf
movlw
movwf
call
AARGBO
errorfrequ
AARGB1
0x02
BARGBO
UDIV1608L
movfw
movwf
movlw
AARGB1
AARGBO
0x05
F
F
F
movwf
call
BARGBO
UMUL0808L
movfw
movwf
movfw
movwf
AARGBO
PROP_TERM_H
AARGB1
PROP_TERM_L
addwf
BTFSC
INCF
movfw
addwf
PID_RES_L,l
STATUS, C
PID_RES_H,
PROP_TERM_H
PID_RES_H,1
movfw
banksel
movwf
PIDRES L
CCPR1L~
CCPR1L
banksel
bcf
bcf
return
flags
flags,5
flags,4
set_defoult_para
movlw
movwf
banksel
movwf
return
0x20
PWM
CCPR1L
CCPR1L
PID
btfsc
goto
flags,0
setdefoultpwm
setdefoultpwm
banksel
BSF
movlw
movwf
return
T2CON
T2CON,2
0x28 ; L= duty*2
CCPR1L
=div
UDIV1608L
MOVLW
MOVWF
GLOBAL
UD1V1608L
CLRF
REMBO
8
LOOPCOUNT
RLF
AARGBO,W
LOOPUI6O8A
RLF
REMBO, F
BARGBO,W
MOVF
SUBWF
REMBO, F
STATUS,0
BTFSC
GOTO
UOK68A
REMBO, F
ADDWF
STATUS,0
BCF
AARGBO, F
UOK68A
RLF
DECFSZ
GOTO
LOOPCOUNT, F
LOOPUI6O8A
CLRF
TEMP
MOVLW
MOVWF
LOOPCOUNT
LOOPUI6O8B
RLF
AARGB1,W
RLF
REMB0, F
TEMP, F
RLF
BARGBO,W
MOVF
SUBWF
REMB0, F
AARGB5
CLRF
CLRW
BTFSS
STATUS,0
INCFSZ
AARGB5,W
SUBWF
TEMP, F
BTFSC
GOTO
MOVF
ADDWF
CLRF
CLRW
BTFSC
INCFSZ
ADDWF
BCF
UOK68B
RLF
DECFSZ
GOTO
STATUS,0
UOK68B
BARGBO,W
REMB0, F
AARGB5
STATUS,0
AARGB5,W
TEMP, F
STATUS,0
AARGB1,F
LOOPCOUNT, F
LOOPUI6O8B
return
UMUL0808L
CLRF AARGB1
MOVLW 0x08
MOVWF LOOPCOUNT
MOVF AARGBO,W
LOOPUMO8O8A
RRF BARGBO, F
BTFSC STATUS,0
GOTO LUM0808NAP
DECFSZ LOOPCOUNT, F
GOTO LOOPUMO8O8A
CLRF AARGBO
RETLW 0x00
LUM0808NAP
BCF STATUS,0
GOTO LUM0808NA
LOOPUMO8O8
RRF
BARGBO, F
BTFSC STATUS,0
ADDWF AARGBO, F
LUM0808NA
RRF AARGBO, F
RRF AARGB1, F
DECFSZ
LOOPCOUNT, F
GOTO
LOOPUMO8O8
return