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translation r111olarlr u01d In "Awako!" Is lh Now World Translotlon ol tho Holy Sorhrtaroo, 1961
Whn othr tranolatlono oro nod, t-!1 Is c!oorly martod
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CONTENTS
The Money Crisis
How Safe Is Your Money?
Things Money Cannot Buy
Serve with What You Have
Ghana's Supreme Court Upholds
Freedom of Worship
Wood Carving and the Wakamba
The Religious Background
21
23
24
27
29
12
15
16
18
20
Volume XLVIII
JANUARY 8, 1961
Number 1
195~5,-'-:Si-7-,:;:S9C,-'~i'-1--,-T--,--=;
1BO,OOO ~=t=t=tllll!~~~~~~
The majority
of American
4ebtors
do not have
sufficient
liquid assets, that is, cash or
something that can be quickly
and easily converted to cash, to 1JS,OOO
cover their debts. One-third of
all families that annually earn
between $5,000 and $7,500 and 90/JOO
almost one-fourth of those that
make up to-$10,000 a year have
no assets in the bank. It has
been estimated that nearly a
third of all American families
have less than $500 they could
readily put their hands on.
That living on credit has become a way
of life for far too many families is indicated by the way consumer credit for
such things as automobiles, personal loans,
charge accounts, and so forth, has shot up
since 1940. In that year the consumer
credit that was outstanding was over $8,000,000,000. In 1966 it was over $87,000,000,000, more than ten times as much.
Too many people today are up to their
necks in deb't, with years of their future
income already spent. What would happen
to them if a recession came along and
the wage earner Jost his job?
With so many families in an overextended position, a downturn in business could
snowball into an extremely serious situation for the nation's economy. Foreclosures and bankruptcies would skyrocket. Already the rate of foreclosures is
the highest since the 1930's, even though
this is a time of prosperity. In 1955 there
were 28,529 foreclosures of nonfarm real
estate. In 1965 this figure jumped to
116,664.
Personal bankruptcies are now being
filed in record numbers. They have increased every year since 1955. In that year
59,404 bankruptcies were filed, but in
4
STATES
RESERVES
----~- .
Is a Recession Unavoidable.'
Sharp differences of opinion swirl about
the question of a TecesSion. The chiei
economist of the Bank of America dOE;!S
not believe that a recession is due. "Our
country," he said, "is not in serious eco
nomic trouble. The economy now faces
neither galloping inflation nor recession,
although isolated symptoms of both will
be evident through the year."
Taking an opposite view, stockmarket
analyst E. George Schaefer warned, on
July 30, 1966, that the stock market in
the United States was headed for a bear
AWAKE!
JANUARY 8, 196"/
A mass demand
for cash by the
public could soon
deplete those reserves.
The insurance agencies could call upon
the Treasury for a certain amount of ad
ditional funds, and, in a grave emergency,
Congress would probably pump more Fed
9
JO
AWAKE!
11
man
,
A deep in snow one morning looking at
what was left of his factory. had burned
FIFTY-TWO-YEAR-OLD
stood ankle-
It
answer.
"You have a wonderful wife, devoted
children, friends, neighbors, your health,
and you say you have lost everything. Suppose you lost these instead of your factory; then how would you feel?" inquired
the friend.
The owner suddenly realized that
through the years he had become 1so engrossed in making a living that he lost
sight of the things that count most in life,
things money cannot buy.
12
old age sets in, what can money do to .re~ in his mind that, what little wealth fails
store one's lost youthful vigor? When to give, great wealth will accomplish.
health fails, what joy, hope or satisfaction Hence he hungers for more. That hWlger
is there in knowing that one's vault is increases as it is indulged in. With his
filled with money? Jesus Christ asked this wealth he can buy goods, but not bappi~
searching question: "What benefit will it ness.
American statesman Benjamin Frankbe to a man if he gains the whole world
but forfeits his soul? or what will a man lin truthfully observed: "Money never
give in exchange for his soul?'' (Matt. made a man happy yet, nor will it. There
16:26) Yes, what will you give for your is nothing in its nature to produce hap~
life as a human soul?
piness. The more a man has, the more
The sensible thing is to realize that he wants. Instead of its filling a vacuum,
money has limitations, that it cannot buy it makes one. If it satisfies one Wallt, it
everything and that
dQubles and trebles
there are things far
that want another
ARTICLES IN TilE NEXT ISSUE
'
way. That was a
more valuable
than
e Religion an/the Bible in Communist
money. Life is not to
Runia.
true proverb of the
e What Makes a Good Secretary?
be compared with
wise man, rely upon
The Chiropractor-Cultist or Curer?
money. You cannot
it: 'Better is little
Friendliness Is Contagious.
buy life with money;
with the fear of the
for that you must
Lord than great trealook to God. Npr can money buy a child's sure and trouble therewith.' " That provdevction, a mOther's affection, a father's erb came from the Bible.
COmli3SSion.
If you were blind, living your days in Spiritual Treasures That Money
Cannot Buy
darkness, what would you give to be able
Treasures such as spiritual wisdom and
to see? How much would it be worth to
see your family and friends? What price understanding of God's Word and purpose
for a glorious sunset, for a chance to see bring genuine happiness. Declares Proverbs 3:13, 14: "Happy is the man that
a flower grow and blossom?
Block out all sound from your ears has found wisdom, and the man that gets
someday. It is shocking how empty and discernment, for havirlg it as gain is better
lonely a place this earth can suddenly be~ than having silver as gain and having it as
come without the pleasant words of a produce than gold itself.''
Better than gold, the spiritual treasure
loved one, the sound of laughter, the voice
of
divine wisdom can restore happiness to
of a child, the song of birds, the enjoythe
most depressed persons. One man lost
ment of music and the hum of everyday
all
purpose
in living when his seventeenlife. Even the sound of your own voice is
year-old
son
died. But after he began a
a reassuring treasure. Yet the joy of hearstudy
of
the
Bible
with the Christian witing is something money cannot buy.
nesses
of
Jehovah,
this man's mother
The Bible speaks of "the deceptive power of riches." (Matt. 13:22) It is deceptive wrote: "He used to say, 'What's the usebecause the one who seeks it usually fails r have no purpose for living now.' But
to realize its limitations. He is deceived, since he's been studying the Bible, he can
because he never finds in riches the satis- eat, and best of all, he has a hope for the
faction that he seeks. He falsely assumes future.'' A twenty-eight-year-old nurse
JANUARY 8, 1967
13
sUffered a mental breakdown while study- her money, in aiding others to study the
ing for examinations. Her prosperous par- Bible. Now she says: "I have something
ents spent much money on psychiatric that money cannot buy, and that is peace
treatment. When she threatened suicide, of mind and Jehovah's blessing." Truly,
a doctor declared her a hopeless case. Af- the greater happiness comes from giving,
ter the failure of all that money could buy for the Lord Jesus Christ himself said:
in the way of medical science, this woman "There is more happiness in giving than
began a study of the Bible. Her health there is in receiving." The joy and blesspicked up immediately, and friends were ing of aiding others especially in a spiriamazed. "I now have something to live tual way make one richer than any
for," she explained to her perplexed doc- amount of money could: "The blessing of
tor as she told him about God's new order Jehovah-that is what makes rich, and he
of righteousness. Money cannot buy the adds no pain with it."-Acts 20:35; Prov.
wisdom and discernment that bring true 10:22.
happiness.
And what sum of money can compare
Nor can money buy the fruitage of with the spiritual treasure of the prospect
God's holy spirit. Describing this spiritual of everlasting life? Money, of course, cantreasure, the Bible says: "The fruitage of not buy life even in this system of things,the spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, much less everlasting life in God's new
kindness, goodness, faith, mildness, self- order. Yet this is God's promise to those
control." (Gal. 5:22, 23) Think what it who love him and do his will; it is the
means to have these qualities! For in- "hope of the everlasting life which God,
stance, how rewarding it is to have inner who cannot lie, promised before times long
peace and serenity, the knowledge that one lasting." (Titus 1:2; 1 John 2:17) And
has God's approval! In this day of world- concerning this hope the apostle Paul
wide strife, having the "peace of God that wrote to Timothy: "Get a firm hold
excels all thought" is precious indeed, for on the everlasting life." He called life
it will "guard your hearts and your men- everlasting "the real life." (1 Tim. 6:12,
tal powers by means of Christ Jesus." 19) Showing why money cannot buy "the
(Phil. 4:7) None of the fruits of God's real life," Jesus Christ said: "God loved
spirit can be bought with money. They the world so much that he gave his onlycan be obtained only by shwming the begotten Son, in order that everyone exmoney-loving spirit of this world and by ercising faith in him might not be deconforming to God's will, by prayer to stroyed but have everlasting life." (John
God for his holy spirit, letting this new 3:16) Can money buy faith? No, a:hd neiforce actuate one's mind.-1 Cor. 2:12-15; ther can money buy the gift of everlasting
life on a paradise earth, after this system
Luke 11:13.
Another spiritual treasure of surpassing of things comes to its end.
value is the joy of aiding others to learn
God's truth and to see the change it brings When Money Is Passe
Jesus Christ warns that the money of
in their lives. One young woman, on learning God's purpose as set out in the Bible, this system of things is destined to berealized that she was making a mistake in come a thing of the past, utterly worthapplying all her efforts to getting ahead less. Wisely, then, he told his disciples:
financially. She changed her course in life, "Use your worldly wealth to win friends
began to spend time, as well as some of for yourselves, so that when money is a
14
AWAKE!
15
T)AUL and Edmund are young schoolboys who are being raised by Godfearing parents and guardians. Paul, while ii
small in stature and somewhat shy, is
friendly to all; Edinund, the younger of
the two, is more outgoing and expressive.
However, with regard to worship of Jehovah God and belief in his Word the Holy i
Bible, both boys express a deep faith, and
they are active in the local congregation
of Jehovah's witnesses at Abodom, Ghana. Edmund put it this way: "We are quite
concerned about being obedient to our
heavenly Father, even if this means that
we will have difficulties with rules made
='"'C.-.~---------,
Ghana&
SUPREME COURT
UPHOLDS
by men."
Face to Face with the Challenge
As Paul and Edmund gathered with the
rest of their schoolmates in the schoolyard
on March 9, 1964, little did they realize
that their obedience to Jehovah and their
faith in him were to be brought under
test. The flag was hoisted and the children around them raised their hands and
recited the pledge as part of the morning
exercises. But the Bible-trained consciences of these two youths would not permit
them to participate in these actions. So,
according to their custom, they stood
quietly in line out of respect for the flag
and the rights of others.
After the group of students was dismissed to their classes, the two young Witnesses were called to the office of the head
teacher. A demand was made for them to
explaill why they had refused to raise
their hands when the flag was hoisted.
Paul explained: "We cannot do so because it is against our belief and we feel
it is like giving worship to another god."
Edmund drew attention to the Bible, quoting from the book of Daniel (chapter 3):
"We follow the example of the three Hebrews when they were commanded, 'You
fall down and worship the image of gold
16
{'
- .
- -
-~-~~-------
.. ___.!
By "Awoke!" correspondent
in Kenya
HE
18
19
FLAMENCO DANCING
20
N WALKING
into your
house, would you
like to hear the patter of little feet run,ning to greet you, see arms
outstretched, face upturned
in joyous expectation, and hear
squeals and coos of delight because of your return? You would?
Then you would like a gibbon.
Here in Laos many Americans and
other "foreigners" enjoy having 'them
for pets as much as the Lao people do.
And after having had one, it is hard
for them to go back to a dog or cat.
Even parrots and monkeys are ordinary
by comparison.
Yes, monkeys are quite different from
gibbons, both in appearance and personality. Gibbons are long-armed and have
no tail; they are little apes; and while
monkeys are interesting to watch for half
an hour or so at a zoo, gibbons are an
unending fascination combining the grace
of a ballerina and the gawkiness of a slapstick comedian. When taken as a pet, a
gibbon, or tunny, as it is called in the Lao
language, will win its way into your heart
as a child would.
Monkeys walk on all fours, but a gibbon
stands up, though not as efficiently as a
man; thus zoologists regard the gibbon, as well
as all the apes, as being
essentially four-legged.
Watching the gibbon
walk on the ground
is an amusing experience. To walk on
its two legs this tree
animal has to balance itself with its
JANUARY 8, 1961
By "Awake!"
correspondent in Laos
22
The Asian tiger is a versatile cat, being an expert swimmer, a jumper and a
climber. In fact, tigers are known to have swum the five-mile strait between Malaya
and Penang. As a jumper, Asia's big cat is able to cover fifteen feet or more in
a single bound. And the tiger is "a born climber," says George G. Goodwin, Asso
ciate -Curator of the Department of Mammals of the American Museum of Natural
History. As Richard Perry reports in his volume The World of the Tiger: "A young
tiger in Assam was seen lying flat on a branch, 60 feet up a soft-skinned tree
that was branchless for its first 45 feet." Asia's biggest cat is extraordinary indeed!
JANUARY 8, 1967
23
HE beautiful islands
T of Samoa in the
South Pacific, with their tropical climate,
their coral-girt shores, their lush vegetation, dreamy lagoons and happy inhabitants, seem out of place as a backdrop for
power play by the three leading naval
powers of the late nineteenth century. Yet
it" was in this idyllic setting that international rivalry threatened to break out
into savage conflict. How could such a
critical situation arise? And what were
the considerations that moved rival nations so close to a fatal rupture?
To get the answers to these questions,
it is necessary to learn a few facts about
the history of Samoa and her relations
with the Western world. The primitive and
carefree islanders once led a life that required a minimum of work and responsibility. The soil produced delicious fruits
that they could harvest almost without
effort; bananas1 guavas, avocados, mangoes, custard apples and many others. The
surrounding ocean abounded with edible
fish of every sort. There was plenty of
time for water sports and for the canoebuilding that earlier gained for this group
the name of Navigators Islands.
But things began to change with the
advent of the -white men. During the centuries explorers, adventurers, whalers,
pearl divers of many nations used and
abused the facilities and the inhabitants
of Samoa. Unscrupulous traders took to
purchasing or even kidnapping Samoans
for service as slaves in the plantations operated by European colonial powers, in
eastern Australia and elsewhere. Soon
missionaries of Christendom came to in24
traduce new customs and ceremonies. The ways of "civilized" men began
to rub off and the simple Samoans learned
about hypocrisy and commercial greed.
The white man's diseases began to take a
toll of life in these islands. By the mtter
part of the nineteenth century almost all
Samoans were said to have been "Christianized."
There were other developments also.
White men, Germans, Americans and Britishers, came, not merely as visitors, but
to settle down in Samoa. The equable climate and the easy life appealed to them.
Many of them took Samoan wives. Officials representing the governments of Germany, Great Britain and the United States
soon followed, to care for their respective
nationals and trade interests. Consular officers began to influence the local tribal
government.
International Rivalry
The nineteenth centwy, keep in mind,
was the era of the steamship fueled by
coal, as well as the era of colonial expansion by all the world's naval powers. Distant colonies required long voyages, and
this, in turn, led to a search for strategically placed bases that would prove useful
as safe harbors and coaling stations for
naval and merchant vessels. Thus we can
begin to comprehend the interest in the
possibilities of the Samoas manifested by
the Western nations. Here was an island
group most conveniently located for several main ocean routes connecting the
Americas with colonies and possessions in
the Far East!
AWAKE./
An Unexpected Contender
On the evening of March 15 the weather
already began to assume a menacing as.r
The Outcome
As the tempest abated a sorry spectacle
met the gaze of survivors of the catas~
trophe. The beach was littered with debris
and wreckage of ships and forest trees.
Naked corpses Jay along the island's sea~
board. Ninety~two German crewmen and
fifty~four American officers and sailors
were among the victims. Some had been
swept overboard, some had been knocked
out by heavy pieces of debris propelled
through the air by the hurricane's force,
and others were drowned in the attempt
to reach shore through the boiling seas.
National interests receded into the back~
26
AWAKE!
;Psalm 145:24.
JANUARY 8, 1961
r.-:;d lh
nrli~k
<'11--.f>v"
+ For
+ At
*China'sresolution
asking for Red
inclusion in the United
Red China Rebuffed
A
*Churches
The National Council of
reported that fortyChurch Contributions Up
30
Reunion with
*Athenagoras
The Ecumenical Patriarch
I, head of the
Rome
AWA.KE!
+ Superintendent
of Chicago
police, Orlando W, Wilson,
on November 14, blamed
the United States Supreme
Court and civil-rights disorders
for helping to create a "time
of lawlessness and irresponsibility" in America. Speaking
in Washington, D.C., Wilson
said: "We are living in an
age which defies comparison.
... Some characterize it as a
time of social revolution and
individualism. But, In all
honesty, I think we must also
characterize it as {l time of
lawlessness and Irresponsibility. It is a time when the Supreme Court of the United
States releases confessed crim-
+ About
THE RIDGEWAY
LONDON N.W. 7
JANUARY 8, 1961
Po~tal
Dlstrlct No.
.. CountY .
31
The WATCHTOWER
I Yar, 7/6 lfar A111tralia, $1; far Sauth Africa, 70cl
WATCH TOWER
THE RIDGEWAY
LONDON N.W. 7
Please send me Th.e Watch.towur for one year. 1 am enclosing 7/6 (tor Australia, $1: for South
Africa, 70c). For malllng the coupon I am to receive free the timely booklets When An Natlom
Unite Under God's Kingdom 0.JVhen God l8 King over Ali the Earth and "Pe<we Among Men of
Good Will" nr Armageddon-w h;ch ~
str~et
N~e
"""
Town .......
and Number
In: AUSTRALIA= 11 Beresford Rd., Strathfield. N.S.W. CANADA= 150 Rridgeland Ave., Toronto 19, Ont. SOUTH
AFRICA= Private Bag 2, P.O. ElandSfonteln, Tran$vaal. UNITED &TATES= ,17 Adams St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201.
32
AWAKE!
4,475,000
Sl
""
'f~
?Oo
tho abovo
lie ""t to the olllce In
remlttnoc to Brooklyn.
l.oot tw~ !Bam bofore
Tho Blblo '"'"'la!lon r~1lar!y ""~ In ''Awato~" Is tho Now World Tronslallon of t~o Holy Sorlptor.,, 1961 odltlon.
Whon othor trar,.latlons """ o10d, thlo 11 oloarly narlcod.
CONTENTS
Friendliness Is Contagious
Religion and the Bible
in Communist Russia
What Makes a Good Secretary?
Why So Precious?
ManDa and Its Quest for Peace
The Syrian Bathhouse
The Chiropractor------Cultist or Curer?
3
5
9
11
12
15
16
21
23
26
21
HEN someone
leaving or entering a room holds
the door open for
you, how do you
feel? When a person
smiles and extends
his hand to shake yours, what
is your response? What is your
reaction when somebody says
a nice thing about you?
Would any of the above gestures by another person make
you angry? On the contrary,
they are far more likely to
make you glad. The usual reaction to friendly acts or words
is a smile, a thank you, a kindly feeling toward the friendly one.
Such positive reactions are nonnal.
They are the way most people respond to
the quality of friendliness. By far the majority of humans appreciate a friendly
person, like being arowld him and are
made happier by his association, Truly, it
is difficult to dislike a sincerely friendly
person, unless it is out of jealousy. On the
other hand, most people avoid an unfriendly person if they have a choice.
Friendliness brings out the better nature of other people. It tends to make
them more friendly. Yes, friendliness is
contagious!
An example showing that friendliness is
is contagious
In this matter it might be said that Soviet opposition to the Bible furnishes an
answer to the professedly Christian theologians who speak of the "myths" of the
Bible. What accounts for the strange power that the!>e "myths" have so that one of
the world's most powerful nations feels
that it must protect itself against them?
The only explanation is that the Bible
has power because it is the truth, even as
Jesus Christ, the greatest Teacher of all
time, testified when on earth: "Your word
is truth!' (John 17:17) It supplies Christians with weapons that "are not fleshly,
but powerful by God for overturning
strongly entrenched things ... reasonings
and every lofty thing raised up against
the knowledge of God." (2 Cor. 10:4, 5)
As Jehovah God's prophet long ago stated
regarding the execution of God's Word:
"Is not my word correspondingly like a
fire, . . . and like a forge hammer that.
smashes the crag?"-Jer. 23:29.
Yes, it may seem strange that the Soviet government would ban the Bible's entry, but, then, perhaps it is not so strange.
The Bible is truly a book that imparts
power into people. It has a way of instilling into people strong convictions, a love
for freedom to serve God, and it imbues
people with a missionary zeal for a government that is far superior to anything that any of the ideologies of this
8
U/HIIT mRKES
A
10
not relying on others to catch her mistakes. Realizing that her job depends upon
how neat and accurate she is, she keeps
erasures at a minimum. She is productiOnminded, since she knows that the more
she produces, the more valuable she is to
her firm. This prevents her from wasting
the finn's time in making too many personal telephone calls, desk hopping with
the latest gossip and other such habits indulged in by some.
11
MANIL~
AND ITS
QUEST FOR
PEACE
12
220167
13
the entrance to Manlla Bay and on the retaken, there was the smell of death in
Bataan peninsula. For four years the city every street. It was not unusual to stumble
lived in fear. When the war ended, about upon a severed .foot, arm or head as one
a mUlion men and women had perished walked through the ruins. Manila was batthroughout the country, in Japanese gar- tered, bruised and bleeding, only one-fifth
risons and in guerrilla fighting. Towns alive. It received one of the worst poundwere razed, people were massacred as ings of any city during the second world
General Yamashita's troops retreated. war. Independence finally came in 1946.
But it was Manila that bore the brunt of
Since Manila knew the scourge of war
the bloodiest fighting
as few other cities,
of the war as the
perhaps one can betCOMING
IN
TilE NEXT ISSUE
American troops,
ter understand the
For Wl\om Do You Pray?
with the help of the
Philippine attitude
Tl\e Cl\urch in Commercial Buslnn
guerrillas, took the
toward the Manila
Ten Thousand Miles on a Raft.
houses one by one,
Conference and the
How D;ongerous Are Tumors?
street by !:.'treet, with
way many in Manila
rifle, bayonet and
interpret the comgrenade, from the outnumbered but tena- munique. For instance, an item in The
cious enemy.
Daily Mirror of Manila said:
Today there are still reminders of the
"The communique also shows that efwar. In a hydrofoil boat we speed across forts of President Marcos to infuse a
the bay to Corregidor Island. We climb its somewhat soft tone in the conference got
rocky sides and walk through its tunnels. steamrollered to nowhere by the hawks
The long guns are silent now, but, at the who prevailed throughout. In plain lanstart of hostilities, they prev.ented the guage, the communique could read this
Japanese fleet for four and a half months way: 'Now hear this, you g1,1ys in Hanoi,
from entering the bay. Military men claim we folks are still in the mood to talk peace
that the action here upset the Japanese but if it's still fight you want, that's what
timetable for the conquest of southeast you'll get and plenty more!' Whatever
Asia by half a year. It gave MacArthur 'peace' atmosphere there was at the start
and his forces time to regroup and fight of the conference immediately vanished
back.
when General Westmoreland, commanderOver there is Fort Santiago, where Jose in-chief of the almost half a million AmerRizal, the national hero and author of a ican troops in Vietnam, briefed the
novel exposing the Spanish priests in his conferees on military gains, with the recnative islands, spent his last few hours. He ommendation that more troops are needed
was executed by a firing squad on Decem- to preserve these gains and achieve some
ber 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan, now the more."
magnificent Luneta Park. During the JapDoes this sound like the way the rna tter
anese occupation hundreds died in Fort was reported in the land where you live?
Santiago. One almost hears the screams of If not, then perhaps it helps you to realize
dying men echoing through the dark cor- that the news does not read the same
ridors while tortured by the secret police everywhere. It is frequently slanted quite
called Kempei-tai.
strongly toward the viewpoint of the ones
In the early months after Manila was in power.
14
AWAKE/
15
16
Opposition to Chiropractors
Chiropractors have met up with much
opposition on the part of the medical profession. After many years of opposition
in the United S~tes, where they had their
beginning and where the vast majority of
them practice, they are being legally recognized in all but the two states of Louisiana and Mississippi. Chiropractors are
recognized in many other countries, such
as Canada, Mexico, Bolivia, Australia,
New Zealand and Switzerland; and in
many other lands, such as Great Britain,
France and Germany, they are not interfered with so long as they practice solely
chjropractic, even though not offlciaJJy
licensed. In fact, chiropractic has become
the largest drugless healing specia~ty. In
'the United States chiropractOrs are being
given ever more recognition by insurance
and other business corporations and by
governmental agencies.
Generally, it is the leaders in organized
medicine rather than the rank and file of
medical practitioners that oppose chiropractic. Representative is the attitude taken by Dr. Marc. Trudel, president of Que
bee College of Physicians and Surgeons.
AWAKE!
17
18
AWAKE!
according to one SWiss surgeon, 'the number of one's candidates. for operations de-creases in proPortion to the inclusion of
manipulation among other conservative
measures.' 9
ute back pain to ruptured discs and to op- of manipulation of the joints of the back.
erate. Today, however, more and more This is only what we should expect, once
leading ~rthopedists recommend conserva- we realize that the joints in question are
tive treatment, at least to begin with. Anfit just as much joints in every detaU as are
JANUARY
.ez, 1961
19
those of the extremities. The only difference is that, from the very nature of their
shape and movement and the stresses that
are laid upon them, they are more liable
to 'lock' with the creation of a 'lesion.'
Local pain would thus be caused, and relief would reasonably be expected to follow manipulative treatment if properly
applied in suitable cases. . . . It is thus
that many patients claim, and quite rightly, the cure of widesRread symptoms as
the result of spinal manipulation."n
tion Society for Chiropractic." The purpose of it is to better acquaint its members with the principles and mechanics of
chiropractic so that they can apply these
in their prR.ctice. 13 In view of this interest
in chiropractic in Germany it is not at all
surprising to read of G. Zillinger, M.D., of
the University of Kiel Psychiatric Clinic,
as saying: "An explanatory introduction
to chiropractic is no longer necessary. The
manipulation of the spine is gaining favor
in a wide circle of doctors, or at least a
strong interest in it. Among patients it
Some Credit Chiropractic
has almost become the fashion to let oneAs a rule even those of t~e medical self be treated by chiropractic, be it by the
profession who appreciate the value of ma- few in Germany who have been trained
nipulation carefully avoid having some- professionally in the United States or by
thing favorable to say about chiropractic. physicians who have familiarized themselves with this method of treatment."
But there are exceptions:
Thus wrote W. B. Parsons, M.D.: "The -Hippokrates, September 15, 1957.
reason we took up manipulation was an
interest in backache, with the early dis- Chiropractic's Challenge
Chiropractic as a method of cure might
covery that many patients who failed to
respond to routine medical treatment went be said to present a challenge to more
to a manipulator and received immediate than' one group of persons. First of all,
relief. This discovery was followed by the it presents a challenge to the regular mediacceptance of the classic advice, 'If you cal profession, especially in the United
can't whip 'em, join 'em,' at least to the States, to examine chiropractic with an
extent of borrowing their technique." open mind.
-Canadian Medical Association Journal;
To the chiropractic profession there are
also challenges. One is not to exaggerate
July 15, 1958.
Likewise openly crediting chiropractic, or overstate the case for chiropractic. AnG. Gutmann, M.D., of Hamm, Germany, other is the obligation to make progress,
writes: "On the basis of our experience to recognize the advancement made by
accumulated over the years, we believe others and to utilize it.
that we may declare that many costly and
Then there is the challenge that chirotime-consuming tests, many treatments practic presents to the individual chiroadding up in time to high costs, periods practor. Are you as dedicated to the serspent in clinic or sanatorium, [etc.] vice of your fellowman as you ought to
would be superfluous if the manipulativ~e be? Are you ambitious to get as rich as
therapy called chiropractic were applied possible as quickly as possible, or are you
as to diagnosis, indications and technic.'' 12 eager to help as many sufferers as posFar from avoiding the term "chiroprac- sible while at the same time hoping to
tic," today in Germany there is an asso- earn a comfortable living? Are you enciation of more than 1,000 medical men thusiastic about chiropractic while at the
with the name "Medical Research and Ac- same time recognizing its limitations? Can
20
AWAKE!
your patients trust you fully in every respect? Are you keeping up-to-date with
chiropractic progres~:>? What is the appearance of your office and person? Do
they front well for your profession?
While patients maY not generally appreciate the fact, chiropractic also represents a challenge to them. Since chiropractic is a matter of cooperating with
the forces in the bOdy for the sake of
health, do you do your part? Do you
watch your posture? If a woman, do you
wear shoes with sensible heels? Are you
moderate in your work and eating habits
and in recreation? Do you give your chiropractor the opyortunity to help you all he
can by doing all that you can?
Chiropractic has its virtues; it also has
limitations. That is why Awake!, while
publishing what appears to be the truth
about chiropractic, does not advocate it
above other methods of treatment. Without a doubt all have some good in them,
some more than others, some more for
1 Vertebral
Brown (1934).
6 International Clinics, No. 4, p, 184 (1920)
(1966)~
21
22
HEAT is more
widely grown
in the world than
any other food
crop. About 9 billion bushels are
.P!:"Oduced every
year. Although it is
grown mostly in
temperate regions,
its range stretches
from the Arctic
Circle to the high
plateaus of the
equator in Ecuador.
It is raised in altitudes that vary
from below sea level to about 10,000
feet. Once it is sown
as one of the cereal grains that was cultivated in the days of Jacob, more than
1,700 Years before our Conunon Era. That
it is basically the same today as it was
in ancient ,times is evident from kernels of
it foWld in Egyptian tombs, where they
have been preserved until our day.-Gen.
30:14.
of a mixture of wheat strains, both bearded and beardless, and was exported under
the name of Rosaf. This was a wheat of
high quality. From that time on, the Secretaria del Estado de Agricultura de la
These various trucks are seen hurrying is very high. A half cup of wheat germ
back and forth between the loading lo- contains more protein than one-quarter
cations and the storage elevators, where _pound of beef. It is rich in phosphorous,
the wheat is destined either for export or manganese, magnesium, copper and pofor local milling.
tassilml, as well as the B vitamins ,and
vitamin E. The wisdom of removing so
Production of Flour
much of the natural food value from
There are many different kinds of flours, wheat flour and attempting to replace
and they are milled to fit the needs of some of it with artificial vitamins and
those who use them. Bread bakers buy then adding a variety of chemicals is cerstrong high-protein flours; cake and cook- tainly questionable.
ie manufacturers get soft wheat :Hours
Not every variety of wheat is adaptable
and housewives buy all-purpose flours for for baking. Some types are better for makhome baking.
ing pastas, such as Spaghetti, macaroni
In the milling process the white inner and noodles. Others serve well for pastries.
part of the wheat kernel is separated from There are even different varieties of wheat
the outer layers and from the central part for different kinds of bread.
known as the germ. This is what is ground
Because of its versatili"tr wheat is a
and sifted to produce white flour. It takes grain that is popular in almost every part
about 100 pounds of wheat to make 72 of the world. How tantalizing it is when,
poWlds of white flour. To whiten it fur- at almost any hour of the day, but espether a bleaching agent is added such as
cially before breakfast or the noonday
chlorine, nitrosyle chloride or benzoyl peroxide. Usually such :Hour is enriched with meal, one can smell the aroma of freshly
additions of iron, calcium and vitamin D, baked bread, whether it is French bread,
as well as such vitamins as niacin, thia- Italian bread, Russian bread, Syrian bread
mine and riboflavin. This is done to re- or the many types of bread enjoyed by the
place some of the vitamin cOntent and British, Americans and Latin Americans!
minerals that were lost in the milling pro-It is a delight to the eyes and to the
cess. By the time such :Hour is made into sense of smell to step into a bakeshop and
bread for eating, about sixteen chemicals see and smell the great variety of tasty
will have been added to it.
baked goods on display, almost all made
The outer covering of the wheat kernel from wheat. When one considers this vathat is removed in the milling process is riety as well as the many kinds of wheat
the bran that is used in some breakfast breakfast cereals and the wide range of
foods, breads and muffins. Most bran pro- conditions in which wheat can be grown,
duced by mills is used in animal feeds. the conclusion is inescapable that wheat
Wheat germ, a tiny lemon-yellow area at is a versatile cereal that plays an importhe base of a kernel, is also removed in tant role in feeding earth's hWlgry
the milling piT!cess. Its nutritional value multitudes.
25
Among the many expressions of appreciation for this is at hand.' Yes, this book has helped
for the new Bible-study aid Life Everlasting us to appreciate that, more than ever before,
......-in Freedom of the Sons of God that have Christianity is an urgent religion!
"Also we appreciated how understandingly
been received by the Watch Tower Society is
the following from one who has been in the this textbook was written. Its very chapter
full-time ministry for the past forty-two years. titles indicate this, such as 'God's Gift of Marriage.' Yes, it is indeed a precious gift-for
"Dear Brothers:
emotionally mature persons and those willing
"I must write to tell you how much I have to let it help them to emotional maturity. This
enjoyed and am enj~wing the new Life Ever chapter and the succeeding one, 'The Places
lasting book. Its contents brought real pleasure of Man and Woman in God's Arrangement,'
to us, my wife and me, as we read it through are filled with fine counsel as they trace God's
last summer while on our vacation. In recent way of dealing with his human creatures in
weeks I have come to appreciate it still more these matters.
because of using it in a study I am conducting
"And what a lot of fine points scintillate
with a trustee of a Baptist church who is through its pages! Just what is the 'great
very familiar with his Bible.
tribulation' and bow can the 'great crowd'
"This book calls to mind Jesus' first miracle be said to come out of it? Who are Christ's
in which the best wine was served last. What ambassadors and who are the envoys? Is there
a fine theme the book has, how timely, and such a thing as 'consensual marriage'? Such
how well it is developed from its opening chap expressions as 'palm branches' and 'temporary
ter on to its closing paragraphs! How well residents' have added meaning as a result of
it shows that instead of our first parents' reading this Bible-study aid. And as one who
being at once executed for their transgression professes to be of the 'remnant,' I have in
they were mercifully permitted to live but particular apprecl,ated how clearly this text
made subject to the bondage of vanity and book distinguishes between the 'remnant' and
frustration, and how true that is! Clearly it the 'other sheep,' as when discussing the sub
depicts the various kinds of bondage to which jects of baptism and the Lord's evening meal.
man is subject, not merely to political, eco
"Also -greatly appreciated was/ the liberal
nomic and social bondage-those the clergy documentation of this new Bible-study aid.
concentrate on-but man is also in bondage to More than a dozen different Bible translations
false religion, to demon forces, to sin, disease are cited if not also quoted. Surely no one can
and death! Aptly it shows that subjection to say that the arguments depend upon a Witness'
universal laws does not conflict with freedom translation of the Bible! In addition to copious
and the logic of submitting to the great Law Biblical support, ever so many recognized
maker. And how comforting to read of the authorities are cited, quoted, some at great
present 'Earth-wide Movement of "Men of length and time and again. Such documentation
Good Will" to Freedom,' and to be assured will especially appeal to the discriminating,
'that soon they will be enjoying 'A Paradise of scholarly reader. And what a help are the great
Freedom'!
number of references to the Watch Tower publi
"How soon? 1975? It was truly exciting to cations for those who want to pursue subjects
peruse the chart at the end of chapter 1 on further! Many also are the original Hebrew
'Significant Dates from Man's Creation to and Greek words given. Between thirty and
7000 A.M.' and yet how carefully the book forty of these are defined, explained and apworded matters: 'How appropriate it would plied in the course of the arguments presented,
be for Jehovah God to make of this coming all to strengthen and clarify the position and
seventh period of a thousand years a sabbath subject.
of rest and release.' Undoubtedly 'this would
"In closing I want to express my thanks to
be most timely for mankind,' and judging by Jehovah for using Christ's 'faithful and disthe fulfillment of such prophecies as that found creet slave' in such a remarkable manner to
in Matthew 24, we cannot escape it: Whether fulfill his promise that for his people the
1975 sees the beginning of the thousand-year bright light would become ever lighter.-Prov.
reign of Christ or not, 'the long-awaited time 4:18."
AWAKE!
26
ee,
1967
27
28
Illegal-Worship
Conviction Revenwd:
Spain's High Court has can
celed the fines imposed on five
witnesses of Jehovah who
were charged with illegally
gathering together to read and
discuss passages from the
Bible. The case was an appeal
from the fines imposed in the
southern city of Malaga by
the civil governor o.f the prov
ince, which action was then
confirmed by the director
general of the Interior. The
reversal of the, conviction was
viewed in the news as a sig
niflcant religious freedom test
case.
Drug-Reaction Problem
+ Reminding
one of the Bi
ble's prophecy of "food short
ages" for our day are the
words of Mary Ross, regional
nutrition officer of the Food
and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) of the United Nations,
who spoke at a dietitians con
vention: "We estimate about
one-half of the world's people
are underfed, badly fed-or
both." At least three mlllion
persons perish each year from
lack of protein food, it was
brought out, and the problem
is becoming more acute each
day.
"Death Valley" of the Deep
The Navy Electronics Laboratory at San Diego an
nounced in December that the
three.man submersible Deep
star had discovered a totally
sterile "Death Valley" where
fish rot. This strange valley
was found 3,(M)() feet deep ten
miles north of Catalina Island.
"The bottom was covered by
a brownishgray carpet of
dead organic material about
a centimeter (.4 of an inch)
deep," said one of the men
aboard Deepstar. "Nothing
was alive," explained another,
They found no trace of oxy.
gen. Though worms can live
without oxygen, not even a
worm hole could be found 1n
this desertlike ocean valley.
29
Youtbful SmokeD
+A
+ The
30
'Education
* The Secretary
of
and Welfare, John
+ At
some
o!
hiS
partRhloners
+A
twenty-year-old hunter
was shot by his dog in Louisiana. The hunter had his rifle
In the tront seat of his car.
When his dog jumped from
the back seat to the front seat,
the pet stepped on the trigger,
firing a bullet into the hunter's
.....
+
MAKE IT
The Watchtower
RIGHT?
LONDON N.W. 7
WATCH TOWER
THE RIDGEWAY
Pleue send me Th6 Wutchtowt~r tor one year. I arn enclosing 7/6 (for Australia, $1: tor South
Africa, 70c). For mailing the coupon I am to receive free the booklets Healing of the Nationll
Haa Drawn Near, Golf/11 Wall lB L(}'l]6 and When All Natlon11 Unite Under God'8 Ktngdom,
Name....................................................................
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....NUARY 88, 1961
.............
Town ....................................................................................... .
and Number
or Route and Box .......................................................... ..
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31
NOTICE
It's NEW ... Now available is the new
Watch Tower Publications Index 1966. It is your
guide to the wealth of informatjon to be found
in the Watch Tower Society's publications released during 1966. One of the roost v~luable features of all these marvelous Bible-study aids is
their ready reference for answers to Bible questions. Thousands of interesting and vital points
are highlighted throughout a year, yet you cannot possibly remember just where they are all
to be found. Now, with the new Watch Tower
Publications Index 1966, you can find all the outstanding points published for the entire year.
Publications covered: The Watchtower and
Awake! for 1966, the book Life Everlasting-in
Freedom of the Sons of
God~
1967 Yearbook of
THE RIDGEWAY
LONDON N.W. 7
] 19/.il-1985 (each, J/6 [for Australia, 50c: tor South Africa, 35<;]);
} 1930-1960 {each, 7/- [for Australia, $1; for South Africa, 70c]l. I am enclosing ______ ......
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Af-RICA; Private l.la;; 2, P.O. Elandsfontein, Transvaal. UNITED STATES: 117 Adam~ St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 1120L
32
FEBRUARY 8, 1967
4,475,000
'"'!
r'""":':"':':":"""':":"o"-,c::c::-----------,
CHANGES OF ADDRESS Ohoo!d rtaoh 10 1\lrty ~oyo
boforo yduf mo.ln11 jato. Gl as your ld and now
adrlr,.s (If P"''lble, )Our old addms labol). Wrlto
watth Towor. Watoh T....,r House, Tho Rhli"'"'
London N.W. 7, England.
~:nt<red
~-
y_
Tho Blblo tranolotltn ,.gularly nod In "Awako!" Is tho New Worl4 Translollon of tho Holy Sorlptum, 1961 odltlon.
Whon othor tronslatlono oro uoO!I, thlo Is oloarty marked.
CONTENTS
Taking Refuge in a Lie
21
13
16
21
balance, Judah
']"1HE need for a
1 refuge in this
reached a stage
when it would detime of mounting
world troubles is
cide in favor of the
something that is
strongest power,
agreed upon by men
Egypt or Assyria,
of all kinds. Some
whichever they
think that money
thought was strongalone furnishes adeer. Jerusalem apquate protection, despite the fact that pealed first to Assyria and, finally, when
wealth attracts thieves and the further that failed, Jerusalem took refuge in
fact that material possessions can dete- Egypt and concealed herself behind
riorate in value so suddenly. Others be- Egypt's armed might. When the feared
lieve that membership in some religious enemies, the Babylonian besiegers, once
group will prove to be a safeguard, even withdrew because Pharaoh's army was apthough these organizations often seek safe- proaching, the pro-Egyptian rulers felt
ty, not in God or in Christ, but in po- sure that they had a safe refuge to which
litical alliances and military might.
the enemy could never get. But what hapWhen clergymen support and advocate pened?
trusting in the United Nations organizaTo those rulers and priests of Jerusation, hailing it as mankind's "last hope lem, God's prophet declared: ''Because you
for peace," are they proving that they men have said: 'We have concluded a
are on the side of the truth, or are they covenant with Death; ... the overflowing
taking refuge in something that will never flash flood, in case it should pass through,
be able to accomplish what is claimed for will not come to us, for we have made a
it? Are they taking refuge in a lie? It is lie our refuge and in falsehood we have
a question worth investigating, for lives concealed ourselves'; therefore this is what
may well be in the balance.
the Lord Jehovah has said: ' ... the hail
In these troubled times we can learn a must sweep away. the refuge of a lie.'"
lesson from what happened in the eighth -Isa. 28:15-17.
century B.C.E. when the rulers and priests
So those rulers of Jerusalem made a lie
of Jerusalem claimed they had assured their refuge by trusting in a political althemselves of a refuge from disaster. Ju- liance that could not and did not save them
dah had turned from Jehovah God their from their enemies. Their "refuge of a
Deliverer to political alliances. Thrown off lie" was swept away when the Babylonian
TAI(!NIJ l(EFIJIJE
INA
LIE
FEBRUARY 8, 1961
For
Whom
Do
You
their individual needs. For example, when Jesus foresaw the trials of faith facing his apostle Peter, he
prayed that God would help Peter. As he told Peter:
"I have made supplication for you that your faith may
not give out."-Luke 22:32.
This concern for others is highlighted in the longest
prayer of Jesus that is recorded in the Bible. In it he
prayed regarding his disciples: "I make request concerning them; I make request, not concerning the
world, but concerning those you have given me . . .
.
Holy
Father, watch over them on account of 'your own
name ... I make request, not concerning these only,
but also concerning those putting faith in me through
their word; in order that they may all be one, just as
you, Father, are in union with me and I am in union
with you, that they also may be in union with us."
-John 17:1-26.
Do your prayers show as much concern with the interests of others? Do
you have the welfare of others so
For others bOlides younelf?
much at heart that it is something
What are appropriate thluga
you regularly speak to God about? Or
to pray in behalf of others?
do you pray only for yourself and for
personal interests? You have perhaps
FATHER is hap- noticed that there is a tendency for humans to think
py to see his first of themselves, even in their prayers to God.
children show
unselfish concern for others. Prayers for Yourself
This raises the questions: Is it selfish to pray in beIt makes his heart glad that
they think of ones besides half of yourself? Will God listen to and answer such
themselves; it is evidence that prayers? What determines whether he will or not?
In a model prayer that Jesus taught his disciples,
they are maturing, growing
up. Similarly, our heavenly he showed that personal requests for daily needs are
Father is pleased when we are quite proper. (Luke 11:1-4) However, many requests
interested in the welfare of besides those for daily necessities are also shown in
others. Especially is he glad the Bible to be acceptable. Jesus himself requested:
when our concern is sufficient "Father, glorify me alongside youtself with the glory
to move us WlSelfishly to pray that I had alongside you before the world was." This
in behalf of others.
personal petition was not presumptuous or selfish~ for
Jesus Christ set the perfect _it was in harmony with the reward God had promised
example in doing this. More Jesus for accomplishing His work on earth.-John
than any other human who 17:5.
ever lived, he had the interThe same can be said of King Solomon's prayer for
ests of others at heart. First discernment and wisdom, so as to judge God's people
FEBRUARY 8, 196"1
of value. Was not Peter benefited by Jesus' petitions to God in his behalf? Most
assuredly! For Peter was recovered from
his error and went on to become a real
support to others. (Luke 22:32) And were
not Jesus' prayers for God to watch over
and care for his followers answered? Yes,
Evidence of Christian Maturity
indeed! For only with God's blessing could
However, if prayers are said only for the early Christian congregation have
oneself, it evidences a lack of maturity. A grown and prospered in the face of such
mature person thinks of the interests of adversity.-John 17:9-11, 20-23.
others tao. First of all, he comes to appre
The close bond that existed among early
ciate his Creator. Consider all the fine Christians and the effectiveness Of their
things God has provided to make life pleas prayers is indicated by what occurred
ant-delicious foods to delight the senses, when Herod Agrippa arrested Peter for
air to breathe, glorious sunsets, snow- preaching. The Bible account says: "Concapped mountains, green valleys, rushing sequently Peter was being kept in the
6
AWAKE!
prison; but prayer to God for him was being carried on intenSely by the congregation." God listened to these petitions.
They carried weight with him. He was
happy that his children manifested such
unselfish concern for a companion. So
what did He do? Why, God sent an angel
and miraculously released Peter from prison!-Acts 12:3-17.
The apostle Paul also deeply appreciated
the value of prayers of others, and so repeatedly asked for them. In his first letter to the Thessalonians he requested:
"Brothers, continue in prayer for us."
(1 Thess. 5:25) In his second letter:
"Brothers, carry on prayer for us."
(2 Thess. 3:1) He wrote the Colossians:
"Be persevering in prayer ... at the same
time praying also for us." (Col. 4:2, 3)
To the Romans he said: "Exert yourselves
with me in prayers to God for me." (Rom.
15:30) He requested the Hebrew Christians: "Carry on prayer for us." (Heb.
13:18) Acknowledging the value of thei'r
prayers, he told the Corinthians: "You
also can help along by your supplication
for us."-2 Cor. 1:11.
In his letter to Philemon of the congregation of Colossae, Paul expressed high
hopes in connection with their prayers:
"I am hoping that through the prayers of
you people I shall be_ set at liberty for
you." (Philem. 22) That he was soon after released indicates the effectiveness of
the many prayers said in his behalf. It is
certainly a truth: "A righteous man's supplication, when it is at work, has much
force."-Jas. 5:16.
What to Pray in Behalf of Others
straits, it is only natural that you woUld worthily of Jehovah to the end of fully
pray to GfJd .in their behalf, requesting pleasing him as you go on bearing fruit
that he comfort and help them. But what in every good work!'-Col. 1:9, 10.
if they should be prospering and are in
How concerned Paul was for the Colosno particular danger or material need? Do sians, even though he apparently was not
you still pray for them? Paul prayed for acquainted with them personally! Why, he
Such persons. Note what he I'e9uested con- nev-er ceased praying for them; and note
cerning l'iis beloved Corinthiin brothers, how specific and meaningful his prayers
who apparently were quite well off ma- were. Yes, Paul desired that the Colas~
terially: "Now we pray to God that you sians gain God's favor and everlasting life.
may do nothing wrong ... but that you Do you render similar prayers to God in
may be doing what is fine."-2 Cor. 13:7. behalf of ones you may not even know
What an appropriate thing for which to personally?
Would you go even farther than that,
pray! That your dear ones "may do nothing wrong". but that they "may be doing and pray for persons who were trying to
what is fine." As parents, do you often hurt or kill you? Jesus encouraged his
reDder to God such prayers in behalf of followers to pray for even these, saying:
your children? Would it not be fitting to "Continue to love your enemies and to
pray for those persecuting you." (Matt.
do so? However, then it would only be
5:44) Jesus did. Concerning those who
proper that you work jn harmony with nailed him to the torture stake he prayed:
your prayers by regularly inculcating "Father, forgive them, for they do not
within your children a love for God's righ- know what they are doing." (Luke 23:34)
teous laws.
The faithful disciple Stephen did also.
When religious fanatics surrounded and
Prayers lor Nonacquaintances
started stoning him, Stephen cried out
But should prayers for others be limited with a strong voice: "Jehovah, do not
to loved ones or those with whom you are charge this sin against them." And after
personally acquainted? Not if you have saying this he fell asleep in death.-Acts
the true spirit of Christianity. Remember 7:58-60.
that Christ even prayed in behalf of those
What a loving, abundant heart Stephen
yet to put faith in him as a result of his had! How happy he must be to associate
disciples' preaching. (John 17:20) And in heaven with one of those who encourwhen the apostle Paul learned about the aged his stoning and for whom be prayed
faith and love of those in Colossae, per- --saul, whobecame the apostle Paul! God
sons whom he apparently had never visit- could see that Saul's heart was right, and
ed, he was moved to write them a warm so, in keeping with Stephen's prayer,
letter of encouragement. Observe what he called him to be his special representative.
-Acts 7:58; 8:1; 22:20.
said:
"That is also why we, from the day we
Certainly it is of value to pray, not only
heard of it [their 'love in a spiritual way'], for ourselves, but in behalf of others! Jehave not ceased praying for you and ask- hovah God is delighted to see in his sering that you may be fiJJed with the ac- vants unselfish concern for others, and
curate knowledge of his will in all wisdom he can indeed open the way to the answer...
and spiritual discernment, in order to walk ing of their prayers.
8
AWAKE!
THE
in
COMM RCIAL
U IN SS
FEBRUARY 8, 1961
corporations, estimating
that its portfolio amounts
to about $5.6 billion. The
New York Times of July
12, 1965, pointed out that
in 1963 the Vatican re-ceived dividends from Ital
ian companies that amounted to the lire equivalent of
$5,675,000. This, the paper
observed, represented a
portfolio of stocks in Italy
alone of about $200 million.
Besides its own bank, of
,
which it has lOO..percent
ownership, news sources reported that the
Vatican has financial interest in at least
three 'Roman banks as well as a number
of provincial banks and investment companies, interest in a spaghetti factory, an
airline, a bus and streetcar company, companies that supply Iti.uian cities with water and gas as well as telephone servicy,
a movie concern, Italy's largest tourist
agency, the country's biggest real estate
company, besides such industries as steel,
chemicals, cements, ceramics, construe~
tion, insurance, ~otels and shipping. Outside Italy it is reported as having heavy
investments in the industries of a number
of countries, especially Great Britain,
Switzerland and the United States. But the
Roman Catholic Church is not the only
religious organization that has substantial
9
Church-operated Businesses
In some instances church investment in
10
'
a church. In some places the only hospital whiCh had not been .Paying taxes on its
Dangerous Situation
When a religious organization becomes
deeply involved in commercial businesses
it is inclined to modify its religious teaching to fit its commercial interests. Even
the most dedicated men can find the power
of money difficult to combat when large
sUms are involved. This danger to a church
and its leaders was pointed out in the
book The Church as Employer, Money
Raiser and Investor by F. Ernest Johnson.
It states: "To put it more bluntly, we are
concerned that the church's necessary economic behavior shall not impair its function as moral critic of society." The Bible
truthfully states that the "love of money
is a root of all sorts of injurious things."
-1 Tim. 6:10.
Another danger from religious organizations' amassing great wealth as a result
of commercial businesses, especially when
their business profits are tax exempt, is
the disruption of the economic stability of
11
12
ica, the Roman Catholic Church controlled a large percentage of the wealth
during the days of the Spanish colonies.
The history book The Growth and Culture of Latin America by Donald Worcester points out how the religious orders
dominated commercial business. "Thousands of acres of the best agricultural land
had come under their ownership, and
while much of it was put to useful exploitation, it was effectively removed from the
competitive market and worked under
conditions of _special privilege that placed
the private owner at an ever-increasing
disadvantage. Enjoying the benefits of tax
exemption, the religious became the chief
growers, slaughterers, and distributors of
meat in Chile, and their activity in this
commercial field was great in many parts
of the viceroyalty. There was scarcely any
economicallY profitable field of activity in
which the orders did not engage."
Such history can repeat ftself where re~
ligious organizations are h~avily involved
in business enterprises and do not pay
taxes on their business profits. That a civil
war could result when a political state
dared to touch the material possessions of
a church well illustrates the grave danger
to a nation as well as to a church when
it becomes a moneymaking organization.
Long ago the Bible described the entire
global empire of false religion as a woman
bearing the symbolic name Babylon the
Great. In vivid language it told of her
close alliance with the commercial interests of the world and how the people of
the earth would be made to suffer under
her control. It also foretold her destruction as the judgment of God. Do you want
to share her future? If not, now is the time
to separate yourself from such commercial
organizations that operate under a religious guise.__._Revelation 17, 18.
AWAKE!
FEBRUARY 8, 1967
13
14
rain.
Objectives
Alzar went on to speak of their objectives. In cooperation with government in~
stitutions they would study salinity of the
sea, bird migration, sea currents, and
plankton, the microscopic animal and
plant life that is used as food by fish.
However, the main objective, and the one
that had fired the imagination of the man
with whom 1 was speaking, was something
different.
AWAKE'!
Two weeks later, on the 23d of October, the voyage began. At four~thirty in
the afternoon an earthenware jar of
chicha, an ancient native beverage, was
broken against the raft and the lines to
the pier were let loose. There was no wind
that afternoon, so several oars were used
to push away from the pier and into the
current of the Guayas River. If all goes
well, for the next seven or eight months
it will not touch land again until, propelled
by wind and current, it arrives at Sydney,
Australia, in the middle of 1967.
As the raft drifted away the four crewmen waved a good-bye to the thousands
of Ecuadorians that had come to see them
off. Two ships jammed with spectators
formed an escort for the first several
miles, and the thousands on shore walked
slowly along downriver, keeping pace with
the raft, until little by little they tired out,
leaving the raft to drift on alone.
Several days later, radio contact showed
the raft to be solidly into the Humboldt
Current, the first phase of its trip completed. But with 9,800 miles to go, anything might happen. At this moment of
writing four men, with a parrot for company, are drifting at two miles an hour
toward Australia, on Ecuador's Pacific
Raft.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
FEBRUARY 8, 1967
15
,..-,HE discovery was quite by accident. word "tumor" applies only to abnormal
~ While taking a shower the woman felt growths of new tissue that arise from prea small lump in her breast. It was soft and existing body cells. These are often reabout the size of 8. small marble. She had ferred to as neoplasms (new growths).
not noticed it before, but now, there it
In the noi:Jllal function of the body new
was! As she examined the lump with her cells are constantly being produced in
fingers it exhibited a certain mobility, as great n'!)mbers. However, because these
if to elude her grasp. There could be no cells merely replace those that have bedoubt about it. The fluctuating mass was come worn out and cast aside, abnormal
a twnor! Thousands
growths do not ocof women make a
cur. Your skin, for
similar discovery
instance, is like a
garment that after
every year.
a while grows old
Although it is a
and is replaced by
place of common
a new one. True,
occurrence, tumors
when you look at
are by no means
your skin it does
limited to the fenot appear as if
male breast. They,
anything is happenat times, develop in
ing. Yet, beneath
the breasts of men
the surface, a busy
too. In fact, abnorlayer of cells is at
mal growths can ocWork producing
CW' in any tissue
new cells.
or organ of the
In the process
body; many are
normal growth
of
visible, while
one
mother cell
others within the
divides into two
body often go undaughter cells,
detected. Practiwhich are identically everyone
possesses some of the more common ones, cal to each other and their late mother.
such as moles and warts. Are tumors This process of cell proliferation is called
something to be concerned about? How mitosis. It is dramatically illustrated in the
dangerous are they? A little information body's amazing ability of self-repair.
concerning tumor growth will help to anWhen a severe burn removes several
swer such questions.
layers of skin or a knife wotmd gouges
out a section of flesh, somehow an alarm
How Tumors Develop
is sounded. In the emergency, the marvelIn its broad sense, the word "tumor" ous process of cell-making is speeded up.
can apply to any swelling of the body. Then, when the damage is repaired,
This could include callous formations re- stepped-up cell division suddenly ceases,
sulting from manual labor, or swellings and the body resumes its normal producthat occur in the ordinary process of in- tion of cells. One can only marvel at the
fhlmmation. HoweVer, in the restricted miraculous mechanism that increases cell
sense to which it is generally limited, the proliferation in an emergency, and then
16
AWAKE!
During the past several decades an intensive search has been under way to discover the cause of these growths. In fact,
to no other field of medical research has
more time and money ever been devoted.
And, yet, perhaps in no other search has
there been greater disappointment. The
Home Encyclopedia of Modern Surgery by
Dr. J. H. Rutledge observed: "The etiology [cause] of this abnormal, uncontrolled
growth of cells is unknown. . . . Various
investigative approaches have included the
study of many different chemical substances, hormones, germs, and mechanical
agents. As yet, no solitary cause has been
ascertained.''
Evidence indicates that there are many
factors involved in causing tumors, and
apparently a different combination of factors is responsible for producing different
tumors. Chronic or continued irritation is
considered one leading factor. The theory
is that, when repeated destruction of tis
sue too often sounds the repair alarm, the
mechanism regulating cell proliferation becomes upset. As a result, the cells continue
to multiply when they should stop, and
thus a tumor forms.
Some would attribute the development
of a tumor to a single blow or injury, but
the Textbook of Pathology by William
Boyd claims: "No tumor has ever been
produced experimentally by a single trauFEBRUARY 8, 1967
17
mora in rainbow trout that were raised it will often reach a certain size and cease
on food pellets of fish meal and cottonseed to grow any larger.
meal as the main constituents."
It is generally agreed by many medical
researchers that improper nutrition, in
combination with other factors, can result
in the growth of tumors. In this connection, there are reports of tumors occurring
in animals maintained on diets deficient in
specific vitamins. For instance, the popular Textbook of Pathology by Boyd relates that when rats were fed a diet of
rice that included an azo dye known as
butter yellow, tumors of the liver regularly developed. However, when yeast or
members of the vitamin B complex were
included in the same diet, no tumors
occurred.
Imbalance in the secretion of body hormones has also been incriminated as a
causative factor. Some believe that impeded nerve flow is another important factor.
And in a few kinds of tumors heredity
seems to play a role. So, as can be seen,
many factors are apparently involved in
producing tumdrs, yet 'DO definite cause
has been established.
18
reg1 ession of a malignant tumour tC' benign type is, lamentably, unknown."
Diaf/no8is
The diagnosis of certain tumors- is relatively easy. For example, warts (papilloma) and moles (nevus). Warts of the skin
verY seldom become malignant, although
when they occur in the rectum they commonlY do. Moles, too, generally are of little
concern. Nevertheless, some moles do become malignant, and should therefore be
watched for any increase in size, pigmentatiOn and itching. The sites of danger are
where they are subject to regular irritation. This can cause an inflammatory reaction which, at times, flares into malignancy.
With other body twnors, when first they
come to our attention it is important not
to jwnp to. conclusions and imagine the
worst, because by far the greater number
are benign. Well-encapsulated benign tumors have a characteristic mobility when
examined with the fingers. They can be
bounced around; they are not anchored to
the surrounding tissues. Malignant tumors,
on the other hand, have a characteristic
fixity to the underlying tissue. Generally
theY are not so mobile. Doctors are sometimes able to determine the nature of the
twnor by a physical examination. How~
ever, it is difficult to be absolutely positive,
and often the doctor is quite uncertain.
various techniques are being employed
to identify the nature of the twnor. An
article in Medical World News stated that
one X-ray method has proved to be 99-percent accurate in diagnosing 2,000 tumor
cases. Another method t~ses a machine
that measures the variations in skin temperature, and is reportedly having remarkable success in diagnosing breast tumors.
still another technique frequently used
is biopsy. Some of the tumor tissue Is removed by special instruments so it can be
analyzed. The drawback here is that, if the
19
tumor tends toward malignancy, tamperNot all doctors, however, agree that
ing with it could have the effect of start- such radical surgery is justified. One leading the spread of the cancer cells.
ing cancer surgeon, George Crile, and his
A new device for aiding in detection of colleagues, found in a study of many tucancer was described at the current meet- mor cases that simple surgery, in which
ing of the International Cancer Congress only the growth itself is removed, had a
in Tokyo. As stated in the New York slight advantage over radical surgery, both
Times of October 26,
as to survival of the
1966, it involves tak~
patient and as to loARTICLES IN 11m NEXT ISSUE
ing a small sample of
cal
recurrences of
P;o.rents, What Are Your Children
blood- from the pa~
Being Taught?
cancer.
Crimes of Youth-Who Is to Slame7
tient and adding a
Simple surgery in
Why Keep On Smoking?
radioactive form of
cancer
cases is often
The Farmer's Fertilizer Problem.
the element rubidisupplemented by raum. The difference in
diation treatment.
the rate at which rubidium is taken into The problem that faces practitioners in
the red blood cells is used to distinguish such cases is the application of radiation
between cancerous and noncancerous pa- in doses that will destroy any remaining
tients." However, the precise location of cancer cells with a minimum of damage to
the growth still has to be determined.
the surrounding normal tissue. And not all
types of cancer can be effectively treated
by radiation.
Question of Treatment
As soon as the development of a tumor
Chemotherapists, who use chemical
is suspected, it is wise for the subject, for agents, have offered some promising rehis own peace of mind, to obtain profes~ sults. Methods of triggering the body's
sional advice as to its nature. Some may own immunological defenses to fight the
prefer to go to their family doctor. Others malignant cells are also under investigamay choose some other practitioner. It tion. The use of special diets and of ceris important, however, to go to someone tain herbs has also been recommended as
who has had ample experience in handling a means of building up the body's ability
such cases.
to fight the growth of cancer cells.
The physician may recommend an opMalignant tumors continue to be one of
eration for removal of the tumor. This man's mysterious and formidable foes.
does not necessarily mean that it is maHowever, not all of them are incurable,
lignant. If, after removal, examination
shows it to be nonmalignant, the wound and there is a favorable chance that any
is sewn up and there is seldom any rea- specific tUmor that turns up is of the beson for further concern. In cases where nign type, involving little serious danger.
malignancy has been determined, the sur- How comforting, too, to know that tumors
geon may try to remove every single can- and all diseases that cause pain and discer cell in the area. In the case of breast tress of mind and body will soon be elimicancer, this includes the removal of the nated. In God's new system of things
entire breast and as much surrounding tis- 'mourning and outcry and pain will be no
sue as possible, including nearby lymph more.' (Rev. 21:4) The greatest Healer <?f
nodes where the cancer cells are likely to all, Jehovah God, has so promised, and it
is impossible tor him to lie.
have migrated.
20
AWAKE/
FIDBRUARY 8, 1961
Quality Designing
Once an interior decor has been designed by company designers, mass production of mobile homes makes it available to a great many people in the form
of comparatively low-cost housing. Thus
people of moderate means are getting
homes with an interior decor that would
ordinarily be available only in more highpriced homes. Actually the modern mobile
home is being acknowledged as a trendsetter in interior home styling. People
have been encouraged to visit them for
ideas before decorating their conventiOnal
home.
At one manufacturing plant when a new
design is being developed, planning will
consume several months. If it is a Spanish
design, for example, trips will be made to
conventional home shows and anywhere
else where designers can see Spanish styling displayed. The history of Spanish design is also consulted. Trips are made
to manufacturers of carpets, furniture,
drapery and hardware so as to arrange
for specially designed materials. Local
wrought-iron shops are contacted in connection with handmade lamps, tables and
railings. After engineers translate as many
of their proposals into blueprints as are
deemed practical, the manufacturing pro-
21
with
Industry Growth
This industry that started out a little
more than thirty years ago h~ grown into
a billion-dollar giant. Between 1962 and
'
1965 it had
an 85-percent gain in sales.
There are 220 major manufacturers of
mobile homes in the United States. France
has about fifty companies in the business.
The industry got started in the American
city of Elkhart, Indiana, during the 1930~s.
Elkhart is still called ttie world center of
manufac~
turing.
One of the companies in the United
States has plans to build enough plants--so
as to be able to supply its dealers with mobile homes without havin8' to transport
them more than 500 miles from any of
its factories. Its plant in Indiana is an
enormous, sprawling U-shaped building
that covers an area of 80,000 square feet.
On a quarter-of-a-mile assembly line, construction of mobile homes begins with a
nine-inch-thick steel underbridging mount-ed on a chassis. As it passes along the assembly line, it gets its six inches of wood
flooring, its walls, roof, insulation, partitions, wiring and furnishings. At the end
of the line it is taken out the exit as a
gleaming, alwninum-skinned home, ready
for occupancy.
These factory-made, one-package homes
are meeting a housing need for relatively
low-cost dwellings among newlyweds, retired persons, transient workers, military
personnel and persons who want a second
home in a resort area. Among homes cost~ng less than $10,000 in the United States,
they represent 40 percent of the housing
market and are steadily growing in popularity. One-package, mobile homes are now
part of the modern way of living.
23
miles an hour.
Storage facilities for gasoline, naphtha
oil, and wherever it flowed it left an indelible trace. Goods, clothing and things
that might have been saved by drying
were ruined by being saturated with oil.
For days the distressed city remained
without electric light, gas, telephone or
drinking water.
Where was the fine Cascine Park on the
riverbank? It was now seen in complete
disorder, its avenues devoured by the flood
and without trees. The carcasses of animals were in its zoo, and those of horses
from the racecourse were bobbing on the
muddy water. The National Library-one
of the greatest in Europe-possessing volumes of inestimable value, some written
before our Common Era, as well as some
manuscript copies of Michael Servetus' De
Trinitatis Erroribus, became a mass of
muddy J.laJ.ler. Scholars and exper:ts from
various nations hope to effect a restoration. Many of the famed art treasures were
24
FEBRUARY 8, 1961
25
that in these circumstanCes I took advantage of the experience acquired during assemblies of the people of .Jehovah, where,
working in various departments, one
learns how to organize many things."
The Florentine daily, La Nazione, called
the flood, "the most monstrous natural
cataclysm in the history of Florence." Yes,
November 4, 1966, will remain long in
the memory of the inhabitants of Florence
and of many other ltalian cities. But remaining long also in the minds of many
will be the evidence of Christian love manifested in the face of this disaster.
26
Bible hell? Who go there? Do they experience liny sensation of pain? Can they,
like Jesus, be released from hell"
First, we need to determine from-where
the word "hell" in our Bibles comes. It is
translated from the Hebrew word sheOl,
which occurs, in all, 65 times in the Hebrew Scriptures. The King Ja:mes Version,
however, translates she6l 31 times as
"hell," 31 times as "grave" and 3 times
as "pit." The Catholic Douay Version renders she6l as "hell" in 63 of itS 65 occurrences. Some Bibles leave she6l and its
Greek equivalent, hddes~ untranslated. In
both the King James and Douay versions
hddes is rendered as "hell" in each of its
ten occurrences in the Greek Scriptures.
That hddes is the Greek equivalent for
sheOl can be seen by comparing Psalm 16:
10 (15:10, Dy) in the Hebrew Scriptures
with A~ts 2:31 in the Christian Greek
Scriptures. If you do this with a Bible
that leaves these words untranslated, you
will notice that in the quotation in Acts
from Psalm 16:10 the Greek word hdd68
is used for the Hebrew word she6l.
Is hell, then, a hot place? Do she6l and
hddes refer to some location where the
wicked suffer after death? Obviously not,
for Jesus, as well as other righteous men,
went there. Also, please turn to the book
of Jonah chapter two, verses one and two,
and note what occurred after Jonah was
swallowed by the fish: "Then Jonah
prayed unto the LoRD his God out of the
fish's belly, and said, I cried by reason of
mine affliction unto the LORD, and he
heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I,
and thou heardest my voice." (A V) Where
was Jonah~ In some fiery subterranean
place? No. Jonah was in what would have
been his tomb or grave if God had not
delivered him. That is why the marginal
reference in the King James Version substitutes here "the grave" for "hell."
consider also the righteous man Jacob.
27
28
thing entirely different. Bmith'B Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 1, pa~e 879, explains:
"It becamQ the common lay-stan of the
city, where the dead bodies of criminals,
and the carcases of animals, and every
other kind of filth was cast." Gehenna
served as a massive disposal dump outside the walls of Jerusalem; perpetual fires
were maintained to prevent pestilence, but
nothing alive was thrown there. It is a
fitting symbol, not of eternal conscious
torment, but of everlasting destruction.
The "lake'1of fire" mentioned in Revelation
has a similar significance, and it means,
not conscious torment, but ''second death."
-Rev. 21:8.
The heartwarming prospect is that hell
is to be emptied of all its unconscious dead,
after which death and hell will be eternally destroyed. Note how the B1ble explains: "Death and hell [margin, 'the
grave' J delivered up the dead which were
in them ... And death and hell were cast
into the lake of fire. This is the second
death." (Rev. 20:13, 14, AV) What a
grand provision! God mercifully is to deliver the dead from hell! Certainly we
have strong encouragement to learn more
about God and his purposes for blessing
mankind
"Kamlkallle" Driving
29
Sin Ia
~011:
30
Clergy Attitudes
News &
World Report for January 2,
..
+A
WheJ'e ICJatJt~.Dlaagre&
+ Pope
Paul VI reportedly
feels that a negotiated pea_ce
rather than military v1~6ry
by either side is the waY to
end the war' 1n Vietnam. Francis Cardinal Spellman, on the
other hand, neglecting the
sixth of the Ten Command
ments, told soldiers that "United States troops were the
soldiers of Jesus Christ who
were fighting a war for civili
zation and that to the United
States, less than Victory is
inconceivable." A high Vatican
source stated that Spellman
was reflecting "his own posi
tlon as chief military vicar
of the U.S. armed forces" and
not the views of Pope Paul or
the Roman Catholic Church.
But he quickly added that the
pope has great esteem for
Spellman. A French bishop,
Paul Joseph Schmitt, chal
lenged Spellman to declare
himself against war.
. . . . . .._.._..__......._._._..__..__..__........ ------------..-..-........
z,..
'P" la..e , _
THE RIDGEWAY
LONDON N.W. 7
'1'EBBUABY 8, 1961
31
.....
WATCH TOWER
....
-.......
THE RIDGEWAY
. ...........
LONDON N,W. 7
I am enclosing 3(6 (for Australia, 50c; for South Africa, 35c). Please send me postpaid th.-.
hardbound. book Quali!!ed to Be Ministers.
Street and Number
Name ....
or Route and Box _
Post
Postal
Town . ...................................................................................
District No.
.. .. County_ ..
In: AU8TRALIAI 11 Beres:l'ord Rd., Strathfleld, N.S.W. CANADA= 150 Brldgeland Ave., Toronto 19, Ont. SDUTH
AFRICA1 Private Bag ll, P.O.lillandllfonteln, Transvaal. UNITED STATEilllT Adama St., Brooklyn, N.Y.11101,
32
AWAKE!
t?
21
PuBLIBIUt>
4,475,000
l'wt-.
0-:::!'e"e'"''-,-,----------,
"'=::e"C'
1
__ ______
un.
___
"Awa~o!" 11 the New Wcrld Tronllatlon of lhl HIJ StriPilrlo, 1961 odlllon.
Whon olhor tranolallon1 ara oood, thll lo ol..rly arked
..,
.,
,_.,_.,
,.
CONTENTS
Guard Akainst the Practice of Sin
17
21
25
27
10
14
16
POET long ago said: uTo err is human; to forgive, divine." As much as
that saying is quoted, it is not altogether
true. To forgive may be Godlike, but to
be human does not necessarily mean to
err. OUr first parents, though hwnan, did
not have to err. They were created perfect. (Gen. 1:31; Deut. 32:4) When the
Son of God came to earth he proved this
to be true, for, though hwnan, he did not
err-not in thought, nor in word, nor in
deed. (1 Pet. 2:22) It Is only due to the
transgression of our first parents that erring became hwnan, that "tlie inclination
of the heart of mari is bad from his youth
up."-Gen. 8:21; Rom. 5:12.
But let no one jump to the conclusion
tha4 since a tendency to err, to sin, to
make mistakes, is inherent in man, we
have no obligation to strive against these.
We do have such an obligation! We are
obligated by the light of conscience, and
our very ability to reason, to treat others
as we ourselves wmild be treated and to
take care of ourselves properly so as not
to become a burden upon others. And to
the extent that we become familiar with
Bible principles We are further obligated, for knowledge brings responsibility.
"DON'Sunday
T School
surprised Johnny comes home from
some day soon and tens you that
be
if
~m!~cs on the
United Church of
Canada~s JUodern
Sunday-sehool eolll'Se
lslt Honest?
So determined .are the writers of this
Sunday-school course to do away with
Biblical miracles that they will even distort the record to keep from mentioning
them. How damaging to the faith of children this can be may be seen from the
way they retell Jerusalem's deliverance
from the siege of Sennacherib in the days
of King Hezekiah: "The Assyrians did return to their own land, but Hezekiah had
to pay them a big price to do so." 6 Is this
right? No, it is not, for according to the
Bible account, even after King Hezekiah
tried to pay off Sennacherib with a
large sum, that pagan emperor proceeded
against Jerusalem. (2 Ki. 18:13-27) True,
relief came, but how? "It Came about on
that night that the angel of Jehovah proceeded to go out and strike down a hundred and eighty-five thcmsand in the camp
AWAKE!
:Do
1!/l/J//JS
OFl'Of!Til :::
youths under
eighte~n years
of age. This fig..
ure is not at
all surprising
when we note
T WAS early Saturday morning,
that New York
police, In mid
November 12, 1966, at Mesa, Ari
zona. A local beauty shop had just
March
1966, arParents blame youths.
opened and in it were five women and
rested
a group
Youths blame pa~ents.
of
twelve
boys,two children. Then in came an
What are the facts?
eighteen-year-old high-school youth.
ages fourteen
He ordered the women to lie on their
to eighteen
stomachs on the floor in a circle like years, all from comfortable homes, with money
spok-es of a wheel, with their heads and autos, W,ho had burglarized seventy-eight
in the center, and then calmly began different homes and stolen thousands of dollars'
to pump bullets into the backs of worth of goods. Why? They wanted something
their heads as he walked aroWld the to brag about, they said. Then there was the
circle, reftillng his reVolver as it ran teen-.r who in three months robbed tWrty~
out of bullets, and laughing all the five taxi drivers, many of whom he wounded
while. By the time the police arrived with a knife or pair of scissors.
and apprehended the youth he had
Last September the New York City pollee
murderEHi four of the women, stabbed picked up five youths ranging from twelve to
a three-year-old girl to death "he fifteen years of age. Why? One of them had
cause she kePt jumping around," and poUred gasoline on two sleeping Bowery tramps
wounded the remaining woman and and another threw burning matches on them
infant.
while the other three stood by to watch the
Why had he .done it? According to "fun." Both men had to be rushed to the hoshis own statement: "I wanted to get pital, where one died four days later from his
known . just wanted to get myself wounds. What kind of mentality did these five
a name." He further boasted that he "good boys"-according to their parents-have,
had planned the murders for about for them to plan and execute such a cruel deed?
three months, eettina the idea from
In November in the same city three well~
the massacre of 1eight nurses in Chi- dressed youths asked an elderly slightly built
cago and the IIl&$S m\U'der of more unemployed man for the time and then sudthan a dozen persons in Austin, Tex- denly knocked him to the sidewalk and, in spite
as. At the time of his arrest he was of his pleadings, poured a can of searing lye on
cocky and showed no sign of remorse. his head. Why? Not for money, but, according
Yes, in this age of violence and to the police, simply ''for the thrill of it."
Modern youths' proclivity for crime is also
crime, youth looms up prominently.
In the United States 48 percellt of all seen in vandalism. In New York city alone
arrests for seriOUil crimes involve youthful Yondels each ;year destroy $5 million
blame?
10
AWAJriil'l
Who Is to Blame
Shocking? Yes, this behavior on the
part of youth is indeed shocking. But let
it never be forgotten that youth takes its
attitudes, its values, from adults. There is
no question about the increase of lawlessness among adults. According to the FBI
of the United States, there were 2 ;780 ,000
serious crimes in the United States in
1965, a 6-percent increase over 1964. It is
the adults who set the example. Thus a
prominent New York City clergyman has
used every conceivable disreputable trick
to evade the law and even became a refuFEBRUARY 22, 1961
12
a Russian
T
'the Soviet Union and
14
A Disappearing Sea
But what bothers the Russians is the
fact that, despite the regular influx of
river waters into this land-girt sea, there
'are undeniable signs that its level is dropping steadily year by year. Imagine what
this means to port facilities and to fishing
villages that are left high and dry by the
receding shoreline! And what about the
costly installations at oil harbors such as
Baku, center of the Caucasian oil region?
Already the breakwaters constructed in
some locations are, in their stranded state,
useless and unsightly. The threatened loss
to fisheries and to economical shipping by
AWAKE/
15
The biological rule that living things were created to reproduce "according to
their kinds" occurs ten times in Genesis chapter one. This immutable law was
made by the creator, Jehovah God. While allowing for immense variety within
each family kind, It does not allow for the evolutionary idea that one family kind
can make or evolve another, entirely new, kind. So obvious is this that even
current proevolution scientific journals such as Scientific American have admitted
it. In its December 1966 issue on page 32 It said: "Living things are enormously
diverse in form, but form is remarkably constant within any given line of descent:
pigs remain pigs and oak trees remain oak trees generation after generation."
16
AWAKE/
17
18
19
By ''Awakl"
corr.1pondnt
In Ccma Rica
dance unless zinc, copper and, in some regions, molybdenum are added to the soil.
Soils that are deficient in boron are not
suitable for alfalfa. \Vhatever crop a farmer may grow, he has the prob_lem of determining whether his land has the necessary elements the plants require and
how to provide what is lacking.
21
use
22
Inorganic Fertilizers
To solve the fertilizer problem, farmers
have been turning to inorganic fertilizers
and are getting good crop yields from
them. Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers are
obtained from mineral sources or as byproducts. For example, natural sodiwn ni
trate, as mined in Chile, usually contains
from 5 percent to 25 percent nitrogen.
Ammonium sulfate, a by-product of coal,
contains over 20 percent nitrogen. Urea,
made from cyanamide or from ammonia
and carbon dioxide, has the highest ni
trogEm concentration, over 45 percent.
The chief source of phosphate fertilizers
is phosphate rock. Unless the rock is soft,
it is usually ground into a fine powder before it is applied as a fertilizer. However,
it is more often made into superphosphate
by treating phosphate rock with sulphuric
acid. Organic sources of phosphates are
the bones of animals and guano, a bird
manure that is found on some islands_ in
the Pacific Ocean.
Usually inorganic potassium fertilizers
are obtained from undergroWld mineral
deposits, especially saline residues of salt
lakes. Potassium is also extracted from
the water of oceans, lakes and rivers as
well as from rocks and soils.
It is possible to obtain chemical fertilizersthat contain just one of the nutrients
a plant needs or that- have several ingredients blended to produce a "tnixed fertilizer." The latter usually contains the
three major plant nutrients-nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassiwn-plus fillers
that add weight and may contain such
things as manganese sulfate or just plain
sand. The modern trend in commercial
fertilizers is to produce dry, granular mixtures because these reduce the problem of
caking and stiokiness.
AWAKE!
market value. But if the fanner needs aerate the son and improve its water readvice on fertilizers, he can usually get it tention capability. They also have a more
from government agricultural advisers.
lasting etrect than commercial fertilizers.
At government agricultural stations, at But farmers who operate large farms canuniversities and on local fanns throughout not maKe compost heaps big enough to
the world, many tests have been per- fertillze hundreds of acres, and they canformed with fertilizers that generally not eoonomically get enough manure. So,
prove their value. The North Carolina rather than completely draining the land
Agricultural Experiment Station cites an of nutrJents, they fertilize their fields with
example of a field of corn where one part what is available, and the resulting yield
of the crop had nitrogen ilpplied at the is high. Many believe that chemical fer-rate of 180 pounds per acre. The result tilizers are solving their problem.
was 110.3 bushels of corn per acre. The
Fanners that use chemical fertilizers
other part of the
believe that the propcrop received no ader use of them will
ditional nitrogen,
IN THE NEXT ISSUE
not harm the soil.
and it yielded only.
They point out that
A CLOSE-UP VIEW
24.4 bushels on a corin the United States
responding area. EsOF MIDDLE AMERICA
an estimated 10,600,timates have been
000 tons of nitrogen,
made that fertilizers
phosphoric oxide and
have increased crop yield by 25 percent in potash are removed from the soil by cropthe United States and frorh 50 to 75 per- ping each year while some 3,000,000 tons
cent in some parts of Europe. There are are returned to it by means of manures.
countless examples where crop yield has To compensate the net loss of 7,600,000
been increased o.p to several hundred per- tons they feel that commercial fertilizers
cent by the proper use of fertilizers.
are the only answer. They further argue
that the use of Organic fertilizers does not
Value of Chemical Fertilizer
There are strong dift'erences of opinion always fill a specific need of a plant.
While it is readily agreed that a great
over the value of chemical fertilizers. Peramount
of knowledge has been gained
sons who are outspoken about the wisdom
of their use argue that chemical fertilizers about plant needs, the continuing controcan injure the soil, cause the food pro- versy over the value of chemical fertiliz.
duced on them to be inferior to that pro- ers and what is best for plant life indicates
duced. by the use of organic fertilizers and that there is much yet to be learned. The
can be responsible for some of the illnesses farmer that is trying to earn a living by
suffered by people who eat the foods means of farming has the constant probgrown on them. They feel that chemical lem of determining what nutrients are refertilizers should-be avoided and that only quired by his various crops and how best
organic materials should be used for fer- to supply them in the most economical
tilizing purposes.
way for the most productive results.
Unquestionably organic materials are Whatever effort he makes to understand
beneficial to the soil. They activate micro- plant, needs and to supply those needs by
biological processes, develop soil structure, good fertilizers will benefit his farm.
24
AWAKE!
26
history~the
deed they had in mind, it WQUld be necessary to condemn Jesus with every out..
ward show of jUdici~ aut;hority-but
quickly; it would have to be done quickly.
They "led Jesus away to the high priest,
and all the chief priests and the older men
and the scribes assembled." (Mark 14:53)
What accusation, though, could the SanM
hedrin use to condemn him?
'I\vo witnesses testified that Jesus said
he would tear down the temple and build
it again. (Matt. 26:61) To the Jews this
was serious. It was one of the charges that
later drove hateful Jews to stone Stephen
to death. (Acts 6: 14) But this charge was
a false accusation. Jesus never said he
would destroy the temple, not even the
temple o! his body. (John 2:19-21) But
to the humiliation of the Sanhedrin, the
two witnesses could not agree. That would
have been necessary according to the Law
even if Jesus had committed some crime.
-Deut. 19:15; Mark 14:59.
With the collapse of the case on that
charge, Caiaphas began agitating for conM
viction on a more serious accusation
_;Qlasphemy. He demanded, "By the living God I put you tmder oath to tell us
whether you are the Christ the Son of
God!"-Matt. 26:63.
Why ask such a question? Undoubtedly
Caiaphas knew that the Jews were sensf.. ,
tive about anyone's claiming to be the
very Son of God. On two earlier occasions
the Jews drew hasty and incorrect con~
elusions from what J~sus had said, mistakenly imagining he claimed to be God
or equal with God. They had then rashly
labeled him a blasphemer worthy of death.
-John 10:30-39; 5:16-19.
But, no matter what the Jews thought,
Jesus was the Son of God. So to Caiaphas'
question he courageously replied: "I am."
Already serving as prosecutor and judge,
Caiaphas now assumed the role of accuser.
"He has blasphemed!" screamed the high
'l:1
priest. "What f.urther need do we have ofwitnesses?" (Mark 14:62; Matt. 26:65)
Yes, indeed, they would forget the need
for witnesses, ignore the Jewish tradition
that no man can condemn himself and disregard the legal principles! Jesus stood
condemned on the worst charge, the one
most likely to cause the people to reject
him.
There was yet the matter of the execution. The Romans had deprived the Jews
of the power to inflict capital punishment,
so the leaders would have to devise an
accusation that would force the Romans
to kill Jesus. Blasphemy? No, that would
never do. It is plain from the apostle
Paul's later experiences that Roman authOrities would not have condemned Jesus
just because of disputes over Jewish law.
(Acts 18.13-15, 23.29) To meet this emergency the accusers changed Jesus' charge
from a rel.igious offense to a political one.
They_ led Jesus, bound like a common
criminal, to Pilate, the Roman governor.
Slyly they avoided mentioning the previous trial and the charge of blasphemy. Instead they accused Jesus, saying: "This
mart we found [1} subverting our nation
and [2] forbidding the paying of taxes to
Caesar and [3] saying he himself is Christ
a king." (Luke 23:2) Clearly they chose
the most serious charges imaginable, ones
involving sedition and high treason.
"Subverting our nation" was a vague
charge, yet it strongly suggested sedition,
inciting revolt. But where was the evidence? Lacking evidence to prove the
charge, the Jews understandably left it
unsupported.
To forbid the paying of taxes to Caesar
was a form of treason. It was an open
defiance of the law and a direct denial
of Roman sovereignty in Judea. Jesus,
though, had publiclY advised his listeners
to pay to Caesar what belonged to Caesar,
including tax. (Matt. 22:17-21) Pilate paid
28
So, after being charged with endangerjog the temple, blasphemy, sedition on a
number of- counts and high treason, Jesus'
Jewish and Roman trials were over. He
was condemned by mob verdict, and executed.
AWAKE!
Venezuela's Bridge
~ South America's longest
suspension bridge, 5,507 feet
long and carrying four traffic
lanes across the Orinoco River,
was put in operation on January 6. President Raul Leoni
of Venezuela Was one of the
first to drive across the mag.
nificent structure that links
enezuela's rapidly developing
Jdustrial region of Guayana
with central and western
Venezuela.
Padded Hamburger
Assembly at Barranqullla
and their opponents. Red
The Covered Coliseum in Guards and workers numberBarranquilla, Colombia, was ing some 100,000 demanded
where the "God's Sons of the ouster of President Liu
Liberty" District Assembly of Shao-chi. It was reported that
Jehovah's Witnesses was held, clashes in Nanking left 54
December 28, 1966-January 1, dead and about 900 injured.
1967. To find accommodations
for 3,766.who requested rooms Weather Tragedies
in which to stay during the ~ For the first time in twen
five-day assembly proved a tysix years snow fell in Mexichallenge, for in Colombia co City. Temperatures fell to
living space is at a premium. 35 degrees, which is cold for
However; one week prior to Mexico City. Eight persons
the assembly all room re- died of exposure in the capital
quests were filled and there and ten in the provinces as a
were some 902 to spare. The result of the cold wave. Losses
majority of the accommoda to growing crops ran into the
lions were free, which accents millions of dollars.
the hospitality of the ColomIn North Malayan floods the
bians. A crowd of 5,777 came death toll rose to 36 on Januto hear the public lecture ary 11, but the receding mon
"Mankind's Millennium Under soon w:aters are revealing
God's Kingdom." It was esti- more bodies. About 100,000 fled
mated that some 2,000 were their homes during the disfrom the Barranqullla area, aster.
while the remaining 4,000
In Thailand floodwaters
came from the interior and claimed the lives of 22 perother coastal sections. At this sons and 7,180 families -were
assembly 179 symbolized their made homeless.
dedication to God by being
totally immersed in water.
Treatment for Alcoholius
Aurora, Ontario, Canada,
Rumble In Red China
has set up a therapeutic center
There was a rumble heard for research and the treatout of Red China on January ment. of alcoholism and other
8, according to an official Pe addiction. This center is unique
king radio broadcast moni in that its first patients are
tared in Tokyo, Japan. There all Roman Catholic priests.
were fatal clashes between Clergymen of other religions
supporters of Chinese Commu- will also be considered for
nist Chairman Mao Tsetung treatment.
Immune to Radioactivity
~ About 600 roentgens of ra
dioactive fallout s:an kill a
29
Catholic Beatleuneu
+ John
R. Graham, minister
of the First Universalist
Church of Denver; recently
called his fellow clergymen
"the retarded Americans." In
stead of being the best edu
cated people in a community,
be said, the clergy "are more
Hke T. S. Eliot's 'Hollow Men'
-our headpieces are filled
Hospital Horrors
THE RIDGEWAY
LONDON N.W. 7
Please send me the 512-page hardbound book of Scripture quotatlom on 123 prJndpal subjects,
entitled "Make Sure of All Things: Hold Fast to What Is Fine." I am enclosing 5/6 (for AustraUa,
75c: for South Africa, 55c).
Str-eet and Number
or Route and Box ............. ..
Name ....
Postal
Post
Dlstrlrt No ............ County
Town ........................
31
newspa~r
for
1 yea, 151-
THE RIDGEWAY
LONDON N.W. 7
1 am enelO$lng 15/- (for Australia, $2; !or South Africa, R1.40). Please send me The Watchtower
and Awa~<;el for one year (24 copies each). For maillpg the coupon l am to r~eive tree the six
timely booklets God's way, Is La11e, Healing of the Natkm8 Hae Drown Near, Security During
"War of the Great Day o God the Almighty,' When AU Natioll8 Unite Und.sor God'8 Kingdom
When God Is King QI!ElT A l the Earth, "Peace Among Men o/ Good Will" orArmagedaon-Whichf
Name .
P011t
Town
.. . .. ...........
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AFRICA: Private Bag 2, P.O. Elandsfonteln, Transvaal. UNITED STATES: 117 Adam8 St., Brooklyn, N.Y.11201
32
AWAKE~
. ~ CLOSE-UP VIEW
of
MIDDLE
AM
MARCH 8, 1967
,
WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY
Watch Tower House, 'l'he Ridgeway
London liO.W. 7 England
N. H. KNDBil, P1'efi46nt
GRANT SUITIIlll, 'Boot'utar'!l
4,475,000
r''''"~"".!'~"~'''"""''-------------,
CHANGES Df ADIIRESS okllold tlloh 11 t~lriY 41JI
lffort yo1t 11111lng dato. &lvo 11 111 r tid and ntw
addnn (It IIQOII~Io, ~o1r old oddron ra"'l). write
W.tth Towv, Wateh Toww HHII, U1 lldgoway,
Loftdon lt.W. 7, Eng!J.nd.
Tbo arr trualatl011 rqal~rlr 11111 In "Ankor 11 tile Nrw WOI'Id TnuratiOII ff
Holy &orl-'art~, l!nl Mitton.
Wbll 1111111' tron~lortltnl 111"1 11111, thll !1 olurlr mllllll
.
,
_.,
,.
,,
.,
CONTENTS
Where Is Middle America Today?
Nicaragua-Home of a Gay
but Hard-working People
2Q
23
Swi~rland
14
17
Panama-Where ~eans
and Continents Unite
Guatemala-A Tropical
28
f~u you
-Romno 13 :II
to awake."
MARCH 8, 1967
S WE stepped aboard our powerful jet airliner and settled down for the start of our
Germany,
We soon learned that we had to be prepared for new things, since everywhere the
visitor to this land turns he is confronted with
a combination of the familiar and the unusual,
the ancient and the ultramodern, the ordinary
Change:
why, everyone is
in
AWAKE!
below the ribs. Then, whUe It was stw pWsatlng, they would rip out the blt!edlng heart and
otter It as a sacrifiCe in order to ensure the
rising of the sun each morning,
chureh. aomettmes eowr~ng a mile or: morw. lrleKlco. nm 11 at: beutuUl unn allt)'- CitY
VUJ.ton to this shrble should not b~ ibO'Cked that h~ Ita t.undfhg with a apeclal .eharter
lt they see blood on the pavement. We were !rom the king l!d Spain in 1551. However, many
even more startled, though, When inside the o! the common people first need to learn to
church, to see what was going on at a glass read and write, so they can study the Bible.
ease containing a religious relle. 'The worship But why the Bible? BecliJ.Ise it Is the Word
ers were rubbing their hands over the glass o! the true God. From it the people can learn
case and then wiping their own !aces and the the truth that can set them :tree !rom the
!aces o! their young babies, in order to receive superstitions and creeds o! men, both those
brought down :trom pagan forefathers and
blessing or protection.
How much did the Indians have to change those propagated by the clergy of Christendom.
in order to become Catholics.? Well, before the By studying the Bible and letting its moral
Spaniards arrived, the hill o! Tepeyac, where principles mold their lives, people can gradual
the Catholic shrine is now located, was the ly pull themselves out o! the cesspool of im
site o! a shrine to Tonantztn, an Aztec god morality in which so many wallow.
dess o! earth and maize. It was also interest
ing to learn that the "virgin" idolized at this
A Grand Assembly
place, and. who supposedly appeared
in vision to a native in the
There are many In Mexico,
sixteenth century, has a
as in other countries, who are
dark complexion. Since
devoting themselves to a
study o! God's Word and shaP
ln8ny o:t the people in
ing
their lives in accord with
Mexico are similarly
Its
principles.
We had accept
complexioned, the image
ed the invit8:tion to Attend
o! the "Dark Virgin"
this
national convention in
hanging in the church
Mexico City under the spon
would be niore appeal
sorship of La Torre del Vigia
lng, than a !air-skinned
de Mexico, which had dele
likeness. Understand
gates from all the Mexican
ably, one writer com
states. Prepara
tions had begun
mented: ''Many ortho
months earlier,
dox Catholics have
since some 23,
complained that the
000 delegates
Mexicans were never
were expected,
Christianized at all,
and never be
and that Catholicism
fore
had JehoLibrary buDding, National Untvenlty of Mexico
was, instead, Mexi
vah's witnesses
canized."-Mexico by w. W. Johnson and The In Mexico assembled in such a large group.
Editors o! l.Afe, page 136.
For the delegates coming !rom distant parts
of the country, transportation was a problem.
The Needs of the People
Hence, arrangements were made for special
Some o! the visitors who came by automobile trains. The National Railroad Company co
were especially conscious o! the cOntrast be- operated by allowing representatives of the
tween those Who lived in the city and those in convention's In!ormation Department to board
the rurals. Though Mexico has produced en- the four special trains eighty-five miles outgineers, scholars, doctors and lawyers who side the city. Then, while the final miles were
have turned the capital into a modern city, clicking oft', the convention delegates received
!aclllties and conveniences such as hospitals, information as to transportation within the
schools, electricity and adequate water sup- city, location. of hotels and rooming accom
plies are not !ound everywhere. One can modatlons and other arrangements made for
drive through town after town at night and their comfort and enjoyment. However, there
were other trains on the way that in effect
never see a light.
The visitor to this land o! great contrasts became "special" trains as time went by. As
who stops to ponder the question "What do regular trains passed certain locations, addithese people need the most?" comes to some tional coaches full o! Jehovah's witnesses were
very definite conclusions. Education Is at the added. One train from the northern part o!
top of the list. It is true that for some there the country could not pull all the passenger
are opportunities for advanced learning in coaches that were finally added, and, as a re
MARCH 8, 1961
AWAKE!
HE first planeload o1
visitors arriving at
Guatemala's "La Aurora" Airport to attend
the "God's Sons of Liberty" Assembly, December 7-11, 1966, sw-ely re-
MAROH 8, 1967
seas mingled with a fine cross-section of Guatemala's own people. At one end of the long
hall on the platform there was a typical native
hut of corn cane with thatched roof, -and in
front were colorful lloral decorations. Around
the main building and
other lesser buildings of
the Centro the peace and
quiet of a pleasant pa,rk
added to the delight of
the conventloners.
The assembly's Rooming Department had
quite a problem to care
for the inllux of visitors,
not alone from other
lands but from all across
Guatemala, from Atlantic to Pacific. Rooms in
homes and hotels were
soon exhausted, and
many who had come
The lilt of the marimba at GuatemaJa
City's airport weloom&~~ foreign delegatet~
from remote parts of
to the a1!8e1Dbly
the country had little
money to spend for accommodations, and at
the same time would be
easily bewildered by city
travel. The solution: One
of the clean, large auxiliary buildings of the
Parque Centro America
was set aside as a place
for families to sleep on
the lloor in their own
little groups, happy to
be surroWided by scores
of other such family
groups who had come to
Sign on Biltmore Hotel, Guatemala City,
bids arriving Witnesses IWelcome"
this city to enjoy the
10
AWAKE/
11
12
tion -have come to light. One group of twentyeight visiting Witnesses tell of their thrllllng
plane trip over mountains and tropical jungle
to the Tlkal ruins in the northern province
of Peten. Imagine walking as they did around
the huge pyramidal structures. Some of these
structures are as high as a twenty-story build
ing. From atop the highest the scene is one of
jungle greenery stretching away as far as eye
can see, broken here and there by the plastered
tops of other Mayan edifices. Immediately be
low and all around, the ground is screened by
tree branches festooned with vines.
The visitor cannot help meditating on what
must have been here at one time------exactly
when we do not know. Tens of thousands of
laborers must have felled the trees, fashioned
the heavy beams, dragged the heavy stones,
mixed water and lime, hoisted materials higher and yet higher until the finishing touches
were made. Then hundreds of artists were
needed to paint beautiful designs on the inner
walls of temples. Expert craftsmen were needed to execute the sculptures appearing on altars and monuments. What a teeming population there must have been! But now all is
desolate and silent, and the few inhabitants
today are made up of some chicleros, who
collect the sap of the zapote tree for the chew
ing gum industry, and those who are in demand as laborers at the archaeological diggings.
The skill that produced those mighty monuments, as well as the pottery
and the tiny carved objects of
jade, wood and obsidian, is all
of a high order. There must
have been efficient organization.
Great crops must have been
grown to support a vast population. Yet no one today knows
what became of the population,
why they forsook their great
ceremonial cities, or where
their burial places are. Indeed,
in this entire Tikal complex
only a comparatively few skeletal remains have turned up. It
may well be that these myster
ies will not be cleared up until
resurrected Mayans tell their
own story.
AWAKE!
sayiq to
au observers, "We
81:'8 de-
13
14
lzaloo, vGicano
Religious Confusion
In El Salvador we encountered
con'siderable evidence of the con-
15
16
AWAKE/
17
18
AWAKE/
m OO'Il:riEt..~not the
19
'
20
AWAKE/
Guerrero C.
Today in Catholic Nicaragua the people
celebrate rb.any festivals that h$Ve come down
from ancient times and that have' been given
Catholic titles. But the rituals and the dances
are still the same as in their pagan days.
Masks, skins, beads and incense are stm the
elements of their festivals, regardless of the
saint or virgin that is supposedly honored.
It is claimed that Catholic priests of the past
have tried to prevent these rellgl6Us dances, the
majority of which are of superstitious and
Idolatrous origin. Nonetheless, today they are
an Integral part of Cathollc religious festivals,
Historian Torquemada (not the Infamous In
quisitor of Spain) had this to say on the subject: "In these festivals of these people which
MARCH 8, 1961
21
22
AWAKE!
~fng
...BRITISH HONDURAS,...
-A Land Often Overlooked
...............................................................,
OCATED on the east coast of Central America, between Guatemala and the Caribbean
Sea, this little country is often overlooked
by travelers, But it was not overlooked in the
plans for the serles o1 "GOO's Sons o1 L'l.'nerty''
Assemblies that we were attending. Though
many of the international travelers were dis.appointed that they did not get to British
Honduras, due to failure of the airlines to
fultUl their promises, those of --us who did
reach Belize enjoyed our visit.
The approach by plane afforded a panoramic
view of the country, revealing Its physical
features. For example, to the north lie the
low, htunld coastal plains., with Belize, the
capital, guarded by a reef-linecf harbor. Large
ships have to anchor outside the reef and
Ughters ply from ship to shore. Southward
MARCH 8, 1961
The assembly site was In a park along BeAs we walked among the people of Belize lize's seafront. Here our brothers had to erect
we soon noted that the population is a mixed their own grandstand, large enough to seat
one. The majority are descendants of Africans about four hundred people. The mayor. of the
who settled in the area at the time when Belize city even came out to see this preparatory
was used as a slave center back in the 1880's. work, for, as he said: "Some day we may have
to install such facllitles."
They have adopted many
And another man apof the European ideas and
proached and said: "We
customs, and we were hapcan indeed learn from you
py to learn that among this
people. What an undertaksection of the population
ing!"
there Is an excellent appre
ciation of the value of
The many fine features
God's Word, the Bible.
of the program as l"njoyed
Their warm, friendly atti
by brothers at our other
tude is expressed by a quick
assemblies were keenly apsmile and pleasant word at
preciated by the British
Honduran audience also.
meeting.
The Bible dramas- and talks
The Caribs of the south
were loudly applauded.
ern highlands are descenThere were a few anxious
dants of island Indians ~ho
moments when it became
settled here in order to
evident that President N. H.
maintain isolation. They are
Knorr of the Watch Tower
distinct in their traditions
Society would not arrive in
and have endeavored to
time !or the scheduled pubavoid intermarriage and
lic lecture, due to a delay
association with other peoin the incoming fiight. Howples. They even have their
ever, the chairman invited
own language. Among these
John Groh, a' visiting dire<"
people sickness is viewed
tor of the Society, to subas no chance happening,
stitute for the president.
but is considered to be the
What a joy it brought the
result of someone trying
J. 0. Groll, one of the directors of
the Watch Tower Society, dellvers
brothers wht> had worked
to hurt the ailing person.
the publlc address at Belize, British
so hard to make the conRight away the spirit docHonduras
vention a success to see 755
tor or Buiyei must be consulted. Through him the invalid's dead ances- present for this outstanding session! Since the
tors are appealed to for aid in restoring him peak number of Witnesses in the country is
to health. Perhaps some disgruntled spirit 385, it was certainly 1i' big event to assemble
needs to be soothed with a gift, they believe, with so many lovers of Bible truth.
or the treatment may even involve calling a
Though his arrival was belated, N. H. Knorr
special feast during which the saying of a mass did have the opportunity of speaking to the
in the Catholic church may be considered audience, at which time he passed along to the
advisable. The ecstatic dancing at such feasts British Honduran Witnesses the warm love
has been known to lead to a trancelike con- of those who had assembled at Mexico <;tty and
dition and actual harassment by demons.
Guatemala City, This brought them great deThe Bible's pure message is badly needed light.
among these people in order to set them free
from such gross superstitions. It was a real What Future for British Hondurans?
British Honduras has made some rapid
pleasure to us to learn that the message
of Jehovah's kingdom is finding acceptance strides toward sel!-government. It is hoped by
among the Caribs, and that from their ranks the party presently holding office that in 1968
have come some who are already enjoying plans at present under way wlll bring inde--
24
AWAKE!
0
ROSPEROUS and
progressive! This is
the first impression
We get upon arriving
here on our tour of Mid
die America. The modern airport, the fine
highway Into the capital of San Jose, the clean
streets, the gaUy hand-painted oxcarts, the
number of big cars, the scarcity of barefoot
natives, the number of foreign enterprises and
sales representatives for all sorts of imports
-these are the things that create the image
o1 a thriving state of affairs. In the rurals
there are lush vegetable gardens, dairy farms,
and cattle ranches in addition to thousands of
acres of rich coffee and banana plantations.
We see why the travel folders call this country, which has abundance of orchids, the
"Garden of the Americas."
Here one can enjoy about any climatic tem
perature desired and get it any time of the
MARCH 8, 1967
25
26
AWAKE/
recalled to mind that we saw this same fraudulent practice being carried on in the cathedral
of Guadelupe in Mexico.
It was to this fanatically religious city of
Cartago that two special pioneer publishers of
God's Kingdom were
sent in 1955. At first
they were hardly able
to give their sermons
or mention Jehovah's
of
27
Where
Oceans and
28
Unite
Thatcher Ferry Bridge, near the Pacific entrance to the Canal. This land link carries
traffic high up over the approach to the Canal,
and so constitutes an important feature of the
Pan-American Highway system. Like the Canal, this Bridge also lies within the Panama
Canal Zone, a narrow, strip in the center of
the Republic that has been leased to the United
States Government for operation and protection of the Canal.
Naturally, the Canal and adjacent points of
interest just had to be included in our tour.
It was surely educational to be there right at
the spot and see how this great waterway
raises huge oceangoing vessels to eighty-five
AWAKE!
the Edison 'Ibeater for the English sessions, are mcated 1n Panama's densely
populated south end.
Speaking ,of dense population, some of
us travelers had never before seen a
district like that known as "Los Chorrillos.'' Narrow streets, two and threestory buildings jammed together, and
noise everywhere. Add to this the
apparent confusion of buses of all
sorts, sizes and colors in endless procession, dropping and picking up passengers anywhere and o!ten while still
in motion. Negotiating a narrow corner,
the bus driver just has to mount the
sidewalk with his trent wheels, and let
the pedestrian beware! Homes and
small business establishments along the
main streets are like cubbyholes, some
wide open to the passing throngs and
others with only the lower half of the
door closed. And everywhere, on streets,
Some of the more than 18,000 ships that transtt the
in doorways, on verandas, there are
Panama, Ca.nal each year. Here seen at the Mkaflores
crowds of people, young and old. VeranLooks near the Pa.c11lc
das above the street are festooned with clothes
feet above sea level, and all of this without lines bearing the household wash,
any system of mechanical pumping. The
often a bus is simply a pickup truck, operl
dammed waters of the Chagres River and Ga at the back and covered -over much below
tun Lake are released by gravity into the ap- shoulder height, and equipped with two long
propriate canal locks either to raise or to low- benches facing each other. One just gets 1n
er the ships in transit.
and grabs a seat before the driver starts up
We wondered how the ships managed to ne- again. If one happens to be a standee, then
gotiate the narrow canal locks without dam he wlll have to stand in a low hunch and hope
aging them. The answer came as we watched he can straighten out upon reaching his destl
how a number of electric-powered "mules" natron. Five cents is the usual fare in these
were harnessed to each side of a transiting about-town buses. Larger buses with more
ship to make sure that it did not veer to one seats crowd three people into every seat.
side or the other. While centered by cables
The city has Its better sections, too, Sec-'
from these mules the large ship proceeds tions where there are gracious Spanish-style
through the locks. The dispatch with which homes and apartments, and at the north end
mighty ships are moved through the locks of the city where the Watch Tower Society's
helps us to understand how 35 ships can be fine branch office is located are to be found
cleared through the waterway each day, 13,000 some excellent hotels, such as the Continental
ships each year, and, as a total since the canal and the Panama Hilton. Here, too, are areas
was opened in 1914, more than 360,000 vessels. where upper-class housing developments are
under way, such as that known as Punta Pal
Interest Focuses on Panama City
tilla. Out beyond this development is what
However, unique and interesting as the Ca. is knOwn as Old Panama, the city that Captain
nal is, our interest was focused PRrtlcularly on Morgan raided centuries ago, and where now
the capital of the Panamanian Republic, for there are only ancient ruins around which a
there two assemblies of Jehovah's witnesses pleasant park has been formed.
had been organized, one for Spanish-speaking
delegates and one for English-speaking dele Other Visitors
gates. True, this would mean so'rile degree of
Of course, not all the foreigners attending
separation, but it also would mean that the full the assemblies in Panama City came by airprogram that had been enjoyed in so many
northern assembly places would be available plane. Some of us drove troin San Jose, Costa
for both sections of the population. The two Rica. by car. What a sight it is to drive
auditoriums secured, the Gimnasio (Gymna- by miles of lush banana trees with huge stems
sium) Neco de la Guardia for the Spanish and of green bananas hanging gracefully in the
MARCH 8, 1961
29
Witnesses throughout the Republic really exerted themselves to attend the "God's Sons of
Liberty" Assembly, scheduled for December
24-28,1966. Most other Panamanians were concerning themselves with Christendom's approaching festive season, but not so those who
knew and were anxious to please the true God,
Jehovah. From a f a r western province came
three chartered buses with 150 passengers. One
little fellow of live years of age began picking
beans months before so a s to be able to pay
his bus fare. All the pioneer ministers of the
Witnesses were present.
For the public lecture, 'WanMnd's Millen.
nium Under God's Kingdom," delivered on
Sunday. December 25, there was a combined
audience of 2,110.On the following day a total
of sixty persons responded to the talk on haptism, and were taken to a lovely swimming
pool in Balboa, Canal Zone, where they symbolized their dedication to Jehov a h God. This constituted t h e
highest number ever to be baptized a t one assembly in Panama.
During t h e assembly we
learned how thoroughly the 1,5W
Witnesses in Panama are covering their unique assignment of
territory. No campesino (small
f a r m e r ) i s overlooked. F r o m
plantation to plantation the Witnesses go, carrying a message of
hope and comfort to natives who
arc busy fertilizing, spraying.
pruning and harvesting the banana crop. Out into the small
towns and villages the Witnesses
t r a v e l with t h e i r message on
film, and rejoice to find large audiences turning out to receive the N. H. Knorr, president of the Watch Tower Society, delivers
Kingdom message in this form. the keynote address to conventioners in Pansma City
30
AWAKE!
racial origins a t e breakfast regularly, the headwaiter approached one and inquired: "Who are
you people? You all seem so happy, and there
is no discrimination among you-how can it
be?" He was pleased to learn that we were
the same people who published the book R m
Paradise Lost to Paradise Regained, which he
already had. He was encouraged to read and
study it with his Bible.
One woman in downtown Panama came and
requested that a Bible study be conducted in
her home. Why? Well, one of her little girls
attended a n assembly session out of curiosity,
saw one of the Bible dramas and came home
so filled to overflowing a t all she had seen
and heard that the mother just had to find
out what it was all about.
The name Panama, we were told, is a n Indian word having the meaning "plenty of
fish." Doubtless there still are plenty of fish
around its shores. However, a s our visit to
this land came to a close, our minds were on
quite a different kind of fishing. We were re.
minded about Jesus' words promising to make
his followers "fishers of men." (Matt. 4:19)
As we said good-bye to the Panamanian Witnesses and departed for the airport we rejoiced with them that they have the privilege
of serving here where oceans and continents
unite, attracting people of all kinds to the worship of the true God, Jehovah.
WATCHTOWER
1 1 7 A D A M S ST.
B R O O K L Y N , N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Please send me the beautifully illustrated, 256-page book From Paradise Lost t o Paradise
Name
City
IMAROH 8, 1967
.
.
. Zone or Code
31
.. .
WATCHTOWER
I am enflmln S)c
=.ftnesarsor&
1 17 ADAMS ST.
BROOKLYN, N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Phase .cod me the 4lC-P.Be. kmdbolmd t-wk W e %MlIadttmo4uFTWUUU
Street and Nrnber
m Bolde and Fax
Name
CUY
In:
AUSTRALIA 8-3CANADA: xm
32
11 -ozd
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Sate
ZDne cr Cme
Rb Stratbnsld N.S.T. ENGLAND: The Rl
Iandon N.W. 7.
19: onr so. .*FRICA: -te
Bag 2, P.O. L m m t n , ~ s n s v a a ~
-.
AWAKE!
P"BLI(I~
SBXIMONTELY
~D
BY
4,475,000
S~nlimonthlY-.4friXxxxx,
Cehuano, Danisb, Duich, Fnsliih,
Finnish. Froueh, German, G i e d , linlm, Itdian, Jsymcla,
Kwean, Nomr8iao. Fortugioie, Spanfsh, Snerifrh, Tnszlo8,
!,.....
"",,,.
Monthlr-Phinesc,
F8F,ll, i:kral",a".
wlr*lon
subseriDfioo oxniies.
The Blhle tmnalation rslnlariY nrad in "Awakai" i s the New Wwld Tvanslatlan of tha Holy Scrlpturos, 1961 edition.
Whan othar translatlans ars Bred, thlr 11 slearly marked.
.1~1-"1-~1"-il~i-1~1-1~1,-1~1-1"1-1*,-"i-,:"-l,~i-ll-l,l,-",i-,,.-,l,.
CONTENTS
Worried About What
the Neighbors Think?
Why Did God Create Man?
Expo 67-The World
in a Thousand Acres
Which I s the Largest?
Colombia-A Fertile Land
Ecuador Welcomes News
of a Brighter Future
3
5
19
22
12
Chile-Land
25
13
16
of Many Latitudes
28
30
Volume X L V l l l
13:11
Number 6
W M A W
What the
Neighbors Think?
War
o.tv~+&&
we a shod
of the billions of unconscious dead who inherited sin and death from Adam.
Does that mean, then, that all these
dead are without hope? Do humans merely procreate, die, and forever cease to exist? What about God's original purpose in
connection with the earth, when he told
the first human pair to "be fruitful and become many and fill the earth and subdue
it"? Will righteous, sin-free pelsons ever
enjoy life in a restored earthly paradise?
AWAKE!
W h y International Exhibitions?
In November 1962 Canada was designated by the Bureau of International Exhibitions to be the country to hold the
1967 World Exhibition. An Act of Parliament the following month created the
Corporation for the 1967 World Exhibition. Montreal, the largest city in Canada, and the seventh-ranking on the
continent, was selected as the most suitable city. Perhaps, surprising to many, it
is also the world's second-largest Frenchspeaking city. Canada plans to spend $21
million on its own national pavilion and
exhibits as the host country. Total expenditures by all participating nations are
expected to be over $330 million. Why
such a tremendous outlay of funds? What
beneficial purpose will it serve? Why do
countries and cities vie for the opportunity
to hold such events?
According to information distributed by
Expo 67, the exhibition affords the occasion for the various countries participating to demonstrate their individual cultures and traditions in comparison with
others and also explain their hopes for the
future. This is highlighted in the Expo
theme: Man and His World. It is developed
in the subthemes that exhibits will attempt to amplify, such as: Man the Creator, Man the Explorer, Man the Producer,
Man in the Community and Man the Provider. The Expo symbol represents these
ideas and seems to express hopes for unity
of mankind. It employs a stylized figure
of a man with arms stretched upward in
a gesture of worship, sets this figure in
pairs to represent unity, then makes a
complete circle with eight pairs to indiMARCR 88, 1967
us look =ound. Montreal's Metro, its subway, will bring us to what was previously
called Mackay Pier, a breakwater in Montreal's harbor. This has been extended and
built up with four million tons of new
land. Here we find the entrance to Expo
67. Off to the right we see Expo Stadium,
seating 25,000, which will be the site of
a number of international sporting events.
As we enter the Expo grounds, the first
large structure we see is the Administration and News Pavilion. Next, to the
north, is the Art Gallery, housing 160
works of art intended to emphasize the
theme, Man and His World. It is in this
same area that we find the International
Trade Centre mentioned earlier.
At the entrance we can board Expo Express, an electric train on an elevated
roadbed, to ride free of charge to the
next location we wiU visit. The Express
reaches the four main areas of the exhibition. A secondary means of transportation around the various sites, a minirail
system, will branch out from the Express.
As we head out toward the end of the
peninsula, and just before we turn to cross
10
saw the United States Pavilion. With emphasis on its industrial and space accomplishments, the 449-foot-long pavilion has
as its theme "In the name of man, for the
good of man."
Now back to Expo Express for the last
leg of the tour. After being inside many
buildings and taking in so much knowledge we will welcome this part of Expo!
I t is the area set aside for entertainment.
It will also be the basis for a permanent
recreational spot, incorporating some of
the best ideas of such famous places as
Disneyland and Tivoli Gardens. An international plaza will be set up here so that
visitors can shop for the u n ~ ~ u wares
al
and try out the exotic foods of many nations. For more direct entertainment there
will be the World Festival, called "the
most ambitious and varied entertainment
program ever brought to North America."
Leading opera, ballet and theater companies, famous orchestras and groups will
perform. Besides this there will be much
free entertainment, such as touring groups
that will perform for those waiting to get
into pavilions. Or, if you just want to relax and watch the children play, this area
offers that a t Children's World, especially
designed for ages four to ten, with places
for parents to sit. You might also enjoy
a casual stroll among the trees and rocks
of Ile Ste-HGlGne, where there will be an
outdoor exhibit of fifty major works of international contemporary sculpture. Truly, every effort is being made to portray
man's accomplishments.
Each year all the giant blast furnaces of the world are said to produce a half billion tons of steel. Dwarfing this production is the work
of tiny units of life--cells of green plants. In the same period of
time, they will take 100 billion tons of carbon and transform it into life
sustaining fats, sugar, starches and proteins. During this process, these
small cells release oxygen, supplying us with fresh air to breathe.
12
AWAKE!
ORDERING
on t h e Rep u b l i c of
P a n a m a , wlth
7 1 0 m l l e s of
coast on the Carlbbean Sea and
580 miles on the
Paclfic, Colombia was the first
South American
country encountered on our
tour of the "God's Sons of
azine enjoyed the issue of March
Liberty" International Assemblies. On our way to
8, 1967, with its eyewitness acthe industrial port city of
counts by delegates to the "God's
Barranquilla, where the
had been under way. Then
Sons of Liberty" International Asbranch office of the Watch
success a t last as the consemblies of things they saw and
t r a c t w a s signed. T h e
Tower Society is located
heard
in
eight
lands,
from
Mexico
and which city was chosen
search for room accomrnothrough to Panama. In the present
to be the site for an interdations began early and
issue the story of the assembly
national assembly of Jehoalso took much time. Most
tour takes you into five lands on
homes in this and other
vah's witnesses from Dethe west side of South America,
cember 28, 1966, to January
Colombian cities were al1, 1967, we looked down
ready Nled to capacity. In
f r o m t h e a i r p l a n e on a
fact, one private house apgreen land. Bananas and
proached by a W i t n e s s
many tropical foods grow well near the coast proved to have a t least twenty families crowdof Colombia. If we had the time to Visit all ed into its limited space.
parts of Colombia, we would have found a
The families and friends of Jehovah's witvariety of climates, and crops such as coffee, nesses throughout Barranquilla cooperated
rice, tobacco, cotton, cocoa, sugar and wheat. generously, often doubling up with one anothThere are also vast forests in this very fruit- er in order to provide rooms and homes for
ful country.
the eagerly awaited delegates. School officials
How did it come about that a very Catholic. gladly offered empty classrooms free of
dominated country like Colombia could be a charge. In one insGnce a school was made
host to an international assembly of Jehovah's available so that it might serve as dormitory
witnesses? To be sure, it was to be a new for some 2W male conventioners.
experience for Jehovah's witnesses in Colom.
The long-anticipated opening day was near.
bia. The first witness of Jehovah began ing. By plane, train and chartered bus, travpreaching ihe good news up in the mountains elers converged on the assembly city. Since
of Colombia in 1922. He became a Witness be- roads are often mountainous and unpaved, it
cause he got ahold of one Watchtower maga- meant many patient hours in coming. Jeeps
zine in 1920. Two years later he was joined by and trucks can hold quite a few passengers,
another Witness, and for nearly twenty years and in they came by the dozens. One canoe
these two men were the only witnesses of Jeof thirtysix conventioners had the mishovah in Colombia. Some seeds of Kingdom load
of losing most of their possessions in
truth were scattered by these two Witnesses afortune
stream when their powered canoe overand a few others, but it was not until Watch turned.
Yet they came on regardless-why,
Tower missionaries were sent to Colombia in they could
not miss Colombia's biggest as1946 that the real harvest work began. Colombia is proving itself to be a very fruitful land sembly!
What would be the effect on this assembly
in the production of praisers of the Almighty
God. In a period of about twenty years the city, where Roman Catholicism has heen dominumber of Kingdom witnesses has increased nant for so long? No public advertising was
to the current peak of 4,250, who were in the attempted and newspapers said little. Would
opposition arise as in previous times and atland to welcome the conventioners.
tempt
to interfere with our program? PerA great deal of preparatory work had to be
done in connection with this fiveday event haps a look into the background of this counthat would bring together some 2M) foreign try will help the reader to appreciate the
delegates as well as Witnesses and interested impact of this "God's Sons of Liberty" Assempersons from 134 congregations and groups bly in this land.
MARCH 82, 1967
13
15
16
AWAKE!
Time0 of Change
Observations in Ecuador
We saw much in Ecuador in
the few days we were there.
from the banana, coffee and
cocoa plantations on the coast
to the fantastically fertile plateaus, where the rich black
topsoil is thirty.flve to forty
feet deep in places. In the
jungles beyond the mountains,
we were told, lie unexplored
riches, oil and lumber resostill untouched The city of Guayaquil
itself is a thriving commercial port in which
there is utae to attract the ordinary tomist.
We
~ learned
~
.that it took its name from a man
named Guayas and a woman named Quil, who
traBitimally
suicide in protest
against the atrocities committed by the devoutly a t h ~0n-d~~~
that
I,to
it is easy to see the
rdigion has had on the lives of all. There, on
the high hill overlooking the city, used to
stand the ancient Inca Temple of the Sun, and
across the city stood the Temple of the Moon.
--
--
with
wsm
W. Fraa. s&
Toaer
17
On the latter site there has been substituted a This welcome was greatly appreciated by JeCatholic convent and church
hovah's witnesses and is certainly a n indication
Quito nestles among the snowcapped vol- that responsible men in the country recognize
canoes of the Andes. I n the western hemi- that the Witnesses are a clean, harmonious,
sphere it is surpassed in continuous existence hardworking organization that bring with them
a s a city only by Mexico City and Peru's city to Ecuadorians a n a u e n c e for gwd. This was
of Cuzco. Here, a s in Guayaquil and indeed their first international assembly in the connall over Spanish America, the church gives try, and we are confident that it has beneficially
more prominence to the worship of Mary than affected many sheeplike ones.
to the worship of God, more attention to the
The hunger for the good news and the
Virgin than to Christ Jesus. Two years ago the bright future promised for obedient creatures
military junta accorded to Mary the rank of that is everywhere evident in this land is
General. The ceremony of installation included pointed up by the experience of one young man
the hanging of a sword in front of the image who was visiting Quito a t the time of a circuit
of Mary, she being pronounced Patroness of assembly. A missionary sister spotted him,
saw his interest and took
the Armed Forces.
time to speak with him. I n
Mary is really the goddess
fact, she commenced a brief
of the Catholic church in
study in the "Good News"
Ecuador. One of the most
booklet. W h e n h e h a d t o
frequent questions directed
leave for home, 150 miles b e
to Jehovah's witnesses in
yond the mountains, she SUEtheir houseto-house ministry
gested continuing the study
is: "0
you believe in the
by mail. When he got back
Virgin?" If one says he does
to his jungle home he arnot believe in God, that is
ranged to attend another
circuit assembly, where he
passed off a s something not
was baptized. Meantime he
too extraordinary, but to say
preached in his home disthat one does not believe in
trict, reported his work to
the Virgin, that is terrible.
the branch office, and was
On the facade of one of Guahappy to be told that a ciryaquil's schools we saw a repcuit or traveling represent a t i v e of t h e Society had
resentation in tile of Mary
been scheduled to visit him.
crowned a s queen and crushImagine t h e surprise a n d
ing the serpent's head with
pleasure of that visiting repher foot. And her crown was
resentative to find on arrival
actually formed of stars!
Tilework : ~ t Guayaqoil school in that remote region that
~rra~lcously
depicts Mnry 'bruisinc thirty persons had been asA Hopeful Future
the serlrnlt's head' ((+en. 5:15;
sembled to listen to
~ i Rev.
1'z:l)
A b r i g h t a n d h a p p y fuble counsel and news of a
t u r e f o r E c u a d o r ' s peobrighter future!
ple is in the sure promises of God's Word,
The growth of interest in the Bible's message
the Bible. Thus the messengers who bear such and in participation in the work of spreading
newsu to the peopleshould fittindly be it in Ecuador is most heartening. Back in
as a force for peace and unity. 1956 there were in the country 303 publishers
in 10 congregations. In 1966 the peak number
It was interesting to note the three.column
of publishers had risen to 1,575, organized in
article in one of Ecuador's leading newspapers 3y congregations. A great deal of this
which included the following greetings to dele- may bc attributed to Jehovah>s blessing upon
gates arriving for the assembly of Jehovah's the faithful labors of twentyeight missionw~tnesses:
aries, graduates of the W'atchtower Bible
''The National Government, the Ministry
School of Gilead. God's approval has also been
manifest upon the activities of many native
of Commerce and Industry and the Ecuadorian Corporation of Tourism is pleased
Ecuadorians who have set aside less important
to welcome the distinguished group of
matters and devoted themselves to the preachNorth American tourists (Jehovah's Witing of the Kingdom's message of a bright fu.
ture. As the touring Witnesses from other
nesses) that is visiting the City of Guayaquil from 1 to 4 of January, 1967, and
lands left Ecuador on their way to still another
to declare them Guest of Honor, with the
country, they rejoiced in the opportunity they
fervent wish that t h d r stay in the country
had had to associate with such a zealous group
may be the pleasantest possible."
of Jehovah's servants.
18
AWAKE!
HE I n c a r u l i n g
dynasty that subjugated and controlled t h e Indian
t r i b e s of P e r u f o r
hundreds of years before the arrival of the
Spanish styled their
royal family "Children
of the Sun." The sun
~~$~effim~&pii~
;
1
19
&on
not yet Inve6ligated is
safd to contain the bones of habies. Where all these stacks and
stacks of bones eame from, what
is back of the gruesome collection, remains a mystery. A few
blocks away is the Inquisition
Plaza. Here we were shown a
section of wall in which victims
of that Catholic institution were
d e d inside. in it standiag position, while still alive. and left
there to dmte dowly. There
were even scratches on the inside
Bides,andpm~bp
steep declivities.
~ncaism
to Catholicism
-Not a Great Stride
The visitor in Peru is
struck by the uniform
manner in which the
Catholie church has
adopted the sites, the ritualthefestivalsandthe
attitude of the ancient
state -ion.
For example, the Santo Doming0
Church, Cuaco, was built &%%
atop the ruins of the
Temple of the Sun; in MoL 8.nto
1534 fhe monastery was
boPIL
erectedonthesiteofthe -OitLs8..
temple dedicated to the worsMp of the moon,
stars, thunder, Eghand rainbow. Another
church and monastery covered the palace of
the Virgins of the Sun, whose occupants often
became concubines of the Inca.
~
~
the creator
~ deity h
of the rnca
,
pantheon, also had a temple in Cuzco. The
church of the m-ph was built on its rtdns.
and it is fnteresttng to note that it has an
with a 'pepresentation
altar to the "hoty
of
-o,,&&
by three
of the
sun. At the village of Cbinchero,just eighteen
miles away, the highest part of an Inca temple
rnin is the site of a church in honor of "Our
Lady of Natlvity))I the very stones of the ancient structures having been used in its con.
struetian. The church contains artwork of a
native miancatholic p b t e r , depicting a
mixture of pagan Inca and Catholic religious
?!
- --
Fvww-
SceneP
oftheseghastIytombssaidto
soda.
**
~ & ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~
gAeM m
20
AWAKE1
MARCH
8% 1967
21
9
..
x
..
:,
V m I V E BARRIERS
..
rc~~~..,..~..,..,..,..,.rcIC.,..,..,..,..LL~..,..,..,..
$
home that
HYSICALLY the land named after the revolutionist Sim6n Bollvar is truly divided
- " hv the loftv ranees of the Andes mountalns. To the west liei the lofty plateau eount~y, with an altitude of 12,500 feet above sea
level. To the east the vast lowlands that occupy seven-tenths of Bolivia's entire area,
comprising dense tropical forests and spacious
grassy plains, a r e practically without population. Then in the gorges and valleys along the
eastern slopes of the Royal Cordillera there
a r e cities that serve a scattered mountain p o p
ulation. Lack of good transportation and communications intensifies the divisive effect in
this landlocked country.
Another divisive feature is language. Though
Soanish is the official Ia~rtUaee.olllv 37 wr-
~~
First Impressions
Emereine from a nressurized aircraft into
lects are spoken in Bolivia. The Indian's ten- Friday morning, January 6, 1967. They came
dency to isolate himself, dealing with the from North America and other parts of the
Spanish-s~eakinggroup only when absolutely world to attend the "God's Sons of Liberty"
n&essar<- . ooeritei
to-mainInternational ~ s s e m
tain this separation of two
hly. Thrilling indeed
cultures.
was the welcome they
Finally, there is the harreceived from 150 Borier of religion that divides
livians w-ho held up a
the people of this land. I t is
huge 'Welcome" bantrue that Bolivia is officially
nel; s a n g Kingdom
considered to be ovenvhelmsongs, threw rose petingly a Roman Catholic
als and treated each
country, and this appears to
arriving delegate to
be borne out by the thouthe typical warm hug
s a n d s of Catholic shrines
and pat on the back.
Then there was the
and churches that dot the
loading into a fleet of
land. However, among the
taxis that were to
Indians the religion forced
take the visltors into
upon them by the swords of
the city. But where is
the conquistadores is purely
the city? Then, suda superficial one. Deep down
d e n l y , as w e d r o v e
in their hearts they are
along we saw it, the
strictly worshipers of their
whole city, for there
own pagan gods. F o r in. Ls Paz. Bolivia. vierved from lookout some it lay f a r below us,
p e r h a p s 1,000 f e e t
stance, thereis the Indian god 1,000 fket abovh
22
AWAKE!
below in a cup-shaped depression, for all it came by its name. I t appears that when the
the world like an extinct volcano crater. I t Soanish m s t saw i t thev asked. What is it
was breathtaking to see. and as we dipped tilled? (in Spanish, ioomo se lama?) and the
swiftly down into the city we could note that name stuck
wherever one chose to eo
- he would be either
climbing steep streets or going down them. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b z ~to unity
p ~ i ~ t
Narrow streets. Spanish-style balconied houses,
arriving
from
abroad were
a mixed street population of Indians, whites
and those of mixed ancestry, trailic police happy to learn that the assembly was to be
mounted on their strange little rostrums, were held on the third floor of the very hotel in
a few of the things that captured our atten which they would be staying, the Hotel La PaZ.
tion in this mountain city.
How convenient! And another thing-from
We could even detect the differences in In- their hotel window they would be able to view
dian tribal representatives by the kind of hat one of the most impressive sights of this
worn by the women. Some
scenic land, the mighty
Mount Illimani towering up
wear a hat quite similar in
shape to the English bowto its elevation of 22,000
feet. How its snowy cap rel e r h a t , o t h e r s a widebrimmed hat. Some of the
flectcd the dazzling sunmales were wearing hats
light!
with earflaps attached,
The Saturday-morning
something previously seen
session in the hotel's Fanby some of the visitors only
tasy Hall was of special
i n t h e n o r t h e r n United
interest t o the EnglishStates and Canada in midspeaking delegates. A halfwinter. And look a t those
hour program of song and
dance by natives dressed in
Indians carrying tremendous loads on their backs!
typical Indian fiesta cosHow d o they do i t in this
tume, to t h e accompanirare atmosphere where visment of Indian-style music
itors are already panting
r e n d e r e d on t h e i r own
from the least exertion?
S t r a n g e instruments,
Marvelous, is it not, what
proved to be a pleasurable
oaf stranae Indian remedies
a human body will adapt variety
surprise. Then, too, there
are available
itself to?
were heart-stirring experiLa Paz' population of 400,000 presents a fine cnces related by missionaries who have spent
cross-section of life in Bolivia, for to this city many years in Bolivia, struggling amid difcome Indians from the surrounding area to ficulties to get the Kingdom preaching work
sell their produce, their handicrafts, in the started and then joyously noting the marvelopen.air markets. Here laid out on the ground ous increase that Jehovah has given. Visitors
the visitor encounters all kinds of strange got a clear and accurate view of genuine misfruits, vegetables, medicines, while the ven- sionary work and of those who persevered at
dors sit amid their wares vying for CUStOmerS. it and received rich blessings for doing so.
One market offers a great variety of strange Imagine the thrill of those missionaries as
"witchdoctor" remedies for every conceivable they told of the many persons they
ailment a s well as odd items, such as dried-up contacted and who are now
stalfetus of a llama, to be offered to the earthwart
CVitnesses
to
God's
name
and
mgdom!
goddess Pacha-Mama.
All of the assembly sessions were conducted
men we got our first glimpseof a fiama,
front of a most appropriate backdrop--a
Bolivia's beast of burden. Bearing a load on
his back, but head erect and eyes alert to huge mural depicting Bolivia a s a paradise,
watch everything that is going on, he struts snowy Mount Illimani dominating the scene,
along with dignified mien. So this is the a t the center of which two lifelike llamas
strange camellike creature that is the friend look& out curiously at the audience, while a
and helper of the humble Indian, his source llama lamb bounded onto the scene alongside
of wool, meat and leather, and provider of an rndian shepherd lad. me peace and tranlittle lambs to be pets for his children. Though
its head does remind one of the camel's, this quillity of the scene delighted everyone.
At the
address, "Building on a
graceful creature has none of the ungainliness
of the camel. AS one visitor put it: "just see Right Foundation with Fire-Resistant Mahow cute the Creator made their little rumps terials," a total of 664 listened to N. H.
and tails!' It was interesting, too, to learn how Knorr, president of the Watch Tower Society.
way
23
This was a greater number than the peak real effect on their hearts and minds. Slavish
attendance at any previous Witness assembly performance of outward rituals was no new
held in Bolivia. I n the evening a n audience of thing to these Indians. And a unity achieved
675 enthusiastically greeted the release of a by compulsion bas proved to be no genuine uninew book in Spanish. Life Evw'Zustirag--An ty. Said one high school professor in La Paz:
Freedom of t h e Sons of God. Then it was "The Indian worship of their forefathers and
really thrilling to see Fantasy Hall packed thc Indian concept of the soul have shoxvn
out with a crowd of 1,053 persons for the pub- themselves immune to the action of the [Cathlic lecture delivered by M. G. Henschel, one olic] missions. . . . the imposing ci~urches
of the SocieQ+s directors. The peak number spread throughout the country have not folof Witnesses in the country is 647, and many filled their mission and their deteriorating
of tinem, for one reason o r another, could not building fronts are not only a consequence of
get to La Paz from remoter areas of the land. time and poverty, but also a symbol."-El
Making allowance also for about one hundred Diario (Daiiy), La Paz. October 28. 1966.
visitors from abroad, it still appears that sevThe Church of San Francisco them in La
eral hundreds of the loral population were Paz, visited hy the Witness tour group, is an
eager to learn what the Bible has to say about example of the Indo-Spanish hybrid a r t frethe blessings of the coming thousand-year quently seen in these structures. The Indian
r e i m of Christ.
has dccorated the outside walls with his own
There had been much publicity about the ancient symbolisms. I t is said that construcassembly and the public talk. Eanners had tion of this building began in Au-wst, 1549. Inbeen strung across some of the main streets. dians can be scen entering it and leaving a t
Newspapers had mentioned many features of all hours of the day. The Indian woman re
the assembly and photographs had been re- moves her hat before entering, contrary to the
produced. Dramas were mentioned and Bo- usual Catholic practice of having women cover
livians love dramas. So interestingly it turned their heads. When passing by any such church
out that Sunday night when the drama of buildina the Indian. not only makes the s i ~ n
"Look to the Bible a s Our Guide in Life" was of the-cross, that gesture t h a t shows more
presented, not only was every seat filled, but respect to the building than for tine Bible
people were standing on tables, windowsills, principles that should be taught in it, but he
anywhere they could fit into the Fantasy Hall. also kisses his hand.
and the attendance was 1,150. One newspaper
reporter present said it was the best play he Monuments o f Ancient Bolivia
had ever seen. But the important thing was
Visitors to this convention in L a Paz were
that Bible principles were deeply impressed also treated to delightful tours of interesting
on the minds of all who saw it.
places. Perhaps foremost was the trip to Lake
Monday morning, January 9, produced an- Titicaca, considered by many Indians a s a."hoother gratifying development. Sixty-six Bolivi- ly place." The highest navigable lake in the
ans responded to the discourse on "Responsi- world, with a surface that is 12,506 feet above
bilities of a Baptized Witness" by offering sea level, its waters are a beautiful deep blue.
themselves for immersion in water in token Remains of ancient Indian monuments have
of the fact that they had already dedicated been discovered submerged in its waters near
themselves to the service of their Creator. Puerto Acosta This has stirred archaeological
Jehovah.
excitement, for tile underwater discovery inHow upbuilding it was to us visitors to La cludes a n extensive avenue built of marble in
Paz to see people f m m all walks of Bolivian a n excellent state of preservation.
life, people from the mountains and the plains.
Our mute lay through the high plateau r e
Quechua and Aymara and other Indians, united gion 12,000 to 14,000 feet above sea level, and
a t this assembly in proof of their common yet rising still higher we had a Ene view of the
desire to know and serve the God of unity snowcapped mountains of the Royal Cordille
and of love! The prevailing atmosphere dur- ra. Glimpses into the life of the Indian popuing these few days of association was surely lation could be had here and t h e . An Indian
a foretaste of the unity and spiritual freedom woman weaving her colorful rug by the roadthat God's kingdom will confer upon all of his side fled, leaving all her equipment when she
obedient human creaturcs.
saw a cmwd of amateur photographers converging upon her. Here a man was herding his
Religious Confusion
llamas, and there a n Indian woman carrying
I n contrast to the peaceful, unifying religion a child on her back was spinning yarn on a
taught in the Bible is the state of religious spool a s she walked along. At the lakeside it
confusion everywhere evident in this land. The was interesting to see the modern yachts of the
religion to which Spanish might compelled the wealthy moored alongside the reed boats of
Indian population to conform has had little the Indians.
24
AWAKE!
fs aptly called M w n Valley. We were taRen in taxis to visit this area comprising
deep valleys thousands of feet beIm La
Paz There we were amazed a t the strange
mclr formation at volcanic stone It was
d M i d t to t o e v e that meh mmnlike terrain could exist anywhere on our earth,
yet there it was before our eyes One
jagged &?mmheme of dark ruck jutting
above tbe rest .in one ridge is called Mu&
deZ Diablo (Devil's Molar). It is believed to
be the core of an old volcano whose sfdes
have eroded, leaving only the feeder pipe
or neclc of volcanic rock.
Lu Pse,Bollvie, lies Mom Valley with fta
Our visit to Bolivia was truly one to be Far below
iormatfO1lsoi vdcenlC
long remembered. When it came to a close,
our thoughts lingered with the many flne yet its people cannot &ord to develop them.
friends we had met and come to love. They live It surely needs a righteous, heavenly govern-
mcaUs:
It is a land Of divided
backm~.
in which one afftibn of the POP
latlon neither understands nor trusts the other.
It is a land where the few 8re verg wealthy.
while the vast majority live only from band to
month. It is a land teeming with rich rrsonrees,
HdRCE
32,1967
25
26
AWAKE!
T
A
to
every tree uf
am.
Jehovah God had created the man in his
image, that is, with a measure of the divine attributes of wisdom, justice, power
and love. By means of this simple restriction God was requiring the man to exercise these attributes in a unique way.
The restriction regarding eating the fruit
did place a test of obedience upon the man,
and it brought home to him that Jehovah
God had the right to tell him what to do
and what not to d 0 4 a s . 4:12.
It might even be said that Jehovah God
owed it to himself to make his creature,
the man, a m of His sovereignty over
the man in some such way. And in giving
man the choice God was mdemoring the
fact that man was a free moral agent,
able to choose between right and wrong
and to accept the comxwnces. Further,
with this command was implied man's
AWAKB!
B h e in Spaceoraft
O For 12 ti, 15 agonizing seconds, the three Lnited States
astronauts who met a fiery
death aboard the Apollo space
craft on January 27 reported
discovery of the blaze and
recognition of their peril. "Fire
.. .I smell fire," said one. Two
seconds later. Astronaut Edward White yelled: "Fire in
the cockpit!" Three seconds
later: "'Il~ere's a bad fire in
the spacecraft!" And seven
seconds later: "We're on flre
. . get us out of here!" cried
Roger Chaffee. Virgil Grissom
was the third of the astronauts that perished. The cause
of the blaze has not been determined. The men were engaged in a simulation of a
scheduled February 21 launch
that was to take them on a
14-day space flight National
Aeronautics and Space Administrator (NASA) James E.
Webb said sadly: ".<hough
everyone realized that space
pilots would die, who would
have thought the first tragedy
would be on the ground?" The
accident m a y delay t h e
manned moon shot scheduled
for 1968.
Brazil Floods
O Heavy rains poured on the
towns overlooking Rio de
Janeiro. Rivcrs spilled their
banks. Hillsides turned into
muck and triggered landslides
that buried towns and villages.
"Without fear of error you can
place the death toll a t over
500 in Mazomba and Coroados
alone," said Nilo Esteves,
secretary to State Governor
Twtonio de Araujo. "Those
two towns a s well a s Itaguai
were almost wiped from the
map." Newspapers put the toll
a s high a s 1,000and one government report estimated 500
to 800 deaths. Some 2,000families were made homeless.
'(Vitl~ol~t
Mhss 25 Years
O The district of Cochas in
Peru for twenty-five years has
existed without a single Roman Catholic mass, in fact,
Needless Killings
O L a s t y e a r n e a r l y 5,000 without any Catholic religious
Americans died in the Vietnam functions of any kind. The
Rise In Desertions
war, but more than three Catholic chapel has all but
O The South Vietnamese gov- times that number were shot crumbled to the earth. As a
ernment decree for desertion to death on their own home consequence a great majority
from the South Vietnamcse soil. lMany of these persons of the population of Cochas
armed forces that went into were shot to death by pwple have embraced other religions.
effect last spring provided for who had no business owning Among the population can be
punishment ranging up to a weapon. I n a recent study found Adventists, Sabbatardeath. Despite this, the num- Chicago police were able to ians, Jehovah's witnesses and
ber of desertions reported for trace the destinations of 4,000 others now. Some sixteen
the first eleven months of 1966 "mail order" weapons. They years ago a Roman Catholic
came to more than 109,000. found that 23 percent of them priest was to have been sent
The total for all of 1965 was had gone to purchasers with to Cochas to take charge of
the Catholic church there, hut
113,462. The December figures
are expected to push 1966 criminal records ranging from none showed up. The reason
ahead of the 1965 total. In murder to sexual molestation. given was the scarcity of
1966 the number of Commu- Every year some 17,000Ameri- priests. Today, reportedly,
nist guerrillas who reportedly cans are shot to death, usually there exists not onc Roman
defected hit a record high of because of senseless mishan- Catholic among Cochas' 1,720
20,242.
dling of a deadly weapon.
inhabitants.
AWAKE!
about 150 miles south of Australia, was swept by disastrous brush fires in February.
have
WATCHTOWER
1 1 7 A D A M S ST.
B R O O K L Y N , N.Y.
11201
I a m endosing $1. Please send me the modern-Enxllsh version aP the complete Bible. New
World Tnslation of the Holy Soripturss (1.472 Dazes. thin Bible pnpcr, hardbound, green cover
with gold-embossed title).
Name
City
MARCH
.......................................................................or Route
state
22, 1967
and Box
.
Zone or Code
...................
31
Many persons today are content to set their standard or to adjust their concept of right and wrong
to conform to the prevailing point of view of the
moment. As a result their lives are without direction and purpose and with no basis for security
or peace of mind. However, the Bible provides a
source of right principles that can add meaning
and stability to your pattern of thinking, that can
fortifv vour mind to maintain a consistent and
unwa;&ing course. In our modern world of
changing social standards you need the Bible and
proper guidance in reading it and understanding
it. The Watchtower conforms strictly to the Blble
and what it stands for. Read it regularly.
Read
WATCHTOWER
The WATCHTOWER
1 1 7 A D A M S ST.
1 Year, $1
BROOKLYN, N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Please send me !l'he DVatohtaUer for one year. I e m enclosing $1. For mailing the mupm I am
to receive free the three timely booklets Haallng of the Nations flss Drom New, When All
Nations Unite Under God's ICingdwl% and m e n God Is KIhg msr ALEthe &arm.
,Street and N
Name
or Pmute an
at$
State
Zone or Code .................,
In: AUSTRALIA address 11 Baresfwd Ad. StratMeld N.S.W. E N G L A N D : The Rldgeway Logdon M.W. 7.
C A N A D A ; 150 Bridgeland Ave., Toronto 34, Ont. SO.'AFRICA: Private Bag 4 P.O. ~lanmiontem,Transva&l.
32
AWAKEI
APR !L 8. 1967
=-=-==--~ ~
4,475,000
~~...;.,;.......;.......;.
J ~:h.t
twl)
I.;.Suts
be!o:~
s..~natlss
~ - Y.
The 61ble translatfoo re9ularly used in "Aw~bl" is the New V/orld Translation of the Holy Scrfpture.s, 1961 edition.
When otbcr tranalations are used, this Is clearly marked.
CO N TENTS
Meet the Challenge of Adversity
Worship of Dead Ancestors or L ove
for Living Parents?
When They Get the Keys to a Car
High Blood Pressure and What Can
Be Done About It
Enjoying Good Food in Argentina
Paraguay-in the Heart
of South America
s
12
17
19
Uruguay-Unique Among
Latin-American Lands
United States of Brazil-Colossus
of South America
Visiting Venezuela in the Interest
of Peace
"Your V/ord Is Truth"
What Kind of Wo rship
Does God Approve?
W atching the World
20
21
25
27
29
XLVIII
Number 7
CHAlLENGE
A.PRIL 8, 1961
APRIL 8, 1967
H e r e, t o o, i n c e n s e i s
burned, prayers are regularly said, flowers are
placed and even food is offered. However, after a
while the food is usually
thrown away or eaten by
the rest of the family.
Many parents instill
deeply in their childre n
this form of worship, because they believe that
such homage paid to them
after they have died will
ass i st them to enjoy a
happy existence in the "next life." It
is also felt that prayers by living relat ives will assure a future uniting of family
members in a life after death. In addition,
ancestor worship is believed to placate the
dead, ensuring that they remain friendly
spirits rather than become hostile ones
who may do the family harm.
Honor of Living Parents Vital
However, it is only natural that persons who have been taught to practice
ancestor worship are inclined to attach
importance to it. But think now: If you
worship your ancestors, for what reasons
do you consider such ancestors to be of
value? Why do you regularly burn incense before the family altar and offer
food there? Do you believe that the departed loved one can smell the sweet scent
or derive value from the food? If the person were really alive, would he not make
use of some of the good food that is offered? Does not t he fact that t he food is
left lUltouched indicate that the dead are
powerless?
Nevertheless, ancestor worshipers generally believe that the dead are more
powerful than when they were alive as
humans. Thus, many worship them to prevent their disp!easure or to avoid some
form of retaliation by them. But consider:
Are you personally acquainted with any
instance where a neglected ancestor came
back to cause living relatives trouble? Is
there any evidence that the millions of
earth's inhabitants who do not worship
their ancc!'>tors are ever troubled by them?
No, there is no evidence that they are.
Still, persons who believe that their worship might, in some way, benefit dead
loved ones are hesitant to forsake it. Yet,
when you stop to think, is t here any real
evidence that the dead are alive somewhere
and can accept such worship? Is ancestor
worship not simply a custom t hat has
been handed down from generation to generation since away back before the days
of Confucius? Yes, it is, and neither sound
reasoning nor the facts provide a solid
basis for practicing it.
AWAKE!
AWAKE!
.:-.?RIL 8, 1961
A case in point is a seventeen-year- whole show and the poor parents, rather
old high school football star. He easily than having an understanding, tend to
passed the driver's test. There was no pass the whole thing off as an act of
question about his skill in handling a car. youth."
Yet the first night out by himself, he ran
But misuse of the automobile cannot be
down a mother and child in a crosswalk dism:ssed as "an act of youth," as might
in a jackrabbit start. Why? What was the a ball accidentally thrown through a glass
trouble? The boy's athletic coach offered window or some other such mishap. It is
this explanation:
a life-or-death matter! As parents you
"If they had asked me, I could have told need to assert your authority and enforce
them t hat Harvey wasn't ready emotional- necessary rules and restrictions relative
ly to drive. He has a bad temper in the to use of the car. You must realize the
locker room and needles other players. He urgency of exercising more control over
is a flashy performer and carries a chip your teen-agers in the matter of how and
on his shoulder. His mental attitude when they drive. Such supervision will
showed itself in his driving as soon as he reap good returns, for youths love and rewas unsupervised. The boy just had to be spect parents that discipline and instruct
first away when that light turned green." them.
Parents' Moral R esponsibility
10
AWAK E.'
:'!-y , also, to impress upon him the im::-..ance of a proper mental attitude or
--~e of mind while driving. Endeavor to
.o.e.!op in him courtesy, respect for law,
c;:,-e:ulness and consideration for the
.;!:r.s of others. Although he may yet be
_ :~im-ager, it is vital that, when he is
-=-~-:md the wheel of a car, he be a mature
~.:::son who values life and property.
~:any high schools in the United States
:::::r driving education courses, and many
_sc parents have their youngster enrolled
-= one. Courses that meet nationally ac-~~:ed standards, not only provide hours
_: behind-the-wheel instruction, but en_:;, vor to develop good "traffic citizen:.p." Among other things, they teach
:-:at kinds of behavior are safe and what
_-;: not, what to expect in different traffic
-:'..lations, and consideration for pedestri::.::.s and other drivers. Surveys have
..:-:.wn that these courses have significant. reduced accidents among teen-agers,
--=d. therefore, many insurance companies
_::Cuce by 15 percent the insurance rates
-: young people who have taken them.
:-here is more that can be done to im;:-.:.ss upon youth the importance of safe
:.... :\ing. For instance, allowing youngsters
: see and hear firsthand what happens to
.~:ators. Some parents and educational
; . nups have arranged to attend court
~en traffic cases are being heard. If par_-::.s get in touch with the local court, the
_ige will no doubt be glad to have them
: :ne down to listen. He may even ar"'-"1ge to hear a series of cases that wil1
Je especially instructive and impressive
::::- teen-agers.
Another thing that some l aw::...:orcement officials fi nd effective is to
.:.=.\e youths visit the emergency ward of a
.:.:-spital and watch traffic accident cases as
:.:.ey are brought in. It can certainly make
.:. :asting impression that emphasizes the
.=;>ortance of safe driving! By inquiring
~-:>RJL
8, 1961
high blood pressure, and have to content ourselves with putting a little sand
in the fuel line to cut down the ftow
of gasoline."2
Just what is this high blood pressure
or hypertension? How widespread is it?
What factors influence it, and how
harmful can it be?
Most important of
all, what can b e
done about it?
What can
be done
What I s It?
Blood pressur e
refers to the pressure that the blood
exerts on the walls
of the arteries because of the heart's
pumping the blood throughout the body.
To measure this pressure, doctors use the
sphygmomanometer!( by which the pressure can be registered on a mercury gauge.
The blood pressure is indicated by two fig.
ures, the systolic, referring to the pressure
at the time the heart contracts or pumps.
and the diastolic for the pressure betweer:
heartbeats when the heart is being fillee
\.Vith blood. These two pressures are represented by two figures, such as 120; 70.
The diastolic or second figure is the mor.:o
important, as it represents the pressure o=
the walls of the arteries four-fifths of th2
time, between beats. The ideal pressurain the prime of life are the foregoing one&
While most practitioners take for grantee:
that the pressures will rise with advancir.i
age, they disagree as to just how great .:.
rise should be taken for granted.
Blood pressure often varies; it may i:~
high during the day but return to norms..
at night, when a person is resting or slee;:-ing. It may also vary depending up:whether one is sitt ing, standing or lyb;
about it
12
From sphygm o, meaning " pulse," aod manom":re terrtng to 'an instrument !or determining ;__
press ure o:r ga sea, va pors a nd liq uids."
AWAK.::
13
widely used for the first time. The decreased mortality for severe hypertension
was expected, but the variety and frequency of associated toxic effects was surprising."5 And, says one of England's
leading specialists: "Antihypertensive
The D rug Approach
medication is notorious for its undesirable
Some years ago the surgical approach side effects."6 Among the most common
was in vogue among the medical profes- and least serious of these is constipation.
sion. It involved an operation that cut the
This is also the considered opinion of
nerves constricting the blood vessels. To- The Medica~ L etter, a periodical devoted
day, however, it is rarely used except in to the efficacy of drugs. It holds that, exurgent cases of secondary high blood pres- cept in severe cases of high blood pressure. For the past ten or fifteen years the sure, the use of many of the drugs is quesdrug approach has come into favor, as tionable, since these do not cure but
more and more new drugs that could low- simply bring relief from symptoms and are
er the blood pressure have been discov- often accompanied with unfavorable side
ered.
effects.-February 2, 1962.
Certain of these drugs work on the kidneys, reducing both the plasma volume The Diet Approach
and the sodium content in the blood and
Some twenty years ago the German
are known, therefore, as diuretics. Other doctor W. Kempner came out with the
drugs counteract the chemical substances salt-free, low-protein, rice diet by which
in the blood that seem to trigger hyper- he had great success in treating high
tension. Still other drugs serve to relax blood pressure. While it seems t hat
the sympathetic and/or parasympathetic most doctors are reluctant to prescribe
nerves that constrict blood vessels. Then, such an unpopular diet, there is general
again, other drugs have a generally quiet- agreement that at least obese patients absolutely should cut down on their food
ing effect, reducing t he blood pressure.
Among the very latest drug approaches intake.
Regarding the relative merits of diet
is using a chemical binder for cadmium.
This harmful trace element is not found and drugs, Dr. E. L. Housel, a chief of a
in the body at birth but apparently enters hypertension clinic, writes: "Americans
the body through polluted air, coffee, tea consume too many calories, too much salt,
and from refined products such as pol- too much animal fat. Moderate reduction
ished rice and white flour. The urine of of these would be indicated. The ... evipersons having high blood pressure has dence which warrants these conclusions
been found to have forty times as much has been documented, but physicians have
cadmium as the average. By means of a been slow to advocate these restrictions
drug it is possible to rid the body of its in their everyday practice. . .. The overexcess cadmium, resulting in a return of shadowing of diet by the glamorous effective but expensive antihypertensive
the blood pressure to normal.
But with the use of all drugs there are drugs would seem unwarranted. Restricalways side effects to be reckoned with. tion of salt in the diet is an effective treatThus we are told that "during the last ment for hypertension, not as potent as
decade effective hypotensive drugs were new drugs, not as pleasant to the patient,
14
AWAKE!
15
Many doctors in the past recommended it, to be basically the result of too muchespecially in Europe. Particularly had the too much salt, too .much food, especially
use of Allimin, a garlic-parsley tablet, won too much animal fat, too much tension, too
high favor among certain physicians. It is much mental work, too many emotional
said to be heipful in both primary and problems, or too much pleasure and excitesecondary high blood pressure, reduces the ment. As regards salt, it seems that most
blood pressure from ten to forty points persons use too much, which also encourwithin an hour and its effects last for ages overeating, and so especially if high
blood pressure is in
twenty-four hours.
It is reported to
the family, it is wise
NE XT ISSUE
strengthen the heartto use less of it. Of
beat, s I ow up the
course, all obese perSPECIAL
pulse, clear up headsons with high blood
aches and relieve the
pressure should reduce until they reach
toxic condition in the
the average for their
intestines. It is recommended to be taken three days in a age, height and bone structure.
Perhaps more difficult is learning to exrow and then a day be skipped, and taking
it is said not to give one an unpleasant ercise self-control as to one's pace, learnbreath. Recent research in the Netherlands ing to slow down, to relax, getting more
tends to give suppo1Tt to the garlic cure. rest and sleep. Some practitioners recomThen there is the approach of manipu- mend that high blood pressure patients
lation as practiced by the chiropractor. spend every other weekend in bed. That
Chiropractic proceeds on the premise that may not always be practical, but one havhigh blood pressure is the result of an im- ing high blood pressure should learn to
balance between the sympathetic and para- content himself with trying to squeeze less
sympathetic nervous systems, resulting out of each day, guard against being overconscientious and, say, learn to go to bed
in an irritation of the nerves controlling
at ten o'clock instead of watch ing TV or
the arteries. It also recognizes the role being at parties until midnight.
that the emotions might play. Chiropractic
In brief, it means following the Bible's
adjustments are said to restore this bal- good counsel: "Let your reasonableness
ance as \Veil as aiding in removing muscle become known to all men," and be "modtension, all of which helps to reduce high erate in habits," knowing t hat "whatever
blood pressure.
a man is sowing, this he will also reap."
-Phil.
4:5; 1 Tim. 3:11; Gal. 6:7.
So, to the question as to what can be
done about lowering high blood pressure,
REFERENCES
1 Joun1al ot Chronic Diseases, November 1963.
there is much to choose from. Among
~Pathology tor PhysicU1m-Boycl (1965).
s Th.e Genmtologist, June 1966.
other things that have been recommended
~Essential Hyperten.si.on-clba
(1961) .
for it are physical exercise, certain herbs,
~ Annals of ltte~'nal Medicine, September 1962.
e The Nature ot Esse~ttial Hyperten..sion-Slr Georse
hydrotherapy and fasting. Next to the priPickering (1961).
1 Hypertension-Recent
Ad1.-ances-Brest & Moyer
mary factor of heredity, it might be said
(1961 }.
16
AWAKE!
- ~:d .
17
18
AWAKE!
.J..-:>RfL 8, 1961
19
C!dJ(]lQ:!J@ QdJ~ W
-Unique Among Latin-American Lands
ELEGATES to the "God's Sons of Liberty"
International Assembly in Montevideo, Uruguay, found that this is an unusual LatinAmerican country. It is not dominated by
church influence. Sectarian control over education is absent. It lacks the skyhigh mountains and lofty plateaus of its neighbors. Its
populat!on, mostly of European descent, is different in that there are no native Indians. Yet
it is a smiling land where rich pastures support great herds of sheep and cattle, and where
climate and vast stretches of beach lure tourists from all parts of the world.
Two masterpieces of bronze sculpture, depicting travel in the pioneer days, ornament
Montevideo. One of them is called La Diligencia (the stagecoach) and the other, extending for some fifty feet and weighing about
eighty-eight tons, La Gcmeta (a plains wagon
hauled by oxen l. Then there is the enormous
stadium, Estadio Centenario, which seats 80,000 excited soccer fans who come to watch
this popular Uruguayan sport. The planetarium
is noteworthy in that there are only two other
such structures in all Central and South
America.
From Montevideo the visitor looks out
across a river, the Rio de la Plata, whose other
bank in Argentina is far out of sight, 135
miles away. At the bottom of this international
waterway, doubtless engulfed in the thick ooze
that coats its bottom, lies the hulk of the Nazi
battleship Graf Spee.
Not far from the city beach of Pocitos is
situated the branch and missionary home of
the Watch Tower Society. An elegant twostory building with a facade of colorful flagstone, rustic brick and smooth plaster, it serves
as administrative center for sL,:ty-seven congregations and isolated groups in Uruguay
as well as those in the Falkland Islands, a
thousand miles away in the South Atlantic.
Though largely secularized, Uruguayans still
enjoy their festivals. The yearly visit to the
Virgin of Verdun (see Awake! of January 22,
1966), which used to draw throngs of pilgrims,
is now dropping off in popularity, people having become disillusioned as to the "virgin's"
power to bring health and good business. The
plaster-of-paris image of an Italian boy, Cono,
who allegedly heard a voice summoning him
to heaven, still attracts huge crowds to Florida, Uruguay. Pilgrims pin money to the rai-
20
.:2?:/L 8, 1967
21
22
AWAKE
23
24
VISITING
__elle zuela
25
26
AWAKE!
:...Sked you to give sound reasons for believ:ng that your worship is approved by God,
:hat would you say? Could you offer evidence that t he teachings of your religion
:rre founded solidly on God's Word, the
3ible? What is included in the kind of
Yorship that God approves?
To find the answers, we need to turn
:o God's own Word, the Bible. Please lo~ate your own copy of the Bible and open
_- to Matthew chapter four, verse ten. If
ours is the Autharizecl or King James
.,.rsion, you will find that it says there:
Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God,
.nd him only shalt thou serve." Yes, God
. equires that we worship him alone, giving
-'m exclusive devotion.- Deut 6:13, 14.
But who is the God that we are to wor'lip? He has a name, just as we have
-ames. Do you know what his name is?
esus did, and he used it, as shown when
-e prayed to his Father, saying : "I have
- .anifested thy name unto the men which
.bou gavest me out of the "vorld." (John
=..- :6, A V) Does your religion teach you
- hat God's name is? For example, does
. : familiarize you with such scriptures as
~aim 83 : 18, which says: "That men may
...:::)w that thou, whose name alone is
~OVAH, art the most high over all the
- ~!lh"? (A V) Have you been tat!ght to
-e that name in worship? The kind of
..!?RIL 8, 1967
drunkenness, stealing and other such behavior acceptable conduct on the part of
members of a congregation of true worshipers? The Bible straightforwardly answers: "Do you not know that unrighteous
persons will not inherit God's kingdom?
Do not be misled. Neither fornicators, nor
idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men kept for
unnatural purposes, nor men who lie with
men, nor thieves, nor greedy persons, nor
drunkards, nor revilers, nor e"':tortioners
will inherit God's kingdom." (1 Cor. 6-:
9, 10) A religion that winks a t such conduct among its members cannot possibly
have God's approval!-Col. 3:5-10; Rom.
12 :2.
Jesus further explained how those who
practice the kind of worship his Father
approves could be identified, when he said
to his disciples: "I am giving you a new
commandment, that you love one another;
just as I have loved you, that you also love
one another. By this all will know that you
are my disciples, if you have love among
yourselves." (John 13: 34, 35) Are you
acquainted with a faith whose members
demonstrate such love? If you know a religion that adheres to all these Scriptural
standards, it would be a wise thing to investigate further, for they certainly are
practicing the l~ind of worship of which
God approves.
a nd H eart Attaclcs
Priests on 'Wa r
a Killer
On February 27 Brooklyn
: ~trict Attorney Aaron E.
~: i?ta branded those who sell
~::> as "potential murderers."
~::> stands for the compound
::.>rgic acid diethylamide. It
said to be the easiest to
- - :..:c and to obtain of any
_: rhe hallucinogens, which
- :.:de marijuana. The drug,
o:-ding to Koota, is "the
- -'~ dangerous single drug"
~D
--=-.~:0
8, 1961
29
Signs of Breakdown
30
on the Campus
On campuses throughout
America there is n ew interest
in study about r eligion. One re
suit is that the nation's semi
naries, training future minis
ters, are beginning to lose
teachers to the colleges, where
many of the students are not
even sure they helieve in God.
"Some of my best students
don't necessarily believe in
God," says Dr. George W.
Fore ll, director o f Iowa's
School of R eligio n. "But
they're interested in religion."
One report says that by the
end of the century "100 of the
nation's 150 major semina ries
a nd dozens of smaller ones
could be eliminated-partly
because of the action on the
camp uses."
R~Ugion
BIBLE
11 7 ADAMS ST.
BROOKLY N , N.Y. 11 20 1
Please send me The Watchtower for one yea r. l am enc!osil1g $1. For mailing the coupon I
am to receive free the three booklets H cliny oJ t11e NMiQn.s Has Drawn Ncar, When All Nati~m'
Unite Uncl.et God.'s K in,l}dor~ and Whe-n God Is rCi.1g over Jilt tile Eart/1.
Name ................................................................ ...........
City ................................................................................... .
Stale.
..:...-oRIL 8, 1967
31
WATC HTOWE R
Piease send me: "Singi>~!Y ancl Accompanyb':f! Yoursel"t:es w !th f.ilusic i~ Your Hearts,"
( ] re;;ula r edition (each, 20cl. [ J delu:-.e euition (each. 50c) : [ ) set (s) ot 10 monaural
I.p. reco rds ot orchestral music from the sons boolt (each set, ~.50) . I am enclosing ....................
Street and Ntmber
or Route and Box ............................................................
Name ......................................................................................
City
State ........................................ Zone or Code ..................
In: AUSTRALIA address 11 Seresfor<i Rd., S trathfle!d, N.S.W. EN~LAND: The Ridgeway, London N.W. I .
CANADA : 150 Br!dgeland Ave., 'l'oronto lS, Ont. so. AFRICA : Priv:~.te Eag 2, P.O. :S!andsiontein, TransvaaL
32
AWAKE!
EVOLUTION
OR
CRUTION
B GOD /
fJ
Popular misconceptions undermine faith.
Scientific facts confirm the Bible.
APR IL 22, 1967
PuBLISHED SEMIMONTHLY BY
4,475,000
S>lbscrlpUou
bloro yor mow lno data. Gin as yoor old and new
add.re.s (II possible, yor old addrt label). Write
e>p~os.
Pri.D~
lo U.S.A.
Tbt Bible tranlatlon rtgularly used In "Awake!" Is the New World Translation of the Holy Seripturcs, 1961 dillon.
When otbtt tt&nslatlons are o.sed, this Is tl tarly marked.
r,:- IQ-';11 -W - 1-f-S:-Io.,_ IU._ illl_l',_ l;l_IIII -I>C _ Ufi_ U~ I:C-u;.
CONTENTS
3
l How Evolution Is Explained Today
5
7
9
10
13
14
I
I
lE
2(
Volu me XLVIII
Number 8
integration of morals! As
one prominent juvenile
court judge exclaimed:
t ion is accepted and
''Crime is overwhelming
taught. If you will pick up
our society." Dishonesty,
your child's high school or
immorality and lawlessness of all types have becollege textbook on biology, you will find evolucome the order of the day.
tion taught there. Even
"But what," you may
books for children in the
ask, "does the question of
?re-teen years contain
'Evolution or Creation'
have to do with the disintegration of morevolutionary teachings.
Nor is this confined to schoolbooks. als?" A second question you may ask is:
Evolutionary teaching saturates science, "What does it have to do with me at all?"
The answer to the first question is that
:;lhilosophy, history and even religion to1ay. Whenever the subject of the origin moral behavior is inftuenced by what one
is taught, and if you have children, they
~f life and the origin of man is discussed,
will be taught evolution in school. There
. l is almost always presented in evolutionis
a definite connection between this teach:..:-y terms. In newspapers, on the radio,
ing
and the fact that during the past two
~d over television, historical, scientific
?.!ld philosophical subjects are often intro- or three generations the Bible's high mor::uced by such words as: 'Millions of years al standards have been increasingly shoved
aside as old-fashioned. In this regard the
ago when our ancestors ... '
The religious leaders of Christendom well-known historian H. G. Wells made
:::ore and more accept and teach evolution. some interesting observations. In his book
:....s. a result, many clerics now deny the The O~dline ot H i story he noted how, in
3:ble account in Genesis about creation the latter half of the nineteenth century,
: ~t as the atheists do, calling it "myth," intellectuals seized upon Darwin's explanation of evolution. They used it as a weapon
: egend," or "allegory."
against the tyranny and authority of the
So the teaching of evolution has cap- church. Soon evolutionary theory gained
~--ed in its grip the overwhelming mawidespread acceptance. But with what re:rity of scientists and educators, and an sult? Wells, an evolutionist himself, ad...::creasing number of religious leaders. mits:
:ei, side by side with an increase in evolu"A real de-moralization ensued .. . There
::~ nary teaching we find a progressive diswas a real loss of faith after 1859. The
2R!L 22, 1961
\ If ANY persons have been sincerely led in Christendom, says in Volume I, page
_V1 to believe that the evidence is over- 755: "The reptile was content to stay in
abundant that you should teach your children evolution, even at the risk of their
losing faith in God and casting off the
moral restraint offered by His laws? Certainly not.
Shortage of Evidence
"w d,~a
: \\
/ I
"'\
..~
j //.
/
.---~ ,'-.....
URELY you
do not want
to depend upon
myths or theories or even
educated guesses for the answer to this vital question. Rather, you
look for information that is reasonable,
logical and in harmony with the facts as
you know them today.
What the Bible has to say on the subject is certainly reasonable. No mythical
stories about animals being developed into
men or of humans being produced from
seeds planted in the ground or of selfish
gods warring among themselves and producing men simply because of a whim.
And how logical and orderly the process
revealed in the Bible! First plant life, then
creatures of sea and sky, then land animals and finally man, each one endowed
with the ability to produce only its own
kind and no other kind. (Genesis, chapter 1) Is not this in harmony with the
facts as we find them today? Can a dog
/1 .,
,vrtgtJttlit.
~~~:~~~p~r~
1,000 years to
go, each creative day was at least 7,000
yea-rn in length. Man was created at the
Evolution's Explanation
Perhaps the greatest problem of the
evolution theory is to account for the ol'igin of life. In his 01-igi n of the Species
Darwin attributed it to a Creator, saying:
"There is a grandeur in this view of life,
with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few
forms or into one." Modern evolutionists,
however, generally disagree. According to
the New York Times of November 29,
1959, at the Darwin centennial celebration
in 1959 Sir Julian Huxley said that "evolution had no room for the supernatural. The
earth and its inhabitants were not created,
they evolved."
The routine explanation for the origin
of life is that presented in the widely read
book The World W e Live In) by t he editorial staff of L ife magazine, which claims,
on page 88: "At some indeterminate point
- some say two billion years ago, some
a billion and a half-the entity called
life miraculously appeared on the sui:iace
of the deep. . . . From such shadowy be
ginnings there emerged the wondrous procession of living things."
Some details are supplied five pages later as to how it supposedly happened: "It
is theoretically possible that on some distant day at the very dawn of time, when
the eat1:h's rocks were still hot and oceans
and a ir seethed with chemical turbulence,
certain organic compounds were synthesized in the sea by solar radiation and by
unknown catalytic agents into a complex
molecule capable of generating units like
itself. . . . Then somehow more complex
entities evolved . . . They vvere probably
the first authentic members of the plant
world."
Regarding the possibility of this occurring, Eldon J. Gardner, Professor of Zoology at Utah State University, observes on
pages 11 and 12 of his booklet Organic
8
Clea.dy, then, the evidence points to the complex animals a.11d plants than it does to
:-:cation of life by an Intelligent Force, imagine a group of chemical substances
: ~, by the eternal God Jehovah, who is
evolving into a cell. It is very likely that
j)e source of life." One prominent re the first step was more difficult, . . . The
~arch chemist, Edmund Carl Kornfeld,
study of early evolution really amounts to
: bserved: "The more one studies the educated guesswork."
>eience of molecular structure and interThe book The world We Live I n also
:-eaction, the more one is convinced of the admits what a tremendous unaccounted:-2 eessity of a p!anfor gap this is in the
-:r and designer of
evolutionary chain,
- -J r
ISSUE
saying on page 93:
- all. . . . The simWhy Fear the "Evil Eye ?
"The abyss between
;tl est man - m.ade
Hungry India.
primordial organic
~echanism requires
Your Personal Appearance
molecule and [onea planner and a makMakes a Difference.
celled] protozoan
=r. How a mechanism
;,en thousand times
was at least as great
=aore involved and intricate can be con- as that between protozoan and man, and
:-eived of as self-constructed and self- took perhaps as long to span."
~veloped is completely beyond me."
Yet, without any evidence, yes, in direct
opposition to the evidence, the evolution
theory maintains that this gap was someA Huge Gap
Since there is no sound scientific expla- how bridged and life spontaneously came
::ation whatsoever as to how inorganic into existence. And what about the rest
d.latter could possibly evolve upward to of the evolutionary chain? Do the facts in:orm the first one-celled organism, to say dicate that lower, one-celled forms of life
nothing of the origin of the inorganic mat- evolved upward until they became human?
:er itself, what does this mean? It means That is a question worthy of our honest
-nat the entire first part of the evolution- consideration.
ary chain is missing! Evolutionist John
Meantime, the Bible's account of the
~yler Bonner, a university biology profesorigin of life commands respectful attens.or, acknowledged what a great gap this tion. It is clear, delivered with a confident
.s in his book The Ideas of Biology) 1962, ring of truth, and lacking any fatal gap
;age 18:
in the process of events. It requires no
"The cell is really such an astoundingly scramble after possible links. It commends
::iever unit that when we think of it from itself to reasonable men who recognize
--~e point of view of evolution it seems
that only a grand Creator could unfold the
:asier to imagine a single cell evolving into mystery of human beginnings.
10
Early Record
Regarding the early
geological record the
book The Wo rld We
L ive In, published by
Life magazine, observed : "For at least
three-quarters of the
book of ages engraved
in the earth's crust the
pages are blank. While
the oldest rocks bespeak the rise and fall of ancient mountains and the advance and retreat of primeval seas, so far as life is concerned
they stand all but mute. The first creatures whose outlines are clearly etched in
fossil remains date from the period called
the Cambrian."
After theorizing how life supposedly
spontaneously generated, this source continues: "Just how more complex creatures
evolved from these veiled [one-celled] beginnings remains another obscure chapter
of life." However, the book does not hesitate to go on and assert:
"The gulf between one-celled animals
and the first organized multicellular creatures may have been bridged by colonial
flagellates ... In succession up the evolutionary ladder there must have appeared
forms like the sponge ... Sometime in the
late Pre-Cambrian there mttSt have appeared a small but important worm-like
AWAKE!
=..JSent."
\\'hat a devastating blow to the theory
:: evolution! Not only is there no explana:..:n as to how the tremendous gap from
_:organic matter to the first one-celled
::-ganism was bridged, but even after life
:::_-:1e into existence, "three-quarters," or
-..ne entire first part," of the evolutionary
:ain is missing!
:'he Natural Histcrry magazine of Octo.:..::- 1959 also acknowledged this serious
::-:oblem in the evolution theory. Writing
_: that magazine, the prominent evolu. : ::ist Alfred S. Romer, professor of zo ..:gy at Harvard University, spoke of "the
._ _:den appearance of groups of allied spe~." and noted:
This situation is . . . one admitted by
::-3.1Win to be a serious difficulty for his
11
link, we mean a necessary stage of transition bztween classes such as reptiles and
birds, or between smaller groups ....
"All types of reptiles belonging to the
three orders (Ichthyosauria, Saurischia,
Lacertae) appear 'suddenJy' and it is impossible to link them to any terrestrial
ancestors. The same is true of the tortoises. We have put the word 'suddenly'
between quotation marks so as to make
the problem stand out. . . . we have no
precise facts to go on, and no trace of
intermediaries."-Human Destiny, pages
71, 72, 75.
Origin of Man
12
A WAKE .'
:;;Wn
B.C." That is the fact. However, this textbook then states: "But this is only a small
fraction of the time that man has lived on
earth." This is not a fact, but an assertion. It is not based on reliable evidence.
Think about it: Why are the last 6,000
years called "the historic period of man"?
Really, it is because in this period man's
existence can be proved. There are records, documents, cities, monuments, writings and other artifacts to show that man
has lived on earth for nearly 6,000 years.
However, the period before that is called
"prehistoric" because there is no evidence
of man's having existed at that time. The
proposed periods of time are built merely
on theory, to support another theory,
evolution.
Interestingly, Professor P. J. Wiseman
notes in his book New Discoveries in Babylon-ia About Genesis, pages 28, 32 and 34:
"No more surprising fact has been discovered by recent excavation, than the
suddenness with which civilization appeared in the world . .This discovery is the
very opposite to that anticipated. . . . In
the face of these facts, the slow progress
of early man is a disproved assumption,
and the idea that an infinitely prolonged
period elapsed before civilization appeared
cannot be maintained. ... Life at t he beginning was necessarily simple, but it
seems that it was not only enlightened,
it was cultured."
But, a person may inquire, have not
modern methods of dating fossils and artifacts proved that man has been on earth
longer than 6,000 years? What does the
evidence show?
13
IS a common belief that man The more cosmic-ray activity, the more
has lived on earth at least hun- radiocarbon is formed. The less cosmic
dreds of thousands of years, and ray activity, the less radiocarbon is
that this is a proved fact. Even formed.
Plants absorb radiocarbon from the at Nobel Prize winner Willard F. Libby believed that verified history extended back mosphere. vVhen man eats plants, his body
tens of thousands of years. Libby is the also absorbs radiocarbon. At death, the
scientist who, about twenty years ago, accwnulation of radiocarbon in his bod~
first discovered that radiocarbon might stops, and what is present continues to debe employed in dating old objects, and, cay and is not replaced. In about 5,600
writing about this dating method in years the radiocarbon is thought to be
half gone; so it is
Science magazine of
said to have a half
March 3, 1961, he oblife of that time.
served:
Thus, scientists
"A r no I d [his cocan take wood, charworker J and I had our
coal, bone, or some
first shock when our
other once-living obadvisers informed us
that history extended
ject, and get an idea
back only for 5,000
of its age by measuryears. . . . You read
statements to the efing the radioactive
fect that such and such
carbon present. If it
a society or archeologi
is nearly half gone,
cal site is 20,000 years
the object is considold. We learned rather
abruptly that these
ered
about 5,000
numbers, these ancient
years
old, nearly
ages, are not known ac
curately; in fact, the
three-quarters gone,
earliest historical date
about 10,000 years
that has been estab
old, and so on. Items
Ushed with any real
certainty is about the time of the 1st Dy over 50,000 years old cannot be dated by
nasty in Egypt."
this method. Well, what has this "radioWell, then, since radioactive dating carbon clock" revealed when tested on
methods have been introduced, has solid supposedly very old specimens that can be
evidence been furnished that the Bible is connected with man?
in error? Have scientific methods of datThe vast majority of such samples
ing proved that man has been on earth
showed that the radioactivity was above
longer than 6,000 years? What are the
the halfway point, well within the 6,000
principal methods used? One is the "radioyear span allowed for man's existence by
carbon clock."
the Bible! It is true, however, that some
dated
objects have indicated man's exisRadiocarbon Dating
Carbon-14, also called radiocarbon, is tence to be somewhat longer than 6,000
formed in the atmosphere by the activity years. Do these time estimates prove the
of cosmic rays on the earth's atmosphere. Bible to be wrong?
14
AWAKE!
15
old? This was the widely published claim, tive potassium has a half-life of 1,300,000,but it is most misleading.
000 years, meaning that in that time half
The Scientific American} September of its potassium decays to the gas argon.
1961, explained: "There is no way to date So measuring rocks of less than a few
bone more than 50,000 years old, so they million years old is like trying to measure
analyze samples of rock from immediately seconds on a clock that has only an hour
above and below the level where the bones hand. Little wonder that estimated ages
were found. By measuring the content of of these rocks varied by as much as half
potassium 40 and its decayed product, a million years:
argon 40," scientists estimated that the
In addition, the dating is made on the
volcanic rock was 1,750,000 years old, assumption that the volcanic activity dis
"plus or minus 'a couple hundred thousand pelled all the argon originally in the molten material. However, if only a trace of
years.' "
The general assumption is that the rock argon remained, the clock would not be
bed above was formed after the bones set at zero, and ages measured by it would
found beneath it were deposited. Interest- be much too high.-See Science} April 2.
ingly, however, other scientists found that, 1965, page 73.
It is understandable, therefore, that
in some cases, the rock bed below the
bones gave a younger age than the bed scientists at Johns Hopkins University
lying above it!
should say that "the dates are of doubtful
Besides, the potassium-argon method is value"! No, man did not live more than a
very uncertain in measuring the age of million years ago. What the Bible say~
relatively recent volcanic rock. Radioac- is true.
HOW
EVO~UJ~Gif "
~
S A rule, it is in
school that a perA
son is introduced to
evolution. How, then,
are students taught
that one kind of life
evolves into another
kind? Is the answer
satisfying?
Years ago the evolution theory of the French scientist Jean
de Lamarck was generally accepted and
taught. The high school textbook Biology
for Today} 1964, observes: Lamarck
"claimed, for example, that because a
16
Evolution or Variation?
It is often claimed today that the evolutionary process has been observed to occur. But has one kind of organism really
been demonstrated to turn into another
kind? Or is what has been noted simply
variation within a basic kind? Prominent
evolutionists frequently point to the following example, described by the famous
evolutionist Sir Julian Huxley in Life
magazine of June 30, 1958:
"During the past 80 years the Peppered
Moth has turned black in the industrialized
areas of Britain and Western Europe, due
entirely to selection. This moth in its ordi
nary rural surroundings is camouflaged to
match the tree trunks on which it rests
by day. Occasionally dominant black mu
tants turn up; in the old days they were
rare and much prized by collectors. Experi
ment shows that when blacks and normals
(pale forms ] are resting together on a
normal tree trunk, the blacks are much
more often seen and eaten by birds and so
get eliminated ...
"In the smokegrimed industrial areas
there are fewer insecteating birds, and the
'normals' no longer match their surround
ings so well. ... So whereas in the country.
side camouflage gave the normals a strong
selective advantage, in the industrial areas
this advantag e not only was less but was
overridden by the blacks' advantage in
hardiness. In each generation more blacks
survived until in such areas the pale forms
have been reduced to a rare variety. The
story of the Peppered Moth is a story of
evolution under our own eyes. We are able
to understand it because we are the heirs
to Darwin's greatest idea."
But is this evolution? Is the moth becoming something other than a moth? Is
it turning into another kind of insect?
Not at all! It is still a moth! The majority
are simply black now instead of gray. But,
actually, the possibility for such variation
in color existed in the genetic material of
t he moths all the time. God created liv-
17
ing things with the potential of great variety within their basic kinds.
So, while sizes, shapes and colors can
vary, no mutation ever resulted in a new
form of life. Mutational changes always
remain within the basic type or G~mesis
kind to which the plant or animal belongs.
Transformation of a basic kind into another by a series of mutations is never
realized, either in the free state or experimentally in the laboratory. So to ass-ert, as do evolutionists, that minor mu
tational changes occurring today prove
that major changes from one basic kind
to another were accomplished in the
course of millions of years is simply unscientific dogmatism.
Mutations Harmful
In the first place, scientific evidence reveals that mutations seldom occur. Professor of Animal Genetics at Edinburgh
University C. H. Waddington explained:
"It happens rarely, perhaps once in a
million animals or once in a million lifetimes." And secondly, and most importantly, mutations are almost always harmful.
When the genetic material produces mutations that lead to an extreme variation
from the original organism, it is invariably
fatal. God created living things so that
they would produce after their kinds, and
this boundary cannot be overstepped.
A better understanding of genetics has
supported this Bible teaching. For example, H. J. Muller, Nobel Prize winner in
the field of genetics, observed: "Most mutations are bad. In fact, good ones are so
The prominent evolutionist and genet:rare that we may consider them all as
bad." Theodosius Dobzhansky also ac- cist C. H. Waddington strikes even hardc:
knowledged: "A majority of mutations ... at the accepted theory, also writing i:
produce deteriorations of the viability, Science Torkly:
"We have only to wait long enough, therehereditary diseases, and monstrosities.
fore, and any sort of gene mutation is boun-:
Such changes, it would seem, can hardly
to turn up; for instance, all the genes whlC:
serve as evolutionary building blocks."
modify the bones of the forelimb to produeo=
18
AWAK ~
$32, 196'1
S tudents B rainwashed
Yet, despite its complete failure to explain how one kind of life can possibly
evolve into another, this theory is still
being presented in the school systems of
today as a fact. Students are brainwashed into belief that it is gospel truth.
Evolutionist C. P. Martin, writing in the
American Scientist regarding the theory's
tremendous difficulties, notes concerning
students: "It is not that they are aware
of the difficulties which I have mentioned
above and esteem them of little weight or
importance; they never heard of them and
are amazed at the bare possibility of the
accepted theory being criticized."
Professor Henry M. Morris lamented the
situation, saying: "When one considers the
great odds against a mutation's being helpful and surviving in the struggle for existence and then realizes that the formation of a new species would require not
one mutation but thousands, and finally
considers the tremendous number of plants
and animals in the world, it would seem
to demand a most amazing credulity to
imagine that here is the method by which
evolution takes place. And yet that is precisely what is taught as gospel truth in
probably the majority of schools today."
Your children need protection from this
sort of deceptive teaching. What can you
do to combat it? For one thing, you can
point your children to the marvelous evidence of creation by God.
19
tremely intricate de
velopments molded
your body until it
was complete with a
brain that thinks ,
eyes t hat see, ears
that hear, and many
other organs. You
now are made up of
more than a hundred
different kinds of
cells that number in
to the thousands of
billions! How did this
remarkable transform at ion take
place?
It all began when
the sperm nucleus
reached the egg nucleus and their contents were combined.
In the next half hour
an immeasurable
number of traits of
the new baby were
decided within thar
tiny egg. What a marvelous thing! In thi~
uniting of two cells, the plans are drawn
up for an entire new human, and that i.P.
a matter of minutes!
20
.4.WAK~
;v
-.: ~ IL
!2, 1961
21
22
AWAK E
:.:..:ck, spongy wall of the uterus, and be;:-_, destroying its cells. Th~ y then use the
~-:tr tissue from the healing wound that
:::ey have inflicted as a temporary protec- :e pocket for the still-microscopic em: :-yo. The trophoblast cells also take nour..s...1ment from the blood and pass it along
:..:> sustain the first embryonic cells.
The process is incomprehensibly com::ex! Even the evolutionary Life maga~:te, in its April 30, 1965, issue, acknowl:-~es the mysteries of these recently
:..:.SCovered processes: "The uterus must
: :otect itself against the further incursions
~: the aggressive trophoblast cells. Exactly
::Jw it does this is a mystery, because no
::her part of the body can do it. . . . Once
:._~e embryo is firmly implanted, it starts
~ting a hormone that helps keep the
. :erine lining in place for the rest of the
=:::1bryo's stay. Without this hormone,
=..enstruation would occur and the em~-o would not survive."
Only after performing many such miraculous tasks does the placenta die. Then,
following the birth of the child, it is discharged from t he mother as afterbirth.
But even after the baby is born, beneficial
effects of the placenta linger on. For example, it has imparted a set of immunities
to the new baby. Whatever diseases the
mother is immune to, her baby will be
also-at least for about six months, which
is the most vulnerable part of its life. Truly, the placenta is an amazing organ! And,
remember, the instructions for all these
functions were recorded wit hin the original fertilized cell!
T he Conclusion of t he M at t er
What will you conclude from the evidence? That the thousands of intricate instructions miraculously coded within the
microscopic DNA of a fertilized egg are
the product of chance? Or will you reach
the reasonable conclusion that Almighty
God is the one responsible for these marvelous instructions? Notice in what an accurate way David of old acknowledged
God's part in the process: "Your eyes saw
even the embryo of me, and in your book
all its parts were down in writing."-Ps.
139:16.
Faced with the evidence, certainly it is
only the fool that clings to the myth of
evolution and refuses to believe that God
created man! But man is only one of God's
creations. There are many others that testify to the existence of an intelligent
Creator.
23
TESTI F Y
to the
EXIST ENCE
of a CR EATO R
RULY, there is tremendous complexity
even in what appears to be the simplest of living things! "The nervous system of a single starfish, with all its various nerve ganglia and fibers, is more
complex than London's telephone exchange," observed the Natuml History
magazine of November 1961.
And Science Year; The World Book
Science Annual, in its 1965 edition, noted
beneath a picture of a complicated electronic device: "A spider appears to be one
of nature's simpler creatures and a spider
web seems to be a simple structure . . .
The fact is, that the spider and its web
are far more complex than the machine
above, with its tangle of wires and electronic 'brain.' "
It is understandable, then, that, when
comparing man's inventions with the remarkable endowments of [animals), the
prominent computer-scientist Dr . Warren
S. McCulloch was moved to remark: "Actually, computers are clumsy, stupid beasts
in a hazardous world. They haven't the
brains of a retarded ant. And they can't
do the jobs t.~at must be done."
Of what is the complexity of living
things an evidence? That they simply
evolved from inanimate matter ? Is it reasonable to believe that t.~e most complex
things of all, living organisms, arose by
24
25
in a stereotyped way. She cannot create terfully designed sea creatures? Any other
new and novel designs as can a human explanation is completely unsatisfactory.
architect."
No, spiders do not work out complicated Animal Navigation
One of the greatest testimonies to God's
logarithms or other problems of higher
mathematics. They are architectural ge- creative genius is found in the amazing
niuses only because their instinctive be- navigation instinct that He has placed in
havior was built into their genetic mate- many varieties of animals. It is a mystery
rial. How so? By means of a blind, how birds can find their way unerringly
purposeless evolutionary process? By no to their exact destination over thousands
means! It had to be placed there by an In- of miles of featureless ocean. Certain
birds, for instance, wander over wide
telligent Creator.
areas, from Japan to California and northward to the Aleutian Islands, yet on the
Superior to Man's In ventions
Because God endowed animals so mar- same day each year they all find their way
velously, their accomplishments often defy to their nesting grounds off the coast of
attempts of humans to duplicate them. But Australia. How do they do it?
man is now trying. In fact, an entire new
The 1964 book Marvels and Mysteries
science known as "bionics" has been de- of Our Animal World comments: "For
veloped in which living things are studied years ornithologists thought that the birds
with the purpose of applying the prinwere guided by prevailing winds, the
ciples learned to man's own needs. Recent
Earth's
magnetic field, or the Coriolis effindings have only added to the astonishfect
resulting
from the Earth's rotation.
ment at the wisdom inherent in animals.
For example, sea creatures such as whales It was once believed that young birds simand dolphins move through the water ply followed the older birds. But Frank
many times faster than it was considered Bellrose, of the Illinois Natural History
possible. The recent book Bionics The Survey, has disproved that idea in sevScience of 'Living' Machines by science eral instances. . . . These birds were not
writer Daniel S. Halacy, Jr., observes:
following older birds but a far more an"To swim at the speeds they were ob- cient guidance system, an instinct acquired
viously achieving, the dolphin and the in the egg."
whale were either super powerful or they
Scientists acknowledge that animals do
had achieved what the aerodynamic and not learn or figure out the complex probhydrodynamic engineers call 'laminar lems of navigation. No, but this knowledge
flow.' In other words, the water they swim
is incorporated in the genetic material of
in must follow the contours of the creat ures so closely that there are no dis- the egg. That it could not possibly have
turbances created at all . . . . For decades developed there by chance can be seen by
aeronautical engineers have sought for considering the complexity of the birds'
laminar flow, but with only partial suc- guidance system. It has been found, fo:cess, despite complicated additional equip- example, that certain birds called black
ment coupled to airplane wings.''
caps recognize individual constellations
Do you believe that a process that is as are able somehow to calculate their move
complicated as that developed by chance? ments, and navigate by them. The Germa::
Is it not obvious that it was God who mas- scientist Vitus B. Droscher observes in 11.::
26
AW AKE
Sen~es
of Ani-
- w ls:
How utterly impossible that the com;.:.:cated mathematics necessary to calcu2 :e their course could have evolved by
::::.ance! Evolutionist Drescher comments
. .: the higher mathematics involved in
; -2h calculations in his discussion of the
:--==:larkable abilities of homing pigeons:
With homing pigeons, the problem is
..::;:::pletely baffling. They can be taken in
_ :_::ich-dark box on a complicated journey,
-::11 all sorts of detours, 100 miles from
:c:r home, yet no sooner are they re~;:.ed in a totally unfamiliar place than
..:2;; take off and, after from ten to twenty
. . :nds' sight of the sun, set off in the
_-:--ction of their home loft.
1t seems impossible that a carrier pi~ :: in a closed box on a long and cir::-:>:: us car drive can be swe of its posi-:.: at every moment. So Dr. G. V. T.
LTHOUGH the
true scientific
facts do not support
evolution, there are
various reasons
why the teaching
has carried away in
its grip the majority of mankind.
Perhaps the main
reason why most
people believe evolution is that they
are taught it in
school. They are exposed to it in their
study of history,
science, philosophy
and even religion. In this exposure to
evolution the student is rarely given
opposing arguments. School textbooks are usually written by evolutionists and most of the teachers believe evolution. As evolutionist
Rostand acknowledged: "We are permeated, saturated, with the transformist idea ... We learned it in our
schoolrooms. We keep repeating mechanically that life evolves, that living things are changed from one into
another."
A closely related reason why evolution is so widely accepted is because
of the weight of authority brought
to bear on its behalf. When leading
scientists, educators and clergymen
assert that evolution is a fact, and
imply that only the ignorant refuse
to believe it, how many laymen are
openly going to contradict them?
Particularly is this so if one's career
in the scientific field is involved. As
a professor of biology wrote in Evolution, Creation and Science regarding students:
28
AWAKE
~y
29
30
WATCHTOWER
1 1 7 A 0 AM S ST.
B R 0 0 K LY N, N. Y. 1 1 2 0 1
:->arne ......................................................................................
City
...:.~JL
.......................................................................................
22, 1961
31
W ATC HTOWER
1 1 7 ADA MS ST.
B R 0 0 K l Y N, N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
I am enclostn~ $2. Please send me The Watchtower and Awake!, both tor one year <24 Issues
each). For mailing the coupon I am to receive tree the timely booklets When All Nations Unite
Under God's Ktngd<m~j When God I s K ing over All the Earth, " Peace Among Men ot Good Will"
or Armageddon-Whic t!, Security During " War of the Great Day of God the Almi ghty," Healing
ot the Nations Has D 1aw" Near and God' s Wav Is Love.
Name ......................................................................................
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32
AWAKE !
Hungry India
PAGE 9
M AY 8 , 1967
Tv=:rsa
N. H .
Yrarll' 5Ub$o!r!ptlon ro t~
Omcu
/or o'llUlllllOntblr tlllt!ons
America, U.S., 117 M.tu,~ Str...,t, Brooklrn, :->.r. 11 ~0 1 il
Autralla, 11 Beretord Rd., Slrathflld. N.cl. W.
$l
Canada, 150 DrldgelnJ ,\ lf,, ~or<>n!O 1~, Ont.
$1
En21and, Watch Tower liow.>,
'l'ht Rld~e~. Loodou l\. 11'. 7
1/6
Nw Zealand, 6~ 1 l'icw North Rd., Au~~lod S.W. 1
7/
Sooth Africa, Prlfhl Bac 2, P.O. Elanol;!ootln. Tvl.
70<
<Monthly edition test half th e abou rat:t,l
lltmlttanees ror subsenpt!oru .t. ul~ ~ ut 1 rb4 onn 1"
<ul'ru:p1ton
txl1t'-~
4 ,500,000
to Br<A:IJ)~.
L<lurr
r.:s..
Semlmonthly-Atrtka~m.
t'lonlsb, ~nuch, Cl<rtDuo
l'orea11,
:lor~r<.:~An.
7.utu.
Monthly-Cb!nOY,
Tamil, Ukr.tlnlu
Ct~o,-ula,
l'rL
paid .a;
B n4~a. ~.Y.
! 111 U.S.A.
use~
In "Awoke!" Is the ;uw World Translation of tbe Holy Serlpt.uret, 1961 edition.
When other translations are Ate~, thil Is cl~arly mark!d.
CONTENTS
Being L-nparlial Is Wise as Well as Just
Why Fear the "Evil Eye"?
Hungry India
Your Personal Ap pearance
Makes a Dll!'erence
Ma.n 's Amazing :\!uscles
"Good News of Something Better"
for Jamaica
Enjoying Freedom of Worship
in the Dominican R epublic
5
9
12
15
21
')~
-"
16
2i
18
, ; ! um e XLVIII
-.s
ms e
. 1f1D
Number 9
-1111-
as "1VIVe ..JI.JI_ a s Js fL
Thus he commanded by his prophet Moses: "You people . . . must not treat the
lowly with partiality, and you must not
prefer the person of a great one." "You
must not be partial in judgment. You
should hear the little one the same as the
great one." Yes, all were to receive justice.
How different from the way laws often
are applied today!-Lev. 19:15; Deut.
1:17.
In the same vein the disciple James
counsels Christians: "My brothers, you
are not holding the faith of our Lord J esus Christ, our glory, with acts of favor~
itism, are you? Yet you look with favor
upon the one \vearing the splendid clothing and say: 'You take this seat here in a
fine place,' and you say to the poor one:
'You keep standing,' or: 'Take that seat
there under my footstool,' you have class
distinctions among yourselves . . . But if
you continue showing favoritism, you are
working a sin."--Jas. 2 :1, 3, 4, 9.
One might be tempted not to be impartial but to show favoritism to another because of that one's having the same skin
color, or being of the same nationality or
even because of being of the same sex .
3
\ FRENCH wom-
An A ncient F ear
Fear of the "evil eye" permeates the
history of just about every nation. Elworthy states : "The belief that there is
power of evil working which is ejaculated
upon any object it beholds, has existed in
all times and in all countries .. .. The enlightened call it superstition; but it holds
its sway over the people of many countries, savage as well as civilised, and must
be set down as one of the hereditary and
instinctive convictions of manl~ind. "
Evidence of it appears on the earliest
monuments found in Babylonia. The Babylonians believed that sorcerers and witches were masters of it and could, by means
of it, bring misfortune to whomever they
"overlooked." Under its infl.~ence they
thought nothing could prosper, that the
rain would not fall, the grass would not
grow, the domestic animals would cease
bearing offspring and a woman would become barren.
In ancient Rome special laws were enacted against injury to crops from "overlooking," and in Egypt an amulet called
the "Eye of Osiris" was used as a protec6
~: '= - 2
-~_::::
c_::-.t::~:
and appeared painted on walls. The E:ruscans, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans also wore carved eyes on necklaces as wer
as on gems.
In Mexico today, the ojo de venado) or
eye of the deer, is worn as a protective
charm against the "evil eye." The chal'rr.
is made from a tree seed, such as a large
acorn, and is painted to represent the eye
of a deer. It is sold throughout Mexico
in markets and by street vendors.
In India the custom is to put lamp blac~
on one's eyelids in the belief that thi
will protect a person from the "evil eye ..
as well as make his eyes incapable of il>
voluntarily casting it. Some Hindu pea~
ants also have had the custom of protecting their crops from it by setting out a
black pot painted with a white cross o!'
with the mystical swastika.
-~.s
.::..:.i' 8, 1961
AWA K E'
Meantime, with all the efforts at educat ion and industrialization, people go hungry, millions subsisting on one meager
meal each day. Evidences of malnutrition
and emaciation are seen on every hand.
Hundreds of thousands of families have
been reduced to selling, for a pittance,
precious heir looms, farm implements and
other possessions. Food is now the primary concern.
Some Facts of the Situation
People in othel' lands may suspect that
1961
_,.: 8, 1961
11
12
~:-
8, 1961
13
~ustro us
15
16
17
8~
~wbn_OfUJ~
tn the ... ..
DOMINICAN I
REPUBliC I
l._..__,_._
O
Early History
This city was founded by Columbus' brother,
Bartholomew, in 1496, and so ranks as the
~
R~stored
en by Trujillo's mob. F1om their joyful expressions it was evident they harbored no
rancor against anyone, but were supremely
happy to be alive and free to worship Jehovah
God in the way that he has indicated to be his
pleasure, namely, by preaching and teaching
the Bible's message. People to whom they
preach now often make the remark: ''You are
the only ones who had the courage to refuse
T hirt y Y ears of Tyranny
)lore recently the regime of dictator Rafael to give in to Trujillo."
One Witness told of having to move with
:-rujillo lasted over thirty years until his vio..ent end in 1961. As so often boasted by him- his family from San Cristobal, Trujillo's birthplace, because of persecution and threats on
~~i. his iron rule did bring a measure of stability and order to the country. However, in his life. After removal of the ban on Jehovah's
: 950 his government issued a decree forbid- witnesses he returned to San Cristobal and is
.l!lg Jehovah's witnesses to assemble for Bible now a full-t ime pioneer minister. And there is
=:udy or carry on their Bible education work. a. thriving congregation of eighty-four Witness3!."utal beatings and other indignities were met- es in that town today. In 1964 local authorities
d out to respectable Christians. The people provided the Witnesses with a large plot of
..:: general were reduced to abject fear by rea- ground on which to build a Kingdom Hall, as a
:,;,n of the cruel way tha. t Trujillo's strong- sort of compensation for all the indignities
they had suffered during the era of Trujillo .
.=...-m squad dealt with any kind of dissent..
Yet Trujillo's regime enjoyed excellent rela- The section so donated was sufficiently large
that the congregation was able to sell a num~ons with the Catholic church. A priest was
ber of lots and with the proceeds construct a
.:~r many years a member of his "rubber
-:amp" legislature. In 1954 Trujillo journeyed fine hall with a seating capacity of 150.
During the 1965 troubles the neutrality of
o Rome where, though twice-divorced, he was
:.:spitably received and there signed a con- J ehovah's witnesses was again outstanding.
"):-dat between his government and the Vatl- United States forces had cut a. corridor several
blocks wide through the city to serve as a
.k'l. Only during the last year or so of his
_:e did a breach begin to develop between the neutr al zone. Everyone passing through the
....:.wch and his government. All of this, well checkpoints was to be subjected to thorough
_.-.own to the Dominican people, has been a questioning and search. The Witnesses, how:-:rrce of considerable embarrassment for the ever, upon identification were usually waved
on through because of their genuine and widely
.. urch in these post-Trujillo yea rs, causing it known neutrality. In fact, they were probably
_ be discredited in the eyes of many.
the only people who could at that time move
As might be expected, the church is now freely in the embattled sections under control
....... ed with a growing crop of atheistic Com- of either of the opposing groups without fear
of being accused as possible enemies of the
~2\ists, particularly among the youth of the
..;:;<1. The university in Santo Domingo, in fact, cause. They having had no part in any of the
zs been a hotbed of Communist ideas, burst- bloodshed in the preceding conflict, no one
,;: g forth from time to time in violent demon- could have basis for seeking revenge on them.
--:arions and political extremism. The church
Even now, when the government finds it
: ,_.ed discontent and insubordination and later necessary to maintain checkpoints on the high=.3.de common cause with self-enriching poli- way approaches to the capital on account of
-~ns, and now must reap the effects of her
rebel threats, it is usually enough for Wit..;:,godly policies.
nesses properly to identify themselves as such
to ensure courteous treatment and a prompt
~u tral Witnesses R espect ed
contin uation of their journey.
:l:1 the other hand, thinking people in this
A Peaceful Asssembly
?E?:~blic have only the highest respect for Je- ah's witnesses, who refused to compromise
In the days preceding the assembly police
--::.:: Trujillo, even under pressure of a total raids had uncovered various caches of arms
....::. and inhuman treatment by the police. They and ammunition, sparking rumors of more
~ageously pursued their upbuilding ministry
revolutionary trouble. Yet those of us who ate..:: underground during those many years. tended the Central American assemblies found
...:'.:ors to San to Domingo on this occasion had things here calmer and less tense than in sev:;:;:.rtunity to speak with some of the Wit- eral other countries. I nter estingly, two men in
-~!ES who had been jailed and viciously beatSanto Domingo were overheard conversing in
...:..:..Y 8, 1967
19
AWAKE.'
?our centur ies ago another group of travlighted upon this island, led by one
:-- :istopher Columbus. When they touched on
- north coast back in 1493, the Indian in-nltants were calling their island home "Bo
--:lUen." Columbus named it San Juan Bau-il (St. John the Baptist) . Fifteen years
_.er Juan Ponce de Le6n landed at the bay
- ~ : he called Ptterto Rico (Rich Port) and
...::1ded a set tlement nearby, later to be named
: -i'!to Rico. In course of time the names of
island a.nd its capital came to be reversed.
3y the close of the fir st century of Spanish
J pation the colonists had accomplished the
..,.....r.ction of the Indian population, for these
.;.:.;;or succumbed to forced labor and the rav: es of European disease, or fled the island. In
-~ almost four centuries of Spanish rule and
~-ch domination ended when Puer to Rico
- e under United States control following the
~sh-America.n war. Yet in a ll t ha t time lit::ad been done to advance t he education of
jX!pulation, public primary schools on!y bee==ong available in 1845. At the clcse of the
-~eenth century the number of literate per_,._y 8, 1967
"'!"S
21
Island S cenery
The assembly organization had already arranged tours for the delegates, however. One
of these took them to the Rain Forest, a
28,000-acre national forest just about an hour's
drive east from San Juan. On this trip there
was opportunity to note that the island is not
so "Americanized" or prosperous as m ight be
judged from seeing only San Juan. Some of
the smaller towns have seen little change over
the years and the many little homes, often
quite drab and poorly constructed, give evidence that the occupants are still far from
affl uence.
Leaving the main highway, we began winding up a narrow road into the mountains and
soon observed a remarkable change in the
landscape. The forest became dense and dark.
There were thick clusters of feathery-plumed
bamboo plants, thousands of lacy ferns that
seemed to cascade down the sides of hills,
while other ferns, looking more like trees,
reached upward as high as thirty feet. At the
picnic area, 2,000 feet above sea level, we
learned that this is the only United States National Forest without signs warning of fires.
The average rainfall is 180 inches per year,
and the trees are usually robed with delicate
green moss that glistens with droplets of water, sparkling like gems.
A walk down one of the winding trails gives
one the feeling of having been transported to a primeval forest. Crystalclear streams of cold water murmur in
their rocl~y beds. Perched up on some
trees were pineapple-like plants with
reddish-orange spikes, apparently deriving sustenance from the trees. Here
and there beautiful little orchids could
be spied. Tiny frogs, the Puerto Rican
coqui, pipe their simple but melodious
calL How far away a ll this seems from
the tension and rush of the busy city!
Downward, then, to the coast below,
and our tour continued a short distance
east to L uquillo Beach, Puerto Rico's
finest. This mile-long crescent is claimed
by some to rival Hawaii's famed Waikiki Beach. The broad, smooth stretch of
Vle\v of San J uan, showing modern hotels (center)
sand curves around a reef-protected
a nd S lxto Escobar Stadium (r ight for eground)
22
AWAKE.'
=-~ ~ d ro p
_y 8, 1961
23
I ow:
(':\l1H'T011, ~}., B u tch~. It.,
S"!'riil, ": po,hl'rts, ) f. . .
1>.,
P ..
J\1.
.1.,
:,; ,
B.,
.1.,
\Y.
n.,
J.,
- . 40.
Jesus Christ himself was the chief mis_..,nary, for he truly was "one ;:;c.nt forth
propagate the faiLh, doctrine ot prin;'!:s of a religion," the wor ;hip of Jc'1D~. He left the glorious aml congenial
.;.rroundings he enjoyed in heaven, the
:npanionship of his heavenly Fathet and
. his many spiri Lual brothers. His lcav- - h is heavenly ! ~orne and coming down
the earth w ru; a far greatct change
apply to you if yen arc tr1.inr"l as n missior- ry by the \'.'atchto\. "'!' r,l)Jc School
a" C .~ad . Ther~ \'Cu lca.-n to n,p!') ~ciate
t''a~ your prim~ ~o will be 1o c~rry out
the cor ,;~~ion :"sL-> r,ave t1is followers
just b"f(\ ';) he h. 4't 'hem: "Go therefore
and m,~c dt (';:~!e:; of peopl~ oZ :.. 1 i:he na tions, l:la!)Uzing H "11 .n the n 1~c of the
Fathe: and of the Son T1rl of the holy
sp~rit, teaching tl'....m to ob~"t'\'e all the
..hi.,,..., ~ 11:l'>'e commam~ed ~ou." (!\ 1t t. 28:
19, :..:0) A:~r' '10'\ .....Jc~ ' apostle's obey
that commn1cl? By pncliclng medicine?
By concern i n~~ t 1,t.tn5ehes '' ith p olitical,
social and ec01wmic ptoblems of the people? Far IroLl it! 1h y nadc known G0d's
purpose:; and rcquirdncms for men.-Acts
10 :34-43 ; 17:2!:.!-31.
s,
1961
26
I;\
RECENT years there have been increased efforts to unite the many reli_t"Jus organizations of Christendom. These
~ZJmenical efforts have even included at::::npts toward obtaining unity with non: nristian religions. This desire to unite
_ppears, on the surface, to be a noble one.
3 .H is it? How should you, as a person
seeking God's favor, view ecumenical ef:.:-rts?
The important thing is to determine if
-~~ :n ighty God approves of his worshiper s
.:niting with persons who have conflicting
~!iefs and practices. To find out, please
;.~:n in your Bible to Exodus chapter
....-,enty-three, verses thirty-two and thirty::.ree. If yours is the Authorized or King
... mes Vers ion) you will observe that God's
::.:..-plicit command to his Israelite people
- a;;: "Thou shalt make no covenant with
:.=..:m, nor with their gods. They shaH not
~~.--en in thy land, lest they make thee sin
- Eainst me: for if thou serve their gods,
: \Vill surely be a snare unto thee."-See
~ ~ ~o_ Deuteronomy 7: 3, 4 and First Kings
__: o, 6, 9.
But what are God's instructions to
.=-nristians? Are they the same? Turn,
;..:ase, to First Corinthians 10 :20, 21, and
~e rve that it says: "The things which
:.-:~ Gentiles [nations ] sacrifice, they sacri::.: :: to devils, and not to God: and I would
- :: that ye should have fellowship with
-=.ils. Ye cannot drink the cup of the
:....:. d, and the cup of devils : ye cannot be
~~akers of the Lord's table, and of the
_.."'" y 8, 1961
27
28
A WAKE!
_y 8, 1961
30
A. WAKE!
has undertaken an in
2":3ive campaign to r ecruit
~=-e priests. To reach ratio
:-.:-,quirements of one priest for
" H Y 1,254 Catholics, 30,715
-:~d have to be ordained im:::~iately. P are stated that
. ::; reason why there is a
:Jrtage of priests is that the
..esthood does not have the
:estige it once had, and no
::ger is it a haven for the in
:ure. "Frankly," he added,
; have many students from
- 'VI Catholic schools who
_::not accept the concept of a
_ .!'!g God, or of a God at all."
~~-. then, can they become
:-.ests?
~~rch
by archaeologists is not an
accurate science. A special re
oorr to the New York Times,
~larch 25, from Romania says
that "for nearly 50 years, the
dating of the Vinca culture
has been an open controversy
among anthropologists. A radiocarbon test of burned wood
splinters from the Vinca area
in 1953-54 Indicated that they
da ted from about 4100 B.C.
But this date contradicted the
evidence of rock strata, which
suggested that the culture
dated from about 2900 B.C."
D ouble S t a ndard
~ By Congressional
action,
United States cigarette manu
facturers are required to label
cigarette packages sold in
America : "Caution: Cigarette
smoking may be hazardous to
health." This warning label is
not required on cigarette packages prepared for export. Why
not? Are human lives else
WATCH TO W ER
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or Route and Box ............................................................
- ~: 8, 1967
31
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32
AWAKE !
..- a-
-~~~~ -:lli -r
.. -
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Monthry-G!lint:--'. Ciuy~ oja, lJ i ii~~SI\OlJ, :U~ layll}~ID , r olish,
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The Sible tr;:nslotlon rc~oi"IY ased '"' " Awako!" Is the ~ s-.: world Translat ion ol the Holy Scrlptureo, 19 61 edition.
Wheo oth<r translations are 11sca, t his b clearly marked.
tl; - --fl:-u:- -n-ll -- ~t~~ -111 - :tt-l"'i -*1- -M-
CONT E NTS
Your Per son al Choice T hreatened
12
20
2Z
Volume XLVIII
Number 10
Your
Personal
Choi
MA Y 22, 1967
lt!ll-=.
:..
lf/Jittl~~~~V~l
--l-----~~
i
w~~mnr
~ .12_
/;e l~~
=----=-- -
N Pontiac, Michigan, last year, a nineyear-old boy was injured in an auto acIcident.
The parents refused to accept the
doctor's view that the boy must have
blood. Next morning when the parents returned to the hospital the nurse informed
them that a court order had been obtained authorizLTJg the transfusion, and
two pints of blood had been given. There
was no hearing or any opportunity for the
parents to present their views. When they
asked to see the court order they were informed that no records would be revealed
unless the doctor ordered it.
In another case in Pontiac, Michiganthat of a baby girl born in 1965 with a
liver ailment-the doctor said she had to
have blood. Both parents objected. The
hospital administrator informed them that
a court order had been obtained and that
blood would be given. Blood was given,
and the child died. As far as the parents
knew, no hearing had been conducted, and
when they asked at the hospital to see the
court order they were told that the doctor's approval must first be obtained.
There is also the case of an Rh baby
admitted by its parents to the Children's
Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. The parents
signed papers forbidding the giving of
blood to the child and exonerating the hospital and doctors of any responsibility
stemming from such decision. Nevertheless, pressure was brought to bear upon
the parents to pe1mit the transfusion; but
they were firm. They were told that the
4
hospital would obtain a court order requiring the transfusion and that they would
be notified of the time of the hearing in
Juvenile Court before Judge Lincoln. The
father called later the same evening, only
to be informed that the judge could not be
contacted and tJ1e hearing would be held
some other t ime. Next morning on arrival
at the hospital the parents were confronted with a fait accompli. A court order,
evidently obtained over the phone, had
been granted and tl1e baby transfused at
3:30a.m.
There can be r.o doubt that in these and
other similar cases the right of tl1e parents to select the type of treatment to be
given their children has been arrogantly
shoved aside. Though in fact occupying
only the relationship of employees of the
parents, such doctors audaciously turn the
tables on the parents and act as though
they were the employers. Were the final
decision in such cases left to this kind of
doctor, the right of parents to choose medical treatment for their children would
be lost.
Not All Doctors Arbitrary
Fortunately, not all doctors adopt this
unreasonable stance with respect to parental rights. Indeed, many private physicians will go out of their way to accommodate the conscientious scruples of their
patients, be the patient Catholic or ProtAWAKE!
estant, Jewish or one of Jehovah's witnesses. Such men are not imbued with the
idea that their superior knowledge must
overbear and cancel out the wishes and
opinions of their clients. They are well
aware of their own limit ations, of the fact
that -in diagnosis and prescription they are
far from infallible.
Said Dr. Arthur Kelly, Secretary of the
Canadian Medical Association: "I believe
that parents of minors and the next of kin
of unconscious patients possess the right
to interpret the will of the
patient and that we should
accept ar::d respect their
wishes. Holding these
views, it should come as no
surprise that I do not admire the proceedings of a
moot court assembled at
2:00a.m. to remove a child
from his parent's custody.
The rights of the individual
in our society are being
impaired and eroded by
many laws, customs, rules
and regulations, and I
think it is high time that
doctor's orders should ta
recognized for what they
a re-our best advice according to our current
knowledge. Advice and counsel are ours to
give and for the patient to accept or disregard. Enforcement, except by explanation and persuasion, is not our function."
-Windsor Star) March 11, 1967.
Dr. Kelly himself had been deeply impressed by the following statement made
by a professor during a course in medical
jurisprudence and et."lics: "We can't order
people to do what they don't want to do
and we can't predict the outcome of a
given case even if our superior knowledge
is disregarded." Admitted Dr. KeJly:
"Medical omniscience is a very rare com_'J!AY 22, 1967
modity and the dicta of yesterday are being modified and superseded by the knowledge of today. Let us not, in our pride,
become arrogant and demand this subjection of our patient's will. I consider it
preferable that certain individuals should
die before their time than that we [doctors] should undermine their ultimate
right and duty of being custodian of their
own health."
Medical men who hold this mature view
of the relationship between doctor and
patient or patient's
guardian neither need
nor ask for court orders
enabling them to ride
roughshod over the
rights of parents and
guardians. They do not
take too seriously their
own position and their
own ability to determine
what is best for patients.
that there is a second party to the question at issue, and he bears a responsibility
toward that party, as indicated in Section
17 of Article I of the Constitution of the
State of Michigan (1963) : "No person
shall be . . . deprived of life, liberty or
property, without due process of law."
Life, liberty and property embrace the inalienable rights of the citizen, and it is
therefore incumbent upon each judge to
hear all parties and reach his decision, not
upon the basis of one-sided testimony, but
on the terms of the law as applying t o all
the facts.
In the state of Michigan probate judges
have jurisdiction "in proceedlngs concerning any child under 17 years of age found
within the county whose parent or other
person legally responsible for the care and
maintenance of such child, when able to
do so, neglects or refuses to pr ovide proper or necessary support . . . medical, surgical or other care necessary for his
health."-Michigan Statutes Annotated
27.3178 (598.) (b) (1).
Neglect or refusal on t he part of parent or guardian to provide "proper or necessary" care must be proved. In order to
comply with "due process" requirements,
a proper hearing must be held, at which
both parties have equal opportunity to be
represented. It is quite possible that another equally learned doctor, called in as
witness by the patient, might entirely disagree upon the need for a transfusion.
Some judges, however, ignore the law
and permit a flood of emotion to upset
good judgment. Thus we have the admission by such probate judges as James H.
Lincoln of Wayne County Probate Court
and Norman R. Barnard of Oakland
County Probate Court in Michigan that
"they frequently make technical violations
of the present law by giving 'telephone
consents' to treatment before a court of
hearing is scheduled." (Detroit News) De6
~o.
Judge Brown is to be commended for using his judicial authority to protect the
rights of this mother.
Instead of accepting the say-so of the
plaintiff doctors, Judge Brown preferred
the testimony of disinterested medical authorities. In evidence before him were excerpts from the well-known surgical work,
Complications in Surge1y and Thei1 Management, edited by Doctors Curtis P. Artz
and James D. Hardy (1960), which points
out that "the annual mortality from only
the courts prepared to take all their children away from them in order to administer treatment dictated by medical
men? Commenting editorially, an official
Catholic newspaper, the Canadian Register of January 14, 1961, had this to say:
''It is only one step from imposing blood
transfusion on patients by law to subjecting patients to sterilization and abortion
on therapeut ic grounds . . . because this
obligation rests on the conscience of the
patient, no medical or civil authority has
the right to force him to accept such
treatment against his conscience .... And
since the responsibility for the life of a
child rests on the parents . . . the state
cannot force them to subject the child to
treatment which they consider morally
wrong."
The proposed Michigan legislation
would, in effect, hand over minor patients
to the doctors without so much as a court
hearing, and would open the door to unending abuses. The parents would have
jur isdiction over their children only as
long as t hey continued in good health.
Doctors would no longer be employees like
all other professional people, available to
be hired and dismissed. They would exercise police and judicial powers, arbitrarily
determining when a child should be taken
from its family and what type of surgical
or other treatment should be given it.
A grave responsibility, therefore, lies
upon each judge of t he courts today in his
disposition of cases involving the right of
parents to determine what treatment their
children shall have. Will they afford protection to parental rights, or extend unwarranted privilege to the medical profession? And as to the proposed legislation,
will the legislators of Michigan protect the
rights of parents against further encroachment? Yes, parents are keenly concerned
about the matter. Will parental r ights be
lost?
AWAKE!
cance, the 111inois Supreme Court did not treatment that is religiously objectionable
agree. It considered the matter of "sub- to them is a deplorable invasion of the
stantial public interest," and so heard the fundamental rights of free people! Especase. How did this high state court rule? cially when the treatment is, as admitted
In summing up, the Supreme Court in the book Complications i11 Swgery and
'Jhe i, J1anagement 1 responsible for a "trestated:
mendous loss of life," tens of thousands of
''Even though we may consider appellant's
deaths a year in the United States alone!
beUe!s unwise, foolish or ridiculous, in the
absence of an overriding danger to society
In all honesty it should be acknowledged
we may not permit interference therewith
that
there are risl<s in either taking or not
... In the final analysis, what has happened
taking blood transfusions. And when there
here Involves a judicial attempt to decide
what course of action Is best for a particular
are two risks, a decision must be made as
individual, nolwithstandlng that individual's
to which one will be a ccepted. This decicontrary views based upon religious con
sion is not properly the right of the State
victions. Such action cannot be constitutionor the doctor to make, but of the parents
ally countenanced."
to whom the child belongs. No decision is
Interference in one's persona l choice of
neglect; but lf the parents elect one risk
m edical t1'eatment 'may not be permitted'!
instead of the other th ere is no neglect,
((Such action cannot be const itutionally
no basis for official interference.
countenancedn! Thus ruled t he TIJinois Supreme Cour t, and pr operly so. For supGood Intentions Not Enough
port of its conclusion the Court r eferred
But it is argued that laws to enforce
in its opinion to a decision of a statutory
blood transfusions have good intentions
three-judge district court (affirmed by the
behind them. Still, what did the Supreme
United States Supreme Court), which
Court
of lllinols say about a lower court
said:
ruling
that upheld the rig ht to enforce
"For the courts to attempt to distinguish
transfusion?
"While the action of the cirbetween religious beliefs or practices on
cuit court herein was unquestionably wellthe ground that they are reasonable or un
reasonable would be for them to embark
meaning, -.ve have no recourse but to hold
upon a hopeless undertaking and one which
that it has interfered with basic constituwould inevitably result in the end o! retional rights."
ligious Uberty. . . . The religious freedom
guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth
The Fow'teenth Amendment to the UnitAmendments means that he shall have the
ed States Constitution declares that no
right to [freely worship God]. whether his
State
shall "deprive any person of life,
belle! Is reasonable or not, without interliberty or properly, without due process
ference !rom anyone, so long as his action
or refusal to act is not directly harm!ul
of law." Clearly, a court order that takes
to the society o/. which he .forms a part."*
a child fro m the jurisdictio n of its parents
Cleru.'ly, it is an infringement of r eli- on the testimony of a doctor , without even
gious liberty and a violation of the Con- a hearing for the parents or opportunity
stitution of the Uni ted Stales to force a
for them to produce witnesses in their beparticular medical treatment upon anyone
half, is not adhering to "due process of
against his religious convictions! To pass
a law that would permit a child to be tak- law." It is hig h-handed, unconstitutional
en from its parents' jurisdiction and given procedure! Similarly, the proposed Michigan law that would give doctors the arbi BaNI~Ie v. Wuc Vtrflon:a Sta:a Board of Ji:duJtrary right to administer treatment that
tiolt, 47 F. Supp, Zl. 2:13 (att'd 319 US. 624l.
10
AWAKE!
the doctors deem advisable would also deprive citizens of their "liberty . . . without
due process of law." Medical treatment
then could be forced upon persons without
any recourse on the part of doctors to
legal procedure.
Often judges of the United States Supreme Court have pointed out the danger
of undermining such procedural safeguards. Explained Mr. Justice Douglas:
"It is procedure that spells much of the
difference between rule by law and rule
by whim or capt'ice. Steadfast adherence
to strict procedural safeguards is our main
assurance that there will be equal justice
under law." And, too, it is advisable to recall the wise words of t he late Mr. Justice
Brandeis, who stated: "The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, 'vvell-meaning, but
without understanding."
Moreover, though there may be good
intentions, there is no guarantee that good
will result from a blood transfusion. In
view of the many risks in use of blood
transfusions, as shown later in this magazine, one may well ask whether the time
will soon come when blood transfusion is
sent along with bloodletting into the cemetery of treatment proved harmful. Then
how much damage will have been done not
only to little children but also to public
confidence in the administration of justice? Courts, judges and lawmakers who
have abdicated their functions and rubberstamped uncertain medical opinion will
have lost much in the way of public respect. No one can make adequate restitution for the damage to the individuals and
to the families who have had the sanctity
of their homes invaded.
Doubly damaging is the abandonment of
the judicial function, turning over to doctors the authority to suspend the rights of
their patients.
MAY 22, 1967
11
HE ancient Roman Empire prided itself in the fact that it excelled in law.
Yet, the empire also exc~lled in lawlessness, for slavery and social injustice
abounded.
Part of Roman law was the requirement
of emperor worship. But the early Christians, while submissive to Roman law,
were also bound by a superior law, the law
of God, which forbade idolatry. Thus they
refused to worship the emperors, as that
requirement of Roman law conflicted with
God's superior law. As a result, many were
thrown into the arenas to wild beasts,
where young and old were kiHed.
It must have seemed strange to the
populace for the Christians and their children to suffer when it ,-,ould have been a
simple matter to escape such. How? By
merely complying with the Roman law
that required emperor worship. One historian states: "1t was difficult at any time
for a Roman to understand and excuse
their refusal to scatter the handful of incense on the altars, that \VOuld satisfy the
law and set them free:
God's just laws were made for man's
benefit, and the early Christians refused
to violate them. Did this make them fanatics? On the contrary, those who insisted
on idolatrous practices and who threw innocent people to wild beasts were the
fanatics. But did the Christians not want
to live? Of course, but not by breaking
12
13
the Bible does not so teach. Others contend that, even if it does, the prohibition
was only for the Jews.
However, long before the Jewish nation
was ever formed, in fact, 856 years before,
about the year 2369 B.C.E., this prohibit ion was placed on the human family. Following the global flood of Noah's day, God
said: "Flesh with its soul-its blood- you
must not eat."-Gen. 9:4.
Centuries later, in the year 1513 B.C.E.,
God made a covenant with the nation of
Israel. The Law that he thereafter gave
them included a restating of the prohibition on the use of blood. Leviticus 17: 12,
14 says: "No soul of you should eat blood
and no alien resident who is residing as
an alien in your midst should eat blood.
For the soul of every sort of flesh is its
blood by the soul in it. Consequently I
said to the sons of Israel: 'You must not
eat the blood of any sort of flesh, because
the soul of every sort of flesh is its blood.
Anyone eating it will be cut off.' "
When animals were killed to be eaten,
what was to be done with the blood? "The
blood you must not eat. On the earth you
should pour it out as water." (Deut. 12:
16) Hence, blood was not to be used nor
was it to be stored. It did not matter what
kind of blood it was, for Leviticus 17:10
shows the prohibition was on "any sort of
blood.''
In the days of King Saul of Israel the
people on one occasion began "taking
sheep and cattle and calves and slaughtering them on the earth, and the people fell
to eating along with the blood. So they
told Saul, saying: 'Look! The people are
si..tming against Jehovah by eating along
with the blood.''' (1 Sam. 14 :31-34) Eating blood, even under emergency conditions, was "sinning against Jehovah."
Was the law regarding blood, given after the Flood and restated to Israel, carried over into Christianity? Yes, for the
14
15
N VIEW of the
plain language of
God's Word forbiddi ng
the taking of blood into
one's body, Jehovah's
witnesses have had no
alternative but to refuse
blood transfusions regardless of consequences. It has not been
easy for them to do this, for much pressure has been brought upon them to accept blood.
Their course has brought them into conflict with members of the medical profession who have not appreciated the position
of Jehovah's witnesses. Not willing t o
grant these their right to freedom of r eligion, they have used pressure in the form
of warnings and threats. At times these
have even resorted to questionable legal
methods to force blood on the Witnesses
in utter violation of their religious scruples and convictions.
How have the Witnesses responded to
this pressure and what have been the results of their adhering to their religious
convictions? Have the doctors' dire warnings that death would ensue if blood were
not accepted invar iably proved true?
Have blood t ransfusions always proved
lifesaving? And who has been shown in
a better light- the doctors and judges who
have insisted on blood t ransfu sions or the
witnesses of J ehovah and those memlnrs
of the medical profession who have respected their convictions? Let us see.
Integrity Severely Tested
A notable case of severe legal, medical
and religious pressure occurred in New
16
17
18
Respectin g Integrity-keeping
However, it must be said that not by
any means do all doctors try to pressure
tbe witnesses of Jehovah needing surgery
to take blood. Many of them do respect the
r ight of the patient to decline a particula r
form of treatment because of religious
scruples and are willing to proceed along
lines that are in accord with the patient's
conscience. As one doctor put it: "Well,
I haven 't become so stiiT-necked that I
wouldn't treat someone unless they let me
use blood."
In fact, it might be said that the more
skilled the surgeon is, the more willingness he shows to limit himself by the reAWAKE!
19
HE witnesses of Jehovah do not reject blood transfusions or object to coercive blood transfusions
primarily on the grounds that they are hazardous.
However, the fact that transfusions are hazardous
should estop physicians and judges from forcing them
on patients that have conscientious scruples against
such use of blood. That these risks or hazards are real,
and are not a few in number, will appear from the
following.
The problem of transfusing blood is better understood when, as expressed in IVleclical Science/ "it is regarded as a tissue transplant." "Blood is composed
of living cells as wen as of fluid and
chemical components, and no small
part of the difficulties of its use is"
that the blood of the rcdpient tends
to reject the blood of the donor in
much the same way as a skin transplant from another person is rejected
except in the case of identical twins.
Much depends upon the skill and care exercised
by those hC~.ndling the blood, but every discovery of
a new blood group emphasizes the fact that the dan- child-bearing age. Transfugers are more munerous than even the skilled tech- sions can kill babies born as
nicians know. How great is the danger? In the United late as :fifteen years after the
States alone, 6,750 lives are lost annually- one every initial transfusion; Rh antihour and twenty minutes-because of hemolytic re- bodies have even been found to
continue in the blood as long as
actions to incompatible whole blood transfusio::1s.~
thirty years. This sensitization
Then there is the risk that the transfused blood has primarily to do with the
will cause aggregates to form L11 the capillaries of Rh factor, but the hazard is
the lungs. These are tiny clumps caused by the join- even more complex because
ing of white corpuscles to the platelets in the blood, there are subtypes.
so blocking the capillaries in the lungs and causing
bleeding. According to Medical Professor Max The Hepatitis Risk
Schneider of the University of Cologne, these probAnother basic hazard assoably account for many deaths that are not readily ciated with blood transfusions
explained: "We have yet to find the mechanism of is that they may infect the reaggregate formation, and to discover the substance cipient with malaria, syphilis,
that could harmlessly be introduced into conserved serum hepatitis, and so forth.
blood to prevent it."3
It is reported that in the UnitThere is also the danger of sensitization, which, ed States 30,000 annually get
in turn, may lead to untoward reactions in subse- ser um hepatitis from blood
quent transfl.~sions . Particularly serious is this sen- transfusions and that 3,500 die
sitization in the case of girls and women of from it. Thus Dr. A. J. Zucker-
20
AWAKE!
21
N OT
APPRECIATING
22
(10) Routine use in the care of the terminal [hopeless] cancer patient."
Because of the risks associ a ted with
blood transfusion, for some ten years now
certain doctors have been speaking out
against the use of the single-unit blood
transfusion, for one unit is enough to
harm and kill a patient if it is the wrong
type or contaminated. Yet the practice
continues. Thus Dr. William H. Crosby,
under the heading of "Trends in Blood
Transfusion," in the Annals of the New
YoTk Academy of Sciences, July 1964,
told of a female relative having given
birth to a child by cesarean section, and
although there had been no trouble or
bleeding, the mother was given a blood
transfusion as a matter of course. The obstetrician said that there was nothing to
worry about, but Dr. Crosby added:
''Nothing except the possibility of transfusion reaction, viral hepatitis, and three
or four remote but real dangers involved
in the administration of blood. This is a
fairly common practice in various hospitals in the United States ... However, the
obstetricians are not alone. In other specialities as well the knock-on-wood* transfusion is often commonplace. It will take
u
AWAKE!
f~,
1961
a single-unit blood transfusion might represent an unjustifiable risk, and that these
will be watched in the future, what do
they do? Stop giving blood in such cases?
Apparently not, but, rather, give two or
three units where they used to give one,
to avoid the censure, apparently, of giving
too many single-unit transfusions.
That this may be the case is indicated
by what Dr. J. Garrott Allen, one of the
pioneers in opposing single-unit blood
transfusions, had to say in the Medicol
Tribune, April 13, 1966. He reported that,
while there has been a lowering of singleunit transfusions, there has been an increase in the number of patients getting
two and three units of blood. "This attempt to reduce the hazards of transfusion appears to compound them." Yes,
making matters worse than before!
Pertinent here is the statement made by
Dr. Frank Rigall, F.R.C.S., of Scotland:
"Because I entered surgery before the
flood of blood began, I am always amazed
to see blood given for ordinary operations.
It seems to be quite all right to take a
pint of blood from a donor and let him
walk home but wrong to lose a little b!ood
during ordiMry surgery! My belief is put
into practice. In nearly 17,500 admissions
to this general hospital we have not found
it necessary to transfuse blood more than
a dozen times. Our mortality rates compare favorably with those of other institutions. " 0
Doctors of that sort usually respect the
right of a patient to accept or reject treatment that is offered. But the doctors who
do not appreciate the dangers are the ones
who, without hesitation, shove aside the
rights of patients and ask for a court order permi tting them to transfuse blood.
Oo11orlin" .lJI'cliC<<l
Association
JOUl'liOJ,
February l,
1958.
2~
Experiments have now conclusively proved that "the sodium solutions were more effective in getting the human
body to replace its plasma
fluid than transfusion of human plasma
itself." Apparently the medical profession
is loath to relinquish the elaborate and costly for the
simple and cheap even though the latter
is far superior!
And tl1en there is the comparatively
new product developed by certain German
doctors and called HaemacceZ. It is made
of gelatine of beef bones and contains no
less than eighteen amino acids. It has
proved its worth now for several years in
the clinics of Bonn, Dortmund and Erlangen, West Germany. Among its many
advantages must be listed, not only that
it does not cause any hemolytic reactions,
nor cause fever or allergic reactions, nor
spread infectious diseases such as malaria and serum hepatitis, but it requires
no preservative and so can be kept for
years in either torrid or frigid climates
without deterioration. It is already credited with saving lives, especially in cases
where there was too great an emergency
to allow time for blood typing and tests
necessary before blood transfusions could
be given. Jehovah's witnesses have no religious objection to the use of such products as H aemaccel.
Another plasma substitute that has
gained wide favor among surgeons for
some time is Ringer's lactate solution.
Surgeons at the St. Barnabas Hospital,
Bronx, New York, consistently make use
of it, especially when operating on Jehovah's witnesses, and the Witnesses appreciate the willingness of the doctors to handle their cases in tl1is way. One such
BWOD
1I'A ANIFUJION
ORE and more alert and conscientious physicians are becoming keenly
aware of the hazards associated with
transfusing blood. These are not only
learning to get along with ever less blood
but at times come up with some remarkable find ings, enabling them to do away
with using blood transfusions a1together.
Thus the New York Times) October 6,
1966, under the heading, ''Saline Solutions
May Replace Plasma as Treatment for
Burns," reported, among other things, the
following:
"The transfusion of plasma as a key
treatment for severe burns was downgraded in several papers presented at a
science meeting here yesterday. The
scientists presenting the papers reported
research showing that salt solutions not
only were cheaper, but also could be more
effective because their chemical balance
could be tailored more precisely." In 308
cases of severe burns over a period of
fifteen years no advantage was apparent
of plasma over saline solutions, according
to Dr. Kehl Markley. Not only is the treatment cheaper and readily available, but
it can be given by mouth, which is a great
advantage in emergency conditions.
At the same meeting another medical
scientist reported that "this information
was available more than twenty years ago
but the idea was too far ahead of its time
to be pursued and plasma transfusions
continued to be the favored treatment."
24
AWAKE!
surgeon early this year succe~sfull y re- the blood volume lo preoperative values
moved a cancerous bladder from a patient or to any arbittary level.
who already had one kidney removed beAmong the principles that he and those
cause of its being cancerous. In this case, with him repo1t to have emerged from
which had ~n refused by government these open-heart operations without blood
hospitals in West Virginia because of its are that severe decrease in red b!ood cell
involving danger of such a great l o~ of mass and absolute low levels of hemogloblood, hypothermia was also used; that is, bin are compatible with survival and the
the temperature of the body was reduced abence of permanent harm. However,
about 12 degrees Fahrenheit by means of maintaining the blood volume appears to
a cooling blanket. This is a very usef-ul be a significant factor in preventing disprocedure in cutting down on blood loss. ease and death. According to them, "the
practical advantages of employing [these]
Open-Heart Operations Without B lood
solutions rather U1an plasma or whole
Dr. Charles Bailey, one of the world's blood are obvious." In fact, sutgeons at
leading open-heart surgeons, is associated this hospital have stated that they will
with this hospital. In the Joumal of the accept any case, even brain tumors, for
American Medical Association, December oper ation without resorting to blood if
12, 1966, he reported on his success in that is the patient's wish.
open-heart swgery without blood, under
the heading "Management of Major Sur- Dextrose Found to Be Superior
gical Blood Loss Without Transfusion."
A somewhat similar report appeared
He states that getting along without blood just the month previous in another protransfusions has a significant bearing on fessional journal, Surgen.J, November
medical practice, for the usual hazards as- 1966. Under the title of "Cardiac Valve
sociated with whole blood transfusions Rep!acement Without Blood Transfusion,"
could a ll be reduced if expansion of vol- Dr. D. A. Cooley and his colleagues told
ume could be accomplished without in- of successfully performing such opencreasing the risk to the patient. Further, heart operations without blood on nine"the emergency patient, the rare blood teen patients. On1y seven were Jehovah's
type patient, the patient with blood diffi- witnesses; no biood was used In the case
cult or impossible to cross match, would of the other twelve, although they had no
be more easily treat::!d."
objections to its use if thought necessary.
He also tells that, In op::!rating open- In these operations a 5-percent de:itrose
heart cases without blood, patients were solution in distilJed water with heparin
given iron, by inject ion and/or by mouth, was t:sed for priming the heart-lung maB vitamins, liver exttact a nd other like chine, "meticulous hemostasis was empreparations, and hemostasis was care- ployed through the opetations" a nd iron
was given orally and by Injection.
fully practiced. ~~ After these operations,
Among other things, these physicians
however, no attempt was made to restore
reported : ' 10ur favorable clinical experi HemosalSis mc;tn~ exercising grenL cnrc Lo avoid
ence with dextrose in distilled water is
any loss ol blood. lt Juclu<lcs not extending Incisions
any farther Lhan aMolutely necessary; using. where supported by laboratory data which demCeaslble. c.:uteo or a hl&h elt.'Ctrtc currenL Instead of
onstrates its superiority to techniques ema knlfe, as Lhl~ t!'nds to ~c:tl the smnllrr sl'vered blood
vessels automaLically. It also means making the greatploying homologous blood in almost every
est possible use of sulures or sLILche~. ligatures Lo
tie lhe blood vessels, hemostats or clamps. conon. clolh
respect."
And not only was there no kidor a foam product. etc.
MAY 22, 19G1
.,.
-<>
ney damage reported but in some in- solutions. Today, not only are they willing
stances kidney function was found to be to operate without blood on the Witnesses,
considerably improved after the opera- but of their own accord they have opertion; and in case after case the heart, ated on twelve others without blood where
which had enlarged itself because of the the patients themselves had no objection
extra work it was required to do because to blood. On seventy others, the report
of the faulty valve, became reduced in also showed, they used only one unit of
size due to the success of the artificial blood, and, as previously noted, there may
valve replacement. Incidentally, it is of be a question as to whether it really was
interest that the use of dextrose as a needed or not. What will tomorrow bring?
primer in the heart-lung machine was At t.'1is rate of progress how long will it
risked only because of the scruples Jeho- be until physicians will discard blood
vah's witnesses had to using blood and transfusions, as a previous generation of
their villingness to try out this method. physicians discarded bloodletting?
Pertinent here is what Dr. Bruce Chown
These physicians have used this dextrose solution in priming their heart-lLmg of Winnipeg, Canada, stated in the Canamachines in 2,500
dian Medical Associconsecutive cases,
ation Journal: "At
ART!CLES IN THE NEXT ISSUE
with the most enleast half of all trans Relie f from Frust:ations Certain.
couragi ng resu lts.
fusions are unneces~
W ill Spa in Soon Have Religious L ibert y?
The various kinds of
sary; personally I
Steps to Easier and Setter Lnundering.
think the proportion
operations have av A Woman's Way of Lite in Africa.
eraged from about a
is much higher than
half hour to an hour
that. What i s the
and a half, depending upon their nature. proof that more than a small fraction of
While these doctors are not opposed to the blood that is daily poured into the pablood transfusions, they recognize the risk tients in the operating rooms alters the
that is involved in giving blood and so prognosis for the better? ... I would hazhave tried to keep its use down to a ard the guess that not 5 percent-no, not
minimum.
1 percent of the transfusions given [to
The postoperative studies of the blood women at time of delivery] have been
of the patients who had scruples against life-saving. And I would hazard the guess
using blood showed that aU these "main- too that at least as great a percentage has
tained a mild anemia which still permitted been death-dealing."
satisfactory recovery." The report conIn other words, according to Dr. Chown,
cludes by saying: "The successful surgical at least as regards these particular cases,
management of nineteen patients under- medical practice is no better off with
going valve replacement for advanced car- blood transfusions than it was before, for
diac valvular disease without blood trans- as many die from the untoward effects
fusion demonstrates the wide margin of
safety offered by this technique of [dex- of blood transfusions as have their lives
saved because of being given blood transtrose priming] open-heart surgery."
Not long ago these surgeons were will- fusions! Salt solutions, Ringer's lactate soing to try for the first time open-heart lution, dextrose (sugar) solutions, H aesurgery on patients who had scruples maccel (gelatine) solutions! How much
against blood transfusion by priming their longer will it be until the eclipse of blood
heart-lung machines with dextrose or like transfusions is complete?
26
AWAKE!
27
pi'actice is esp~cially reprehensible when be futile but it was found that "in some
the drug is continued for a long time." children the long-term daily administraThe very next issue of this same journal tion of antiepileptic drugs can cause much
contained a report that questioned the physical and emotional harm."-M'edical
merits of another generally accepted medi- World News, November 25, 1966.
cal practice, namely, the "anticoagulant
Even the commonly accepted method of
maintenance therapy" for patients who treatiag one of the most common of all
have had a certain ldnd of heart attack. ills, the fever, has recently come up for
A ten-year study by two professors of severe censure, as reported in the very
medicine showed that there was absolutely next issue of this medical journal, Decemno difference in the survival rate of pa- ber 2, 1966. In it Dr. Andre Lwoff, of the
tients who had received this therapy and French Pasteur Institute, and a Nobel
patients who had received placebos (imi- Prize winner, went on record as supporttation medicine) and patients who had ing fo!k medicine as against medical pracneither received the therapy nor imagined tice. He stated that 'fever as one of the
that they were receiving medication. They factors of healing in viral infections is well
said: "We wanted to know if there was known in the research community. It is
any benefit from long-term anticoagulant time that this information be mentioned
[treatment] after acute myocardial in- in medical textbool<s and acted upon in
farction." We find no evidence that it re- medical practice.' What folly, therefore,
duces either mortality or complications." would it be for a physician to obtain a
In fact, as reported by Newsweek, Novem- court order to force a patient who had
ber 7, 1966, these doctors further found high fever to submit to medication for the
that. far from this medication's proving purpose of reducing his temperature simhelpful, it caused those receiving it to be ply because it was the generally accepted
hospitalized more often than others who medical practice!
were not, especially as a result of bleeding
complications.
The Blood Transfusion Trend
Coming back to the subject of blood, we
How Should Epilepsy and the
find that all this also applies to the wisdom
Common Fever B e Treated? of giving blood transfusions in certain sitOnly a few weeks later medical opinion uations. Thus while for long it has been
was again found to be divided in a report the custom to give massive blood transfuthat challenged the usual methods of diag- sions where there is much stomach bleednosis and treatment of epilepsy in chiling, as in peptic ulcers, latest research indren : "Neurologists at a recent Boston
dicates
that serious bleeding will usually
symposium heard some nerve-shattel'ing
cease
if
no extra fluid is added to the cirreports that challenged commonly held beliefs about diagnosis and treatment of t he culation.-Surgery, November 1965.
Then, again, some physicians feel that
disease" of epilepsy. "Waves of criticism
they
must build up the blood pressure by
were directed at both the use of 6e electroencephalogram [in diagnosis] and tin blood transfusions before operating, but
administration of anti-convulsive drugs to another report discredits this procedure.
children." Not only were these found to It tells of many radical cancer operations'
being "appreciably facilitated and the loss
ln which a blood clot cavses the deadening of
of
blood reduced" by inducing a lowered
some or the heart muscle.
28
AWAKE!
Supporting the foregoing are the observations of Dr. William C):osby in Annals
of the New York Acade-my of Sciences,
July 1964. He tells of the success of open-
It is evident that coercive medical treatment does not make sense. How foolish to
insist that legislative bodies require by
law that everyone submit to certain forms
of medical treatment, only to have it come
to light later that the treat.>nent results in
more harm than good! It has happened
before. Is it going to happen again?
Is it wise to enthrone modern medicine
as in.fallible, when medical literature itself
clearly shows that many of their medical
practices are now being exposed as illadvised?
Would you like to have a leg amputated
in spite of your objections, simply because
a doctor, lacking experience to know what
else to do, declared it to be necessary?
Do you believe that doctors should be
authorized by law to seize children who
come from good homes and subject them
to operations in spite of the objections of
their parents?
When these things happen to Jehovah's
witnesses and their children, the way is
opened for them to happen to others in
the community and to their children.
When judges order "emergency" blood
transfusions for the children of Jehovah's
witnesses in spite of the objections of their
parents, your O\VTI freedom to choose medical treatment is being endangered. When
laws are proposed that authorize doctors
to override religious beliefs, it is your own
religious freedom that is being undermined. The issues deserve serious thought.
Your own freedom, even your own life, is
involved.
29
30
WATCHTOWER
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Hearts."
Name ...................................... ......................................... ..
City ........................................................................................
31
IN MATTERS
WATCHTOWER
Please send me the book "Things in Which It Is Impossible [or God to Lie." I am enclosing
50c. For maillng lhe coupon I am to r eceive tree the booklet When God Is l{ing over J\ZZ the
Eo.rth.
Name ......................................................................................
Tn : AU STRALIA address 11 Bere!'.rord Rd .. S t rathfleld . N.S.W. ENGLAND: T.he Ridgeway , London N.W. 7.
CANADA: 150 Br!dge3and Ave., Toronto 19. Ont. SO. AFRICA : Private Bag 2, P.O. Elandsfonlein, TransvM.I.
32
AWAKE!
-, .4:.
..........
./
0-0-
_:,&
I
~.
o
'-
'"
~~~
4 ,550,000
omcet
Semfmonlhly-.\frl~aaos, Cebuano,
l~ lnn isb, Fren~ll. GermRn 1 Orttk.
Monthly-('hJnm, Cloysn;o,
Tamil, Ukr!nion.
llUtg~yoon ,
Malarnlom, l'ollsll.
Tho Blblo translation regularly ased In "Awake!" Is llle Now World Tranllotlon of tho Holy Scriptam, 1961 tuition.
When other translatlona are ostd, this h clearly marked.
llli - 1111 - 111 -- -P- JII -111 -!11- Ir.l - ~11-llll-1!11 -llll-lll -1111 - lfl
CONTENTS
Do You Apply Preventive Maintenance
to Your Life?
3
Relief from Frustrations Certain
5
P ortugal's Supreme Court Agrees to
Conviction of Innocent Christians!
9
Steps to Easier and Better L aundering 12
High Cost of Business Letters
15
Government of the Bahamas
Changes Hands
16
17
21
24
26
27
29
Volume XLV I II
JTOU
Number 11
A 1.pp141
anthe
wisest as well as one of
the richest rulers that
ever lived. He denied
FROM
himself no material good
thing in his quest for
happiness. Yet after all
this he was compelled to
exclaim: "Everything is
vanity!" Yes, his quest
for happiness by acquiring material things reHow will Gocl end frustrations?
sulted in frustration, for
What must man himself do to get free?
frustration means to be
checked, thwarted, defeated or balked in an
endeavor or purpose; being prevented olic seminary." Why? Because of "frusfrom reaHzing one's goal.-Eccl. 1: 2.
trated" seminarians. Among other things,
"some
125 frustrated students suddenly
How often is frustration the lot of man!
marched
under the seminary library winIt all began, as the Bible shows, with the
dow
to
protest"
Cardinal Cushing's undisobedience of our first parents, Adam
concern
about
their
complaints.- Newsand Eve. Today, after almost six thouweek,
April
18,
1966.
sand years, it may well be said that frustration is more widespread than ever beFrustration also appears to be the lot of
fore. Thus, regarding the situation in the many nuns today. Thus Tinw) January 13,
United States, one of its leading maga- 1967, told that resignations by nuns have
zines editorially stated: "Disunity, frus- more than doubled in the last five years
tration, suspicion and fear permeate the and that what worries church officials is
nation. -The Saturday Evening Post) No- that many of these resigning are not novvember 5, 1966.
ices but nuns who have spent from ten
Typical is the frustration in certain re- to twenty years in convents.
ligious circles, even as the press reports:
Priests find it very difficult to leave their
"Nothing like it had ever happened before 'vocations,' and so their frustrations often
in Chicago Catholicism. Nothing like it, lead to bad fruits, as noted by Peter Serfor that matter, had ever happened in Chi- vetnyk, a Canadian Roman Catholic priest
cago or in Catholicism. Thirteen hundred for seventeen years who quit and married.
priests, all of them responsible and faith- Why? He found himself becoming a homoful pastors, met October 24, to form an sexual because of frustration. In a radio
'Association of Chicago Priests.' And interview, among other things, he said:
why had they met ? Because of "frustra- "I can say that many priests have become
tion and restlessness, reports The Chris- drug addicts, alcoholics or have mistresses
in private .... It is the curse of celibacy."
tian Century) November 9, 1966.
Apparently
world conditions, the increase
In Boston, Massachusetts, there was
"the most explosive confrontation ever to of knowledge and the stress on freedom
take place in a United States Roman Cath- are causing many in posit ions of religious
RELIEF
CERTAIN
11
11
II
JUNE 8, 196'1'
,)
How will He accomplish this? By means and death will be no more, neither will
of his Kingdom rule over the earth, and mourning nor outcry nor pain be any
it will do this in what might be termed more. The former things have passed
three basic ways. In the first place, all away." This will include the selfish sinful
frustrations caused by unjust, inequitable tendencies that often cause persons to beconditions will be done away with, and come frustrated, because Jesus Christ is
how many have suffered frustrations be- "the Lamb of God that takes away the
cause of injustices, including the victims sin of the world." Yes, 'when Jehovah's
of racial, religious and national prejudice! judgments are in the earth, its inhabitants
Concerning the King of God's kingdom we will learn righteousness.'-Rev. 21:4;
read: "He will not judge by any mere John 1:29; !sa. 26:9.
appearance to his eyes, nor reprove simAnd thirdly, relief from frustration is
ply according to the thing heard by his certain by means of God's kingdom, for
ears. And with righit will make an end
of all the incorrigibly
teousness he must
CO, 11 G N 11 ~ l'G} T lSSUE
wicked. All who willjudge the lowly ones,
Serve the God Who Remembe r s.
fully remain selfish,
and with upri g ht Confessed Criminals on the Streets.
Oil-b y the Square Mile!
who would frustrate
ness he must give re "Which Cut, Please?"
others or stubbornly
proof in behalf of the
The Strange Cult of Maria Lil)n.ra.
insist on a selfmeek ones of the
earth .... And righfrustrating course,
teousness must prove to be the belt of his will be wiped out. "The transgressors
themselves will certainly be annihilated tohips."-Isa. 11:3-5.
Nor will there be any economic injus- gether; the future of wicked people will
tices then, for we are assured ~1.at "they indeed be cut off."-Ps. 37:38.
will certainly build houses and have ocAs a faithful minister of God well decupancy; and they will certainly plant scribed that time:
vineyards and eat their fruitage . ... They
"Close your eyes for a moment to the
will not toil for nothing." Then men "will scenes of misery and woe . . . that yet
actually sit, each one under his vine and prevail on account of sin, and picture beunder his fig tree, and there will be no fore your mental vision the glory of the
one making them tremble; for ... Jeho- perfect earth. Not a stain of sin mars the
vah of armies has spoken it."-Isa. 65: harmony and peace of a perfect society;
21-23; Mic. 4:4.
not a bitter thought, not an unkind look
Secondly, by means of God's kingdom
or word; love, welling up from every
all causes for frustration within our bodheart, meets a kindred response in every
ies will be done away with. Today many a
other
heart, and benevolence marks every
person is more or less frustrated because
act.
There
sickness will be no more; not
of the loss of one of his senses, such as
an
ache
or
a pain, not any evidence of
sight or hearing. Then, again, a person
decay-not
even
the fear of such things."
otherwise healthy may feel frustrated beYes,
such
will
be the conditions on
cause an attack of polio has left him lame
earth
when,
by
means
of God's kingdom,
in one leg. But all these frustrations will
be done away with, for God has promised Paradise has been regained by humankind!
freedom from all bodily aches and pains Frustrations will be a thing of the past!
leading to death, even as we read: "[God) Best of all, fulfillment of Bible prophecy
will wipe out every tear from their eyes, shows that that time is right at the door!
8
AWAKE!
Portugal's Su
on vieli
N AN action reminiscent of the days of
H itler and Stalin, the Supreme Court of
P ortugal has upheld a lower court's conviction to jail terms for for ty-nine Godfearing Christians, J ehovah's witnesses.
What was their crime? They met together
to study the Bible!
What does this decision by the Supreme
Court of P ortugal mean? It means that in
some cases entire families-husbands,
wives and older children-will be sent to
jail. In other cases families will be broken
up, as both husband and wife will be
jailed, a nd their children must be cared
for by other persons. In still other cases
husbands who are the sole support for a
wife and children will be sent to jail.
Of the forty-nine convicted, thirty-five
are women. Among these are two expeclant mothers who will no doubt give birth
while they are in prison. Another mother
has a baby that is still breast feeding, but
she has been sentenced to jail. And several are nearly seventy years old.
Such court action is almost beyond be-
e
oc
lief. How can any government, particularly one claiming to be among those na-
The case, which was reviewed by Portugal's Supreme Court, began as a result
of police intervention involving meetings
of J ehovah's witnesses in Portugal. On
June 10, 1965, about seventy members of
Forty-nine Christians condemned by Portuguese Sufl"reme Court, here shown with their children.
Found " guilty" because they met together to study the Bible
J UNE 8, 1961
10
TO EASIER AND
"JIMMY,
12
13
14
JUNE 8, 1967
15
" Awo~el"
N December 1, 1966, the colony of the Bahamas was thrown Into a frenzy by the
surprise announcement that there would
be a general election on January 10. Thousands
of people scramb!ed to reglster in the few days
remaining. Events brought a surprise outcome.
0! the four political parties, the United
Baharnlan Party is made up essentially of the
same group that controlled the government for
the past 300 years. The other partles are the
opposition Progressive Liberal Party, tile National Democratic Party, and the Labor Party.
AU parties threw their campaign machinery
into immed iate action.
Interest In the election ra n high, with many
groups gathering in public parl<s, In narrow
streets and elsewhere to discuss the proba ble
outcome. Unprecedented campaigning was done
by all the candidates.
Three burning jssues dominated: OpposWon
parties charged that ministers of the government were using their positlons to enrich
themselves by awarding government contracts
to thelr own business firms. Secondly, there
was objection to the government's permission
of legalized gam bling in the islands, on the
g round s that it provided a ha ven !or undesirable elements f rom the United States a nd
elsewhere. F inally, much was said about electoral boundaries' being unfairly distributed
on the basis of land area a nd not on popu
latlon.
The controlling party made no major attempt to refute the chnrges, pointing out, instead, that the booming tourist Industry had
raised living conditions over the past few
decades.
Election day was quiet and uneventful.
After the polls closed, the stLeets were almost
deserted. People were Cl'Owded around radios,
listening to the returns. By mldevening it
was becoming obvious that the confident ruling
party was not sweeping back Into office, as
many e xpected. Instead, It began to dawn that
the r esults would be very close.
At the end of the evening a dilemma developed. The results read: United Bahamian
16
jJJjdj [j/Nl_
J/ViII~
H1lJ~J Dlli J
lJB.5Jff'l1
JUNE 8, 1961
17
18
cial pioneer minister, (2) attended assemblies of Witnesses in Milan and Seville,
(3) participates in proselytism by means
of house-to-house visits, (4) accepts contributions and {5) conducts meetings with
others in private homes to read and comment on passages of the Bible.
The case began when four Witnesses
were arrested on January 21, 1964, while
in ministerial service. They were kept in
jail all night. The next day a pioneer minister of the Granada congregation, Jose
Luis Perez, visited the prisoners to see if
they needed anything. He, too, was arrested. The police demanded that he reveal
the name of the overseer. When Perez refused to betray his Christian brothers, he was slapped in the face and beaten
with a shoe. After several days he and the
others were released. Later, however,
eighteen-year-old Perez was indicted as
being the director of the illegal organization of Jehovah's witnesses in Granada.
The case was first heard on October 30,
1964, in the Court of Public Order. The
Tribunal ruled that the organization of
Jehovah's witnesses must indeed be considered illegal; the accused, however,
could not be held liable unless it was established that he was a director of the
Witnesses, and "it has not been demonstrated t hat the title of Special Pioneer of
which he boasts is of such a nature."
Dissatisfied with the Court's exoneration of the accused, the prosecuting attorney appealed the decision to Spain's
Supreme Court. The prosecutor argued
that the lower court had considered Perez "simply as a member, in spite of his
category" of special pioneer and in spite
of his having attended assemblies of Wit
nesses. The government prosecutor demanded that Perez be held criminally responsible, saying that he is "a member
with relevant responsibility, and without
having the position of director, exercises
AWAKE!
functions that can be considered similar :five fines imposed, "having in mind that
the very ones sanctioned recognize that
to those [of a director]."
This was the second time that the Su- they have observed such conduct." The
preme Court had considered the same case was appealed to the Supreme Court.
charge against one of Jehovah's witnesses.
The question before the High Tribunal
As in the previous case, the judges ac- was whether one's admission during inquitted the accused. The decision pointed terrogation that he is a minister of Jehoout that the prosecutor himself had ad- vah's witnesses is in itself basis for inmitted in his brief that the accused was crimination. The Court observed that,
not actually a director of Jehovah's wit- "apart from the individual interrogations,"
nesses.
the police affidavit "had been drawn up
without any other activity or effort, neiT he Ciudad Real Case
ther documental nor by witnesses, either
Still another case involving Jehovah's direct or referential, which could serve as
witnesses was considered by the Supreme a verifying element."
Court on November 16, 1966.
How would the High Court rule? Just
The place was in the provincial capital nine months before in a similar case the
of Ciudad Real; the date June 10, 1964. Court held that the police need present
T-wo young women, Santiaga Sanchez Val- no "witnesses" nor a "confession" of any
depefias and minor Encarnita Garcia Villa- kind in order to administer sanctions.
race, boarded a bus that would take Now, however, the Tribunal perceived,
them back to their home in a village af- "not only imprecision" in regard to the
ter a day in the city. Police agents board- police investigation, but a complete "abed the bus and arrested the women. Then sence" of proof, which is necessary "in
the police subjected them to an intense in- any case in order to consider as true the
terrogation, lasting from 8 p.m. to 4: 30 facts upon which the assumption is based."
a.m. the following morning. Each was From the "interrogations, only a personal
fined 2,500 pesetas ($41.67) for "belong- conviction is deduced," said the Court. As
ing to the sect 'Jehovah's Witnesses'" and to the charge of public proselytism, it
for "making trips to this Capital, to carry said, "not in any case is verification
on proselyting activities for the men- achieved nor does the affidavit even try
to do so." The five accused were thus actioned sect."
The same night police authorities round- quitted on the basis of lack of evidence.
ed up three others suspected of being
Jehovah's witnesses; these, too, were sub- An!valo vs. the Governor of Alicant e
A minister of Jehovah's witnesses, Anjected to the ordeal of night-long interrogations, resulting in fines of 2,500 pese- tonio Arevalo Garcia, was calling on people in his neighborhood on November 25,
tas for each one.
Police reported to the Ministry of the 1963, to offer a free home Bible study.
Interior that those who had been fined At one home a man answered the door
"belong to the sect called 'Jehovah's Wit- and identified himself as a police agent.
nesses,' and carry on a work of prosely- He requested that the minister call by potism in its behalf by means of visits to lice headquarters the following day for
private homes, facts that were recognized interrogation. Later Arevalo was fined
by the very accused in the declarations 250 pesetas by the provincial governor, on
given." The I nterior Ministry upheld the charges of proselytizing.
JUNE 8, 196'1
19
20
The proposed law classifies as "especially injtu'ious" acts of "illegitimate persuasion with the purpose of gaining members for a determined confession or to
deviate them from another." Also, the
usual references are made to not disturbL.ig the peace nor offending the "public
order."
Mean time, .fines are still being imposed
upon Jehovah's witnesses. On November
26, Rafael Garno Lopez was called in to
the Direcci6n General de Seguriclad in
Madrid and, after interrogation, was fined
1,000 pesetas for proselytism. The case
was appealed to the Ministry of the Interior. The Interior Ministry rejected the
appeal, stating that, "with your acts of
publicly expressing your religious ideas,
you wound the sentiments of your neighbors, who observe the Catholic religion."
The Ministry thus held that the Vi7itness
had violated the Law of Public Order, trying to "break the religious unity of the
Spaniards." The Ministry of the Interior
handed down this decision on February 11,
1967, long after the referendum of December 14, accepting the new constitution.
On February 28, 1967, the Spanish Supreme Court handed down another judgment dealing with two of Jehovah's witnesses. The judgment upheld the fines of
5,000 pesetas each ($83.33) on the grounds
of "propagation of ideas and proselyting
activities, distributing propaganda from
house to house, in the capacity of a pioneer minister of . . . 'Jehovah's Witnesses.'"
So it appears that in practice the att itude of the authorities has not changed
very much. Jehovah's witnesses will h ave
to wait to see just what the proposed law
will be like in its final form. Awake! will
be pleased to keep its readers informed.
AWAKE.'
American Ch iefs of S ta te
Meet in Su mmit Conferenc e
8y "Awoke!" correspo nden t
in Uruguay
Security Measures
Elaborate preparations began long before the summit meeting was scheduled to
begin. A housecleaning for Punta del Este
brought improvements in the streets;
weeds, btush and some trees were cleared
away from all main highways and avenues
to eliminate possible hiding places. Dark
areas were well illuminated.
Over 15,000 soldiers patrolled the entire
area. Many were stationed within sight of
one another along the entire highway
JUNE 8, 196'1
To inform the world of what was happening at Punta del Este elaborate equipment was installed that was said to be
capable of transmitting up to 3,500,000
words a day. Hundreds of newsmen were
ready to send a stream of news out of
Punta del Este to all parts of the earth
by means of 1adio, teletype, air express,
co1or video tapes, and so forth.
The pressroom, adjacent to the Hall of
P...mericas, had been set up in three weeks
and equipped to provide up-to-the-minute
news releases in English, Spanish and Por-
21
22
for which Jesus Christ taught his follow- contrast, this convention will call atteners to pray. (Matt. 6:9, 10) Interestingly, tion to God's purpose to use his kingdom
Punta del Este has also been chosen as a to end all wickedness, wars and hatred and
convention city for one of Jehovah's wit- to establish a new order of love, peace and
nesses' "Disciple-making" District Assem- perfect health and enduring righteousness.
blies, November 23-26, 1967. By way of -2 Pet. 3:13; Dan. 2:44.
OR many years I
have traveled about
F
the countryside of Africa with my husband,
who is a traveling minister
for Jehovah's witnesses.
During those years, I have
become well acquainted with
many African women, and I
never cease to be impressed
by their resourcefulness and latent abili t ies. The woman that lives in the countryside, known as the reserves in Rhodesia,
does not have the conveniences that city
women have, and she does not have some
of the discomforts that style-conscious city
women feel compelled to endure.
When a city woman in Europe goes
shopping, it is not long before her feet are
aching and she wishes she could sit down
and take her shoes off. On top of that her
arms feel as if they are ready to drop off
from carrying her many purchases. The
African woman in the reserves does not
have this experience when she goes into
town to shop.
Although she may have to walk several
miles to town, her feet are not suffering
24
from cramped shoes, because she prefers the freedom of walking barefoot.
If she has shoes, they will
be practical rather than
stylish, and they will very
likely be inside her shopping basket most of the
time. Her arms do not become tired from carrying
her ptuchases because she
puts them in a basket that
she carries on her head.
This leaves her arms free.
W'hile walking to and from
town she balances this basket, which may weigh as
much as seventy pounds
with its contents, on her
head. At the same time her
hands are busy doing some knitting to
pass away the time.
If her baby needs attention, she will
promptly sit down on the ground and
breast feed it without a thought about
what passersby may think. No one pays
attention to her, as this is a common sight.
When she has finished feeding the baby,
she will swing it by its arms onto her back,
where it is t ied secmely to her body by
means of an outsized bath towel. The baby likes it there and will generally fall
asleep promptly. She can proceed on her
way without the inconvenience of keeping
one hand busy pushing a baby carriage.
AWAKE!
Capable Worker
From her own land the African woman
gathers reeds and grasses for making the
mats upon which the family sits and
sleeps. She also makes the baskets they
use in the field and at home, some of
which are woven so tightly that they can
hold ':vater. The making of hats, table mats
as well as the thatch roof of the house is
within her capabilities.
She knows the right kind of earth needed for maldng pottery and brick for the
hut, as well as how to bake the brick. Huts
made of this brick are attractive and durable. She also takes earth and plasters it
on the walls of the hut, and she knows how
to prepare it so that it can make a hard,
smooth surface for the floor.
If you were to take a walk with one of
these women, she could give you a lesson
in botany. She can point out plants, roots
and herbs that can be used for sores, upset stomach and other ailments. She knows
which fruit, plants and roots are good for
food and which are not. Her keen eye will
also spot a snake hanging in a tree or
coiled up in the grass, although it might
take you several minutes to spot the camouflaged snake even when she has told
you where to look.
sadza.
Latent Ability
There is latent ability in an African
woman that can be aroused when Jehovah's witnesses call and conduct a Bible
2!>
study with her. When she responds with some other household chore and honestly
the desire to know more about the true tells them that she has no time to listen,
God and to share with others the knowl- one of the women ministers will take over
edge she gains from the study, she makes the work the woman is doing so she w ilJ
remarkable intellectual progress. If she is be free to listen to what her companion
illiterate, as many are, she will apply her- has to say about God's Word.
self in the reading and writing program
Although a woman's way of life in the
carried on by the local congregation of African countryside may be very different
Witnesses. ~Thether she is sixteen or sixty from that of women elsewhere, she maniyears of age, she is usually able to learn fests fine capabilities necessary for her
to read the Bible within a period of six way of life. Even if she is illiterate, she is
months to a year. Before very long she is
not stupid. When she is given the incenhelping others to learn the life-giving
tive and the opportunity to read and
truths contained in the Scriptures.
write. she does remarkably well. The rapWhen an African woman takes up the
ministry as one of Jehovah's witnesses, idly increasing numbers of Jehovah's witshe is able to overcome easily the problem nesses among these women is clear testiof people who are too busy to listen to her. mony to their latent abilities. To know
Usually two will call on a householder; and them as I have and to see their zeaJ for
if the householder is busy plowing, hoeing, Christian truths, after having been ingrinding maize, cooking sadza or doing structed in them, is a real inspiration.
26
JUNE 8, 1967
27
28
AWAKE!
Abortion Epidemic
~
JUNE 8, 196"1
29
U.N. "Punci1drunl<''
~
30
Transfusion Deaths
~ The National Health Ser
vice in Santiago, Chile, began
a serious investigation to de
termine the causes of the
death of three minors who
perished recently when they
~ Senator J.
W. Fulbright
was reported to have said, on
May 4, that some leading
American Congressmen, sup
porters of the Vietnam war,
were influenced by their in
terest in booming defense in
dustries in their home states.
The report was carried by
Newsday, a Garden City, Long
Island, daily. It quoted Ful
bright as having said that
some government officials re
garded the Vietnam conflict
as "a nice little war-not too
much killing but a big help to
the economy.''
Tax Delillquents
~ The Internal Revenue Ser
vice in America reported that
__o_
o_
s
T
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Please send me the complete Bible New Wo1lu T ranslation of the Holy Sc1iptures. I am
enclosing $1. For mailing the coupon I am to receive free the timely 'booltlet When An Nations
JUNE 8, 196i'
31
E?
"Disciple-ma!dng" District Assemblies of Jehovah's Witnesses
AMER ICA
June 22-25: Kalispell, Mont.; Shreveport, La. ; Stock
lon, Calif.
June 29-Ju ly 2: Aberdeen, S.D. ; Amarillo, Tex. (En glish and Spanish); Galveston, Tex. ; Grande Prairie,
A lta.; Montgomery , Ala.; Pen ticton, B.C.; Sedali a,
Mo.; Utica, N.Y.
Ju ly 69: Allentown, Pa. ; Asheville. N.C.; Lansing,
Mich.; P rince Rupert, B.C.; SaUna, Kans. ; Sas katoon, Sask; Taunton, Mass.; Tucson, A riz.; Waco,
'rex.; West Palm Beach, Fla. (English s.ncl. Spanish).
July 13-16 : Chicago. Ill. (Spani sh on ly); Laredo, Tex.
(Spanish only); Nanaimo, B.C. : . 'ew westminster,
B.C.; San Jose, Callt.; Savannah, Ga.; Weyburn,
Sasl~.
32
AWAKE!
JUNE 22 , 1967
President
Cor
4 ,550,000
sub 11:t1pt~oo
Yurly
Olftt~
GRANT SUITllR ,
ratt.,
edlll<ll!l
rrmJ~t.ln t-A
leoll'
tW11
$1
Zulu.
$1
$1
'f'amll, Ckrllint.&n.
7/6
1/
Secretary
lllldrou
W~lchtowtr ,
117 A4am Street,
11201, U.S.A.
to Brookl.ru.
l,;oot~
btCm
t>aloJ M
Broo~l.rn,
N.Y
Tb& Llblo lwo~l &tlan nglarly uod In "Awa~e!'' b lho Now Wlltld Translallun of iht Holy S crip\urt!, 1961 ~ilion.
When other translatiJns arc aled. this Is el.arly n~arkod.
- ~&. - rJ-i : -ll' - ~-r.lt-tt!I - M-I:f -1111 -11:.- ~~;~- u.--'- o:r.:-- .;;
CONTENTS
How Much In!.tiative Do You Have?
23
24
27
2!1
14
17
21
fo
a woke."
-Romcns 13:11
Volume X L VIII
Number 12
-,HERE
need for
~1(}uo ~
the exercjse of ini1tiative
every day. Teachers and
is
INI!lTIA1rlfl\VliE
.~2, 196~'
do you ltav,e .~
..
.AWAKE!
(\
2.~,'
1967
\}
bers most of them today? Where are Molech, Baal, Astarte, Zeus and all the
others? They are out of existence because
they were false, mythical, not real, and
of no help to man. ReaUy, they never
existed at aU, except in man's imagination.
Perhaps you feel that at least in our
"enlightened'' age most people do not worship such false gods. True, in many countries people do not worship an idol or
mythical god, bu t acknowledge the existence of one God in heaven. But does such
acknowledgment by itself bring a person
any more merit in the eyes of the true
God than the ancients who worshiped Molech, Baal, Astarte or the others ?
When Jesus Christ was on earth he
spoke about persons that acknowledge the
existence of a supreme God but do not
obey His commandments. Note- what he
said about them: "Many will say to me in
that day, 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and expel demons in
your name, and perform many powerful
works in your name?' And yet then I will
confess to them: I never knew you! Get
away from me, you workers of lawlessness."-Matt. 7:22, 23.
What was wrong? Those of whom Jesus
spoke believe that God exists and that
Christ is Lord. They even perform a type
of worship. But Jesus said that they are
workers of lawlessness in God's sight
Why? Because what they do in Jesus'
name is not what he instructed them to
do! They claim to worsh ip God but are
actually violating His commandments under cover of J esus' name. Of such persons
the Bible declares: "They publicly declare
they know God, but they disown him by
their works, because they are detestable
and disobedient and not approved for good
work of any sort." (Titus 1:16) That is
why Jesus exposes their hypocrisy.
What counts with God is not just acknowledging his existence, but leading a
8
course of life in harmony with what he requires. It means that belief in God must
be coupled with proper works. The Bible
says of this: "Of what benefit is it, my
brothers, if a certain one says he has faith
but he does not have works? That faith
cannot save him, can it? Indeed, as the
body without breath is dead, so also faith
without worl<s is dead."--Jas. 2:14, 26.
Learning About lite God Who Remembers
Is simply joining a religion of one's
choice the way to learn about God and his
requirements? That such is not the solution can be seen from this item in the
Toronto, Canada, Star Weekly of March
28, 1964. In au article titled "Canadian
Christianity Broad but Shallow" the
following was noted: "During a recent
series of Holy Week services in an Ontario city, five clergymen, old friends, sat
until the early hours of the morning discussing the problems of the ministry, sipping coffee, and generally talking shop.
Suddenly one of the men interjected the
remark, 'I'll have to confess that if someone came and asked me point-blank how
be could find God, I simply wouldn't know
what to say.' Then, looking around at the
others, he said, 'And am I wrong in saying
that the same would be true of the rest of
you?' There was an extended silence but
no rebuttal."
Such is typical of loday's religious
leaders. Why? Because they have abandoned the plain counsel of God. They have
substituted their own conflicting ideas for
God's truths. As a result, they cannot even
tell sincere persons where to go for God's
truths.
Jesus Christ did not have that trouble.
He said to his Father in prayer: "Yow
word is ttuth." (John 17 :17) Yes, Jesus
knew the truth was to be found in God's
Word, the Holy Scriptures. One of his
AWAKE!
apostles later wrote: "All Scripture is in- of clergymen, who substitute their think~
spired of God . . . that the man of God ing for God's wisdom. Do what God remay be fully competent, completely quires of you, having the assurance that
equipped for every good work." (2 Tim. "his commandments are not burdensome."
3 :16, 17) Jesus pointed persons to that - 1 J ohn 5:3.
Word of God. He knew that it would enRemember God. Learn of him. Do what
able us to remember God and serve him
he asks. Then he will remember you and
properly.
Do you want to be remembered by God? will let you live in his righteous new sysThen learn his purposes and requirements tem of things, where you will have the
as set out in his own Word. Avoid the opportunity to enjoy peace and happiness
contradictory philosophies of men, even forever.-Ps. 37:11, 29.
"A IviAN
wife
streets? IE> it not more important to protect thC' C'ommunity than to show such concern over th(' rights of self-incriminated
lawb1eakers? HO\v can the justices of the
Supreme Court justify a ruling that evidently ~pawns glaring injustice?
A look at the trend of American cl'L-ninal jurisprudence may help us to understand this strange situation. Perhaps it
wilJ aid us to comprehend the trend of
court decisions and see that the Mimnda
decision was the logical e>.1:ension of a
process that has bc<-n in progress for many
years.
Trend of Criminal Jul"isprudence
The early colonists who came to America were seek ing freedom from religious
and political oppression. Some of them
had suffered under the cruelties of "inquisitional" justice, and many carried
with them vivid memories of the injustices, the handicaps and the frustrating invasions of their rights experienced in Europe. They could remember how cotrrts
and commissions had used coercive methods, even btutalities, in order to wring
testimony from witnt'sses, confession of
guilt from suspects.
The dignity or the individual citizen,
they reasoned, shouJd be protected by an
enlightened constitution. By the terms of
the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the
Constitution of the United States the accused was not to be "compelled in any
crim inal case to be a witness against himself"; he must enjoy the right "to have
t he assistance of counsel for his defence'';
men were to be viewed and treated as innocent un lll proved [tuilty; and even in
court, conviction was to be based upon
guilt proved beyond reasonable doubt.
Howevet, after those Amendments were
adopted in 1791 many years were to pass
befo1e Americans would begin to gajn
appreciable benefit from their provisions.
10
Surprise Development
In the case Escobedo v. Ilz.ino-i.s tl1e
Supreme Court in 1964 took a hard look
at this feature, the 1ight of the accused
prior to appearance in court. Up till now
there had been little question about the
accused's rights in cowt. However, every
effort was put forth to obtain a confession
prior to arraignment. Then, armed with
a signed confession, t he prosecution could
present its case and obtain conviction. If,
on the basis of the confession, the accused
could be persuaded to plead guilty, all the
better. There would then be nothing that
could really be called a trial, but just a
.;;ttmmary conviction.
Escobedo, serving a twenty-yeat' sentence for murder, allegedly confessed complicity in the murder of his brother-in-law.
But he had been denied the privilege of
seeing his lawyer while under questioning
in a Chicago police station, and at the
,ery time when his lawyer was being refused access to him. Here wss a case that
pointed up the plight or anyone who hap.TUNE "?2. 1!l6i
12
13
14
16
AWAKE !
JUNE
~2,
1961
17
AWA. ICEJ!
ste.~.ks
in
~~.
1967
20
HOUSANDS of motorists
but gentle creature that
on the Autopista del Este
spends most of its time in the
(Eastern Freeway), Caracas,
waters of the riv2rs and that
Venezuela, daily pass a huge
takes to the water when in
monument depicting a nude
danger, we fwther learn that
woman riding a tapir and
this "saint-goddess" is said to
carrying triumphantly overhave an enchanted palace unhead a man's pelvic bone. The
derwater in the grottoes of the
tapir is seen stamping on a
Sorte Mountains in the state
snake, thus supposedly repreof Yaracuy. There, seated on
senting the victory of the
a throne of coiled snakes, she
forces of good over those of
reigns, according to her devevil. The casual beholder might
otees, over her remote forest
well pass the whole tableau off
kingdom. Her stone temple of
as some mythical representaworship is located deep in the
tion, somewhat in a class with
wilds near Cbivacoa. It constiCupid and his arrows or the
tutes the mecca of a multitude
of pilgrims who come prefabled Atlas bearing the earth
on his shoulders. To the motorpared to spend the night in
ist who stops and inquires,
this all but inaccessible region.
however, comes a strange revThey will string their hamelation.
mocks between ancient trees
The first surprise as one
decorated with orchids, and
approaches the monument is
cook in earthen pots over
to see all around its base offerIndian-style fires.
ings of flower wreaths, potted
plants and several bottles of
What Is the A t t rac"lion?
rum and other liquors. The
How does it come about,
thought might suggest itself
you ask, that Catholics are atthat this must be a cenotaph
tracted in such great numhonoring the war dead, but
bers to this cult of the sylvan
goddess? Do they not already
why the libations?
Well, a few more inquiries
have a considerable number of
elicit the information that the
"saints" from whom to choose,
sculptured woman is Maria
intermediaries through whom,
Li011Za. Still puzzled? w ny,
it is claimed, they can obtain
success in love, in business, in
she is the Venezuelan goddess
of love, the majority of whose worshipers healing, and so on? True, but Maria
are baptized Catholics. They believe that Lionza goes farther. She offers success in
she has the power to assume various forms attaining the gratification of illicit desires,
and that she shares with her strange pleasures of the flesh, untold wealth .
mount the disposition to avoid open, popuShe is the goddess of love and fortune.
lated places and to withdraw to the depths Her devotees believe that she has treaof the woods, nighttime being her favored sures piled up in her submarine grottoes,
period of activity.
riches that she will share with huma..r1s in
Having in mind that the tapir is a large exchange for their souls. They believe that
JUNE 22, 1961
21
a transaction that appeals to them as being quite profitable. After an. they reason,
the soul cost them nothing, and here they
can begin at once to enjoy what Maria
Lionza has to offer, taking advantage of
her deferred-payment arrangement As
long as she eventually gains their souls,
it is believed, she will grant her favors
now.
But how can she be so sure that she
will get her price? Those who gain acce::.s
to her favor must conclude a pact \Vith
her, an agreement with specific terms and
duly rat ified with blood from their own
veins. Are you aghast at how anyone can
be so credulous ? But even the rites and
practices of some long-established religions demand almost as much credulity.
Strange, indeed, how this cult parallels
the ortlwdox ritual religions in so many
features. It also has its priests and priestesses. It has its series of offertory altars
along the route leading to her remote
shrine. It has its holy pictures and its
merit -imparting charms, its prayen; and
.its vigils.
It is reported tl1at some deluded women
even offer their virgin daughters to the
priests of Maria Lionza, and t hey, in hil'il,
engage them in filthy rites that are supposed to bring great pleaswe to the nymphomaniac goddess. Its spiritistic service::;
are at times conducted by priestesses
wearing crosses, employing toads, and acting as intercessors between the goddess
and t hose seeking her favors.
Pilgrims to these rustic altars must
never come empty-handed. A variety of
offerings have been observ~d. including
candles, cologne, crucifixes, half-smoked
cigars, face powders, apples pierced with
matchsticks, bottles of rum and other objects. Devotees seek in return some kind
of magic illumination so as to be able to
triumph in business, to obtain formulas
22
very same one; or lht:! Indian Guaicaipuro, and of the Negro Philip."j
Liscano adds: "The spirit of these deified representations takes possession of
admirers through the use of tobacco, rum
and prayer. This trinity includes the
three races, and, putting Maria Lionza at
the apex of the sacred triangle, you find
once more not just the spirit of the matriarchal cultures ... but also the cult of
Mary."- Conahot1' (Tourist magazine),
February 20, 1966.
Herman Germandia, author of the book
JJ!aria Lionza., states: "It is taken for
granted that the Spanish, desirous of
spreading the Marian cult, exploited the
pre-existent cult of the Indians in favor
of the Christian Virgln." And Professor
Francisco Tamayo, collector of folklore, is
quoted as saying: "In regard to the name
used today - Maria - it is because of
a supplantation effected by the missionary
priests with the intent of entangling her
with the Virgin Maria de Ia Onza, the
patroness saint of the State of Yaracuy,
to facilitate the instruction of the Indians."
Attitude of the Church
"Bullets, grrns nnd vhuscs are killers. But, for Americans. cigarcltes are more
deadly than aU or them put together. Nothing is as lethal as cigarettes. Nothing
kills as slowly and painfully as a cigarette." So said New York State's Commis
sioner of Health Hollis S. Ingraham. It appears that the anticigarett<'Smoking
campaigns have generally had l!ttle effect. CigarettE' advertJsers now alm their
campaigns at adults-but extremely young.Jooking adults. And young people
feel there is plenty of time before they begin to worry a bout death from lung
cancer. VIctims thus continue to wind up in hospitals for the incurably sick.
JUNE
~?.,
JOG':
-
?"
24
AWAKE!
Once married, the boat woman finds herself in one or the other of two boat communities, for boat people are either fisherfolk or cargo ca "riers. If her people are
cargo carriers, her home will be on one
of the junks that throng the main harbor, shuttling cargo from the oceangoing
freighters to shore. Ac:ide from her materna! and domestic duties she will serve
as an additional deckhand. Her kitchen is
on the poop deck. Here she raises chickens and children. More often than not,
she will have a sewing mach ine, and there
is always a transistor radio aboard, essential for typhoon warnings and Cantonese
opera. Because of the vagaries of commerce, the cargo carrier's livelihood is uncertain and there is a tendency to wander
about more, going where trade can be
found.
However, the lot of the boatwoman in
the fishing communities especially interested me. Her daily life is simple. In the
morning the purse seiners come in after
a night of offshore fishing. A purse seiner
is a small fishing junk about twenty-five
feet long and nine to eleven feet wide,
wjth the living area amidships. It is just
a fiat platform covered with grass matting
and a half-cylinder roof of sailcloth. The
boanvoman here has very cramped quarters for a kitchen, merely a srr.all raised
platform on the stern where she cooks
ove1 firewood, habitually squatting on her
haunches.
Once the eal'ly morning meal is over,
the boatwoman will bring her children
ashore to play on the beaches, while mother busies herself with the day's chores.
She will make the tr ip ashore in a tiny
sampan, standing and rocl<ing in rhythm
with the long oar. Children learn th is skill
from infancy, and by the time they are
ten years old it is second natu>e to them.
I have seen tots of seven Ol' eight years
25
26
AWAKE!
.JUNE
:1,
1~'1i'i
First of alJ, let it be noted that nowhere does the Bible tell of immorality
for its own sake, for the purpose of titillating its readers, to give them sexual
pleasure, to "entertain" them OJ' to appeal to their erotic or prurient interest.
When it tells of immoral conduct, such as
Lot's daughters incestuously having r elations with theit father, it is simply to give
us the background information that the
two nations of Moab and Ammon sprang
from the sons that these two women had
by their fath er. As for Tamar's violation
by her half-brother Amnon, t he record
gives her touching plea for him not to do
this disgraceful folly and so humiliate her,
and it shows that in the end he paid for
his crime with his life.- Gcn. 19 :30-38;
2 Sam. 13: 10-30.
Bible penmen were not prudes. Such
things as incest and rape did exist, and
they minced no words in dealing with such
things as occasion required. Then, too,
God's laws to ancient Israel were explicit
because of the extreme depravity of the
people of Canaan into whose land they
were going. (Lev. 18:6-30; 19:29; Deut..
22:22-30) And because such sexual immorality was viewed as shockingly base,
Bible writers tmder inspiration used such
terms to refer to religious uncleanness of
an apostate people.-Hos. 1 :1-3; Rev. 2:
22.
AWAKE!
In Honduras, 47 percent of
the blood dispensed by hos
pltals sampled In a govern
mcnt survey was given to vic
tims of bungled abortions. A
study o! 4,000 women in Chile
disclosed that one of every
four admitted having one or
more abortions.
1\"'a tlon
w Cut Tarlt'l'
World Unrest
29
Clturch Garub1ing
~ Roman Catholi c priest
Msgr. Nunzio Pirulli scolded
the police of Pennsylvania
for having broken up a gambling party, which some mem
bers of the church committee
promoted at the Troca<lero
Motor Lodge. "Why did they
come and bother us?" the
priest asked. But whe.n a~!{ed
why at least one operator of
the gambling devices wa s a
known gambler, Msgr. Plrulli
replied: "When you need a
pair of shoes you don't go to
a carpenter, you go to a shoe
maker." A spokesman for the
police said: "Churches have
no more right to violate laws
than anyone else,'' and that
makes sense.
LSD Outlawed.
~
3(}
Sex Is Serious
~ Citing repor lt> Iro.nl uniVel'
sity and college psychiatrists,
Dr. Braceland, editor of the
A1nerican Jo1wnal of Psych~
try, said: Our young people
"Instant Wealth"
~ The poor of the world
dream of going from rags to
riches, and the people of South
Vietnam are no exception.
They hope the lottery will
bring about the realization of
their dreams. The French es
tablished t he lottery in South
Church Feud
~ Differences of opinion can
lead to some unusual happenings, even within a professedly
Christian church. For example, some ~wo members of a
,IJ.WAKE.'
Read
8 R 0 0 K L Y N , N. Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Please send me the enlightening Bible-study aid F;om Parad ise L ost to Paradise Regained.
l am enclosi ng 75c.
Name ......................................................................................
City
........... ...........................................................................
.JUNE ~ . 1967
;}1
at
~at?
WATCHTOWER
Only $1
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N.Y. 11 2 0 1
I am enclosing $1. Please send me j\/'ew World Ttan~~lation ot the Holy Scriptures. For ma.il!ng
the coupon I am to receive free the m structlve Bible booklet "Look ! I Am Making All Things
NeuJ.n
Name ......................................................................................
City .................................................................................... ..
I n: AUSTRALIA address 11 Beresford Rd .. St rathfield, N.S.W . ENGLAND: Tile Rid.e;eway, London N.W. 7.
CANAOA: 150 Brldgetand Ave., Toronto 19, Ont. SO. AFRICA: Private Bag 2, P.O. Elandsfonteln, Transvaal.
32
AWAKE/
----:=-----.
JULY 8. 1967
- - ---=? l'
4,550,000
Prinlell In U.S.A.
N. Y.
l ho Blblo translation rt.gularl y used In " Awoke!" is ille New Wcrid lranslation o1 l ho fjoty Serlpl9res. 1961 ed!Hon.
Wh en olh rr tra:rslatlons are used, tlr is Is clearly marked.
l-~
CONTENTS
J ailed for Being Christian in P ort ugal
H ow to Ma ke Your Vacation
Mor e Satisfying
17
20
27
29
12
16
Vo lumo XLVIII
Number 13
JULY 8, 1961
when to put
fa ith in what
we hear and
when to disbelieve ? Is it a
wise policy to
doubt everyone and everything we hear?
HIS is an age that is rapidly becoming one of doubt and skepticism. And not without reason. For
there is an increasing number of
things that one reads and hears that
prove untrustworthy.
Turn to the advertisements in a newspaper, for example. How much that you
read there can you wholeheartedly believe? From experience you may have
discovered that certain kinds of informat ion are dependable but that statements
dealing with quality of merchandise often are not.
You perhaps have found that the case
is similar with other information. Some
news columnists you have learned to
trust, and others you have discovered
are somewhat biased. Also, some salesmen you have found are honest, while
others are not. It is little wonder, then,
that you may have learned to doubt, and
wisely so. For as the inspired Bible proverb advises: "Anyone inexperienced puts
faith in every word, but the shrewd one
considers h is steps.'' -Prov. 14:15.
L iving as we are in what the Bible
describes as "critical times" when men
a re ''fierce, wiU1out love of goodness, betrayers," there is indeed value in not believing everything one hears. (2 T im. 3 :
1-5) But this poses the questions: When
should we doubt? How can we know
JULY 8, 1961
I mport ance
of Openmindedness
Some educators have observed a modern trend toward skepticism and doubt.
The deterioration of honesty and integrity is unquestionably a factor in causing
this. People have heard so many untruths
and half-truths that they understandably
have become distrustful of what they
read and hear.
Perhaps another important factor in
this trend is the popularizing of doubt as
a key to scientific progress, which it inAWAKE !
After becoming acquainted with the Bible one learns that it is faithful and true.
He finds he can confidently put his trust
in what it says. Its counsel and instruction invariably prove beneficial when followed. Yes, upon close study of it one
comes to appreciate that the Bible is indeed the Word of the true God, Jehovah.
And Jehovah God is the best friend a person could ever have! How should we view
the word of such a friend? Should we
doubt it?
Doubting a friend when there is no
sound basis for doing so leads only to
grief. It causes disturbance of mind and
confusion. Thus, the inspired disciple of
Jesus Christ wrote: "If any one of you is
lacking in wisdom, let him keep on asking God, for he gives generously to all and
without reproaching; and it will be given
him. But let him keep on asking in faith,
not doubting at all, for he who doubts is
like a wave of the sea driven by the wind
and blown about." (Jas. 1:5, 6) God has
always proved reliable. One who has become his close friend has proved this. So
there is no reason ever to doubt what He
has to say.
The Israelite forefather Abraham is a
man who came to know and trust Jehovah the true God. In fact, he is noted in
the Bible as "Jehovah's friend." (Jas. 2:
23) Abraham learned that he could rely
on Jehovah, so that even when God told
him he was going to have a son when
both he and his wife Sarah were long
past the normal age of having children, he
believed it. Abraham trusted God's Word;
he did not doubt, as the Bible explains:
"Because of the promise of God he did
not waver in a lack of faith, but became
powerful by his faith, giving God glory
and being fully convinced that what he
had promised he was also able to do."
- Rom. 4:20, 21.
8
10
ing the Congressional battle over Medicare, which is a provision for Federal payment of a large part of the . medical
expenses of persons that are sixty-five and
over. Medicaid is for persons of all ages
and is no form of medical insurance. It
was not until Medicare was made law that
the lawmakers began to realize that Medicaid would be far more costly than they
had planned. This happened when New
York State greatly expanded its medical
assistance program under the provisions
of Medicaid.
New York gave such a liberal interpretation to the expression "medically indigent" that 40 percent of the State's population could qualify for medical assistance.
This was such a shock to the House Ways
and Means Committee that it expressed
determination to change the law, but opposition from the states was so great that
it finally did no more than recommend a
mild change.
Half of the cost of the program is carried by the Federal Government, and the
other half is shared by the state and local
governments. Due to the fact that the program has expanded far beyond what Congress intended, the initial estimate of $240
million for the program was far too small.
Federal officials now think that New
York's program alone will cost in the
neighborhood of $1.4 billion by 1970,
when, it is said, it will be operating full
scale. It was the opinion of New York's
governor Rockefeller that Medicaid for
New York State would cost $532 million
for the fiscal year running from July 1,
1966, to June 30, 1967.
Other states are setting up Medicaid
programs, but the number of persons that
will benefit from them will vary according to eligibility requirements. The nation's most populous state, California, estimates that its program will benefit
approximately 1.3 million persons.
AWAKE !
Who Qualifies?
Each state is free to use its own judgment in defining the "medically indigent."
Consequently, the requirements for elig'ibility vary. In New York State, where
the program is the most liberal, the factors that determine whether a person
qualifies for medical assistance or not are
the amount of annual income, financial reserve for burial costs, savings and medical expenses. The total income a person
has after deducting income taxes and the
cost of health insurance premiums is the
first determining factor.
If, for example, a single person has an
annual income that does not exceed
$2,900, Medicaid will help him with his
medical expenses without his having to
pay anything from his income. A family
of four persons can have an income of
$6,000 without having to pay anything on
a medical bill, and a family of eight persons with two wage earners can have an
income of as much as $10,250.
A person is also permitted to have savings in the bank up to one-half of his annual income before he is required to use
the savings to pay medical expenses. Anything in excess of that amount would have
to be used, except for what is needed to
establish a reserve to cover burial expenses for the family when it lacks minimum insurance protection.
Anyone that owns property and needs
medical assistance is not required to give
a lien or a mortgage to the welfare department, although this will probably be
required of income-producing property.
Such things as an automobile and personal
property are not regarded as assets, and
so the person getting medical assistance
is not required to sell them. Personal
property includes furniture, appliances
and equipment needed in a business or
trade.
An annual payment toward out-patient
JULY 8, 1961
ENDLESS TREASURE
By "Awake!" correspondent in Zambia
OU who are reading this article possess a precious gift, a divine gift
t hat, if cultivated, can be a door to
an endless treasure of knowledge.
This gift is the ability to read, but
it is a gift that has not been culti vated by about haJf of earth's adult
population. This ability can be termed a
divine gift because man's Creator endowed
the fi rst man with the ability to read and
write. (Gen. 5:1) However, for Adam's
descendants the knowledge of how to read
is not a gift acquired by heredity. LearnIng to read is hard work. The problem of
illiteracy is not something that can be
easily overcome, and the problem is immense.
According to a noted authority on literacy, Dr. Frank C. Laubach, writing in
1947, three-fifths of the world's population could not read or write. In 1957 the
United Nations Educational, Scientiiic and
Cultural Organization estimated that
there were 700 million adult illiterates in
the world, that is, 44 percent of t he then
total population fifteen years old and over.
The problem is greatest in Asia and Africa, with adult illiteracy rates of 65 percent for Asia and between 80 and 85 percent for Africa. For example, in Zambia
80 percent of the adult population cannot
read or write. Adult illiteracy, however,
is a world problem. Even in t he United
States, the Census Bureau claimed a few
years ago that there were 8.3 million
12
treasure of knowledge, leading to spiritual 'to be able to engage in all those reading
activities normally expected of an adult
maturity.
in his community.'
Combating Illiteracy
One of the first groups in Zambia to
Developing countries find illiteracy one cooperate in this new literacy campaign
of the greatest barriers to helping their has been Jehovah's witnesses, who, for
peoples to progress economically and so- years, have been active in combating ilcially. The illiterate are unable to read literacy. Thousands have been taught to
and apply simple government instructions read in the more than nine hundred liton improving agricultwe or diet and safe- eracy classes conducted in their 725 conguarding health. Thus, as more and more gregations.
countries achieve self-rule, more governA subject of much discussion and conments are taking positive steps to combat tinuing research with regard to teaching
illiteracy.
literacy is that of the best method of
For example, since independence the teaching. Methods of teaching reading
adult literacy program in Zambia has have been broadly classified into two
been given new impetus. As part of com- groups, "synthetic" and "analytic." In the
munity development a qualified literacy synthetic method the student first learns
officer with countrywide powers has been the sound of the smaller units, letters and
appointed and assigned necessary funds. syllables, and then he is taught to comUnder his direction twelve trained full- bine these into larger units, words, phrases
time local literacy officers have been as- and sentences. In the analytic method the
signed to all the provinces and main cen- student is taught first to recognize larger
ters, and more are being trained. It is not units, words, phrases or sentences, and
the purpose of these literacy officers to then later helped to break these down into
teach illiterate persons how to read but the elements making them up, that is,
to train literate persons how to teach il- syllables and letters. Methods of teaching
literates.
literacy usually included under the synThis program calls for self-help on the thetic group are the alphabetic, the phonic
part of the community and the individual and the syllabic.
students. It is up to a community or a
religious body to encourage and gather the Alphabetic and Plwnic Methods
Probably the oldest method of teaching
students, find the teachers, provide the
classrooms and to buy the literacy prim- reading of alphabetic languages is the alers or to get the students to buy these. phabetic method. The student starts off
The government provides the literacy of- by learning the names of the letters in
ficers to train the local teachers and has alphabetic order, then learns to spell and
devised and printed a series of six pro- pronounce two-letter combinations, such
gressive literacy primers in seven of the as m-a., ma, then three-letter combinaprincipal languages. Generally a literacy tions, m-a-n, man, and so on. Syllables are
officer will train a group of teachers in ten combined into words and words into
two-hour periods spread over two weeks. phrases and short sentences. By constant
It is hoped that, under this scheme, by repetition, boring for most adults, the stu1970 all adults in Zambia who wish to dent eventually learns to pronounce corbecome literate will have had opportunity rectly the names of all the letters. Another
to become 'functionally' literate, that is, system widely used is the phonic method.
J ULY 8, 1967
13
14
For students in many areas and languages their new-found ability does not
open the door to an endless treasure. This
is because there is nothing further in
their language that they can read. The
only literature available in their language
may be the Bible, and, for most, the gap
between their primer and the Bible, or
other literature available, is too great for
them to jump. Unable to use their basic
JULY 8, 1967
15
16
AWAKE!
How to Make
.6 0 u r ...
\17; @
rcrot()\
More
atisfyin
17
18
19
l'HE POPE
-''Pilgrim of Peace"
at Fatima
20
21
22
Jehovah's witnesses for peacefully gathering in Bible study. At the very moment
that the pope spoke, these Witnesses were
preparing to begin their prison sentences,
which began five days later.
After the delivery of the message, Paul
VI triggered a postclimax demonstration
of uncontainable religious emotion when
he presented to the audience Lucy, the
only living one of the three shepherds
said to have had an apparition of the
"Virgin" in 1917. Now a nun in the Carmelite Convent in Coimbra, she did not
speak to the audience, but her appearance
was sufficient to ignite the greatest display of wild applause yet heard during the
entire celebration. This was the first time
that many had ever seen her in public,
as she has remained completely out of
contact with public and press. This was
her first appearance in Fatima in twentyone years.
The pope then blessed the sick present
and placed a large silver rosary on the
"Virgin" image, directing a prayer to her.
The celebration concluded with the procession of the "Virgin" back to the little
chapel, during which the audience jubilantly shouted "adeus" to the image.
History of t he Appearances
third appearance the apparition, appearing to be "a youth of 15 years, clear and
brilliant as a crystal," teaches the three,
aged 6, 8 and 9, a prayer, beginning:
"Most Holy Trinity, Father, Son and Holy
Ghost, I adore you profoundly."
It was on the 13th of May of 1917, the
following year, that the three were tending their sheep on a lonely moor eightyfive miles north of Lisbon, when suddenly
the clear, sunny sky flashed with lightning, and thunder sounded. As the three
prepared to lead the sheep home, they are
said to have seen "above a holm-oak a
Lady all dressed in white, more brilliant
than the sun." The apparition is said to
have told them that she had come from
heaven and asked t hem to return. "Tell
your beads every day to gain peace for
the world and the end of the war."
In June the apparition is said to have
given the little shepherds a vision of hellfire. Lucy later reported their seeing a
great fire, "in which were plunged black
and burning demons and souls in human
form, resembling live, transparent coals.
Lifted up into the air by the flames, the
demons and the souls fell back on all sides,
like sparks in a conflagration, with neither weight nor balance. The children
could hear their screams of pain and despair, which made them shudder. The devils were distinguished from human beings
by their forms of horrifying and disgusting animals."
The apparition then revealed to the
children a secret, saying: "You have seen
hell where souls of poor sinners go. To
save sinners, our Lord wishes to establish in the world devotion to my Immaculate Heart. . . . Finally my Immaculate
Heart shall triumph. The Holy Father will
dedicate Russia to Me and it will be converted and a period of peace shall follow."
Lucy later related seeing the apparition
in August and September, the three being
JULY 8, 196'1
secret: that unless Russia were converted gust 8, 1954, which published an "Official
there would come a new and more terrible Report from the Patriarchal Curia,'' statwar than that raging in 1917. A third ing: "After careful examination of what
secret, yet to be revealed, recently caused happened with regard to the purported
much controversy on the question of who apparitions, it was verified that:
has trusteeship of the sealed envelope con- "(1) Nothing exists to confirm or appear
taining the revelation. Many had speculatto confirm the truth of such appaed that the pope would reveal the secret
ritions;
during his visit, but he said nothing at all "(2) There is an absolute lack of basis in
of the mystery.
the assertions made to the public."
We now have two alternatives before
For Christians?
us: either the Fatima apparition is a
What is the Christian's stand in rela- fraud, or it is an actual historical event.
tion to the events that are claimed to have If it is a fraud, certainly it is not for
occurred at Fatima? Is a Christian obliged Christians. If it is a historical event, how
to comply with the requests made by the do the events harmonize with the only
apparition? It is only fair to state here authority for Christians, God's Word the
that there is much skepticism about the Bible?
authenticity of the apparitions, even
Be sure that the Roman Catholic
among Portuguese chwch leaders. Some
Church,
and especially its leader Pope
have even spoken out against the whole
Paul
VI,
gave
the subject very serious conaccount as being one of the biggest relisideration
before
the now world-famous
gious frauds ever perpetrated. Books have
pilgrimage
of
the
pope was announced.
been written relating in detail the events
What
would
be
the
result of such a visit
surrounding the happening, going to the
the
church? Upon docupon
the
future
of
extent of calling it a complete hoax. In his
trine? Upon world opinion? Such a visit
book Na Cova dos Leoes (In the Lions'
by the pope to Fatima would signify
Den) , pages 422 and 423, Tomas da Fon- wholehearted support by the leader-and
seca, describing the questioning that took thus by the church-of the complete Faplace after the children related what had tima incident. And in a period of history
happened, and the contradictions of state- when the church, by means of the Ecuments made by the three, calls the whole menical Council, has encouraged union of
incident "the most scandalous fraud of its all Christian religion, could the pope risk
kind ever construed" and a "premeditated visiting Fatima and thus reaffirm comcrime." In a letter that the author ad- pletely the church's devotion to Mary, a
dressed to the leader of t he Portuguese doctrine that has been one of the chief
church, he accused: "You !mew, and did stumbling blocks to union? And, rememnot condemn, rather you applauded, the bering that many representatives of the
very close vigilance exercised over the press, radio and television, including
three unhappy children, which vigilance American NBC, CBS and ABC television
only terminated with the death of the two networks, would converge upon Fatima
and the isolation of Lucy in an inaccessible from all over the earth to give worldwide
convent."
publicity to the visit, could the church
The same author then quotes the Lis- risk having the whole event later proved
bon newspaper, Diario de Noticias of Au- a fraud? Certainly not.
24
AWAKE!
Scriptural or Demoni c?
25
26
AWAKE !
JULY 8, 1961
27
28
AWAKE!
JULY 8, 1961
Fire Disaster
~ About 1,000 persons- customers and employees-were
believed to be in the huge
L'Innovation department store
In Brussels, Belgium, on May
22, when fire broke out. Before the fire was brought
under control, some 300 shoppers and store workers had
perished, making it one of
history's most disast r ous
building fires. Some suspect
that the fire was the work
of arsonists with anti-American motives. The store was
showing special displays of
American goods and flying
the United States flag at the
time. A store official put the
loss at about $20,000,000.
W ild Weather
~ People . can
do nothing
much about the weather but
talk about it, and April and
May provided ample material
for conversation. Drought in
southern Florida threatened
to dry up the Everglades, but
heavy rains in May helped relieve the condition. In northern California some 400,000
construction workers grumbled about heavy rains, which
kept them idle for two con
secutive weeks. Massachusetts
had a snowstorm on May 25,
hurricane winds struck New
England, killer tornadoes and
hailstones blasted cen tral and
southern United States. Why
all the unusual weather?
Weather officials say that it
is due to the activity of jet
streams-high altitude "rivers" of f ast-moving air undulating in paths from west
to east across the nation.
When these move in exaggerated sweeps, they say, extreme peculiarities in the
weather pattern result. And
this year has had its share of
extremes.
29
30
AWAKE !
rr~wtua~,
~PDRPO~I
k71teMnt~
ltm!~J
WATCHTOWER
Abortion Advice
~ In a 600-word statement
twenty-one Protestant ministers and rabbis in New York
city declared that they had set
up a consultation service to
assist women seeking advice
B R 0 0 K l Y N, N. Y. 1 1 2 0 1
I am enclos ing 75c. Please send me "Make Su1e ot AU Thin.gs H old fi'ast to Wl!at Is F'ine,"
the excellent pocket-sized handbook of: 512 pages that Jets the Bible s])cak for itself on 123 major
topics vital to llle.
Street and Number
Name ............................................. ........................................
or Route and Box ................................................ ,........... ..
City ........................................................................................
JULY 8, 1961
31
IN
FREEDOM OF
WATCHTOWER
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N .Y. 1 1 2 0 1
I am enclosing 50c. Plea se send me the book f., iJe Everlaating- i n [freedom of t he Sons of God
and the free booklet Healing of the Nation.s HM Drawn. Near.
Street and Number
Name ......................................................................................
or Route and Box ........................................................... .
City ......................................................................................
Stale ........................................ Zone or Code ................ .
In: AUSTRALIA addres!! 11 Beresrord Rd., Strathfteld, N.S.W . ENGLAND: The Ridgewa y, London N .W. 7.
CANADA: 160 B.rldgeland Ave., Toronto 19, Ont.
32
AWAKE.'
JULY 22 , 1967
4,550,000
t!kr~tlntau.
l'rlnled in l!.S.A.
The lllbli trauslatlon rcvularly use4 In "Awake !" Is t ht New World Trat>;;lation of tht Holy Scrlpturts 1961 edition.
When other translations are usod, this Is clearly marked .
'
a.:-
...;- .-
""-
CONTENTS
Why So Many Parental Heartbceaks?
23
24
26
27
29
15
16
20
Number 14
.VIiry S c. lfllllii,.Y
~a~re. ...-. .1 Heflllr#brec.ltcs-r
Why do so many youths
ECENTLY in a
guage, cynical i n its
leading American
philosophy. .. . Its chief
today puzzle parents
characteristic was total
woman's magazine a
and police officials?
depravity .. . Nihilism
mother told of her
heartbreak. She and What can parents do about it? [ which denies that
her husband were wellt h ere are any such
to-do, in their forties,
things as truth and
and had three charmgood ness] breathed
ing teen-age daughters. They had given from every word." It was a letter in
these, as she tells it, "stable, secure homes, which the writer was bent on t he pwreligious training, a clear-cut moral stan- suit of pleasure and calmly viewed suidard." More than that, they had the cide as the way out if things got too comcourage to say "No" to their children plicated. The letter had been written by,
when this seemed right, and even had of all persons, one of her daughters to a
been careful as to the ldnd of TV pro- friend on vacation. The father chanced to
grams and motion pictures t hey permitted come upon it and, being suspicious in view
their daughters to view. They were also of recent events, had opened and read it,
well acquainted with their daughters' to his great dismay. They experienced an
even greater horror, the mother said,
friends.
Then one day, in the middle of the fore- when they confronted their daughter with
noon, her husband came from work to the letter, for she felt no shame or rehand her, ashen-faced and trembling, a morse.
letter to read. She wrote that as she startThey had seen the heartbreak of a numed to read the letter it seemed as if a ber of their friends because of the lawless
sewer pipe had exploded in her face. Half- conduct of their children, and now these
way through she felt she could not con- parents joined their ranks. Taking stock,
tinue, but her husband insisted that she they found that their other two daughfinish reading it. What was it all about? ters were being tainted by the same moral
It was a letter, "pornographic in lan- poison. Although, as far back as could be
remembered, the families of these parents had never been involved with the police, "yet in the past six months we have
had official dealings with police, probation
officers and school officials in dizzying succession," the mother said.
She complains: "The authorities . . .
are as baffled a nd frustrated as we are by
the growing phenomenon of problem children coming out of good homes. . . . If
training, discipline and living a code of
ethics and a stable, secure existence cannot insulate them from these evils, what
can? ... We have spent many an agonized
hour reviewing our lives to see what
spawned our heartbreak. We have not
found the answer in our home life. Why
did they learn to lie with smiling ease?
How did they acquire expertise [skill] in
deceit and deviousness? How, we wondered, in such a daze, had we come to
find ourselves adrift in this crazy, juvenile
hell of grinning faces, dirty feet, empty
brandy bottles, dingy rooms? ... I cannot
reconcile myself to what has happened to
our child." She further asks, 'Why did the
beliefs and principles that supported us
parents fail to support the morality of our
children?'
heartbroken mother: "Kids have no morals these days-! don't know what we cru1
Aesthetics or Ethics?
Another reason for much of the parental heartbreak no doubt is a failure to
distinguish between aesthetics and ethics.
Aesthetics-culture, love of beauty, fi ne
manners, appreciation of art-are one
thing, but ethics-moral principles, love
of righteousness and truth-are someAWAKE!
as you want men to do to you, do the a genuine concern for the child's welfare
same way to them." "The wages sin pays and an awareness when something is not
is death." Do not be misled: God is not one right. Love has eyes! Such a parent will
to be mocked. For whatever a man is sow- not hesitate to sacrifice pleasures for the
ing, this he will also reap." Wise parents sake of the child's well-being. As a result
will heed the instructions that Moses gave the likelihood will be strong that commuto fathers: "These words that I am com- nication wlll always remain open between
manding you today must prove to be on parent and child and so the parent natyour heart; and you must inculcate them urally becomes the confidant to the
in your son and speak of them when you child. Yes, parents must give of their
ow n souls to their
sit in your house and
when you walk on
children, as th e
ARTICLES IN THE NEXT ISSUE
apostle Paul said
the road and when
e The Problem of Conscience.
he did to his Chrisyou lie down and
o Cnuch Programs Get Updated .
tian
"children."
when you get up."
W i ld Foods for You Tab l ~.
-1
Thess.
2:7-11.
Those vvho do this
Meet Us in Bomb::.y.
This brings up the
are far less likely to
question of the wissuffer parental
heartbreak-Luke 6:31 ; Rom. 6:23; Gal. dom of a mother's having a career aside
from that of caring for her husband and
6:7; Deut. 6:6, 7.
children. A career in the Christian ministry is one thing, but a secular career is
Other Influencing Factors
Among ot her factors that must be taken something else. It may be exciting, stimuinto consideration if parents would avoid lating and rewarding, but also exhausting
the heartbreak caused by their children's and tiring. It may well be asl<ed how much
not turning out well is that of training time and energy a mother has for her chiltheir children from earliest infancy. From dren jf she is pursuing a secular career.
the day of birth onward, certain truths Can a mother do justice to both? The
must be impressed ever more clearly on aforementioned heartbroken mother hapthe child's unconscious and then on the pened to be a career woman.
conscious mind, even as child psycholoAmong the greatest helps of all is the
gists have recently discovered. One of teaching of Bible truths. Here is where
these truths is that it is truly loved by the Christian parent has an advantage
its parents and another is that it can al- over others. From t he Bible one can learn
ways depend upon its parents. Important about original sin, why God has permitted
also is the fact that the child learns early wickedness and that in His due time he
that certain things are right and permit- will bring an end to it. Then the child
ted and certain things are wrong and for- will not be in trouble when he sees, "not
bidden. As God's Word says: "Train up once, but many times the rules he is
a boy according to the way for him; even taught to live by broken, and broken withwhen he grows old he will not turn aside out punishment," as t hat heartbroken
from it."-Prov. 22:6.
mother complained.
In particular the importance of love, not
That children can be protected against
sentimentality, cannot be overstated. Love the evil environment of our times and paris firm when it needs to be. Where there ents kept from becoming heartbroken is
is a strong love for the child, there will be being demonstrated by the children of Je6
i lWAKE!
have them all here with you at this religious convention and they all seem to
enjoy it!"
Yes, in his inspired Word the Creator
provided the means for properly training
children. Parents who follow its wise counsel will keep barriers from fonning between themselves and their children and
greatly lessen the likelihood of suffering
heartbreak.
Still more amazing is the welcome prep ared by the sundew plant for any mal'auding
insect, even a grasshopper or a butterfly.
First, the large flat leaf sets the bait in the
form of tiny drops of a moist, shiny substance. When the insect lands to investigate,
little tentacles on the leaf's surface grab it
and proceed to digest the creature.
Then there are the water plants that enjoy
a tasty meat dish. The bladderwort is one
of these. It has many small balloonlike bladders that float around waiting for tiny aquatic creatures to venture too close. When they
do, the bladderwort has a little trap door on
each bladder tlhat will suddenly open inward,
and the victim gets caught in the rush of
water into the bladder. The victim cannot
escape, for the trap door will not open out
ward.
You have probably also heard of those
little creat ures like lizards and frogs that
can use their tongues lasso fashion to collect
their food. Well, there are tiny fu ngus plants
that follow the same practice. They shoot
out thin feelers that form into loops, and,
when some delectable mor sel such as a wonn
blunders into the loop, it quickly tightens and,
presto! the larder is restocked.
But in case you get the idea of growing
some of these plants in your home, stop
and think about what is involved first. If
your home is equipped with screens to
keep out insects, where will your plants find
their food? Are you going to be their personal provider ? Most people find that they
have problems enough bringing home meat
for the family, without adding plants to the
list of those to be fed.
"FROM Boston to Bombay, the Catho- conscience, as well as many others, are
lic world has entered upon a time being openly challenged by both Catholic
of tension without parallel since the age clergy and laity.
of Luther," stated Newsweek of March 6,
The situation in the United States was
1967. Similarly, a religious editor ob- described by the publisher of the National
served: "The Roman Catholic ferment is Catholic Reporte1 as an "age of unbelief
more profound and more far-reaching that has finally begun to hit the church
than that of any other denomination."
in America." In Britain, t he crisis is so inA theologian of Vatican Council II con- tense that the New York Times of March
firmed this by confessing to his students: 13, 1967, stated: "Hardly a week has
"I have long resisted use of the word passed in recent months without some
'crisis' to describe this age of our church. gesture of defiance of orthodoxy by proI resist no longer. I know no other name gressive elements among the clergy and
for our present state." And a church his- the educated laity of the nation's five miltorian, Monsignor J. T. Ellis, noted con- lion Roman Catholics. Such words as 'corcerning Catholicism: "This is not a time rupt,' 'heresy,' 'anarchy' and 'lies'-epiof change, but a time of revolution."
thets more suitable, perhaps, for the
In all areas, whether doctrinal or orga- rough-and-tumble of political debate-are
nizational, the Roman Catholic Church is being exchanged among prelates and laybeing shaken by disputes. These are so men in public assemblies and in the colserious that this period has been likened umns of religious and secular newspapers."
to the time just before the French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the established Spectacular Defections
This ferment has led to increasing deorder.
Church teachings such as papal infalli- fections from the church of high-ranking
bility, celibacy, birth control, meatless officials as well as ordinary priests and
Fridays and abortion, and organizational nuns. Some defections have been of a
matters such as the church's authori- spectacular nature.
In Newburyport, Massachusetts, the
tarian structure, freedom of speech and
8
AWAKE!
10
AWAKE!
~2,
1961
11
12
only 13 per cent of Madrid Catholics attended mass; in other parts of Spain even lower percentages were noted.
"Anticlericalism- never a stranger in
this land - is found almost everywhere.
"All this worries many earnest young
p riests. 'We look around,' one of them said,
'we know how many people should be at
mass and how many actually are. We are
impelled by evangelical conviction to protest
against the "system" that we hold primarily
to blame for the leakage.' "
exclaimed: "All these years I thought it said: "There's a loss of confidence in ecwas a sin to eat meat. Now I suddenly find clesiastical leadership. The church's hierout it isn't a sin. That's hard to under- archy wants all the creative action to
stand." A survey found that six out of ten come from the top, but they don't produce
Catholics disapproved of the change.
any action except a council once every
The same survey noted the further di- hundred years or more. Now the church
vision existing on other doctrinal points: is polarizing into extremes, and there is
41 percent of Catholics oppose the no longer any room for us in the middle."
That loss of confidence was also noted
church's teaching on abortion; half are
against the church's stringent laws on di- when priest Davis defected from the
vorce; three out of ten objected to the church in England. He said of the pope:
changes in the liturgy of the mass; and "One who claims to be the moral leader
on.ly one Catholic in five felt ob.ligated to of mankind should not tell lies. To say,
follow a priest's instructions to integrate as the Pope did, that the teaching authority of the Church was not in a state of
a neighborhood!
doubt on the issue of birth control was to
deny a plain fact. A dishonest evasion of
Papal Authority
The surge of discontent and rebellion truth is not excused by the desire to save
from within the Roman Catholic Church the authority of the Holy See."
has reached to the top of the hierarchy, to
In December of 1966 statements by
Pope Paul VI. On April 19 he scored ex- American Cardinal Spellman in Vietnam
tremists within the church. He lashed out concerning the war ran directly counter
against the liberal advocates of "beat" to Pope Paul's repeated pleas for negomasses and said that "aberrant" forms of tiations for peace. While visiting the
extreme innovation posed "a threat of troops in Vietnam the cardinal proclaimed
spiritual ruin."
that victory was the only acceptable soluA week earlier Italian Catholic author tion to the war. But, as the New York
Tito Casini had called Cardinal Lercaro's Times of December 28 reported, "Vatican
liturgical reform the worst threat to the sources said Cardinal Spellman's descripCatholic church since Martin Luther. Yet, tion of the United States role in the war
in that instance, the pope sharply de- as a crusade for civilization was at sharp
plored the author's attack as "unjust and variance with papal views on peace." A
irreverent."
high Vatican source said that Spellman
not speak for the Pope or the
"did
Because of the dissension, Pope Paul
church."
called on all Catholics to join him in a
How widespread is resistance to papal
"year of faith." He said that some church
authority?
Priest Maurice Ouellet of the
scholars were subverting the faith by
criticizing church doctrine. He urged United States said: "This whole new atCatholic intellectuals to develop a "loving, titude in the Church is that there is not
trusting and filial veneration" for the one man who stands at the top, a medieval
hierarchy's teaching authority.
concept, the idea of a feudal lord with all
Yet, as he called for such loyalty to the answers."-Li/e, June 24, 1966.
papal authority, the opposite was tal<ing
And of the Catholic population in genplace. A growing number of Catholics, in- eral a poll about the pope's authority recluding priests, were criticizing the pope. vealed tha t six out of ten "hold the conJesuit J. L. McKenzie, a Catholic scholar, venient belief that his absolute authority
JULY 22, 1961
13
14
AWAKE!
1:1
.,._
(I'
""'
."
,.
!"'
~
loll
...
16
JouTnal ot
NuTsing, in
i ts i ss ue of
February
1966, that concentrations of
fluoride ranging from four
to many hunAWAKE!
dreds of times the fluoride level recommended for drinking water can produce
toxicity, but then it concluded by saying:
"There is almost no natural substance, organic or inorganic, that does not contain
some fluoride. Excessive quantities can
have a deleterious effect but in the trace
amounts added to water to prevent tooth
decay, fluoride is harmless."
But when trace amounts are added to
a water supply there is no control on how
much a person ingests, because some persons drink more water than others. Neither is there control over the amount of
additional fluoride a person gets from the
food he eats and the polluted city air he
breathes. That the fluoride content of food
is a factor to consider is evident from a
report that appeared in the New York
Times of November 27, 1966. It revealed
that the United States Food and Drug
Administration was delaying approval of
the use of nutritious fish protein concentrate because of the possibility that the
fluoride content in the concentrate may
give people drinking fluoridated water too
much fluoride.
Upon the basis of the studies that show
that fluorides in small trace amounts are
safe in drinking water and the statistics
that show a marked decrease in tooth decay among children drinking such water,
dental and medical organizations have
been urging cities to fluoridate their water supplies. These organizations are firmly convinced that this practice is for the
good of the public.
Why Opposition to Fluoridation
17
18
AWAKE!
~~.
1967
-~;
. : .
~bllll(
the Society's president 'from the LatinAmerican assemblies, the new equipment
went into action. As members of the family offered their comments at each morning's discussion of a selected Bible text,
closed-circuit television made it possible
for all to see and hear them make t heir
contribution. How satisfying to be able to
connect names with familiar faces!
Then President Knorr informed us of
still another feature that would enhance
the pleasure of assembling for the noon
meal. Two brief experiences would be related each day, with members of the Bethel family, students of Gilead School and
students of the Kingdom Ministry School
having opportunity to tell about things
they heard or experienced in connection
with the Kingdom preaching work. This
provision is now loo1{ed forward to by all,
and has proved to be so stimulating and
happifying that we want to share with you
some of the things we have heard.
surprise, a man came to their home bringing the bags and t heir contents intact. It
was his son who had stolen the bags, but
the father had read the literature and the
notes, and now was eager to learn more
about the Bible. He and his son are now
attending Kingdom Hall meetings regularly, having renounced thievery and all
dishonesty.
Another member of the headquarters
family, Herbert Fogarty, who has served
in that capacity for sixteen years, mentioned some interesting facts about his
visit to Cuzco, Peru-oldest inhabited city
in the western hemisphere, and once the
gold-emblazoned capital of the Inca Empire. The ftight to thls 11,500-foot altitude
in the Andes was by small plane, a thrilling experience in itself. In the largest
cathedral here the visitor noted a painting
of The Last Supper, a painting notorious
for the fact that the lamb of the Bible record is replaced by guinea pig-this, it
seems, in deference to the ancient Incas
ignorance of sheep.
Dickran Derderian, member of the Bethel family for fifty years, was thrilled about
his experiences among people who speak
his native language (Armenian) in Brazil. At Montevideo, Uruguay, he visited
many of his relatives and had the opportunity to comfort his own nieces and nephews over the recent loss of their father.
Many pieces of Bible literature in the Armenian language were placed wit h interested persons, and he has since heard that
a Bible study he started is now being cared
for regularly by one of the Wi tnesses ln
Brazil.
Audrey Knorr, of the Bethel family,
told of the pleasures of attending Englishlanguage sessions at the South American
assemblies. Said she: "You got the feel
of the missionary work-the tremendous
amount of work accomplished in preaching the good news, and how Jehovah has
JULY !S, 1961
21
AWAKE!
'.~
23
is
24
summer brings the temperature up no the wool of sheep grow so thick. The conmore than about twenty degrees. When stant air movement banishes most of the
the white man recommended clothing, the bothersome types of insects, notably the
Indian did not realize that he ought to mosquito. Certainly one would never be
remove and dry it when wet. So rheuma- plagued by smog here. And those who
tism and pneumonia took over, crippling have lived here for some time will tell you
and decimating the tribes. Comparatively that, provided one is adequately clothed,
there is a bracing vigor imparted by the
few Indians now survive.
When sheep farmers first moved in wind.
from the north, the Indians sought to
People accustomed to sleeping close to
stem the invasion of their precious graz- a busy railroad find it strange to move to
ing lands on which the guanaco subsisted, a quieter location. So, too, the resident in
raided the sheep pens and carried off this southern land becomes used to the
sheep in the night. The white men de- wind. It may be the moaning of the night
clared war and paid professional Indian wind, or the roar of swirling gu.<;ts that
hunters a bounty of one pound sterling for threaten to sweep him off his feet, or the
the ears of man, woman or child. Sub- piercingly cold winds that penetrate like a
sequently, the surviving Indians had to knife; but he has become inured to the
submit to the white man's ways-a system constant buffeting. To him there is something thrilling about the scudding clouds,
that brought them disease and death.
the gale-tossed seas, and the rustle of the
vegetation. He has known them from
Adjusting to the Windy Life
Punta Arenas, capital of Chile's south- infancy.
ern province and itself southernmost city
Not so, however, those who have come
in the world, has become a shipping cen- to this windy region from a tropical or a
ter for wool, hides and other produce. A temperate zone. It takes time and persevisit to this city of some 50,000 people verance to become acclimatized. For those
reveals something about the influence of missionaries, graduates of the Watchtower
the wind on human life. Notice how people Bible School of Gilead in New York, who
on the street walk along with that for- willingly came to settle here in Punta
ward bend of the body as they lean head- Arenas and share the cheering news of
on into the wind. During the few, brief God's kingdom with others, it was a drasdry spells sand and small stones sting pe- tic change. They have had to learn to live
destrians on the face and on unprotected with the wind. When wind and rain comlegs.
bine they might just as well leave the
Homes have to be solid and well built, umbrella home. Better to button up the
for winds that can smash large trees can
raincoat and tie on a waterproof head
quickly demolish light structures. Overhanging signs have to be securely hung covering, for this land has an average
so as not to be a hazard to passing people. rainfall of five hours per day, and gales
Where vegetable gardens are grown, a tall are known to rage for weeks on end.
So in their house-to-house visitation
fence is often erected to serve as windbreak so that the tender young plants can they have had to get used to raising the
survive the ordeal by wind.
voice so as to be heard above the wind.
The climate here has its advantages al- Of course, the people here are friendly,
so. In few places in the whole world does and there is warmth of satisfaction in
JULY 22, 1961
25
sharing with others the marvelous knowl- different from what they have known, to
edge of God's sure promises. They may give them proof that not all men are momeet and talk wit.l-J descendants of those tivated by greed and commercial interest,
Inctians who used to roam through this to impart to them the hope of life in a
very territory. Or, as some have recently New Order that will shortly bring peace,
done, they may venture across the strait prosperity and happiness to obedient ones!
to the main island of Tierra del Fuego Then, not simply as "children of the fresh
and carry the good news to spiritually winds" but as liberated children of the
hungry people there.
Creator, it will be possible to enjoy life to
How wonderful to be able to acquaint the full even in this land where the wind
those simple people with a way of life so holds sway.
26
I
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f:
II
0
i
I
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f
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rI
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~
27
War's Altermath
~ The MiddJe East war be
gan the morning of June 5,
and fighting did not end un
til the guns went silent in Syria
at 6:30 p.m. on June 11. In
the three-front war that Israel
fought against Arab coun 1rles,
they sun'ered 679 killed a nd
2,563 wounded, 255 of them
seriously. Figures for Egyptian
a nd Syrian casualties were
not available at the time of
writing. J ordan has announced
that she lost 15,000 dead In the
war. Israel conquered territory
four times its size, but the prob
lems of the territory remain
unconquered. More than 100,
000 Palestinian refugees had
crossed the J ordan River from
the west to the east bank. The
new arrivals have become a
great burden on a n already
terribly weakened Jordanian
economy, which now has
275,000 refugees. Some ref
ugees began to trickle back
westward acr oss the Jordan
River to their former homes.
Russia and her satellite na
tions broke off diplomatic relations with Israel. The United
Nations Is now engulfed with
the dubious task of restoring
peace in the embittered a reas.
Emotional rus
~ ~ioderation
in all things ls
the Christian way. (1 Tim. 3:2;
?hU. 4:5) Too much of any
<hing has repercussions and ill
JULY 22, 1967
C3
Eighty-one-year-old Maria
van Tieghen of Ghent, Belgium, won $180,000 in the na
29
30
Commou-La.w 1\[a.rriages
~
Blessed
If the clergy are not taken
Disappearing Giacieis
~ If the melting of Norway's
glaciers continues at the rate
of the past 30 years, all of
Norway's glaciers will dis
appear in a hundred years. So
says glaciologist Olav Liestol
of the Norwegian Polar Insti
tute. The tips of most Nor
wegian glaciers are receding
well over 65 feet a year.
of Jehovah's Witnesses
There is still time! Plan now to attend all sessions.
Write for rooming accommodations or information.
AMERICA
July 20-23: l(aneohe, Oahu, Hawaii; Ketchikan,
Alaska; Mancheste r, N.H.: Ogden, U tah; SpringGeld, Mo.; Tren ton, N.J.
J1ly 27-30: Port William, Ont.; Fresno, Calif.; Mad!
~on. Wls.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Sarnla, Ont.; Yakima,
Wash.
A"gust 3-6: Eugene, Ore.; Grand Island, Neb.; J ersey
City, N.J. (Englis h and Spanish); Keaau, Hawaii;
'M edicine Hat, Alta.; Pembroke, Bermu<la ; P omona,
Calif. (English an<l Spanish); Raleigh, N .C.; Truro,
XS.; Welland, Ont.
August 10-13: Barrie, Ont.; Columbus, Ga.; Osha.wa,
On t.; Peoria, Ill.; Rouyn, Qua. (!o'rench only); Saulte
Ste. .Marie, Mich.; South Bend, Jnd.
August 17-20: Al ea, Oahu, Hawall; Brockvllle, Ont.;
Costa Mesa, Calif.; )lonclon, N.B.; Orlando, Fla. ;
Worcester, ilfaas.
August 24-27: Corner Brook, Newfoundland; Evansville, Jnd.; Jaclcson, Mich.; Laurel. 'Md.; Rochester,
Minn.; Trois Rlvit'!res, Qu~- (French only).
IBAHAMAS
Octobe 19-22: Nassau, Bahamas.
BRITISH ISLES
July 20-23: Peterborough, Not'l h,mts. ; Swindon, Wilt
sh ire.
Ju ly 27-30: Bamsley, Yorkshire.
August 3-6: Blackburn, Lancashire.
August 10-13: Brighton, Sussex; Newcastle-UponTyne, Northumberland.
August 17-20: Dundee, \ngus, Scotland; Hamilton,
Lanarkshire, Scotland.
August S1-September 3: wood Green, L ondon.
Sept ember 7-10: Swansea, Glamorganshlre, Wales.
September 14-17: Liverpool, Lancashire.
31
119
( I lnh
"~5
11
6\
1. When eyes of blind ones see a. gain And ears of deaf ones l1ear a gain,
2. When tongues of dumb ones speak a-gain, When old ones will be young n-gain,
3. When wolves and lambs will ieed as one, When bears and calves bask in the sun,
When des erts blos-som as the l'OSS And from paTched ground fresh wa tcr fiows,
When earth will yield he1 rich in crease And all good things will nev er cease.
mere young boy will lead them all, Aud they will
heed his chllnish ca!J.
A
r.-.
WATCHTOWER
BR 0 0 K LV N, N. Y. 1 1 2 0 1
Please send me: "Singi1tg and Accompanyi'~t.g You-rselves with Music in Your Hearts,"
[ ) regular edition (each, 20c), [ J deluxe edition (each, 50c); [ ) set(s) oi 10 monaural
I.p. records ot orchestral muslc !rom the songbook (each set. $8.50). I am enclosing ....................
Street and Number
Name ....................................................................................... or Route and Box ............................................................
City ........................................................................................
State ........................................ Zone or Code ..................
In: AUSTR ALIA address 11 Beresford Rd. Strathfield, N.S.W. ENGLAND: The Ridgeway London N.W. 7.
CANADA: 160 Brldge!and Ave., Toronto t9, Ont. SO. AFRICA: Private Bag 2, P.O. Elandst'onteln, Transvaal.
32
AWAKE!
AUGUST 8 , 1967
4 ,550,00 0
'"O
'>or< -~ , L "
ro-.;u c l\'lld
~t Brou!Un, !1'. Y.
l'rlnttd ill l'.S ..I.
T~t Bible tnnslatfon r<talarly ijl<d in ' Awake!" is tho 11 ... Wotld Translation er the Holy Striptore, 1961 idltlon.
CONTENTS
The Problem of Conscience
When Opposition Is Resisted
Church Programs Get Updated
Wild Foods for Your Table
Worldng Elephants
Meet Us in Bombay
The Body's Circulatory System
Military Junta Rules Greece
s
12
15
16
19
20
Pedestrians, Beware
~
Out of the Fire--Alive!
~
Ridiculous Reasoning
Prison Walls No Barrier to Bible Truths 2
"Your Word Is Truth"
What Can Be Done About Juvenile
Delinquency?
zWatching the World
2<
How
Number 15
AWAKE!
c;onscience instead of obeying the com- mann's crime, essentially? It was essenmands of governmental super iors he was tially that he obeyed the law even when
sentenced to prison.
it contradicted a higher morality. This is
Your honor," the defending lawyer the essence of the Nuremberg decision,
continued, "on the one hand we pronounce that when conscience and the state cona man guilty because he did not follow his flict, conscience must be obeyed."
conscience and on the other hand we proOn the other hand, there are also some
nounce a man guilty
young men in the
because he does folUnited
States wh o
ARTICLES IN THE NEXT lSSUE
are
not
opposed to
low his conscience!
In W ha t Kind of Order Would Yo u
Like to Live?
war in itself, but to
Does this make
Assembly Time in Malawi.
a particular war, the
sense?" How would
Will the List of Extinct Wildlife Keep
Growing?
you have judged the
war in Vietnam. For
How Does Water Work for You?
cp.se? The judge saw
various reasons they
the point, and so
hold that the posigave the young Christian minister what tion of the United States in Vietnam is
apparently was the lowest sentence he morally precarious, though many, of
could legally give, namely, one month in course, disagree with them.
prison.
Speaking in the defense of such young
men
who have gone to jail for reasons of
Conscience and the Vietnam War
conscience,
The Christian Centu1'Y;. June
In particular has the issue of the war
22,
1966,
editorialized: "German war
ill Vietnam caused the problem of concriminals
were
not allowed the defense
science to involve more and more persons,
that
they
were
merely carrying out the
and this has been both on religious and
orders
of
their
superior
in patriotic obenonreligious grounds. Some 2,000 young
dience.
Yet
the
government
of the United
United States Adventists, whose religion
States
insists
in
its
Selective
Service Act
is opposed to war, have chosen to serve in
that
citizens
commit
what
they
believe to
the Medical Corps. As one of their spokesbe
'crimes
against
humanity'
or
go
to jail."
men put it: "We don't like war . .. but we
It
is
indeed
evident
that
the
matter
of contell our boys that when Uncle Sam calls
science
poses
problems,
both
to
governyou, you go." And according to the New
York Times, June 26, 1966, the number ments and to individuals.
of Roman Catholic objectors to war has
exploded in recent months. They too face Dedicated Christian Ministers
In various parts of the world the dediproblems because of conscience. More and
cated
Christian ministers of Jehovah also
more young Catholic men are seeking the
have
been
sent to jail because of foUowing
advice of the Catholic Peace Fellowship
their
conscience
in the matter of military
on "the Church's teaching on the primacy
service,
both
in
peacetime
and in wartime.
of conscience."
These
have
received
and
are receiving a
Then there are those whom some call
wide
range
of
treatment.
Hitler's Ger"peaceniks," young men who refuse to
many,
particularly
during
World
War II,
have anything at all to do with war solely
had
many
of
them
executed.
Within
the
on humanitarian grounds. One young man
last
year
or
so
in
Cuba
some
300
of
them
who was imprisoned because of having
taken this stand was quoted as saying, have been arrested and sent to military
among other things: "What was Eich- camps, some being seized so suddenly that
AUGUST 8, 196"1
AUGUST 8, 1967
CHURCH PROGRAMS
GET
the organ, while others p o ured their
hearts out in song. When it was all over
the parishioners filed out of the chwch
man, crazy-and amen," is in their Sunday finery past their pastor.
the way an observer described a re- They shook his hand and usually told him
ligious program at the Trinity Cathedral what a fine sermon he gave. That routine
in Cleveland, Ohio. The service was off seemed to satisfy; if not satisfy, at least
and swinging when a jazz band ripped into pacify. But no longer.
"Muskrat Ramble." The congregation of
L"lcreasingly, Catholic and Protestant
1,200 applauded for "Canal Street Blues'' churches have been reaching the concluand "When the Saints Come Marching In." sion that their way of worship requires
Robert Guertin, who had introduced a updating. The reason for this conclusion
professional jazz group, the Dukes of has been the empty pews on Sunday
Dixieland, called the program "a Gig with morning. Twenty years ago, Gallup Poll
a capital G." Bishop Nelson M. Burroughs interviewers found that 67 percent of the
of the Ohio Episcopal diocese described population in America attended church
the service as "an hour of creative wor- sometime during the week. Today the
ship."
number of adults answering church bells
A few years ago this program would has dropped below 45 percenl This downhave shocked the pious parishioners right ward trend in church attendance, despite
out of their comfortable pews, and the boasts of growing membership rolls, has
ministers responsible for it would have created concern among the clergy. Dr.
been banished from the congregation. But Charles L . Taylor, executive director of
as things now stand, not only was the pro- the American Association of Theological
gram hailed by the parishioners, but the Schools, said: Unless the eternal gospel is
ones responsible for it were Pt'aised as declared in terms that "a new age can
vigorous, forward-looking men, men of vi- understand, soon nobody will listen and
sion. How t imes have changed!
the seminaries themselves will be as exTraditionally, the heart of Protestant
tinct as the dodo bird."
worship was the sermon. In Catholic worSo modernization has gone to church.
ship it was the mass in Latin. People went
Architecturally
speaking, the new relito church to hear a sermon preached or
merely to relax in the realm of awe- gious structures are streamlined in and out
inspiring music and religious wonder. to res~mble the space-age era. Worship
Some enjoyed the soul-searching tones of also has had a face-lifting. The Roman
"CRAZY,
AWAKE/
Catholic mass, once conducted strictly Board of Homeland Ministries. "But too
in Latin, is now heard in the vernacu- many Protestant churches don't seem to
lar. The Vatican Council decreed that the have noticed." One change is that youngpriest now may face the congregation in- er ministers are growing increasingly imstead of having his back to it. In the Unit- patient with older ministers and their
ed States meatless Fridays have been traditional ways. These young men are imabolished. Even the Catholic view of Prot- pat ient with the church's apparent inabiliestantism has mellowed somewhat. No ty really to communicate with modern solonger are Protestants to be viewed as ciety. And for these reasons, many are
heretics, but as "separated brothers." In beginning to think it is the church that is
Protestantism there has been a liberalizing dead, not God.
of doctrine and worship too. Still none of
A growing number of young ministers
this has forestalled the statistical atten- want to be where the action is. They maindance trend in its downward plunge. Es- tain that wearing the collar backward
pecially conspicuously missing are the does not take away a clergyman's civil
youth.
liberties. They believe that he has a right
as an individual citizen to speak his mind
Commullications Problem
on secular issues, such as disarmament,
Ministers have diagnosed the cause to federal aid to education, birth control, the
be one of communication. "The old ways United Nations, and so forth.
of communicating just don't communicate
anymore," said Canon C. Parke Street of The "New View"
Louisville's (Kentucky) Christ Church
Modern churchmen have endeavored to
Cathedral. So changes are being made. An change the church's image by moving the
Auckland, New Zealand, Methodist minis- pulpit into the heart of show business.
ter felt that religious services needed Startling new techniques have been introsome life. He was convinced that an in- duced straight from Broadway and Madijection of popular music would be just the son Avenue. Churchgoers were jarred to
thing to enliven "traditionally dull and attention by jazz liturgies, plays, modern
stereotyped" church services. Minister Ba- dance and folk-rock masses played by
sil Hilder, of Northcote, said: "I have long-haired guitarists. They saw puppets
fe lt for a long time that our services are, and mock warplanes all somehow woven
for the most part, pretty unimaginative into religious themes. Some churches ofand unattractive." "A more modern ap- fered prizes to members who brought in
proach will help to get rid of the 'old the most new members. Still others adfuddy-duddy' image and show that church- vertised fashion shows, hat parties and an
going can be a joyful, rather than mourn- opportunity to get their picture taken with
ful approach to life." Hilder went on to an elephant. Others provided baby-sitters
say: "I feel Dean Chandler can be right for parents with children who desired to
when he said people were staying away go to the football games after church.
from church because of sheer boredom." Even characters from the comic strip
Today old ways bore. New ways are being "Peanuts" were pressed into service.
sought.
But these are only a few of many inno"We're in a new age of radical change," vations cropping up in Protestant and
said Dr. Truman Douglass, executive vice- Catholic services. "If the church is going
president of the United Church of Christ to be vital, its music has to be part of
AUGUST 8, 1967
what's happening in music now," said religious composer Edgar Summerlin. "The
church ought to use jazz and other modern musical forms." So in came jazz and
rock 'n' roll.
In Britain, as in other places of the
world, the substitution of jazz for "sacred"
music was the first breakthrough. In Chicago, illinois, jazz musicians performed in
the Episcopal Cathedral of St. James.
Nightclub entertainers gave a concert to
support the work of the night pastor of
Rush Street. A Methodist minister in New
Zealand injected popular music into his
church services. Church attendance overflowed for the first time in thirty years.
At St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in
Houston, Texas, guitarist Rick Kelley accompanied the choir in a spirited folk song
mass. At a service for youth groups at
Boston's Old South Church, teen-agers
frugged in aisles as a combo accompanied
a litany that went, "Praise His Name with
Rock 'n' Roll." In San Francisco a trumpeter, drummer fu"ld pianist played background music as a priest prayed at the
altar during a. "Jazz Mass" of the Trinity
Episcopal Church.
Even prayers are updated. Some o.f their
titles reveal the nature of their message.
"They Are Called an Interracial Couple,
Lord"; "This Is a Homosexual Bar, Jesus."
Malcolm Boyd, minister of the Episcopal
Chwch of the Atonement, said these
prayers seem very real to him. A book of
prayers, written for the "hip" generation,
entitled "Are You Running with Me, Jesus?" deals with problems ranging from
premarital sex to alcoholism and war. One
prayer goes something like this: "It's
morning, Jesus. I've got to move fast ...
get into the bathroom, wash up, grab a
bite to eat, and run some more ... Are you
running with me, Jesus ?" Charlie Byrd,
guitarist, and preacher Boyd were billed
10
!OVI TAILI
12
AWAKE!
13
dandelion, plantain (Plantago), lamb'squarters (Chenopodium alllum), watercress (Nasturtium o[ficinale ) and wild lettuce (Lactuca canadense).
For those who live near the ocean there
are several kinds of sea algae that can be
used as food. One is known as Irish moss
( Ohondru.s crispu.s), and another is called
tangle (Laminaria digitata). There is also
agar-agar (Gracilaria spinosa) , Ceylon
moss (GraciZa1ia lichenoides) and dulse
(Rhodymenia palmata).
14
tain types of pine trees. Usually acorns Catnip (Nepeta cata?ia) is another memhave to be leached in water before they ber of the mint family and also is rich
can be used.
in vitamins A and C. It, too, makes a fine
tea.
Fruits
There are many other wild plants that
A much-neglected fruit that is exceed- can be used for teas. Pine needles of the
ingly rich in vitamin C is produced by the white pine, for example, can be used to
common rose. It is the swelling at the end make a tea that has a vitamin C content
of the stems, called "rose hips." In some five times greater than lemons. The leaves
instances a cup of rose hips may be equal, of the small teaberry or wintergreen
in vitamin C content, to a dozen oranges. plant (Gaulthe1ia p?ocumbmt.S) make a reThe hips can be boiled to make a nourish- freshing tea when boiling water is poured
ing soup, and the rose petals, minus the on the leaves and allowed to sit for a
white base, can be used as food in a num- couple of days to allow a little fermentaber of ways if you can get roses that are tion to take place. Basswood flowers, clofree of poisonous sprays.
ver blossoms, the leaves of blackberry,
The many wild berries are excellent raspberry, strawberry and black birch can
fruits that can provide a family with fine all be used to make healthful teas.
desserts. There are blackberries, elderIt is not possible to mention in one
berries, blueberries, cranberries, service- short article all the wild foods that are
berries (Amelanchier), strawberries, cur- available to knowledgeable persons who
rants, mulberries, and so forth. Gathering are willing to make the effort to gather
such wild fruits is well worth the effort. them. Since our generous Creator made
In desert regions there is the prickly a vast number of plants that are suitable
pear cactus (Opuntia) that produces for food, it is possible for a person to exthorny knobs about the size of a lemon. pand his diet considerably if he so deThis is edible fruit. In other places there sires. They can greatly help undernourare such fruits as wild apples, crab apples, ished people who live where they grow
wild grapes, papaw (Asimina triloba), and who are able to recognize them.
In the years to come, cilcumstances
w_ild cherries and persimmon. As with
may
arise in which you will find a knowlother plants, wild fruits will differ accordedge of wild foods to be exceedingly useing to the country in which you live.
ful. Such knowledge helped many families during the depression years in the
Teas
An excellent tea can be made from wild 1930's. By learning to recognize just the
spearmint and peppermint. When freshly few plants mentioned in this article a fampicked, mint is rich in vitamin C and is ily could do much to meet its food needs
richer in vitamin A than carrots. Finely now, as well as future needs when circumchopped mint can be added to almost any stances may be different. Once a family
salad. Other usable mints are horsemint, becomes acquainted with wild foods, it will
water mint and Native mint. The Latin seem very natural for them to be part of
name for the mint species is Mentha and their daily diet and to have a place on the
that for Native mint is Mentha mvensis. dinner table.
WORKING ELEPHANTS
It takes upward of si.x months to train an elephant to move logs in
one of India's lumber camps.
AUGUST 8, 1961
11"'}
~eLLo, ~olk6,
We were thrilled to get your
letter saying you hoped to visit
us in India. How soon will you
come? If you come during your
northern winter, the weather
will be nice here-not the hot
summer temperatures of 110 to
120 degrees F . Do you want to
visit one or two specific places?
Or would you like to go on a
tour with us for a month or
so?
If you were to come with us on
one of our typical tours in India it would
give you a good idea of travel here, and you
would see some of the country. Of course,
we do not travel by car here as you do.
Distances are too great and the roads are
not good. On the other hand, cost of rail
travel is very reasonable. We will have
to decide whether we will travel first class
or third class. The wonderful thing about
third class is that its cost is so low, about
a half cent a mile-excuse me, you are
English; that is, about half a penny a
mile. It does have some disadvantages
without a booking: You may havre to try
to climb in the window against a crowd
who are trying to keep you out.
Yes, windows are a common means of
ingress, with the traveler pushing his luggage ahead of him and then trying to
match the right entrance with his own
person. As the train comes to a halt the
cars really begin to fill to overflowing; the
ones already inside resist further encroachments. There then follows a lot of jostling-for the most part, of a goodnatured kind. The one who has been
16
17
18
Travel by Bus
There is no telling exactly what will
happen on a trip. Every place we go there
are different things to see and experience.
In south India we travel a lot by bus. The
roads twist and wind over the hills. Invariably someone in the front gets sick in
the stomach, and with no windows you
can imagine the effect on the passengers
in the back! Traveling in the south, you
will see some of the most beautiful country in India. The rice fields seem to be
constantly green, surrounded most of the
time by coconut palms waving like gorgeous plumes in the air. In the hills you
will go through tea and rubber plantations
that are well cared for.
~our ~riena6
19
20
AWAKE!
The junta has lost no time in drastically overhauling the national church of
Greece, the Greek Orthodox Church. It
dismissed the twelve-member Assembly of
Bishops, the governing body of the church,
and appointed a new Assembly of Bishops
of its own choosing. The chaplain of the
king, Archimandrite (an ecclesiastic halfway between priest and bishop) Kolsonis,
has been named to replace eighty-sevenyear-old archbishop Chrysostomos as primate of the Greek Orthodox Church and
archbishop of Athens.i> Further, from
now on all recommendations for bishops
must include three names, one of which
will be picked by the government to occupy the office; this is an arrangement
such as Franco has and such as other rulers have had with the Roman Catholic
Church.
According to one of the leaders of the
junta : "There were many things \VTOng
in the Church. They were fighting all the
time." Among the lesser things that might
be said to have been wrong with it were
its educational standards. Only some onethird of the priests had more than a grammar school education and 60 percent of the
rest were dropouts from grammar school.
There were 1,077 vacancies, and the
church was pressing the government to
lower the standards so as to get more
priests. At the same time many of the
Readers ot this journal w111 remember Archbishop
Chrysostomos as the one who, by threatening violence,
pressured the Greek government to forbld Jehovah's
witnesses to use an Athens stadium for their Aroundthe-World Assembly in 1963.
AUGUST 8, 1961
But even more serious were the scandals that came to light from time to time
as to the improper conduct of prelates,
even as noted in Tirne magazine, December 3, 1965. Thus in 1964 the bishop of
Drama was deposed because of having
committed adultery with his housemaid.
Two years before that the new archbishop
of Athens was forced to resign shortly
after his election to that office, upon his
being exposed as a homosexual.
But most distressing of all to many persons in Greece was the scandal caused by
the very bishops of the church as a group
because of their money hunger, calling
to mind the Pharisees of Jesus' day. (Luke
16:14) The law of the land required that
a bishop must remain in the diocese to
which he was ordained for the rest of his
life. For the longest time the bishops have
chafed under this law because it meant
that no bishop could move up from a less
to a more lucrative bishopric. Bishops
draw an average salary of $4,000 tax free,
have a fi ne residence and are able to import an automobile duty free. They also
collect 3 percent of all income from wed~
dings, christepjngs and funerals as well
as $1.33 for every marriage certificate,
every divorce decree and celibacy certificate (a paper that shows that a person is
not married) issued in their diocese. Of
course, the more populous the diocese the
greater the income. Thus the archbishop
of Athens is reported to have an annual in
come of $70,000.
For some years the bishops of the Greek
Orthodox Church have been agitating to
have the law changed and, in expectation
of such a change, the ruling body of the
21
Assembly of Bishops failed to fill the vacancies of the more lucrative bishoprics,
hoping to be able to assign these to themselves when the law was changed. In October 1965 Premier Stephanopoulos authorized transfers in two of the seventeen
vacant bishoprics. Then, without waiting
for Parliament to approve of this departure from the rule, the Assembly of Bishops met in Athens to choose bishops for
all seventeen vacancies. When one bishop
called this to the attention of the government, the Council of State gave orders
for the bishops to stop filling the vacancies, at the same time sending 700 policemen to see that the order was obeyed by
keeping the bishops out of the church
where they had been carrying on theil'
balloting. However, the majority of the
bishops merely moved to another church
building and continued their illegal balloting for these lucrative bishoprics. Crowds
turned out to jeer them, one voice shouting, "Christ-traders; you want gold, not
God!"
Premier Stephanopoulos o1dered them
to stop, but they ignored him. Then the
l~ing signed a decree terminating the Assembly, but one bishop tore it off the Synod gate. The Assembly of Bishops even
ignored a w arning from the Ministry of
,Justice that they were committing a crime
to continue illegaJiy to make transfers of
bishop offices and kept doing so, sending
one bishop after another to new lucrative
positions. When the government threat.ened to tal<e further drastic action, the
bishops threatened retaliation.
The congregations themselves to which
PfldrJjt'tiaiU, 11flwa'tfl
J;ll In 1966 more than 286,800 pedestrians in the United States became
casualties. Forty percent of the total deaths occurred on weekends,
and four out of five personal-injury accidents occurred in clear weather
on dry roads. Almost 32 percent of the drivers involved in fatal acci
dents were nnder twenty-five years of age.
22
AWAKE!
A UGUBT 8, 1967
Efforts to Escape
Having worked at the store for seventeen years, I knew of the emergency doors
opening to the stairs situated at the two
extremities of the central building. We descended on the north side toward the third
floor. A black, blinding, suffocating, swirling smoke engulfed our stairway. It was
on this floor, at the cafeteria, that a great
number collapsed over their plates, asphyxiated by fumes, although the fire itself was not as yet visible.
Swrounded by cries, foreboding creaks
and cracks, we rushed ahead into the
cloud. We saw nothing but a terrifying
tidal wave of flames and toxic smoke.
On the second floor of L'Innovation, the
camping department, stocked with bottles
of butane gas, was burning like a torch.
We went back to the third floor and ran
through an arl'ay of lighting appliances.
At that moment, while we were under the
hanging chandeliers, the lights went out'.
The flames followed and encircled us, getting closer and closer. Then the glass roof
shattered with a mighty crash. The cavernous central hall, open to the sky, became the giant chimney of a volcanic fire.
The rumbling of the fiexy furnace was
punctuated by explosions, probably from
gas containers in the camping department.
We next burst through a locked door
and went up to the fourth floor, on the side
of rue Neuve. We endeavored to reach the
windows. We broke one and then found
ourselves up against the modern frontage
of aluminum sheets applied to the ancient
frontage, obstructing the view. Exhausted,
but helped by my companion, we hoisted
ourselves onto the ledge, slid along the
roof, jumped from one terrace to another
23
.AWAKE!
Ridiculous Reasoning
People who lack an understanding of Bible principles more often than not will
seek to excuse their wrong course of conduct. In regard to stealing, they will usually
resort to specious reasoning in order to justify what they have done or to soothe
their consciences. Although they may know it is wrong to steal and that it is a
violation of God's commandment regarding it, the excuses given are sometimes
ridiculous. An example of this can be seen in an interview with a TV star in which
she made the following confession: "What a thief I was," she said blithely. "I knew
it was a crime to steal, but I figured God would rather I slept in sheets than no
sheets, so I discussed it with God and took the sheets." But who did all the talking
in that 'discussion' ? Did she listen to what God said in his Word? "You must not
steal."- Ex. 20:15.
AUGUST 8, 1967
25
26
1l
~
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LTHOUGH the United States population rose only 10 percent from 1958
to 1964, violent crimes such as murder,
forcible rape and armed robbery went up
40 percent, and crimes against property
soared 61 percent. But especially shocking is the increase of crimes committed
by youths-48 percent of all persons arrested for serious offenses in the United
States in 1964 were undet eighteen years
of age! The problem, however, is not limited to the United States; it is world wide.
Youths even from respectable homes
commonly are "disobedient to parents."
(2 Tim. 3:1, 2) These, too, frequently succumb to the pervading climate of disrespect and lawlessness and turn delinquent.
What can be done to counteract this bad
influence?
Proper guidance and instruction are vital. To find out who is responsible to provide this, please turn in yow own co~y
of the Bible to Deuteronomy chapter s1x,
verses five through seven. If yours is the
Authorized or K i ng James Version, you
wiU find that the wise admonition directed
lo parents is worded in this way: "Thou
shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine
heart, and with all thy soul, and with all
thy might. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine
heart: And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk
of them when thou sittest in thine house,
and when thou walkest by the way, and
AUGUST 8, 196"1
28
J erusalem Today
~ In the blitz war last June
Israeli forces took the Old
City of J erusalem. In blitz
fashion they moved bulldozers
in and leveled the walls that
for nineteen years separated
the ancient sector from Israeli
Jerusalem. The way has been
opened for hundreds of thou
sands of people to visit old
religious shrines. In one day
an estimated 200,000 Jews
went to the Walling Wall to
pray. There was talk of mak
ing J erusalem an "open city"
with free entry for everyone.
But Israeli officials were not
anxious to have United Nations
personnel In the area. Said
Brig. Gen. Chalm Herzog, mili
tary governor over this occupied atea : "We don't want the
United Nations here. My view
Is that the United Nations has
been a divisive force, not a
unifying on e." Before the Arab
Israeli war, Israel took In
about $60,000,000 in foreign
currency annually from 300,
000 tourists. With the added
attractions since the war,
Israeli officials expect tourist
revenue to go up an additional
$20,000,000 a year.
African Air Bnse
~ Wheelus Air Base in Libya
was in operation before the
North Atlantic Treaty Organi
zation was formed. It is the
last United States air base in
Africa. On June 15 the Libyan
government asked the United
States and Britain to close
dow n all bases in the coun try,
"at the earliest possible mo
ment." The agreement govern
ing the use of Wheelus had
been due to run until 1971.
Some see the move as an after
math of the Arab-Israeli war.
Gononhea Scourge
~ The dr eaded disease, once
thought under contr ol in
America, is back on the ram
page. It is most prevalent
among the yoWtg. I n Oregon
the rate has soared to almost
five times that of twenty years
ago. Among teen-agers, the
29
of the Ame1'ican
Association reports
30
AWAKE!
"All Scripture Is
Inspired of God
Copter-Vulture Co!Usion
~ Recently a vulture collided
with a Pakistani helicopter
near Faridpur, causing a crash
that killed twenty-three per
sons. An eyewitness said the
vulture hit the helicopter's
rotor blades, snapping one off.
and Beneficial''
WATCHTOWER
Please send me the valua ble book of Bible information "All Scr-ipture I s l 11spired of CkJd and
Beneficiat!'
am enclosing $1.
Name ......................................................................................
City ........................................................................................
AUGUST 8, 1967
31
"Things in Which It Is
Impossible for God to Lie"
This fine book of 416 pages dlrect'i you to God's Word, the Bible,
where the Jlfe-givini light of God's puxpose Is revealed. It is hard
bound, with a green, gold-embossed cover, Jllustrations and complete Scripture Index. Postpaid, 50c.
WATCHTOWER
I am enclosing 50c. Please send me the revealing study ol the light or God's purpose, "Things
in Which It Is Impossible /OT God to Lie." For mallin_g the . coupon I a1n to receive tree the
timely Bible-study booklet When AU Nationa U11ite Under God's Kitlgdom.
32
AWAKE!
A U G U ST 22. 1967
-2 I
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--
PuaLISHD S&MlMON'l'HLY BY
4,550,000
substtlottoo 1o1tes
Onl<to
tor semimonthly <di llo n\~
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St
C.tnado, l~O Bridgdand Ave., Xorento l D, Onl
S.l
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1/H
7 5c
Semirnonlhly-Atri~:~aos.
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Th Bl91c lran!l>llon r<tlarly escd In " Awalt!'' h lho Hw 1\'0tld Traoslallon of tho Holy Serlptert!, 1961 c~ilion.
When other t~nsiMion! are usd, this I! clearly m~r1< ed.
,, . -
11-..o.l - t iii-
JM-
CONTENTS
What Are Your Children Doing?
In What Kind of Order Would You
Like to Live?
Assembly Time in Malawi
Traveling While at Home
"P roof That There Is Liberty"
Will Such Liberty Ever Come to Spain?
Patient Endura nce Yields
Righteous Fruitage
3
5
9
12
13
15
16
17
21
25
26
26
27
29
i r~: .
doing?
~~
HEREVER you go in the larger cities and towns you are almost sure
to encounter evidences of vandalism, damage and defacement of public and private
property. Who are the major offenders?
Youths and children. But whose children?
If you are a parent, how sure are you that
your children are not among the vandals?
Right now, do you know what your children are doing?
Faced as we are with steadily worsening
conditions in all lands, this is surely no
time for parents to Jose track of the
whereabouts and the doings of their
youngsters. Unsupervised juveniles are
responsible for a great deal of lawlessness.
Nor are their actions limited to vandalism.
Tragic fires have been star ted by little
children. And sadistic cruelties have been
practiced by them. A considerable percentage of fatal accidents on the highways are traceable to teen-age folly.
Pointing up the vital responsibility of
AUGUST
2~,
196":
Number 16
than that? Do you know what they are in the ability of young people to stay out
of trouble.
doing with their time?
Many are the parents who are conscious
Parents who live tn a good neighborhood may treat the matter of child super- of the need to protect their children from
vision lightly because they feel that chil- others, and this is commendable. But it is
dren who are well fed and clothed and only part of their responsibility. As ausupplied with spending money have no thor Henry G. Felsen rightly says in his
reason for delinquent behavior. However, booklet UndeTstanding Our Teen-Agers:
a well-known sociol"As parents, we have
ogist is reported in
a dual responsibility
IN THE NEXT ISSUE
with regard to our
the U.S. News &
T HE P O PULAT ION CRIS IS
World Report, April
children. We are re26, 1965, as saying:
sponsible for protectFa mine: " The Dre a ded Tomorrow
ing them from harm,
Already Has Dawned."
"Delinquency seems
and
we are also
to be rising in the
The Future: Disa ster or Prosperity?
responsible for prosuburban areas, and
the causes for it, we
tecting the comthink, are basically the same that you munity from them ."
find in the slum areas." And what are
Only when their children are caught in
those causes? Lack of parental supervision some delinquent act do some parents realize that they have a child who is a bully,
is the outstanding one.
or
a vandal or a speedster on the highway.
It is often too late when some parents
In
fact, their own children are measurably
awaken to the full sense of their responsibility. Consider, for example, this head- strangers to them, persons they see briefly
line that appeared in the New York T imes at mealtimes or other special occasions.
of April 7, 1967: ''Parents Win $130,000 The rude awakening comes because they
in Car Crash Fatal to Son." The circum- did not constantly inquire, "What are my
stances of this case are worthy of special children doing?"
notice. The dead youth had been a pasHow beneficial, then, for parents to exsenger in a car driven by his school chum, amine their actual relationship with their
the car belonging to his chum's father. children. Is fond indulgence substituted
The driver of the other car having been for firm leadership? Is permissiveness the
absolved of responsibility, the bereaved rule, rather than accountability? Godly
parents sued the churn and his father.
parents will heed the Bible's counsel at
In one family they were mourning a Proverbs 13:24: "The one holding back
son, while the other family faced finan- his rod is hating his son, but the one lovcial ruin. Did the parents act in the best ing him is he that does look for him with
interest of their family by letting their discipline." The 'rod of discipline' may not
boy have the l<eys of the car? Did they always be the literal rod, but surely it
really know their own boy, or just think should involve that proper degree of suthey did? Did the parents know where pervision that demonstrates genuine love
the boys were going with the car? Did for the child, that guards the child from
they bother to check on the associations bad associations and bad conduct. "What
of their children? Too often the decisions is my child doing?" is a matter of conare left to the immature judgment of stant concern on the part of the loving
youth, and too much confidence is placed parent.
4
A. WAKE!
rder
t ~
a. 4:1
-~~
Today much unhappiness and frustration exist because of unemployment. Humans require satisfying work to be truly
happy. Jehovah God realizes this, and,
therefore, he has always provided rewarding work for his people. The joy-yielding
work of making disciples of people of all
nations and of building up the Christian
AUGUST 22, 1967
organization will be extended soon to include a literal building progran1. The prophetic promise is: "They will certainly
build houses and have occupancy; and they
will certainly plant vineyards and eat their
fruitage .... the work of their own hands
my chosen ones will use to the full. They
will not toil for nothing."-Isa. 65:21-23.
Yet there are still other vital essentials
that need fulfilling in order for everyone
to be truly happy. For even if all the above
blessings were enjoyed, would it be an altogether desirable system in which to live
if personal freedoms were squelched by a
totalitarian ruler? Note, therefore, the
next essential.
"FIFTH, IT WOULD BE A WORLD IN WHICH
EVERY MAN WOULD ENJOY FREEDOM UNDER
LAW, WITH JUSTICE FOR ALL."
Such an arrangement there will be under the rule of God's chosen king, Jesus
Christ. Christ will copy the example of his
Father, who "treats none with partiality
nor accepts a bribe." (Deut. 10:17; Rom.
2:11) Therefore, all will have opportunity
to develop their talents to the full. God
through Christ will answer the request
made to Him concerning the king: "May
he plead the cause of your people with
righteousness and of your afflicted ones
with judicial decision. Let him judge the
afflicted ones of the people, let him save
the sons of the poor one."-Ps. 72:2, 4.
Man was created to be happy and enjoy
life. And while satisfying work is necessary, so also is rest from one's daily work.
Certainly, then, we can all agree that the
following is also an important essential.
A W'AKE!
ASSEMBLY TIME
1n
Here in Malawi we build our own meeting place, so why not join me in seeing the
preparations for an assembly?
Selecting Assembl y Site
Selecting a suitable assembly site is not
always easy. We may find a spacious,
beautiful place and feel that everything is
just right. We have enough ground, the
place is near to the main road and not far
from the railway station-things that are
important to consider at this stage. Suddenly, however, something comes to mind.
Water! The fact that there are only a few
houses in the vicinity mal<es one wonder
if it could be the water situation that is
keeping people away from this beautiful
area.
uzilcomo Bambo" ("Excuse me, Sir," in
Cinyanja, the local tongue), I say to a
man coming out from his thatched-roof
hut, "where is the nearest water hole or
stream with some good drinking water?"
upepani ("I am sorry"), but it is a long
way from here. Can you see those blue
gum (eucalyptus) trees over there in the
9
distance? Just behind them there is a gether. There are some bamboo seats on
each side of the table. Wbile enjoying our
lovely stream."
If t hat happens, we can no longer con- evening meal, we are entertained by a musider the place for an assembly site be- sic festival provided by the birds in the
cause there is no water available within a trees, singing their evening songs and fillreasonable distance. But for the assem- ing the ~ir with their soft melodies, and
bly now drawing near we have at last the gentle breezes r~fresh one's tired body.
"The first thing we have to do is to cut
found a suitable site. Yet, if you could see
it two months ahead, you would no doubt 25,000 bundles of grass," the one in charge
say: "But where is the assembly going of the work tells us the following morning.
"It will take us at least four weeks to do
to be?"
It is all "bush," long grass head high, that. Some of you have been assigned to
big stones, rocks and trees. This is where cut grass, others to tie it in bundles and
we are going to have our assembly, and others again to carry it out to the main
road. From there it will be brought here
it is going to involve a lot of work.
by truck and stacked in various places, as
a precaution against fire."
?reassembly Work Begins
Early in the morning we are at the site
Af ter having completed the grass cutready to start work. More than fifty of ting, which took us four weeks, we are
us are here with the same thought in taken to a place fifteen miles from the
mind: Our assembly is only eight weeks assembly site to start cutting bamboos.
off. Looking out over the bushy and stony "We will need approximately 6,000 bamarea, we are comforted to know that there boos for the construction of assembly dewill be hundreds of our Christian brothers partments, the platform, a cycle park, a
coming to give us their voluntary help sunshade for the assembly arena, and
each weekend.
seats for 6,000 people," we are told.
From early in the morning to sunset we
Now to the work! Our first task is to
build some sleeping houses. This very cut bamboos. We al'e happy because alplace will be our home for the next two ready with our eyes of imagination we
months. So off we go to cut enough grass, can see 6,000 seats in the assembly arena.
bamboos and a few trees. That is all we Some of the women Witnesses are preparneed in the way of building materials. It ing a meal for us right there in the bamis true that we use a few nails, but for boo field. They had to carry water in big
the most part we use "luzi," a natural buckets on their heads for over a mile and
"homemade" string, as a substitute for at least two of them had babies on their
nails. This "luzi" is taken from the inner backs. We certainly appreciate the meal
bark of the "mambo" tree mostly and is they prepare, enjoying it under an open
very strong.
sky.
Wben the sun sets, our houses are not
We cut and carry out about 1,000 bamready, but we have sufficient shelter for boos a day, which means that in a week's
the night. Before we retire we enjoy some time we have enough bamboos to meet
good food in an improvised dining room our needs. Since some 600 trees are needed
made earlier during the day. This dining mainly for the construction of the sunroom has a grass roof supported by some shade, the meeting place and the sleeping
bamboos, a long table, also of bamboos, houses, we also cut them and have them
with the top made of grass tightly tied to- transported to the assembly site. Some
10
AWAKE!
11
/~=":..If
t-; "\'Ill...-
T 1-fl
1~="
.; We seldom think, perhaps, about the great amount of traveling we do, even
while we are at home; for the earth, our home, is in orbit, revolving rapidly around
the sun. As it so orbits, the earth is about 93,000,000 mlles away from the sun.
This may seem like a great distance; but the earth travels that far around the sun
in about 60 days! Revolving around the sun at an average of 18 1/ 2 miles a second,
66,600 miles an hour, or about 1,600,000 miles a day, the earth completes its orbit
around the sun after traveling about 595,000,000 miles a year. A person a hundred
years old would have traveled with the earth nearly 60,000,000,000 miles !
12
AWAKE!
the revolution of March 1964, the revolutionary government decreed the cancellation of th e political rights of a number
of persons prominent in Brazilian politics
to remove from power men that were considered corrupt or dangerous to national
security, but this was not the case with
Jehovah's witnesses, who are recognized
as being peaceful, upright and in favor
of order, being obedient to the laws and
the constituted authorities. Some misinformed newsmen wrote sensational reports
when they read the presidential decree
canceling t he political rights of Jehovah's
witnesses who were granted exemption
from performing military service. Nevertheless, in high military circles the position of Jehovah's witnesses was well understood and no animosity was shown
toward them for requesting such exemption because of religious convictions.
There were needed, however, better established instructions and procedures on the
handling of the requests. The military authorities studied ways of doing this.
On his ascension to the presidency, Marshal Arthur da Costa e Silva well knew
the position of Jehovah's witnesses, for
he had served as minister of the army
in the previous government. Now the authorities showed a desire to formulate a
Exempt Because of Religious Convict ions procedure for the processing and solution
Before Marshal Costa e Silva assumed of the cases of Brazilian citizens seeking
power on March 15, 1967, Marshal Cas- exemption from military service because
of their religious convictions. Thus the
telo Branco governed Brazil, and his adconstitutional right to religious liberty
ministration had already recognized the would be strengthened and clarified. So,
right of Jehovah's witnesses to exemption in Decree No. 56, on June 8, 1967, the
from performing military service because present minister of the army, General
of religious convictions, and even before Aurelio de Lyra Tavares, set out instructhat this exemption was given, but the t ions to the Directory of Military Serprocedure was not well clarified. After vice for granting claims for exempt ion
AUGUST 22, 1961
13
14
15
ATit' T
w;t.jJ)lJ
\N
EHOV AH GOD has set the perfect example in exercising the qualities of patience
and endurance. And as his doing so has
resulted in some persons' repenting and taking up His service, so the exercise of these
qualities by Christians often has been similarly blessed. The following is an experience
illustrating this fact:
"It was in 1956 that my mother and I fir st
began to associate with Jehovah's witnesses.
I was nine years old and my brother was
just two. At this time our circuit minister
encouraged my mother to begin a regular
famlly Bible study. At first my father made
no objections, since he was working full time
and was home only in the eve.n ings.
"However, my mother soon began taking
us to all the congregation meetings. This
irritated my father, as he felt that this was
'too much relig ion.' About this time he began having problems, and thereafter could work
only part time.
"In 1958 my mother and I both symbolized
our dedication to Jehovah God by water bap.
tism. I was eleven years old at the time. This
really upset my father, because he realized how
seriously we took our religion. And while he
never caused us bodily harm, his constant
belittling of Jehovah and his people often made
it almost impossible to study the Bible at home.
So we went 'underground,' and never missed our
Bible studies.
"In 1960 both my mother and I took advantage
of the provision to share in the full-time ministry for a limited period (vacation pioneering),
and we found this to be a great source of
encouragement. Also encouraging to us through
these trying times, when father was giving us
such a hard time, was the love and consideration
shown by our Christian brothers in the congregation.
"In that year, 1960, we also derived upbuilding from attending the Peace-pursuing District Assembly. However, this irritated my
father so much that he broke some of our
furniture. He also threatened to burn down the
new Kingdom Hall that the Witnesses had
recently built. And causing him even greater
distress, my little brother, who was then five
years old, became a regular Kingdom proclaimer.
16
HT D
"During the last three years (1963 to 1966)
my father's mental condition became increasingly worse. But because of his attitude, there
was little that we could do to encourage him.
We had about given up hope that he would
ever change. In the m~antime, I became a
regular fu ll-time pioneer minister, In August of
1965.
"By the fall of 1966 my father's condition
worsened. My mother said: 'All we can do now
Is leave it in Jehovah's hands and wait on him.'
And that we did.
"During the first week in November 1966
father began listening to our new Kingdom
songs, and his attitude began changing. These
songs softened him and he began to cry. Then
he started reading the Watch Tower Bible
publications for the first time in ten years.
He got rid of his guns, and then things really
began happening- for the good!
"T hat first week in November we will never
forget. One evening father announced that he
was going to become part of our family unit
and share in all family activities. He even had
prayer offered at the table, which is something he had never done before in his life. That
same night he asked for a Bible study, and
we arranged for one to be held with him. To
top it off, he wanted to attend all the congregation meetings! In January he was present at the
Theocratic Ministry School to hear his son,
who is now twelve years old, give his first
fifth student talk. It was indeed a very special
occasion for us all!
"For the past two months father has been
attending all the congregation meetings, commenting at our congregation book study, answering at the Watchtowe1 study, and even
sharing in the house-to-house field ministry!
He recently attended his first circuit assembly
and was thrilled by t he program, and especially
by the loving consideration shown him by our
Christian brothers. As mother said : 'We are so
happy we do not know what to say except,
"Thank you, Jehovah, for helping us to patiently endure."
"While ten years may be a long time, because
of our present joy it seems almost as though
the troubles that we experienced never really
happened."
AWAKE!
Li
E
By "Awake!" correspondent in Canada
17
The classic example is that of the passenger pigeon. This bird once compr ised
an estimated 35 percent of the entire bird
population of North America. Here, indeed, was a most unlikely candidate for
extermination. It is difficult to imagine the
spectacle it presented along migration
routes of 150 years ago.
In the distance one could
hear the roaring like a gale
at sea. On the horizon appeared a dense cloud of
dark furor, advancing at
speeds approaching sixty
miles per hour, until the
air was filled with the din
of millions of beating wings.
The sun disappeared behind the wheeling, darting
mass of feathers. For hours
the uproar continued! Alexander Wilson, a
leading ornithologist of 1810, described
one flock that stretched for 240 miles and
was one mile wide. He estimated that it
contained over two thousand million birds,
lR
blinked with forlorn gaze from her perch moment of history required for man to
in the Cincinnati Zoologicc:l Gardens. Her deplete the "buffalo" appears just as
name was Martha. A rewmd of $1,000 was fleeting.
offered to find her a mate. No one collectAn estimated sixty million bison once
ed. On September 1, 1914, Martha died a trampled the Great Plains from Canada
spinster at the age of twenty-nine years. to Texas. This humped, thick-shouldered
The passenger pigeon \.Vas added to the beast provided the Plains Indians with
list of t he ext inct!
virtually everything needed for their existence. Indian hunts took a heavy toll, but
Persecuted Wildlife
it
was the coming of the railroad and proThe great auk, a penguin-like, flightless
fessional
hunters that really staggered the
bird, once decorated the barren ocean
bison.
An
unprecedented slaughter ensued.
rocks of northern Europe, Iceland, GreenOne
hunter
recorded a kill of 4,280 bison
land and Newfoundland. However,
just
twelve
months. His name was Wilin
it was long slaughtered indiscrimliam
Cody,
the
famed Buffalo Bill.
inately for its flesh, feathers and
oil. In early June, 1844, a pair
Railroads, in Canada and the Unitwaddled across a ledge into the
ed States, transported hides and
path of three waiting hunters, and
tongues, t he latter considered a delicacy, to eastern markets, leaving milthe last two great auks known to
man joined their forebears in
lions of carcasses to decompose on
oblivion. Another addition to
the plains. When the herds were
gone,
bleached bones were shipped
the extinction list.
GREAT AUK
The heath hen, a form of praieast to be ground for fertilizer. The
rie chicken, was industriously pursued for appalling sight of glistening bones scatearly American cuisine. Once plentiful, it tered everywhere so impressed the settlers
too was reduced to a point of no return. It that these bleak remains were incorporated
was last seen on March 11, 1932. All of in the naming of settlements. Regina, prothese extinct birds were once considered vincial capital of Saskatchewan, had the
too plentiful ever to vanish. This miscon- inglorious title of "Pile-0 -Bones" until the
ception of inexhaustible wildlife also re- 1880's.
sulted in a change of scenery in the CanaPublic sympathy toward the bison finaldian and American vVe.st.
ly spurred attempts to save it from being
added to the growing list of extinct aniBison to Bones
It is early fall on the western Canadian mals. Although now gone from the wild
plains. Below our vantage point an unbe- state, the animals are faring well in parks
lievable panorama unfolds on the vast and zoos, where they continue to delight
windswept prairie of southern Saskatche- visitors. But as one returns the blank
wan. As far as the eye discerns, the entire stare of this shaggy, sullen beast, one canplain is a sea of bison in the
not help imagining a note
most breathtaking seasonal migration
of nostalgia for bygone
among land animals! Shading our
days, the days before
eyes from the dazzling sun, we blink
Mr. Bison almost became
a moment; the vision vanishes, and
a stuffed curiosity in the
in its place are fields of golden grain,
museum of extinct aniwhere a million bison once roamed
mals and birds.
the grasslands. In retrospect, the
AUGUST 22, 196'1
19
this may soon be impossible. It is estiAmong other creatures said to be mated that ovet 300,000 of these huge,
perched precariously on the verge of a n- graceful creatures have been slain during
nihilation are the grizzly bear, the Ameri- the past hundred years, 30,000 being the
can bald eagle and the marmot-like prai- known catch for a single year.
rie dog. E ven the pouch-billed pelican is
Says The World Book Science Annual~
reported to be losing ground, not slowly, 1966~ on this subject: "Sad to say, these
but very quickly. The sentimental favorite icy waters [of the Antarctic] may also be
in this struggle for survival is a majestic its graveyard, for it has been driven headbird that could well be t he next to vanish. long toward extinction-a victim of the
The whooping crane is the most statu- harpoon and the desire for profit. ... no
esque of North American birds. Stand- one has been able to give t he blue whale
ing over five feet tall, with a wing span complete sanctuary. And now the struggle
of seven feet, it is satin white with for survival may be hopeless." One authorblack wing tips. This noble bird migrates ity estimates that fewer th an 600 of the
a nnually between Texas and breeding great creatures remain.
"The demise of the dinosaurs," writes
grounds 2,500 miles north. Agricultural
drainage drove the c1ane farther north to international conservationist Noel Simon,
find suitable terrain beyond human haunts. "remains veiled in mystery a nd surmise,
Following a nesting in Saskatchewan in but t here is no need to speculate on the
1922, location of its nursery remained a disappearance of the blue whale; the ramystery of the wilderness for over thirty paciousness of man is wholly responsible."
years until a Ca nadian helicopter pilot Selfish man has been aptly described as
made a supply trip to a bush fire in Wood "the most dangerous predator," and his
Buffalo Na tional Par k. This ideal sanc- treatment of God's animal creation detuary spans the lake-and-muskeg border scribed by expressions such as "unrestrictbetween Alberta and Canada's Northwest ed slaughter" and "continued plunder."
Territories. In spite of conservation sanc- According to a recent issue of The Canatuaries and legal protection, natural- dian, almost 1,000 species of wildlife are
ists remain concerned that agricultural now on the danger list. How much longer
chemicals or a few careless hunters could will the list of the extinct creatures bedestroy the fewer than fi fty survivors and come?
Selfish challengers of God's beneficent
relegate this splendid creature to the
ruJe of all his creatures take delight, as
lengthening list of extinct ones.
Earth's largest living creature may soon did Nimrod of old, in defacing man's
earthly home by senseless slaughter of
be added to the sorrowful list. The blue
living creatures. (Gen. 10:8, 9) The Suwhale is known to attain a length of a preme Sovereign of all the universe will
hundred feet, and its organs alone are not permit this condition to continue inhuge, the heart weighing almost half a definitely. In fact, he has declared his purton and the liver almost a ton. How thrill- pose shortly to "bring to ruin those ruining it would be to see this massive crea- ing the earth." (Rev. 11:17, 18) Thus the
ture gliding effortlessly through the wa- wanton slaughterers of wildlife themselves
ters of the sout hern hemisphere! But alas! will become extinct.
The Next l oGo?
20
AW AKE!
yea.
Water is one of the most interesting
of all the chemical compounds, being
a mixture of two gases that combine
to form, not another gas, but a liquid.
This, in turn, can be solidified and used
as ice or heated into steam, acquiring
even more interesting properties. The
formula for water was proved when
the two gases hydrogen and oxygen
were exploded by an electrical current.
The result was water, and an amazing
property of water was thus discovered.
When two of the most volatile gases
known are exploded together, the result is, not a tire, but water, the substance used to put fires out!
There is a definite chemical relationship between the two gases when combining to for m water. From the viewpoint of their relative weights, it takes
one part by weight of hydrogen to combine with exactly eight parts by weight
of oxygen. Oxygen is a much heavier
element t han hydrogen, so, from the
viewpoint of the volumes of
the gases instead of their
21
weights, it takes two volumes of hydro Waste products begin to accumulate in the
gen to combine with one volume of oxygen tissues. If water is not obtained soon
to get, not three, but two volumes of wa enough, the functions of the body eventer vapor. This is because the 2H combine tually stop and death results. It is thought
with 0 to form a molecule of H 2 0. And that one cannot live if he loses about 20
how large is this molecule? It takes about percent of the water in his body.
a trillion trillion of them to make an ounce
of water.
Water and Good Health
If we are to stay alive, we must have
The Universal Solvent
water, and that almost daily. It bas been
One of the most important properties of observed that some animals can live as
water is its power to dissolve a great va- long as three months and sometimes more
eiety of different compounds. There is no without food, but they will die in five to
liquid on earth that can surpass water for ten days when they cannot get water.
it<> practical solvent qualities. With good
How much water is necessary for good
reason it has been called the "universal health? That depends on physical condisolvent."
tion, weight, age and other factors. Under
Especially is water a vital solvent for ordinary conditions the adult human body
living t hings. Since all the different sub- loses about fifty fluid ounces of water a
stances that comprise protoplasm (the es day. Of this about twenty ow1ces is lost
sential substance of both the cell body and through the skin as perspiration, another
lhe cell nucleus) are either soluble in wa- thirteen ounces in the air exhaled through
ter or can be suspended in it, water is an the lungs, and the balance, about sevenessential means of transporting nutrients teen ounces, in the urine. Naturally this
to the cells and of carrying away the varies with each individual. For good
waste products. Every organic process oc- health this lost water must be replaced
curs in a watery medium; for example, daily. Not all need be taken as fluids;
respiration and digestion. Blood really is some is obtained in the food we eat. Fruits
composed of about 90 percent water. A and vegetables contain from 80 percent to
large volume of blood is necessary at all 90 percent water, and milk about 87 pertimes to carry oxygen to the tissues and cent. In the normal diet we can expect to
to carry away waste products. Adequate take in from one and a half to two pints
water must be maintained in the body tis- of water a day, including the water that
sues as well. For example, adult muscle is is present in food and that which is
from 80 to 90 percent water. All tissues formed by the body in the oxidation of
food. How does the body make water by
contain water in their protoplasm. In oxidation?
tel"ms of total body weight, water makes
It has been observed that when one
up over two-thirds of the human body.
molecule of glucose is oxidized in digesWhat happens when one does not get tion, six molecules of water are produced.
enough water? The water content in the Where did the water come from? From
tissues lowers and the blood becomes more inside the glucose molecule, which has
concentrated. This means that the blood many hydrogen and oxygen atoms in its
cannot circulate as freely, and its oxygen- structure. When that molecule is broken
carrying capacity is reduced. The tissues up by the influence of gastric juices and
do not receive the oxygen they need. enzymes, other products are produced, and
22
AWAKE!
23
AWAKE!
~2,
1961
25
Pa"ke Variance
A recent survey report issued by the American Medical Association
sh ows that the price of a specific drug can vary between drugstores
as much as 1,200 percent. The price range for every drug studied varied
by more than 100 percent.
26
AWAKE!
gards the human skull there is no difference between the male and the female
until the time of puberty; but then as
adulthood is reached the difference becomes more and more apparent. The female skull is lighter and its cranial capacity is about 10 percent smaller than
that of the male, even as is the rest of
the anatomy. The contour of the female
skull is also more rounded and the facial
bones are smoother. Apparently, with the
lines of beauty goes less rugged strength .
True. mere brain size in itself is not
as important as brain quality, but where
the quality is t he same the larger brain
size has an advantage. Thus Science News,
April 1, 1967, told of twenty African children who were so extremely undernourished in the first few years of their lives
that "head circumferences . . . averaged
an inch less than the others, indicating
smaller brain." And over the years all
these were found to have verbal, mathematical and perceptual capabili ties far below those of other children. Implicit in
these findings is that man is advantaged
by a greater brain size.
That it is in the best interests of both
sexes for man to take the lead is also supported by psychological evidence. One of
New York city's leading psychiatrist<; and
psychoanalysts, Dr. Marie N. Robinson, in
one of her books, which deals with certain frustrations of married women, skillfully demonstrates by case histories that
many of these particular frustrations can
be ended if women will but recognize the
fact that the way their bodies are made
gives evidence that it is intended for man
to be the head. As she expresses it, women
must learn the art of "eternal acquiescence" and "deep altruism" in dealing with
their husbands if they want to find happiness.
The children also stand lo benefit when
the Scl'iptural principles governing the
'1.7
28
1\.ise or Lawlessness
~ Dl srespect for law a nd
order was prophesied for our
day, an d New Yorkers can
testify to the truthfulness of
the Bible account. Iron bars
on house doors, protective
gates on storefronts and heavily screened windows have
become standard equipment in
the Brownsville section of
Brooklyn. "Look up and down
this avenue and you'll see more
gates than you will see In any
Homose:\:uals "Married''
Two mal e homosexuals
were secretly "married" by a
Roman Catholic priest in Rotterdam. The "couple" had asked
for a mass to be said to confirm their relationship. During
the mass, held in private and
attended by the families of
both men, the "couple" exchanged rings. The Catholic
priest explained, on July 5. that
homosexuals "are among the
faithful to be helped." The
~9
Church in Decay
A Not-So-Quiet Revolution
30
.1\Iarria.ge P roblems
~ In Honduras a marriage is
not considered va.lid unless it
is performed before the civil
authority. In the spring of
this year Monsignor Hector
Enrique Santos, archbishop of
Honduras, requested the government to authorize the
priests to perform civil mar
riages prior to the religious
ceremonies. But the clergy
were reminded that Honduras
is a state separate from the
church. The Civil Code of
Honduras says that civil matri
mony may be celebrated only
by mayors or the chief of the
district and by no other authority. Though religious wed
dings have been performed
without the required civil mat-
:Employment Discrimination
AWAKE.
more
year.
t han
S4,000,000,000
Answering, he s a id: B y
"preaching the gospel without
compromise"; "by courageously r iddi ng ourselves of f eudal
titles, gestures and customs
t hat the world has long since
found to be dishonest; by r id
ding ourselves of pom p and
luxury in liturgy and life, in
dress and ornament" ; by providing "more freedom in the
church in all areas, especially
in theology by getting rid of
the imprimatur in theological
literature." "How m uch does
it take," he asked, "bef ore a
Cathol ic theologia n openly ad
m its that any particula r f a l
lible p ronouncemen t, like an
encyclical, or a papal address,
or a decree of the Holy Office ,
was a mistake? On e tries to
find a way out by means of
clever distinctions. When t hte
error is admitted it is often too
la.te for the world," Kw1g said.
"The church could win back
through tr uthfuln ess some of
Trott Titles
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WATCHTOWER
8 R 0 0 K L Y N, N . Y. 1 1 2 0 1
1 am encl os in g ....................
City
31
DISTANCE CONQUERING
~~~~ ~:t.~lt4
FILL A VITAl NEED
They bring you closer to others and
help you work out many problems
1 17 ADAMS ST.
P lease send me The Watchtower and Awake! (or one year. I am enclosing $2. For ma iling the
coupon I am to receive free the six timely book lets Healing of the Nations HIM! Drawn Near
Security During "Wa1 of the Great D ay oi Goa ti1A3 A lmip,hly,' When All Nations Unite Under
God's Kingdo~1 Wlwm God Is King m;er All the Earth, ' Peace Among Men of Good Will" or
Armageddon- hhicht and Goa's Way Is L olie.
..................................................................................... .
Nam~
Jn: AUSTRAL.IA address 11 Beresford Rd .. Stralhfield. N.S.W. ENGLAND: The Ridgeway, London N.W. 7.
CANADA: 150 Bridgeland Ave., Toronto 19, Ont. SO. AFR ICA : Private Bag 2, P.O. Ela ndsfonteln, Transvaal.
32
AWAKE!
SEPTEMBER 8, 1967
4,550,000
omus
$1
England, Watch Tower Bouse,
Tb! Ridgeway, Loodoo N.W. 7
7/B
Hw Zealand, 021 New North lid.. Auekland 1!.11'. 3
15c
Sooth Atrf01, Prlfl te Bag 2, P.O. ~laou.ruutln , '!'fl.
7vc
(t.1ont-ly emfons cod half tht ebtl rates. )
H11olttaaus for subs<.Tiptlor!ll sbould bo lkat to the olllee lr
our cowaLrY. Otherwise lend your remltta.ato to BrooklJin.
Noll.. of expiration is ~enl at ltvt to !.>.Itt!< IJe!oru
sub!tJlpUou tlp!res.
Th
81" translation ttgolarly uad In "Awabl" Is the New World Trantlatlon ef tke Hly ~rlptrrts, 1961 tdltlt n.
When otber lrat~slatlons art lied, thl$ I& <learty 11atlctd.
toJ-111!-1111 -1111 -.~~t-..,. _
l!ii_III _ID!
_ _
_ _
u - - - - . a l -11!1-
-'
CONTENTS
Wmld Population "Exploding"
2:3
24
The Future:
11
16
'27
in Latin America?'
19
29
Volume XLVIII
EF'ORE you finish reading this sentence, at least ten babies will have
been born throughout tl1e world. And, at
the end of your day, the world's population will have increased by nearly 200,000
persons!
For many, the birth of a child is a
welcomed event, bringing into the world
a life to love and cherish. For others,
bringing forth an additional life complicates an already difficult situation. And
on a global scale, today's fast-increasing
population frightens those who study it.
In this regard one authority said recently: "In 1950 many students of the
... situation concluded that a major world
catastrophe was in the making. Today
when we view the growth of world population in relation to what mank!nd is doing about the situation, that catastr(phe
appears a near-cer tainty."
Similar opinions are voiced by the overwhelming majority of those concerned
with population trends. New Zealand's
Southland Daily News reported : ''Unless
something is done to arrest the present
SEPTEMBER 8, 1.9G1
Number 17
SkyJ'ocketing G1owth
F rom the evidence gathered by those
concerned with the situation, it is clear
that the g rowth in world population in
our day is very different from the slow
increase of many centuries ago. What is
taking place today has been termed a
"population explosion." Some are calling
it a "population time bomb."
NeveT be{oTe in history have so many
people been added to the human family
each year. At present there is an annual
increase of about 70,000,000 births over
deaths. That is much larger than the total
population of France!
A look at the long-term population
trend reveals just how staggering the increase is. It took from the first century
to the seventeenth century before t he population of the world doubled from 250
million to 500 million. Then, in a little
over two hundred more years, in the
nineteenth century, the population doubled again, reaching about one thousand
million (1,000,000,000). But in only a
hundred more years, in the twentieth century, it once more doubled. And now?
At today's rate of growth the population
would double in just thirty-five years!
Another way to understand better the
magnitude of this explosion is to realize
that it took all human history up to the
year 1830 for the world's populat ion to
reach 1,000,000,000. However, the second
thousand million was added by 1930, in
only a hundred years. The th ird thousand
' 3,000,000,000
1,000,000~000
Flood
C E.
AWAKE!
the fertility rate has not decreased. Indeed, because of better care during pregnancy, the birthrate has increased in most
lands.
An example of this is the country of
Ceylon. In 1946 life expectancy at birth
in that land was forty-three years. But
in just one year that life expectancy increased to fifty-two years, a gain of nine
years! This was due primarily to the introduction of insecticides that practically
eliminated malaria, Ceylon's major disease
that was responsible for its high death
rate previously.
In other countries similar advances have
been made in the last half century, although perhaps not as quickly as that
made by Ceylon. Nor have the countries
that reduced their death rates been among
only the highly developed, richer nations
of t he world. In less developed lands governments have adopted disease prevention
methods established elsewhere and have
been able to reduce or even eradicate
many diseases that hitherto had taken a
high toll of lives.
The mass control of infectious disease
has produced a spectacular reduction in
the death rate among infants and children. It is one of the main reasons why
persons under twenty-five years of age
make up more than half the population
of most countries. This high percentage
of young persons feeds the population increase. Children that previously were cut
down in death due to disease now live
to marry and produce children of their
own.
Compounding the Problem
States alone. And automobiles are being tiftc advances, a panel of specialists said."
built faster than highways or parking
One of these specialists pointed to the
areas can comfortably and safely accom- most menacing aspect of the entire probmodate them, further adding to the lem. As the Tirnes relat ed: "Dr. A. Richard
frightful congestion and frustration al- Kassander, of Arizona University's Instiready existing.
tute for Atmospher ic P hysics, said: 'We're
That scientists are not optimistic about really kind of losing the race to grow
the future was noted in a seminar spon- food and increase water faster than the
sored by the American Institute of P hys- population grows.' "
ics. After the meetir1g, the following r~
This focuses attention on the most seport was issued in the New Yor k Times rious and most immediate of the probof March 15, 1966: "M:m appears to be lems : producing enough food to feed adelosing h is fight against drough t, famine quately the exploding human population
and air poJlution despite 'excitin g ~cien- of rarth.
''The dreaded
tomorrow
already has
dawned''
SEPTEMBER 8, 1961
'i
to a n impending
global food crisis
of potentially catac lysmic proportions....
"For, very simply, it is Dr. [Raymond] Ewell's thesis that the world
Is rapidly running
short of food; that,
since 1960 the percapita p roduction
of food in Asia,
Alrica and L atin America has been declining
by 1 o/o to 2o/o a year; that, if these trends
continue for the next 10-15 years, mass
starvation, on a scale never before experi
enced in the world's history, will inevitably
result. ...
"In India, Dr. Ewell told the committee, it
is upon us now."
In a normal year the Indian state of Bihar produces about 7.3 million tons of food
grains and is given about a million tons
more by the central government. But as
The events of the last two years have a result of the drought brought on by
confirmed these observations. The coun- the failure of the annual monsoon rains,
try of India now is experiencing its worst the crop this year is not expected to
famine in recent history, perhaps ever. exceed 2.8 million tons, perhaps less. Over
The New York Times of April 19, 1967, two million tons of grain may be shipped
declared in a headline: "Famine, Disease to Bihar by the central government of
and Drought Sweep Bihar State in India, India this year. However, while India as
Affecting 40 Million." An accompanying a whole will import about twelve million
article stated:
tons of grain this year for relief purposes,
only
about one-fifth of that can be given
"About 40 million of Bihar's 52 mUlion
Bihar, and it js not
to
famine-stricken
people have suffered to some degree since
the failure of last summer's monsoon set
enough. Why? Because the Indian govo!'l' the worst drought in memory. However,
ernment needs the rest to give to other
Government officials and private relief work
hunger areas throughout
ers agree that its worst effects are being felt
the
country.
only now. . . .
Due to the famine, the
"Villagers have begun to die, either from
starvation or from diseases they cannot overState of Bihar proclaimed
come in their weakened condition. . . .
a famine emergency, the
"In the most remote villages of the Gaya
first to be declared by any
and Monghyr districts, one can see the re
state government in India
suits: women so weal< they can hardly drag
for the twenty years it has
themselves out of their huts to greet visitors
and men with gaunt, haggard faces who
been an independent counbreak into tears and cry, 'Nothing in the
try.
stomach. Nothing in the stomach.' "
The dreaded catastrophe
After making a tour of some of the that has already dawned in
affected areas, a reporter for the Times India was also described
AWAKE/
Diminishing Stocks
However, while there is much concern,
the hard, cold facts reveal that the world's
reserve stock of food is shrinking. Since
1961 each year has seen a drop in the
world's supply of grain left at the end of
J.O
ThBl
FUTURE:
.
,l"
./I"a
SEPTEMBER 8, 196'1
-1-- ~
'
11
What Is at Fault?
However, if the earth itself is not at
fault, then what is?
Geochemist Harrison Brown of the California Instit ute of Technology stated :
"Here indeed is the great potential tragedy of our age! Our science and our technology have given us the power to create
a world in which virtually all people can
lead free and abundant lives. We have
the power to create a civilization as yet
undreamed of in its beauty and its accomplishments. Yet somehow we can't
seem to organize ourselves to use that
power effectively to solve mankind's basic
problems."
Note that key point: "We can't seem
to organize ourselves to use that power
effectively to solve mankind's basic problems."
What is clearly at fault, then, is the
systern of things that prevails on earth
today. The governmental, economic, social, racial and religious systems are not
cooperating together sufficiently to solve
mankind's problems. There is no central
control to distribute equally and unself-
12
SEPTEMBER 8, 1961
13
willing to enjoy the fruits of their labor. reads : "Seve1e Hunger Found in MississipYears ago India should have been helped pi." Tbe report said:
where it would have been the most effec"A team of doctors who recently returned
tive, in farming methods, modern implefrom Mississippi told Congress today that
ments, fertilizer factories and irrigation
they had found hunger approaching starva
tion and serious untreated diseases among
projects.
h undreds of Negro children there.... They
Part of India's dilemma stems from her
described the health of the poor children
colonial background. Under the colonial
there as 'pitiful,' 'alarming,' 'unbelievable"
and 'appalling.' ..
regime relatively little effort was made
"The doctors' re port continued: 'We do
to combat illiteracy among India's masses
not waul to quibble over words, but "malso they could eventually help themselves.
nutrition" is not quite what we found; the
Elsewhere, too, the colonial powers have
boys and girls we saw were hungry-weak.
had a poor record in the lands they prein pain, sick; their lives are being shortened
viously held in Asia, Africa and South
. . They are su1'ferlng from hunger and
rli!'e<Jse and directly or indirectly they are
America. As Professor Keyfitz stated:
dying from t hem-wh!ch is exactly what
"Western governments and electorates
"starvation" means.' .. .
sense t he tragic state of affairs, and at
" 'It is fantastic,' [one doctor] said, 'that
least vaguely feel responsible for t his afterthis should be so ln the wealthiest nation in
math of colonialism, and so we provide
the world-the wealthiest nation that ever
food and other kinds of aid. "
'vas.'''
Yes, the basic cause for India's dilemma
That the present system of things v<orld
and the world's dilemma is the controlling wide is not working for the good of all
system of things. It does not work for mankind, even a United States Senator
the benefit of all. It is simply not ar- acknowledged. Writing in Look of March
ranged to aid underdeveloped nations over7, 1967, he stated:
come their population and food problems.
Colossal Waste
The time, energy, money and resources
that are spent for constructive aid arc
dwarfed by the colossal expenditures devoted to implements of destruction.
The nations of this system of things
are spending fantastic amounts on weapons of war. The United States alone spent
about seventy thousand million dollars on
armaments last year, more than half her
annual budget! This colossal and tragic
waste of resources each year makes the
amounts spent on helping the hungry pale
into insignificance.
And even within the boundaries of
wealthy nations that are spending so much
on armaments, what do we find? A New
York Times headline of June 17, 1967,
ltl
"We are spending seven-tenths of one percent of our gross national product for food
and development assjstance. This is only one
sixth the cost of our military operations in
Vietnam [which is still only a part of total
armament costs]."
15
HAT does mankind need to solve the "I well know, 0 Jehovah, that to earthpopulation and food crisis? What is ling man his way does not belong. It does
needed is a central authority that can not belong to man who is walking even
marshal all the resources of the earth and to direct his step. Correct me, 0 Jehojustly and fairly use them for the benefit vah, however with judgment."--Jer. 10:
of all mankind, without wasting them in 23, 24.
Almighty God is going to do just that.
war, without individual and collective
greed making a shambles of such efforts. Not forever will He permit this system
Will t his ever be done? Without doubt to go its own destructive way. God has
the population and food crisis positively set a time limit for this system of things,
will be solved, and v1ithin this very gen- and that time limit is almost up. This
eration! But not by means of this p1esent system has had its opportunity to administer man's affairs, and it has failed to
t>ystem of things.
bring peace, blessings and prosperity. Soon
Thi.s System on the Way Out
God will call it to account and bring it
For nearly 6,000 years of human his- into judgment. He will execute his pertory, mankind, for the most part, has car- fectly righteous decisions in accordance
ried on in its own ways, outside the direc- with what individuals and organizations
tion of the Creator, J ehovah God. Rather have done to the earth.
than submitting to direction by God, man
What have men done to the soil, to
has rebelled and sought out his own paths one another and to the animal kingdom?
independently from his Maker. In all this Have they used earth's resowces for the
time God has wisely permitted man's ex- good of all? Or have they gone on in
periment in rebellion and independence. their own selfish, destructive way?
Today, we can clearly see the sad results
The record of history is that mankind
of man's independent thinking and activ- has made a monumental mess of governity. Proved beyond a doubt is what the ing this earth. Men have abused earth's
prophet Jeremiah was inspired to write: natural resources, they have worked for
16
AWAKEi
17
AWAKE.'
Do Not B e Misled
and hope on false remedies, focus them on
God's new system is the only and sure the only One who has the power and the
answer to the population and food crisis. will to solve the population and food crisis,
Do not be misled by high-sounding Jehovah God. As His Word encourages:
words, even well-intentioned promises, by "Hope in Jehovall rtnd keep his way, and
men in this system of things. The Al- he will PXalt you to take possession of
mighty God, Jehovah, says tha.t this sys- the earth. When the wicked ones are cut
tem and its leaders will utterly fail to off, you will see it. "-Ps. 37:34.
God's time for cutting off this wicked
solve mankind's grave problems. He tells
system
of things nears. His tin.1e for ushus that men alienated from God will become ever more deeply mired in their ering in his righteous new system t hus
problems, until God intervenes and rips a.lso nears. Tal{e advantage or the remaincontrol of earth's a.ffairs from them. ing time to learn about it so that you
can enjoy its benefits, so that you can
- Luke 21: 26-28.
So, instearl of focusing your attention live in the coming age of plenty.
Why
1
n
Latin America?
HE rank and ftle of baptized Catholics
in Latin America are more and more
falling into a state of apathy as regards
religion. For example, in Ecuador, officially dedicated in 1873 to the "Sacred Hearl
of Jesus" and in 1892 to the "Immaculate
Heart of Mary," t he attitude of the public
has undergone a remarkable change witllin the past few years. The Roman Catholic
Church has definitely lost much of its
influence over the lives of Ecuadorians.
In Peru, too, recent visitors noted that
the churches there are no longer the center of family Hfe. At the hours when mass
is being said, people will be grouped together watching television or off for a
day at the beach. The showmanship of
F>EPTEMBER 8, 1967
19
20
Catholic religion, so how can I understand another?" The youth are turning
to atheism and science as substitutes for
a religion they cannot respect. The mounting disrespect may be gauged by the increasing number of thefts from church
treasuries.
Seeking t he Exp l anati on
A variety of reasons are offered in ex-
21
tatives. Confessed priest Griffiths of Peru: ble distribution by Catholic agency .is min"The blame is ours, be it the Church or imal, and the prices asked are beyond
society. because we did not know how to the ability of the workingman to pay.
teach lhem." (La Prensa) Lima, Novem- And any Bibles that are distributed by
ber 15, 1958) And Carlos Oviedo Cavada, church agency have little effect, for there
bishop of Concepcion, Chile, admitc:;: is no serious effort to follow through and
''Many of the means we are using have offer aid to the people in getting an W1
continued to be inderstanding and in
effectual .i n reaching
applying the Bible
ARTICLES IN THE NEXT ISSUE
the people. We are
principles in their
C<!urt Asked tQ Saf eguard Pat ients.
conscious of our delives.
Strengthe ning Your Marriage Ties.
As it is, every
fects in our method
to Beware of Deception a net Fraud.
change
in church
of teaching doctrine,
The Sea People Q Polynesia.
especially as condogma and ritual 1ntroduced by the curcerns children and
youth. The defect in preaching that is so rent wave of ecumenism raises a host of
common in the Church, which has not embarrassing questions and complaints:
adapted itself to the mind of today; the de- Why is tllis change necessary? If the old
fect of a liturgy that is incomprehensible way was not right, why was it carried on
to the great mass of Catholics. All these for so long? Were the priests lying when
elements have been operating to the point they told us it was a sin to eat meat on
where many Catholics no longer live ac- Fridays? Is it possible they are telling still
cording to the pr1nciples of their faith, other lies? One woman says: "I am still
and finally become indifferent to it."-El a Catholic but I admit I haven't gone back
fltbr) Concepcion, October 9, 1966.
to church, because many things that were
However, it takes laymen to put their considered holy now have little :imporfinger on a basic cause for much of to- tance." Another says: "I'm not in agree
day's apathy. Journalist Alfonso Rumazo ment with the changes because sacred
Gonzalez writes : "The Bible being the tJ1ings should not be changed."
most celebrated book in history. it is little
The church faces a dilemma. No matter
lmown and studied among Catholics in
what it now does it meets '.Vith scathing
its most extensive volume, the 'Old Testament,' which constitutes about four fifths criticism. Gone are the days of submisof the whole. ... All of it, nevertheless, sive "children of the church." People are
will be of interest to the believer . .. This asking intelligent questions, questions the
great book, the sum of books, should not church can no longer satisfy or put off.
be lacking in any home, Christian Ol' not." And as the satisfying answers are not
-El Universal) Caracas, Venezuela, Jan- forthcoming, people turn away in disgust
uary 20, 1967.
and lapse into a deeper apathy.
People need an authoritative, changeless guide for all the exigencies of life, A S timulating Alternative
However, there is an alternative for
something that has not been supplied by
the religious "commands of men." (Matt. God-fearing people in Latin America and
15:9) Even now, when an era of wider throughout the world. There are ministers
education has forced the church to raise who are not at aJl indifferent to the Bible's
its prohibition against Bible reading, Bi- message, ministers who are busily engaged
22
...1.WAKE!
24
She can learn to tone down her weak features and highlight her good ones, letting
her clothes work for her instead of the
other way around. For example, if a woman's arms are large, she would avoid most
sleeveless garments, which emphasize
them. If her neck is short, she might want
to wear necklines that lengthen her neck;
high collars if her neck is long. Straight
skirts give a slenderizing appearance to
large hips, while gathers and pleats improve appearance if one is too slim. Particular attention must be given to lines:
vertical lines appear to slenderize, while
horizontal ones do not enhance the large
frame. Dark colors tend to have a slenderizing effect, while the lighter ones have
the opposite effect.
Good grooming usually centers around
little things. A woman who wears too
much jewelry or makeup or one who wears
curlers in her hair out of doors is not
well groomed. Also, a woman who wears
her clothes too tight, no matter how good
her figure, is never really well dressed.
Vital to good grooming is personal hygiene, and it mainly requires soap and
water. The most priceless pearls will not
offset a dirty sweater; nor will clean
clothes on a dirty body. Bitten or dirty
nails can be just as distasteful as rundown or unshined shoes. So cleanliness is
essential to good grooming.
Styles, on the other hand, vary almost
with each country. A prevalent custom
in one place might be taboo in another.
When one considers that clothes often reflect the moral climate of the times, some
styles speak poorly for this present generation. So local custom would not be the
final criterion for all. Especially is this
true of Christian women throughout the
world who refrain from wearing styles
that mirror the moral decay of the time.
They dress in a modest and dignified way
SEPTBJMBER 8, 1967
chasing items in colors that can be interchanged and worn together is a boon to
those with a limited budget. This is why
one must think of the entire wardrobe
as one shops.
Honesty with oneself is another must
in shopping. Something that looks good
on a mannequin may not necessarily look
good on the put'Chaser. That is why you
should never leave a store with somethin""
that does not fit well. A shoe that hurts
you on a carpeted floor in the store wiJl
play havoc with your feet on a hot pavement. And a hat t!hat looks better on a
saleslady than it does on you will probably end up, unused, in your closet. So,
unless you are satisfied with your prospective purchase in the store, leave it
there!
Some women spend much less on clothes
than others because they buy almost
everything on sale, knowing where and
when to shop for the best bargains. In
large cities, the same article can be $10
to $15 more in one store than in another.
It is usually best to shop around and
compare prices, avoiding spur-of-the-moment buying.
Knowing when to shop is also beneficial. Price reductions can usually be found
at the end of each season. Knowing when
to shop is one thing; having self-control
is another. It might be defined as the
ability to admire something in a window
or on a rack without fulfilling the urge
to buy. Can you do this? You will if you
shop fot your needs instead of your wants.
.:0
Care of Clothes
All the wise savings realized in purchasing wi11 soon be lost if the clothes
do not receive the proper care. This de-
AlVAKE!
SEPTEMBER 8. 19G7
27
28
"Famine--1975 !"
~
Closer Tics
~ Agreement to recognize
each other's baptism is the
latest effort at church unity
in the Netherlands. The Roman
Catholic Church and Dutch
Reformed Church represent the
major part of the population in
the Netherlands. Both have
accepted the procedure of
29
30
Drwlk Elephants
,., Once a year the elephants oi
Kruger National P ark in South
A!rica become dangerously
drunk. They eat the plumlike
fruit of the marula tree, which
they relish, and then drinl<
grea t quantities of water. The
fru it ferments in thei r stom
achs and fonns alcohol, caus
ing some of the elephants to
become uncontrollably drunk.
AbouL thirty have to be shot
by r angers every year because
t hey become too mean while
under the influence of alcohol.
Tests of their blood show a
very high alcoholic content.
Although most of them stagger
to a place where they can sleep
off their intoxication, they go
back to the marula trees f or
more fruit and another drunken spree. Like some humans.
Rat Damage
~ It has been estimated that
A'WAKE !
X-Ray Danger in TV
WATCHTOWER
I am enclosing 75c. Please
t o What 18
l1'11~c."
1 1 7 ADAMS ST.
~cod
8 R 0 0 K L Y N, N.Y. 1 l 2 01
Of
All
~l hhtg8';
flold Jo(<>'
City .......................................................................
SEPTEMBER 8, 196"1
I)'T
>.
WA T C HTOWER
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N.Y. 1 1 2 0 1
I am enclosing 50c. P lease send me the 416-page Bible-study aid Life Everla8ting-;,, Freedor.1
of the Sons of God. For mailing the coupon I am to receive free the timely 32-page booklet
Name ......................................................................................
City ........................................................................................
32
AWAKE!
PAGE ~~24.~:
SEPTEMBER 22 . 1967
:..:-
't' -
r:-
:'!-
lr.l-
11t
4 ,550 ,000
n -ptrt.C.
Tlio Blilo 11'1ln!la!loro f!VUiitly ud In ' 'Awah !" 11 tht Nt;; Wotl~ Transl~tloft of the !lily Scrlptorn, 1961 dlflsn.
When otha lt"<oRIIatloni .,., u eJ, !Mt Is olwly ll!artod
..
CONTENTS
Court Asked to Safeguard Patients
20
10
23
11
A Visit to Expo 67
24
12
16
Excessive Speed
19
29
Volume XLVIII
Number 18
IIURI ASH ED 10
forced to accept treatment that the doctors consider best? Should hospitals and
doctors be able to invade the privacy of
the family and obtain custody of a child
by court order, so as to giv-e it a blood
transfusion over its parents' objection?
These quest ions that affect every one of us
were argued before a three-judge United
States District Court in Seattle, Washington, June 19-21, 1967.
What, in particular, led to this court
case is the practice in Washington state of
having children removed from the custody
of parents who are Jehovah's witnesses if
the doctors feel that they might want to
give the children blood transfusions. This disease resulted in breaking up her
invasion of the privacy of the family has friend's home and ruining her life. Shirley
become almost standard procedure. It is Chabot signed a document releasing Dr.
done under color of a Washington state Caputo and the hospital from any liability
law. Blood transfusions have also been resulting from a failure to administer a
forced on fu1l-gTown adults against their blood transfusion, and the doctor agreed
to perform a hysterectomy without thf'
will under color of this law!
use of blood.
One case involved Shirley Chabot, who
However, when Mrs. Chabot awoke
entered Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini Hosfrom the anesthetic during the course of
pital in December 1964 for surgery to be
the operation she found that, contrary to
performed by physician John Caputo. Mrs. their agreement, a blood transfusion was
Chabot had formerly been a nurse, and so being administered! Dr. Caputo explained
objected to blood transfusions due to medi- to her that this is often done to Jehovah's
cal experience, as well as on religious witnesses without their knowledge. It
grounds. She had a friend who contracted makes one wonder just how safe it is to
syphilis from blood transfusions, which go to a hospital for treatment.
/ubfllllrl
lllilltS
AWAKE/
blood transfusion was given her even before the court order was sought! Mr.
Nichol testified that he always feels some
uneasiness about this child because he
does not know what damage has been done
to her by having the blood of a stranger
flowing in her veins.
The next witness to testify was Evonne
Sayers. She explained that she had recovered from the vaginal bleeding from
which she had suffered, and her condition
had stabilized. Then, after her husband
left the hospital with the understanding
that she was all righ t, she was rendered
unconscious by drugs and given a blood
transfusion!
The final witness was Martha Ridge.
She testified that she was in the hospital
at Enumclaw, Washington, suffering from
uterine bleeding. She was not in serious
condition at all, and had a good night's
sleep. Then, she said, she awoke the next
morning to hear on the radio, to her complete surprise and embarrassment, that
she had been taken into the custody of
the court fo r t.''1e purpose of forcing upon
her a blood transfusion:
AWAKE!
10
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Animals cannot learn or figure out complex problems of navigation, since they
io not have the power to reason as man does. Yet they can navigate by the stan::
The book The llfysterious Senses ot Animals n otes the results of experiments in
this regard : "These experiments made it clear that blackcaps instinctively recog
n.ised individual constellations, 'lmew' that they travelled a-eross t he sky during
the n ight and also 'knew' the changes of the constellations with the changing
seasons .... These small feathered astronomers can still navigate if only one or
two stars are visible through the cloud cover. But if the sky is totally overcast, .. .
they simply interrupt their migration .. . How do they acquire their extraordinary
astronomical capacity? ... the blackcap has inherited its knowledge of celestial
geography and the comse of the stars. Science still h as no explanation to offer of
how this instinctive knowledge of a subject as complicated as that of the constel
lations came to be embedded in an animal's germ plasm.''
While scientists may not have an explanation, the Bible does. The wisdom every
where manifested in living things, such as the amazing navigation instinct of
birds, testifies to the f act that they were designed by an intelligent Creator, Jeho
vah God.
SEPTEMBER
2~.
1967
11
Failure in marriage is a growing phenomenon. How con you be sure t hat your
marriage will be successfu l and happy?
12
A Growing Problem
One does not need to be a sociologist to
know that the weakening and severing of
marriage ties is a growing phenomenon.
Every year, in the United States, while
about 1,700,000 couples are married, more
than 400,000 marriages are dissolved.
Thus, for about every four marriages, one
is broken. In many countries divorce rates
are rising even faster than in the United
States.
Yet the number of divorces only parAWAKE!
13
14
come honest and obedient. I, too, have understood my place in the home as a wife
and homemaker."
It is of particular inten:!st that one of
the children should also tell the Witness:
"Sir, since you helped tls consider the
scripture at Colossians 3: 18-21, our parents do not fight anymore. They are showing us affection and are teaching us good
things. We are now obeying them and we
are all very happy." Yes, when God's
Word is taken seriously and followed, the
whole family benefits!
Power to Reunite Sepa1'ated Families
Even when marriage ties have been
strained to the breaking point and husband and wife have separated, the Bible
has the power to reunite them in a happy
union. For example, not long ago a woman in Indonesia who had left her husband
took the initiative and returned to her
village to arrange a reconciliation after
studying the Bible with Jehovah's witnesses. The husband was happy to receive back
his estranged wife, and the villagers were
simply amazed that God's Word could have
such a beneficial effect!
In another instance, a young man traveled from Spain to Venezuela for the purpose of trying to reunite !his parents, '>vho
had been separated for four years due to
marriage disagreements. After a 'vVhi.le he
abandoned all efforts to effect such a reconciliation a.s hopeless. However, later,
this young man was contacted by Jehovah's witnesses and became a serious BibJe
student. The suggestion was made by a
Witness that he visit his parents and see
if the information from God's Word
would not effect a change of heart in them.
He decided to try.
Happily, the Bible had positive results
from the beginning. The mother noted the
change in her boy and very much liked
AWAKE!
15
FRAUD
'
"
T PERHAPS no other period in history has the ancient maxim been more
apropos: Let the buye1 beware! And perhaps, too, never has the advice been more
vital: Investigate before ymt invest.
Sociologists estimate that probably one
out of every ten American adults in the
nineteenth century was a victim of a swindle or fraud sometime during his lifetime.
Yet, in the twentieth century, just last
year, a writer observed: "Today, ten out
of ten adult Americans are the victims of
swindles and frauds ... Never before in
the history of the United States have so
many been swindled so often in so many
different ways out of so much."
At practically every turn there are deceptive and dishonest attempts made to
separate you from your money. According
to reports of the United States Federal
Bureau of Investigation, losses due to
fraud are estimated to be at least three
times greater than the losses from all robberies, burglaries, car thefts and bank
holdups combined.
Misleading Advertising
One of the first steps toward protecting
yourself from fraud is to maintain a
healthy skepticism of modern-day advertising. For while advertising can serve
beneficially to educate you about products
16
17
mon is that they require the prospect to but in Panama, Costa Rica and Brazil.
buy something from the advertiser.
Usually the resulting heartache is due to
failure
to heed the important advice:
For example, one advertisement invites:
Investigate
before you invest.
"WOMEN: - $100 monthly for doing assembly work at home." The ad indicates
Sometimes illegit imate operators will
that the purchaser will be paid for doing send a congratulatory letter or postcard
the work. But this is really not the case, telling you that you have won a free piece
for it is up to the women to sell the items of land as part of the company's adverafter they buy instructions and materials tising campaign. However, it turns out
that there is a small charge, described,
from the promoter.
Another advertisement similar to the perhaps, as "closing costs." These may
above offers: "MAKE MONEY in the run up to $250 or more. Thus, the land
'}uiet of your home. Large profits assured, is not really free, and an inspection of it
market for all your produce." Unwary reveals the land to be practically worthwomen purchase materials and patterns less- being located on an inaccessible hill
with the understanding that the company or in a swamp.
is going to buy the finished product. HowAlmost invariably swindlers entice vicever, the company only agrees to buy tims by offering an item or service "free,'1
work that is "up to their standards." But or at an unbelievably low price. For annone ever is, no matter how well done. other example, a spurious company may
There is an endless number of variations send a letter telling new parents: "Your
to this scheme. The work offered may be baby is about to receive a $500 gift, abwriting songs, raising mushrooms, breed- solutely free." The letter explains that an
ing chinchillas, stringing beads; promoters unidentified philanthropist, childless and
have tried practically everything. But, rewealthy, is making the gift. "You know
member, it is the victim that invariably
the
type we mean,'' the letter continues
pays for something; not the promoter. He
convincingly.
"This is his way of showing
is the one who actually rakes in the profits.
his love for all children . . . by selecting a
few . .. luckily, your infant . . . "
Mail Fraud Is Widespread
Use of the mail for the purpose of deHowever, then follows the bid for your
frauding people, such as in the above money: Five dollars is required to cover
schemes, is a serious problem. Observed "transfer fees," since the five hundred
Chief U.S. Postal Inspector Henry B. dollars is part of a trust fund that must
Montague: "Over $100,000,000 is being be legally separated. Of course, the whole
stolen from the public each year in mail scheme is to swindle five dollars from an
frauds alone-and that's a conservative es- unwary prospect. And so often schemes
timate. We're hearing more complaints such as this succeed! Swindlers tell people
and making more arrests now than at any what they want to believe-that they
other time in history."
can receive something for nothing, or
One form of this fraud is the mail- practically nothing-and many persons
order sale of worthless land. Swindlers are taken in by it. But do not let this
have, in recent years, peddled misrepre- happen to you. Remember the sound
sented homesites to thousands of unwary counsel, never to invest until you have
victims-not only in the United States, investigated.
18
A.HIA. KE!
One writer estimated that probably onefourth to one-half of the eleven thousand
million dollars contributed to charities in
1964 was used for purposes other than for
which it was given. Obviously, then, if
you do not want your hard-earned money
pocketed by poorly managed, unworthy,
or fraudulent charities, investigate before
you contribute.
Beware: Corruption Widesp1eadf
Deceptive and fraudulent business practices have become so widespread that the
general feeling has come to be: 'Everybody's doing it.' The view is that such
practices are not unethical, but simply
necessary expedients to keep up with the
competition. One Los Angeles policeman
observed regarding certain disreputable
operators: "I think that, in their own
mind, they don't think they're crooks."
This means that, to avoid being defrauded,
you need to exercise more than the usual
wariness.
For instance, in the simple matter of
getting change back from a clerk. By
counting it you can avoid being shortchanged, which is one of the commonest
ways to cheat a customer, accidentally or
deliberately. Another thing: Do not be deceived by the shape or size of a bottle or
box. Much time and effort are spent to
deceive you by mal<ing these appear to
contain more than they really do. So
check the net weight or fluid ounces of
the contents on the label.
Awareness of the widespread corruption
impresses the importance of following the
advice: Let the buye1 beware! And it
should serve as encouragement to heed the
counsel: Investigate before y()'l.h invest.
l!xc~~~iv~ .s'p~~a
The number one highway killer is excessive speed. Last year on United
States highways excessive speed was involved in more than 18,000
fatalities.
SEPTEMBER 22, 196'1
19
THE
9-~~~~
~~
20
AWAKE!
21
them to detect the flow of the ocean currents. They had the knack of observing the
angle at which the waves approached their
craft and keeping on course when no other dependable observations could be made.
It is claimed by some that they could
not have come from the west, since this
would have meant their having to battle
prevailing winds and currents, which are
almost all from east to west. However,
their seamanship was of a high order, and,
as already noted, they were able to maneuver their vessels under normal sea conditions. Besides, as stated in The Encyclopredia BTitannica) "it is now well known
that at times there are westerly winds in
the region over which they would have to
travel, and that there would be no insuperable difficulties in the way of such a
voyage."
Equipment for a Long St ay
22
time of their migration, knowledge and recent visitor: "Old traditions still color
culture which raised them much above the the islanders' Christianity, and many
status of savages."-Encyclopcedia Britan- spend considerable effort propitiating the
restless spirits, or aku-aku) that haunt the
nica (9th Edition), Vol. XIX, page 423.
There are mysteries, too, about these lava landscape (of Easter Island]. A single
Polynesian islands, mysteries that their cock crowing off schedule- a certain sign
modern inhabitants cannot explain. On one that such spirit roams abroad-can terof the Tonga group, for example, there rorize everyone within earshot."
are huge stone blocks set up in the form
During the past hundred years the Polyof a giant table, two uprights and one nesian "triangle, has seen a tremendous
toppiece. In the Marquesa group it is not growth in population, by immigration
unusual to find, standing amid the over- mainly to Hawaii and New Zealand. The
growing vegetation, features fierce and native population, which had been. considgrotesque, a stone tiki~ or god, six to nine erably reduced, now appears to have
feet high. And on Easter Island huge stone adapted itself to modern living conditions.
faces, some of them thirty-six feet high, Of special interest is the fact that the
gaze out to sea with unseeing, disdainful message of God's undeserved kindness to
eyes. Hewn out of the volcanic rock, they men of all racial origins is marvelously
appear to be some sort of memorial to penetrating this whole oceanic region.
heroes or ancestors.
Some 7,275 ministers of the Kingdom, JeThere is nothing mysterious, however, hovah's witnesses, are busied there in the
about the Polynesians of today. They are
preaching of the good news. Not alone in
a kindly, hospitable, easygoing people.
Hawaii
and New Zealand, but in the disDisease and commercialism have taken
their toll of the gracious life they used to tant isles-Samoa, Cook Islands, Tahiti,
live. Christendom's missionaries have been Niue Island and the Tonga group-the
unable to impart to them. either strong command is being obeyed: "In the islands
hope or accurate knowledge of true wor- let them tell forth even [Jehovah's]
ship, for it is reported by a comparatively praise."-Isa. 42:12.
IN TH E: F O OTSTEPS OF T HE MAYA
N HIS recently published book Tras la
"."!.
1rtri1
17 ALEIDOSCOPE is the
The Pavilions
To a modern city dweller used to the
straight formal lines of modern architecture, Expo's pavilions in themselves present an imaginative diversity that is most
interesting. For example, there is Canada's large inverted pyramid called Katimavik (Eskimo for "meeting place"), the
United States' geodesic dome some twenty
stories high, Britain's 200-foot-high tower,
the immense glass-walled Russian pavilion, the thrusting spires of the Thailand
and Ethiopian pavilions, a hexagonal
24
therne pavilion
calJ.ed "Man in the
Community," and
a mixture of both
traditional and
avant-garde architectural designs
and innovations,
which make a visit to Expo 67 a
kaleidoscope of
sigh ts and impressions.
The first thing we did was to
go to an information booth,
where a free computer system
called Reservexpo enables one
to get advance reservations for
some of the presentations at certain pavilions. We gave the attendant the names of the shows
we wanted to see, the time preferred, the number of tickets required, and she punched out the
requirements on a computer.
Otherwise, a visitor would often
have to stand in line a long time
to get into certain pavilions. Of
cou r se, there are lineups at
these information booths as
well, but it is really a saving in time and
effort in the long run.
One of our reservations permitted us to
see a show in the Telephone Building, the
main feature of which is a circular theater
with a 360-degree screen, presenting a color picture by the late Walt Disney called
"Canada 67." This circular screen gives a
visitor the feeling of actual participation
and involvement in such particularly Canadian happenings as the Calgary Stampede rodeo, the musical ride of the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police, a careening ambulance ride through the neon-lighted
streets of Montreal, the swaying decks of
a fishing vessel, and so forth. We were
AWAKE!
Films at Expo
The imaginative use of film is one of
our lasting impressions of Expo. Not just
the neighborhood theater type of film, but
all manner of screens, theaters, multiprojection techniques, reflecting surfaces,
flashing lights and refracted images, all
designed to involve the viewer in the action and make him a part of it. In some
instances, five or six different images are
flashed on a screen at the same time, and
the audience is soon caught up in the experience. There has been so much use of
films at Expo, with almost every pavilion
havil1g a small theater and films on dis
play, that one person estimated that if a
visitor did nothing but watch movies all
day long, every day for the entire six
months, he would still not be able to see
all the films that are offered.
One of the most impressive films we
saw at Expo was called "Labyrinth," prepared by the National Film Board of Canada. This unusual title is based on the
Minotaur legend of ancient pagan Greece.
According to pagan Greek mythology, the
Minotaur was a monstrous hybrid, half
man and half bull, living in a labyrinth or
place of intricate passageways and blind
alleys. Each year this Minotaur exacted
tribute in the form of young Athenian
youths until the hero Theseus slew the
monster. Using this as a basis, the film
makers endeavor to show that man has
been trying to extricate himself from the
labyrinth of life by his own efforts and
throughout time has been wandering and
exploring this maze. By a skillful panoraSEPTEMBER 22, 196"1
rna of sights, sounds and visual experiences, the visitor is led through an actual
labyrinth to glimpse man's efforts at extricating himself from his circumstances
and conquering the modern-day Minotaur,
which is suggestively depicted as man
himself. In a series of three chambers or
theaters the visitor is at one point surrounded by reflected images on all sides,
a huge screen forty feet below him, multi
screen effects, and so forth. One leaves
the building impressed by the futility of
man's efforts to free himself from bondage
to sin and death.
Some of t he D ispl ays
from the Atlantic Ocean in the United been left intact on one of the islands, and
States pavilion; a model of an Arctic city there are many theaters and places to sit
that is almost completely undercover, in in the pavilions. The Expo islands are surthe Russian pavilion; a scale model of rounded by water from the St. Lawrence
Solomon's temple in the Judaism pavilion; River, in addition to various canals and
original works of art by such famous fountains, and this is refreshing.
painters as Rembrandt, Rubens, Van
One of the reports we heard about Expo
Gogh, Rodin, Gainsborough, and Picasso was the high cost of eating at restaurants,
were on display, and a working model of and this is largely true. However, there
a human cell magnified one million times are places where more economical meals
was seen in the theme building, "Man can be purchased, and there is a smattering of snack bars. We
the Explorer." In anpacked
a lunch each
other theme pavilion,
day
to
take
with us
called "Man and His
NEXT ISSUE! SPECIAL!
Health, " were disand sat somewhere
Digging Up Bible History
in the shade to enjoy
plays of medical
-How It Affects You
a well-needed rest
equipment and films
and \Vatch the
of open-heart operac1owds go by. To our
tions. With the cooperation of a member of the audience, a minds a problem is Expo's own success,
display graphically portrayed the effect that is, the crowds and crowds of people.
that strain, tension and bad emotions have
As the day progresses, there are lineon one's health.
ups to get into almost every pavilion. The
The "Christian" pavilion wa~ the com- queues do move along very quickly
bined project of several major sects of though, and a little bit of patience is reChristendom in Canada and was presented warded. Many visitors remarked on the
"as the first concrete example of ecumeni- friendliness and courtesy of the people of
cal action in almost a thousand years." Its Montreal, most of whom are bilingual,
theme, "Jesus Christ is God and Savior," that is, speaking both French and English.
reflects their common belief in the un.The theme of Expo, "Man and His
seriptural and pagan doctrine of the trini- World," highlights the accomplishment-s
ty. It seems to be designed to show that and prospects of man. We enjoyed our visthe church is a part of the world and is it to Expo, but also recognized its failure
up-to-date with things going on in the to acknowledge God, the Creator of man
world. According to the official guidebook, and the universe. An understanding of
the "Christian" pavilion does not attempt man's abilities and achievements, past and
to give pat answers to solve all the prob- present, interested us in and made us more
lems of "man and his world," and this appreciative of the God and Creator of
certainly is the case. No mention is made all of us. It also points forward to the
of mankind's real hope, the kingdom of prospects that exist h1 God's righteous
God.
new system of things when men will be
A visitor to Expo, of course, can ex- able to apply themselves to worthwhile
pect to get weary from walking and seeing and upbuilding pursuits without the inall these displays, so we were happy to fluence of Satan and his wicked system.
note that there are many benches and We returned home determined to continue
places to sit down. A historic park has serving God with this prospect in view.
26
A WAKE I
SEPTEMBER
~2.
196"1
27
28
Impcndl~
Famine
Hunger P rotest
More than 500 trains v.rere
kept from running when, on
August 7, the townspeople of
Calcutta, India, squatted on
the tracks to protest the low
rice and wheat ration.
Closed Mines
~ The growing use of oil and
gas has caused the Czechoslovakian government to slow
down its coal-mining activity.
29
Teacher lntluence
~ Your child's progress in
school may depend very much
30
WATCHTOWER
a a -
8 R 0 0 K L Y N, N. Y. 1 1 2 0 1
I am enclosing 25c. Please send me the new book Dia Man Get Here by Evolution or by Oreati01t!
Name ......................................................................................
31
WATCHTOWER
_ _
BR 0 0 K L Y N, N. Y . 1 1 2 0 1
Please send me the revi sed edition or Qualified to Be Ministers. I am enclosing 50c.
Name ......................................................................................
City ........................................................................................
Jn: AUSTRAL I A address 11 Betesford Rd .. Strathl1eld , N.S.W. ENGLAND: The Ridgeway, London N.W. 7.
CANADA : 150 Brldgeland Ave., Toronto 19. Ont. SO. AFRICA: Private Bag 2, P.O. Elandatontein, Transvaal.
32
AWAKE!
4,600 ,00 0
tXPfr&tiOD
w tr>et1pUon nplres.
U DL H
Je t
l .. ~ 1!>~1 IJtlrue
lt'hmi~h,
thirty days
addrc..<.t
ll20l, U.S.A.
S<tondtll~ I>"S ~O
lho Blblo lr.n1latlon rrsolarly used in " Awake:" h th& Now W"ld lransllfon of the Holr Scrlrrtum, 1961 dillon.
When ollm tran1latfon; Art nod. thb b clearly ma~od.
- --~~.~ -~~~~-
..
CONTENT S
The Bible a s History Under Attad'!
The Spade Sheds Light on Genesis
Israel's Worship-A Divine Revelation
Ancient Ruins Testify to Incidents in
Israel's Nation a l History
Discovering God's Name and Word in
Caves and Ruins
Luke-Historian par Excellence
3
4
8
14
17
20
21
25
28
30
Volume XLVIII
Number 19
W
V
IJ'M'ti&R~~,-A~l(J
1//11'
~ &;
No doubt archaeology in itself, regardless of its location, interests many persons because 'distance lends enchantment'
and because man seems to have an insatiable curiosity regarding his past. But
ffltcSpallc
~cds Cigltt
on
GENESIS
~
,~ ~
df"ocot!Md
n.uw~Mo.,......r.--s:--
OOTOBER S, 1961
r'""'~
~ """
AWAKE!
"a careful survey of the literary, geologi- and post-Abrahamic times .. At this ancient
cal and archaeological evidence points to city to the east of the Tigris and souththe conclusion that the infamous 'cities of east of Nineveh some 20,000 clay tablets
the plain,' (Gen. 19:29) \\'ere in the area were unearthed that contained a wealth
which now is submerged beneath the slow- of detail regarding Near Eastern social
ly rising waters of the southern part of and legal customs of the times. Certain asthe Dead Sea, and
pects show remarkthat their ruin was
ably close parallels
I N THE NEXT ISSUE
accomplished by a
to those described in
great earthquake,
the Genesis account
YOUTH A ND DRUG ADDICTION
p robably accompaconcerning the patri living for "Kicks" That Kill.
nied by explosions,
archs. For example,
How to Avoid Drug Addiction.
lightning, ignition of
the selling of birthnatural gas, and genr ights is described,
eral conflagration"; 6 petroleum and natu- recalling the case of Isaacs son selling his
ral gas being plentiful in that region.
birthright to his twin brother Jacob.
-Gen. 25:29-34.
At Babylonia and Egypt
The last ten chapters of Genesis deal
By digging up such ancient cities as chiefly with Joseph. Have you thought of
Mari, Ur and Nuzi archaeologists have his record as merely a good "Sunday
shed further light on the book of Genesis. School" story but probably not actual hisThus at the ancient royal city of Mari tory? Then note what one authority tells
(Tell Hariri) on the Euphrates an enor- as to how thoroughly Egyptian this record
mous palace was uncovered, the archives is, as revealed by the spade : 'Potiphar
of which yielded more than 20,000 clay bears a genuine Egyptian name; stewardtablets. Here such Biblical place-names as ships, such as that with which Joseph was
Haran have been found, as well as some entrusted, appear frequently; dreams were
of the names of the patriarchs, such as a matter of intense interest; the title "the
Serug, Peleg, Nahor and likely Reu, here chief of the bakers" has been found; on
used as the names of places.-Gen. 11: t heir birthdays Egyptian kings were ac16, 20, 29, 32.
customed to grant amnesties; the magiUr, t he ancient home of Abraham (Gen. cians were, among other things, entrusted
11: 28-31), a Sumerian city on the Eu- \Vith interpreting portents; shaving before
phrates near the Persian Gulf, was a appearing before Pharaoh was required,'
prominent metropolis with a highly de- and numerous other authentic details that
veloped civilization. Here, too, thousands testify that the account is not just a
of clay tablets were discovered, revealing "story" but factual history.8
many of the details of life some 4,000
Truly the spade is shedding light on the
years ago, causing their discoverer, ar- book of Genesis. As Albright stated in a
chaeologist Woolley, to say: "We must rad- newspaper interview : "Every year new
ically alter our view of [Abraham ) when discoveries, achieved through the very
we see that his earlier years were passed scientific methods which critics say prove
in such sophisticated surroundings." 7
the Bible antiquated, validate it and prove
As for the excavations at Nuzi, these that the writers meant what they wrote
have served to illuminate both Abrahamic
. This does not mean that no conflicts
OCTOBER S, 1961'
or obscurities remain, but simply that the God's dealings with men and presents
whole sweep of biblical history is based prophetic foregleams of divine blessings.
on remarkable oral and written tradition."
REFERENCES
-The Detroit News, April 20, 1964.
1 The Bible in M'odern Sch,olarsh4p (1965), pp. 318,
No question about it, the spade of ar
319.
2 Scientific Ame!'ican, October 1952, p. 63.
chaeology has and does shed light on the
3 Die ble!bende Bedeutung des Alttestar.w-ittsK autzseh, p. 17, as quoted in The lnterr.ationczL
Bible book of Genesis. It may thus aid
8tczndcz1d Bible Encycl<Y{JaJdicz (1960). Vol . I, p. 229.
some, plagued by doubts, to view the Bible
4 Rece?lt Discoveries in Bible Lands-Albright (1955),
p. 30.
with an open mind and come to appreciate
5 Bible and Spczde-Calger, p. 29.
6 L~ght ;rom tlw A1z.cient Past-Finegan (1959),
that, far more than merely presenting
p. 147.
7 Too Bible as History-Keller (1956), p. 20.
"remarkable oral and written tradition,"
8 The New Schaaf-Herzog EncyClopedia of Religious
the Bible contains the inspired account of
Knowledge (1958) , VoL 6, p. 231.
10
(that is, imageless or nonidolatrous) character of Jehovah and is unique with the
religion of Israel. No religion of hwnan
origin ever thought of so grand a concept
that made it simply impossible to produce
a representation of the one to be worshiped.-Deut. 4:15-19.
But with the Egyptians, their gods took
on many forms, especially that of the
brute creation. Thus we are told: "Mostly
. .. the Egyptian deities were represented
by animal forms. The god Khnum was a
ram; Horus a falcon; Thoth an ibis; Sebek a crocodile; the goddess Nut, at Bubastis, a cat; and the goddess Bruto a serpent. . . . The sacred bull was worshiped
as an actual animal. He was housed in a
temple and tended by priests. When he
died he was embalmed and buried with
great ceremony. Cemeteries worthy of the
gods and kings were built for the interment of these holy beasts . . . The stone
sarcophagi in which the sacred bulls had
been laid away were made of heavy black
and red granite, each one cut from a single polished block approximately 9.6 feet
high, 6.4 feet broad and 12.8 feet long.
The weight of these blocks [sarcophagi ]
has been estimated at about 72 tons.";
Then, again, in one city there was a large
cemetery for cats, in another, for crocodiles, in another, for ibises and in another,
for rams. Hundreds of mwnmified animaLs
have been found in these cemeteries.
A further striking contrast between
Egyptian religion and that of Israel, as
AWAKE!
Nephthys
Anub i ~
12
AWAKE!
enough. In this, however, there is also a their people, the Jews, would take these
warning. The Bible tells us that God does writings seriously.
not change. (lVIal. 3: 6) The modern generHowever, it is difficult to conceive how
ation is rapidly getting as immoral as the any persons who would perpetrate such
pre-Flood generation and as the people of frauds could be termed "well-meaning"
canaan, and so it, too, can expect to reap
and "pious." More than that, there is abJehovah's adverse judgment. Fulfillment
of Bible prophecy indicates that that time solutely no evidence that such a thing was
done, for as archaeologist Albright has so
js not far away.-Matt. 24:1-39.
well noted: "The assumption that pious
frauds and pseudopigraphy were common
No Evolution Within lsmel's Religion
Clearly, from all the foregoing it must in Israel, is without parallel in the prebe apparent that the religion of Israel did Hellenic Orient. What we find is just the
not evolve the way surrounding religions opposite, a [religious] veneration both for
did; it had so little in common with them the written and for oral tradition."u The
that it could by no stretch of the imagina- remarkable accuracy, even as to minute
tion be viewed as a development from sur- details, with which the Bible accounts rerounding forms of worship. The only rea- flect the circumstances and conditions of
son why the presentation of this religion
the particular time period to which they
in the Bible is free from the gross polyt heism of Ur (with its emphasis on the claim to relate (which accuracy has been
worship of the moon as though it were demonstrated so frequently by the digthe chief and ruling heavenly body), is gings in the Nem East), leaves no sound
free from Egypt's practice of magic and basis whatsoever for viewing them as the
its degrading animal worship, and was imaginative works of inventive writers
able to take a relatively strong stand living centuries later.
Have you been listening to and supportagainst the revolting worship of the Canaanites, is that Israel's worship was a ing religious leaders whose modern theodivine revelation.
ries critical of the Bible are thus proved
Those who claim that the worship of to be unsound? If so, would it not be wise
Israel was of human origin, the same as for you to look elsewhere for religious
all the other religions, bring the charge of guidance?
"pseudopigraphy" against the Bible writREFER'ENCES
ers. By t his they mean "spurious writings
1 Tile New Schaaf-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religiotl8
Knowledge (1958) , Vol. 3, pp. 192-194.
purporting to be by Bible characters," and
2 Rncvclopcmtia Britannica (1959). Vol. 23, p. 498.
so they glibly term many of the Bible
3 Ibid. (1966).
4 Av.>ay from Wellha1!Sen.-Kegel (1924).
writings ''pious frauds." By this they
5 The Greatness That Was Babylon- Saggs (1962),
pp. 330-338.
mean, for example, that the book of Deu6 Ancient Near EMtern Texts (1955), p. 34.
7 Godll, Graves and Scholars-C. W. Ceram (1954),
teronomy was written by men who lived
pp. 130-132.
8 Biblical Archaeo"logy-G. E. Wright (1957), p p. 116,
far later, in the time of King Josiah, and
117.
Ibid., pp. 109112.
the book of Leviticus centuries later, by 109 Achaeology
and the Religion ot Israet-Albr ight
(1953) . p. 73.
priests after they returned from the Bab11 Encyclopedia Americana (1956). Vol. 21. p. 704.
~rlonian captivity; and that these men
12 Rece.tt Disco~;eries in Bible Lands-Albright (1955).
p. 34.
meant well and so they piously credited 13 Manual of the Ancie.tt HistO'I'y of the Ea.tLemormant, Vol. II, p. 219.
these writings of theirs to Moses so that 14 The American. Sch.o!.a.r , Spring, 1938.
OCTOBER 8, 1967
13
Israelites, "but
the Canaanites
persisted in
dwelling in this
land," the inspired Record
tells us. (Judg.
1:27) So, what
does the spade
of archaeology
testify regarding these cities?
According t o
archaeologis t
Wright, "the archaeo logica l
evidence is very plain that t he Canaanite
inhabitants [of these cities] were not disturbed nor displaced. These data agree
so strikingly with the conquest tradition
[that is, the book of Joshua] that it is
difficult to see how the correspondence
can be mere coincidence."l.
INCIDENTS IN ISRAEL'S
NATIONAL HISTORY
In Joshua's Time
"Razor ... the head of all these kingdoms''-so the book of Joshua (11:10)
described this city conquered by the invading Israelites. What did the diggings
there reveal? They show that it was indeed once a great city, covering 200 acres
and having a very large population, and
they give evidence that it was destroyed
in the time of Joshua. Even the fact that
in later times King Solomon did a notable
building work there has been corroborated
by diggings.-Josh. 11: 11; 1 Ki. 9:15, 16.
The cities of Beth-shean and Megiddo,
on the other hand, were not taken by the
14
Jerusalem's Tunnels
Did you know that long tunnels, hewn
out of solid rock with simple hand tools
figured prominently in the history of King
David and King Hezekiah of Israel? David's men made use of one of them to
capture Jerusalem in the first place, and
Hezekiah built such a tunnel to assure Jerusalem of water at a time when it would
be besieged.-2 Sam. 5:6-10; 2 ~i. 20:20;
2 Chron. 32:2-4, 30.
In 1867 the water tunnel that David's
men likely used was discovered, running
from the founta in of Gihon back into the
hill, with a vertical shaft up to what was
once the old city of Jebus. In 1910-1911,
the entire system of t unnels connecting
with the Gihon spring was cleared. One
tunnel, known as the Siloam tunnel, was
cut through solid rock for a third of a
mile, with an average height of six feet,
AWAKE!
twenty-second Dynasty.
The Bible shows him as
an Egyptian ruler whom
Jehovah permitted to invade Judah around the
year 993 B.C.E., because
its king, Solomon's son
Rehoboam, had "left
the law of Jehovah. "
(2 Chro n. 12: 1-12)
of King Hezekiah
Knowledge of this invasion was limited to the Biblical record
until 1830. Then an imposing relief in
hieroglyphics and picttrres, discovered centuries earlier, was finally deciphered. Concerning it we are told: 'A portion of this
relief shows the god Amun leading forward by cords 156 Israelite captives in
rows, each of whom symbolized a different town of Palestine. In each case the
name of the town is enclosed in an oval
marked out beneath the head and shoulders of the captive. Of the names that
are still legible and geographically identified are many found in the Hebrew Scrip-
15
testifying to the accuracy of Biblical his- prominence. In one of his annals he detory. This stone has been termed 'the scribes the capture of Ashdod, recorded
largest single literary document outside at Isaiah 20:1.6-2 Ki. 17:6, 13, 18.
t he Bible dealing with Palestine in the
The Nabunaid Chronicle is another paI ron Age.' It tells of the revolt of the gan record that confirms the accuracy of
Moabite king Mesha, which revolt is re- Bible history. In Daniel, chapter 5, Belshazzar is mentioned
corded in the Bible at 2 Kings 1:
as king of Babylon.
1; 3:4, 5. In addition to mentionThis fac t was long
ing Omri, king of the ten-tribe
considered as proof
kingdom of Israel, it also contains
that the account was
numerous geographical names
not historical, since
found in the Bible.
secular history knew
The writing on what is known
of no such Babylonian
as King Sermacherib's Prism harking. However, excamonizes remarkably with still anvations near modern
other incident in Israel's national
Baghdad in the latter
history: Sennacherib's invasion of
half of the. nineteenth
Judah, his capturing of certain citcentury produced nuies, his being paid tl'ibut e by King
merous clay tablets
Hezekiah and his siege of Jerusaand cylinders, includlem. All of this is boastfully related
ing the now famous
in the Assyrian monarch's prism,
Nabunaid Chronicle.
including many details as to the
It effectively cou nnumber of towns captured (fortysix), the number of prisoners taktered all objections to
the record at Daniel 5
Sargon 11 of Assyria, as
en (more than 200,000), and his
concerning Belshazrecord agrees with the Bible as to
found at Khorsabad
Hezekiah's paying a tribute of
zar's occupancy of the
"thirty gold talents." 5 However, the prism Babylonian throne, for it showed that the
contains nothing unfavorable t o Sen- oldest son of Nabonidus was coregent with
nacherib, such as his failure to take Jeru- his father and that in the iatter part of his
salem and his crestfallen return to his r eign Nabonidus entrusted the government
homeland after the death of 185,000 of of Babylon to his oldest son, ((Bel-sarrahis warriors in one night.- 2 K i. 18 : 14; uzur."~
Isa. 36:1 to 37:38.
Among the outstanding events in the
Sargon TI, another mighty Assyrian em- national history of the nation of Israel was
peror who enters into t he Biblical history its return from Babylon in 537 B.C.E. The
of Israel, was long considered nonexistent Bible tells of the proclamation by Cyrus,
by many leading Bible critics because his king of Persia, authorizing this return.
name appeared only in the Bible. (Isa. Dluminating and substantiating this proc20:1) However, he is now one of the best lamation is the Cyr us Cylinder found at
known kings of Assyria. At Khorsabad, on the site of ancient Sippar on the Euphraa northern branch of the Tigris River, his tes about twenty miles from Baghdad. In
palace was uncovered in 1843, and since it Cyrus recounts his easy conquest of
then archaeological work has brought him Babylon and outlines his policy of re~tor
from secular obscurity into historical ing captive peoples to their native lands;
16
AWA"KE!
~,~-.Would
I J I l yourec-
REFERENCES
1 Jounr.al of BibUcat Literature, March 1958. p. 48.
2 Light fro'm tlte Ancient Po.st- Finegan (1959). pp.
190, 191.
3 Ibid., p . 126.
4 H.a,...per's Bible J)ictiona.r y (1961). p. 452.
5 Ancient Near Eastern Texts-J. B. Pritchard (1955);
p. 288.
6 Ancient Recoras ot Assttria. o,n.ct Bab:Vl01tfa-Luckenbill, Vol. 2, Sec. 30.
Discovering
liad's name an_.., __. .
EAVES ADD
OCTOBER 8, 1967
17
this be the case upon finding ancient rec- er things, states: "Chemosh [the naords bearing the name of the Sovereign tional deity of Moab] said to me: 'Go,
of all the universe, the one called "the take Nebo from Israel!' So I went by
night and fought against it, from the
Ancient of Days"!-Dan. 7:9.
Are you aware of the fact, however, break of dawn until noon, taking it and
that this distinctive and unique name of I slew all . . . And I took from there the
t he God of the Bible, Jehovah, came under [vessels] of YHWH [Yahweh or Jehoa religious taboo over 2,000 years ago? vah], dragging them before Chemosh."1
After the last book of the sacred Hebrew Yet, when you read the account about
ScriptW'es was written, the Jews or Is- King Mesha's revolt in the Bible, as reraelites fell into the superstitious fear that corded at 2 Kings 3:4-27, if you are using
it was wrong to pronounce God's personal translations such as the King James, Rename, that it might be a sin to do so. vised Standard, or the Catholic Dauay,
Owing to this, some Bible translations, you may not see the name "Jehovah" even
t:!Ven modern ones, have replaced the name though that name, represented by the
Jehovah in their translations by substitute tetragrammaton, occurs ten times in the
terms, such as "Lord" or "God." But, in Hebrew text (in verses 10-18). Strange,
indeed, that a pagan monarch
view of the fact that the name
over 2,800 years ago used the
Jehovah, represented by the
name of God, while some that
four Hebrew letters or tetraprofess to be his people today
grammaton, occurs in the Heseek to hide it!
brew text of the Bible almost
That the taboo against the
7,000 times, and in view of
use of God's personal
the way its importance is
name, J ehovah, had
highlighted by God's declara~Y~1- still not come into eftion (rep eated some sixty
f ect as late as the
times in the book of Ezekiel
alone) that 'They shall know
sixth century before ow Common Era is apparent from the
that I am Jehovah,' can such
writings on what are known
substitution of God's name be
warranted, justified?
as the "Lachish Letters."
How unusual that men toThese "letters" are actually
in the form of shards or potday, even religious transla tors of the Bible, should hesi- lhe Moobite Stone. In sherds, broken pieces of pottate or even show aversion this oldest known He- tery known as ost'raca. r.
to employing the sacred name brew-Phoenician writing Twenty-one of them were
of God! The strangeness of the name of the true God found in the ruins of Lachish,
the situation is pointed up appears, as shown above. a fortified city that figured
by archaeological findings
prominently in Israel's hisshowing that, in Bible times, even pa- tory from the days of Joshua to the days
gan rulers knew and used the name Je- of Jeremiah. They give evidence of relathovah (or Yahweh) when referring to
" Broken pieces ot pottery apparently were one o!
the God of the Israelites. Thus, on the the most common writing materials In ancient times,
regular writing materials were too costly for
Moabite Stone, already mentioned, King as
everyday use. Potsherds, brol<en pieces of pottery,
Mesha of Moab boasts of his military were to be round in every household. as the makJnz
pottery goes back extremely tar Jn human history
exploits against Israel and, among oth- or
t'nd, being made ot clay, pottery was very cheap.
18
AWAKE!
ing to the time of the desolation of Judah Jehovah does not appear in the noted
in 607 B.C.E.-Josh. 10:3; Jer. 34:7.
Greek manuscripts of the fourth and fifth
centuries.
This argument, however, is now
These "letters" appear to have been
no
longer
valid. Why not?
written by an officer at a Judean outpost
to his superior, named Yaosh, at Lachish,
In Egypt, where the Septuagint translaand they clearly reflect a time of attack tion was made, papyrus fragments were
and stress. While it is of interest to see found of a copy of that translation's renthat the letters contain names correspond- dering of the second half of Deuteronomy.
ing to those of several persons who are These fragments, listed as Inventory Numspecifically mentioned
ber 226 of the Fouad
in the Bible record as
Papyri and now in the
living at the time of
possession of the Sothe Babylonian conciete Royale de Papyrologie du Caire,
quest of Judah, it is
most noteworthy to
are considered to date
find that, of the eight
from the .first or seclegible shards, seven
ond century before
of them begin their
the Common Era, or
message with a saluonly a century or two
tation such as "May
from the time of the
YHWH [Yahweh or
start of the work of
translating and thus
Jehovah] cause my
lord to see this season
producing the Septuain good health." All
gint. When the fragments
were examtogether, the tetra- One of the " Lachish Letters" showing use of
grammaton appears the divine name twice in ancient Hebrew script ined, it was found
that the tetragrameleven times in these
seven messages, clearly indicating that the maton was used in every case where
name Jehovah enjoyed everyday common God's name appeared in that form in the
corresponding Hebrew text, or a total of
usage at that time. 2
But why is it that, even though some twelve times. This is conclusive evidence
Bible versions use the name Jehovah in that the original Septuagi.nt translation
the Hebrew Scriptures or "Old Testament" did use the name Jehovah, and that onpart of the Bible, this name of God dis- ly in later copies did that name come
appears as soon as the reader reaches the to be replaced by the Greek words for
Gospel according to Matthew and reap- Lord and God. Certainly Christ Jesus used
pears only at Revelation chapter 19 in the name, for he plainly stated, in his
the expression "Hallelujah" (Hebrew for prayer to Jehovah God recorded at John
"Praise Jehovah") found at verses 1, 3, 4 17:26: "I have made your name known to
and 6? For long it was held that the writ- them and will make it known."
ers or translators of the first Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, known as Caves by the Dead Sea
the Septuagint Version, honored the taboo
Yield Copies of God's Word
The finding of ancient Bible scrolls in
against using the name of Jehovah, and
that therefore the name was not used by eleven of the Qumran caves situated
Jesus and his apostles, for the name of northwest of the Dead Sea has been deOOTOBER 8, 1967
19
1ulie
20
lEFERENCES
Text.s~P.ritchard
Dictio:~ary
(1955), p.
(1961), p . 654.
..
,. 7
f'
f..
OOTO'BER B, 1961
21
22
AWAKE!
23
24
account proved to be correct. It was confirmed in all the minor details by the inscription of Esar-haddon and proved to
be more accurate regarding this event
of Babylonian-Assyrian history than the
Babylonian sources themselves. This is a
fact of utmost importance for the evaluation of even contemporary sources not in
accord with Biblical tradition."
It might well be asked: Suppose there
had been no archaeological diggings in
Egypt t hat confirmed the Bible's account
of the ancient Egyptians as having both
grapes and grape wine, thus proving Herodotus mistaken? Suppose those German
archaeologists had not uncovered the ruins
of the Hittite Empire and the tablets
found had not been deciphered? Suppose
the prism of Esar-haddon had not been
uncovered, proving three historians mistaken, not true, as to the murder of King
Sennacherib? Would that have meant that
the Bible, that the sacred historian, was
mistaken and that pagan historians had
been proved true?
No! And it would not put doubt in the
minds of genuine Christians, for they have
faith in the Word of God and appreciate
how easy it is for humans to make mis
takes or, for selfish reasons, to be swerved
from the truth. Christians do not look to
archaeology to prove for them that the
Bible is true. They have far Weightier reasons for their faith in God and in his
Word, the Bible. What these are the succeeding aeticle will show.
REFERENCES
7, 1958.
.~ncient
Near
Ecutfff"n
TeztB-Prltchard
(1955),
p, 276.
1~6
A WAKE!
AVE yo u ever
been disturbed in
times past because of
extreme statements
made by scholars
critical of the Bible?
For example, how a
Roman Catholic theologian in this year of
1967 could say that
''twentieth-century
Christians will be prepared to grasp exactly
what the Bible says
only when they finally
and fully realize that
they cannot approach
r _J
t he Bible the same
1.
VrJCI
way they approach a
textbook history" ?1 If
so, then the evidence presented in the foregoing articles in this magazine should
have served to reassure you that the Bible
is indeed factual history.
The evidence presented has certainly
shown that the early history recorded in
Genesis cannot be dismissed as mere myth
but that it clearly manifests a historical
basis. You have seen that the theory of
comparative religion cannot explain the
origin of the worship described in the Bible but that it obviously had a divine origin. You have seen how, time and time
again, even pagan records have corroborated Biblical history. You have seen how
archaeology has tmcovered God's Word
and name in caves and ruins. You have
also seen that, when secular historians
haVe disagreed with sacred historians,
time and again the facts eventually have
supported sacred, Biblical history. In
short, the spade of archaeology has added
its testimony that ever so many events
recorded in the Bible actually occurred,
that ever so many cities and persons mentioned in the Bible actually existed.
FHith
SLIII
Needed
_ ,,'et
OCTOBER 8, 196'1
Be
25
It
28
29
A Loss of Prestige
~
30
Religion In Russia.
~ For more than fifty years
there has been an organized
effort to sta mp out religion in
Russia. Recently a survey was
taken, the first of its kind, to
determine the effectiveness of
the campaign against religion.
On August 29 it was disclosed
that only 21 percent of the
people questioned in Kazan, a
city of 900,000, said they were
religious. Most of those were
older persons, for the survey
showed that only 3 percent of
those who admitted to being
religious were thirty years old
or younger. Another finding
was that 81 percent of those aclmowledging a religion were
women. Having religious parents was described as the main
reason for belief in religion
among those surveyed. This
was said to have been true in
80 percent of the cases. While
orthodox religion is gradually
being strangled in Russia, true
belief in God is not, as Jehovah's witnesses continue to
speak of the hope of God's
new system even in that land.
Cigarett-e Peril
Lung cancer kills as many
as 50,000 Americans a year.
Dr. Kenneth M. Endicott, di
rector of the National Cancer
Institute, said, on August 17,
that "upward of 70 to 80 percent of lung cancer could be
eliminated if people would quit
smoking." In Britain 50 per
cent of doctors are nonsmokers, against 24 percent of
other men. Among lung
cancer research workers, cigarette smoking was practically
zero. On August 20 a United
States Public Health Service
panel issued a report that
~
1lWAKE!
L - -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . -
Few men are, even though some may try. But did you know that the
Bible has never really been proved untrue? That is because God,
its Author, is "telling from the beginning the finale ." What does the
Bible really have to say? And of what value is it to us, so ma ny
centuries after its writing? Learn to know the Bible as a book-its
writers, its contents, its authenticity, etc.
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Is 11!-<'pi rect of Goa and BeiLe/icial."
City ........................................................................................
OCTOBER 8, 1961
31
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marvels of creation
practical sciences
social conditions
religion
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32
AWAKE!
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'J'3mll,
Ciopnja,
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l':~1.s inJ .. 11
The ftlblo translatl~n rog11l.rly used In "Awa~e!" I the New WO<Id Translatlo11 of the Holy Serlptum, 1961 tdition.
When other tr>.nslatlons are usod, t~ls Is elearly ooarked.
t- ~- : -~': -
_ ..._
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..-
w-
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!to!-
"-
"
CONTENTS
Living for "Kicks" That Kill
13
17
21
25
27
29
Volume XLVIII
Number 20
LIVING
FOR
Drug addiction
-how widespread
and dangerous
is it?
candy before breakfast," explained an addict. But it is not at all that innocent.
You young people may hear other
and asked : "Hey, where can we cop some youths argue that the use of drugs is
acid or pot?" The girls were inquiring merely "harmless fooling around and a
about drugs. They were out seeking a sign of healthy curiosity." But there is
thrill, a short "trip out of this world," a nothing "harmless" about it, and curiosity,
''holiday from reality" by means of drugs. improperly channeled, can wreck yom
This may sound harmless to some, but the lives.
fact is that just one experimental use of
This is what happened to a blond girl,
drugs can ruin their lives, even kill them. no more than fourteen years old. The poYoung people today are in search of ex- lice found her lying on a filth-strewn floor.
citement, "instant" happiness. They are Her eyes were blank and her fingers
being told that t hey ought to get "fun" clawed at the figures in the design of the
out of life, and the less real fun there linoleum. She was living with a middleseems to be, the greater their search and aged man. Just eight months before, the
rush to fill the vacuum with the deceptive girl had been a normal , healthy highpleasures of the forbidden and the dan- school freshman from a "good" familygerous. "It was like we were doing some- until a schoolmate introduced her to drugs.
thing wrong that was fun-like eating Now she was on the floor trembling vioOCTOBER 22, 1967
AWA K E!
AWAKE!
Gaining in Populal'ity
Drug users used to be almost always
linked with rootless, friendless children of
the poor, children of broken homes with
no rules to live by and no goals but
"kicks." But not so anymore. Drugs have
found a prominent place among "respectable" suburban brick homes along clean,
tree-lined streets. More and more marijuana is present at parties. "It's a social
gesture to offer friends marijuana like offering them a drink," said a well-groomed
young man. "The boys and girls think
they have to become hip to be accepted
socially and the way to become hip is to
use narcotics," said an acting New York
police chief. It is becoming increasingly
popular to become "high" on marijuana as
a natural conclusion to a dinner party.
OCTOBER 22, 1961
jail, in a hospital, and thus start the degraded cycle over again. "We are animals," said a young female addict. "We
are all animals in a world no one knows.
We'll step on one another for a shot if
there's no dope. I'm no different from any
of t he others. I'll beat somebody for their
money just as fast as look at them. That's
why I say we're animals." Is this the life
you want?
Some young persons try to justify their
use of drugs because of the difficult times
in which we are living. That these are
critical times, there is no doubt. We are
living in the death throes of an old system
of things. Nearly everyone today needs
help outside of himself to face the critical
times in which we live. And youths are
no exception. But there are other and
better ways to get help than by means of
pills or marijuana.
Use of narcotics appears to be an easy
way out, but it leads only to greater frustration, an empty life and an ugly death.
AWAKE!
AWAKE!
12
worth losing the hope of living forever? brain, liver or kidney damage? Is it worth
Is it worth corrupting oneself into a pros- wrecking one's mind, becoming a mental
titute or a thief or a murderer? Is it worth patient or a prisoner for life? Nothing is
exposing oneself to demon possession, to worth that price! Your being convinced
prolonged depressions, epileptic convul- of that fact will prove to be a priceless
sions, to hepatitis, venereal disease, to protection for you in these critical times.
N THE stillness of an October or a November evening up north come the distant sounds of honking geese and quacking ducks, the thrilling sights and sounds
of birds flying southward in "V" formations. As the golden rays of the autumn
sun begin to fall at more of a slant, casting an amber light across fields where
corn has been hulled, there is the call of
the pheasant and the flutter of wings. The
marshes and lakes are suddenly covered
with thousands of birds resting and feeding between fiigh ts, as they prepare to
resume their journey toward warmer regions. The hoot of an owl and the bark
of a fox can be heard in the distance.
With the passing of evening's golden haze,
the night becomes cool and there is a
touch of frost in the air. A wondrous
change is about to take place over the
northern half of the earth.
Since earliest times the sounds and
sights of autumn have awed man. He has
13
pantries are stocked with the year's goodness. It is a time of rejoicing, as when
the ancient Israelites rejoiced before Jehovah their God at harvesttimes. It is a
time when appreciative ones cry out to
God, as did the psalmist: "You have
crowned the year with your goodness."
- Ps. 65:11.
This is the time of the year when a
blanket covering during the night feels
good. But the cold does not come to stay.
Days are warm with a fresh autumn tang.
Vociferous crickets, katydids and grasshoppers form the season's symphony orchestra. With remarkable regularity they
produce loud chirps, about 160 of them
a minute. It is said that if you count their
calls for 15 seconds and add 40, you will
have the approximate temperature! Also,
the insect's warmth can be estimated according to the musical scale. At 70 degrees F. he calls in F sharp below middle
C. At 86 degrees the cricket's excitement
rises to middle C itself. As the temperature drops the chirps get farther and farther apart until they stop entirely toward
the late night hours.
Even though the sky is cloudless and
decked in azure blue, yet the plants are
busy readying themselves fol' the bleak
winter days ahead. All but the evergreens
have ceased to carry water to leaves and
buds. The leaves and frailer stems shine
suddenly with a beauty that defies description. The magnificence of the woodlands, the spectacle of leaves, where color
changes day by day, make one stand in
wonder at the creation of God. "Do give
ear to this, 0 Job," said the young man
Elihu to the ancient prophet. "Stand still
and show yourself attentive to the wonderful works of God." (Job 37:14) The
impact of these words can be specially appreciated when one is surrounded by autumn's wonders.
14
15
Birds are the most famous of all autumn travelers. The gray Arctic tern flies
a total distance of about 22,000 miles each
year. This bird nests above the Arctic
Circle in the summer, then flies south to
spend the winter below the Antarctic
Circle, returning to its Arctic home for
the next summer. The great shearwater
ranges the entire Atlantic Ocean. Yet in
the fall these birds return to the islands
of Tristan da Cunha, mere specks in a
giant ocean, a navigational feat that is
a challenge to man with all his modern
scientific instruments.
The barn swallow abandons his home
in the northern part of America and flies
over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to spend the winter in South
America. Ruby-throated hummingbirds
too excite wonder and admiration by their
autumn flights. These tiny birds, barely
three inches in length, regularly fly across
the Gulf of Mexico, from the United
States coast to Yucatan, on their way
south. This is a flight of 500 miles across
an open ocean for those little wings.
In Canada, fragile butterflies with their
tiny wings quivering gather in thick clusters. On just the right breeze they rise
and drift southward. The black monarch
butterfly is. known to cross thousands of
16
miles, even oceans. Divinely provided instinctwarns the butterflies of winter's approach. It guides them over trackless
oceans and land and causes them to stop
on the same "butterfly trees" that their
foreparents used year after year.
In the south of France, a family of
wasps wing their way up to an elevation
of 6,000 feet and there cluster for the
winter under stones in a sort of coldstorage vault that keeps them inactive until spring. High in the Rocky Mountains
of the United States, the bright-red ladybugs spend the winter under clumps of
earth. Bats spurn the dark, moist caves
and zigzag hundreds of miles south when
autumn begins to tint the woods with gold
and red. Species of the hoary and red bats
are known to fly the 2,500 miles across
the Pacific Ocean from the United States
to Hawaii. What strength in those wings!
Autumn is no chemical accident. To
man who finds pleasure in the wonderful
works of God it is an inspirational uplift. Autwnn has a way of reaffirming that
"seed sowing and harvest, and cold and
heat, and swnmer and winter, and day
and night, will never cease." (Gen. 8:22)
The furry bear, lying asleep beneath a
blanket of leaves will arise come spring.
The mantis eggs, carefully covered on the
branch, will hatch. Some of the acorns
that the squirrels planted will sprout. The
parasols of the seeding dandelion that
floated to earth will soon be having tiny
parachute seedlings of their own.
If man needs reassurance of the providence of God, he can find it on every hand
by walking appreciatively through autumn's blazing wonderlands. For at this
t ime the words of the Psalm (145:15, 16)
take on new meaning: "To you [0 Jehovah] the eyes of all look hopefully, and
you are giving them their food in its season. You are opening your hand and satisfying the desire of every living thing;!'
AWAKE!
DOllS IT
many things must be taken into consideration. For instance, how much use will it
get? Will you use it enough to justify the
cost? Or will it be used only occasionally
in the evening or on a weekend once in a
while?
Another point to consider is the availability of public transportation. How good
are the facilities for bus or rail travel?
In some cities subway and bus systems
can take a person for miles quite cheaply.
True, the convenience may not always be
equal to that of owning a car, but if mass
transportation is always available and reasonable in cost, the potential or actual car
uwner of modest income would do well
to weigh public transportation against car
ownership.
This brings us to the real crux of the
matter. For some with good incomes, the
cost of a car can be absorbed and sustained easily. They may even pay for it
in cash and maintain it with little strain
on their adequate income. But for many,
perhaps most others, that is, the average
moderate wage earner, the cost of an
automobile and its maintenance is the major factor in considering ownership.
What Part of the Budget?
18
19
to tighten your other expenditures in or- old jalopy for less than $300-at 1964
der to be able to afford the car. However, rates." Hence, while a used car does not
even here it might be wise to investigate entail the same expense as a new one, the
buying a car that is at least two years old, expense is considerable, and usually quite
when t he worst part of its depreciation a bit more than public transportation. Inwill have passed. Then, too, for city use deed, the insurance alone may cost more
particularly, or for shorter distances, the than the public transportation each year!
small economy car is both easy to handle And without a doubt repair costs are muland low in expenses compared to standard tiplied as the car ages.
models.
Keep in mind, too, that regardless of
But if you are one who does not need an whether it is a new or a used car, there is
the problem of parkautomobile, before
ing on city streets.
making a decision to
ARTICLES IN THE NEXT JSSU
This has become a
own one you must
A Reason to Live.
chronic, even acute,
determine how much
And the Waters Kept Increasing.
problem in some of
you can truly spend
ladmor--Storied Oasis In the Desert.
Those Am2:!ing Architects !hat Make
the larger cities. And
for it. This you can
lf a parking lot or
do by realistically
garage is rented,
noting your weekly
then
the
expense
of
owning
an automobile
expenses for housing, food, medication, inincreases
greatly.
surance, clothing and other things. Once
you have made this realistic appraisal of
Some who have owned a car in the city,
your true expenses each week, then see but did not need one, and have given it up,
how much you have left. If your income now find they have more money left than
is $100 a week and your expenses are $90 ever before. They can comfortably pay
to $95 a weel<, you are in a very poor their bills and are able to enjoy other
position to own a car. Even if your income things that they could not enjoy before,
is $150 a week, you are in a poor buying such as good food, better clothing and
position if your outflow is $140 a week. more recreation. They do not have to
And do not be misled by those attractive scrimp and cut corners, because the auadvertisements that show low monthly tomobile they gave up no longer drains
payments. You must figure your true au- their income. Really, is it wise to tighten
tomobile expenses as noted previously, and belts and make life uncomfortable and go
they are considerably higher than any deeply into debt to own an automobile
monthly payment for the initial expense
\Vhen it is not needed and is likely to beof the automobile. After taking the varicome
a burden on the entire family ?
ous factors into consideration, you may
So, then, does it pay to own an autodecide that a new car is not for you. You
may consider, instead, buying a used car. mobile? Each individual must decide for
Here, of course, the expenses of ownership himself whether it real1y pays or not. If
are less, as the initial cost is much lower. he needs one and can afford it, he can
But note what financial counselor C. Neal, find it very useful and enjoyable when
in Sense with Dolla'rs, stated: "Since all properly used. If he does not need one and
cars, regardless of age, must be licensed, cannot really afford it, it would be the
insured, gassed, and oiled, it is next to course of practical wisdom to spend the
impossible to operate even a twenty-year- money on the family's real needs -instead.
Sl1~11s.
20
AWAKE!
HOW
One of the main means of financial support for churches and their activity is the
flow of tithe money. Even though the tithing system is not truly Christian but a
part of the Mosaic law, which came to its
end with Jesus Christ, it nevertheless re-
21
22
AWAKE!
kind of thievery." Another opened a bazaar saying: "You have come to be cheated, and if you have not come to be cheated
a little, you deserve to be cheated a good
deal."
Regarding church entertainment, one
observer , after studying five hundred
money-raising occasions, expressed concern over some of the entertainments,
leading him to conclude that "nothing
could be more disturbing than a review of
the list of church entertainments, publiC:
performances for money."
Church kitchens are also a way that
some churches raise money. In one year
over 400,000,000 meals were cooked. One
report said: "There is nothing, it appears,
that peps up Sunday School and church
attendance like a Pot Luck Supper or a
Chicken Stew. The church now travels,
like an army, on its belly."
Church rummage sales are popular
money-raising schemes. Unwanted items
are donated by members and friends of the
congregation to be sold at the church or
from a vacant store. A church in Chicago
said that it netted $20,000 from a single
rummage sale.
Some church organizations buy merchandise at wholesale and then sell it at a
profit. Hence the church operates on the
same basis as a retail establishment, except that it does not pay taxes in America
or conform to the numerous other regulations applicable to a business.
23
usual sacrifice asked .. is ten dollarsgiven only once and the benefits are applied forever." For perpetual enrollment in
a seminary guild, according to an envelope, $25 is required for a deceased person;
$50 for one during life and after death,
and $100 for the family. This giving is aU
so futile when one knows that the dead
do not know anything, as the Bible at Ecclesiastes 9:5, 10 declares.
A pamphlet put out by the Parish Service Company tens churches how to double or triple Lenten offerings with Lenten
self-denial folders. "The coin slots in our
Lenten Folders are 'Dated', too! No haphazard giving on the part of your membet'S. The 'date' of each slot tens them at
a glance whether they are generous or
derelict. .. Fragrance has been added
to Lenten Self-Denial Folders this yearthe pleasing fragrance of aromatic incense
of myrrh.... Scientific tests have proven
that fragrance has a profound effect on
the subconscious mind. It should help to
'sell' the idea of generous giving."
Why Objectionable
HARDWD.RHIDii DDiiS
DFTHE
FlDDI
BY
"AWAKEI" CORRESPONDENT
IN URUGUAY
.J
nipotence, his Godship; even as God himself indicates at Isaiah 43:9-13, where he
challenges false gods to foretell things and
then bring them to pass, to prove they are
gods.
Another sphere in which God's foreknowledge is to be seen is in regard to the
course of action certain creatures with a
certain personality would take. For example, God not only foretold many of the
events in the earthly life of his Son, bul
also that his Son would remain true to
him in spite of the strongest opposition;
for which reason God would raise him
from the dead to be further used to God's
glory. (Isaiah, chapter !'53) Why could Jehovah God so confidently predict that his
Son would prove faith ful? No doubt because of his long association with his Son;
there simply was no doubt in Jehovah's
mind that his Son would remain true regardless of what he had to endure.
The same, to some extent, might also be
said regarding J ob. J ehovah God could depend upon Job to prove the Devil a liar
because he cou!d read Job's heart and had
observed Job's course of integrity-keeping.
In a like manner Jesus Chtist, after his
resurrection, intimated that the apostle
Peter would remain faithful to the end,
because of his association with Peter and
being able to read Peter's heart supernaturally.~Job, chapters 1 and 2; John
21:15-19.
On the other hand, God through Moses
foretold that the nation of Israel in days
to come would prove unfaithful: "I well
lmow that ... you will without fail act
ruinously, and you will certainly turn
aside from the way about which I have
commanded you." (Deut. 31:29) Here,
again, was prophecy, but not without some
basis. God foreknew they would turn aside
because of their tendency toward selfishness, although never without a faithful
remnant.- Deul. 9:6; Isa. 1:9.
'1.7
The D octrine of
28
29
tra ffic in
Sweden, from foot, to horse, to
oxcart, to carriage, to auto
mobile, has proceeded on the
left side of the road. On
September 3 Sweden switched
to right-hand driving. The
resulting traffic jams had a
holiday flavor. Most city
drivers appeared to enjoy the
early morning chaos on the
streets. Bystanders cheered as
the cars moved into the righthand lanes. The accident rate
was lower than usual, because
of the extreme caution exercised by motorists. Has the
switch been a success? "It
will be months and years
before we can call this operation a solid success," said Lars
30
Church Property
P ollutio n Is Global
~ Chemicals
used for pest
control are now found to be
contaminating the a ir and
water of the whole earth. TWo
years ago, scientists working in
Antarctica discovered traces of
DDT in the bodies of seals,
penguins and fish. After extensive studies, scientists have
concluded that Antarctic
waters are now contaminated
with sevet'al types of pesticide
that have made their way there
either in ocean currents or
transported by winds. Studies
by both American and British
scientists reveal that contamination is now obviously global.
This pollution has taken place
despite the f act that Antarctica
is protected by internation al
treaty as a scientific reserve,
into which no a lien creatures or
powerful chemicals like pesticides may be introduced that
might alter the n atural
balance.
Slump in Religion
~ Church attendance no
longer keeps pace with the
growth of the population in
America. In 1957, about 59 percent of all American adults
thought religion's influence was
growing; this year, 57 percent
say religion's power is on the
wane. In 1958, about 49 percent
of the adult U.S. population
attended church during the
week when questioned; the
latest figure is 44 percent;
significantly, the percentage
drop for the 19 to 21-yearolds
is 11 percent, or twice as high
as the 5-per cent decline for all
adults. Only 31 percent of a ll
Jews were "absolutely certain"
of their belief in God as of a
1966 poll; in 1952, the figure
was 70 percent. Protestant
Sunday-school enrollment fell
by more than 231000 students
A
AWAKE!
".i\loondoggle"
~
Read
Awake!
WATCHTOWER
Girl Delinquency
~
According to Clarence Ca
bell, director of Juvenile Hall
for Los Angeles County, the
rate of juvenile delinquency
among girls is increasing at
twice t hat among boys. Cabell
also asserted that there are
more "unmanageable girls"
coming into Juvenile Hall at
the present time than at any
time i.n history. While the most
common offenses for boys are
The wo~l d situation today is frightening. You may wish it were not
so, but it is. You may prefer to
think that it doesn't affect you, but
it does. Keep awake to the significance of our times. Read Awake!
regularly. Send only $1.
THf
ISSUf
1 1 7 ADAMS ST.
BROOKLYN, N .Y.
120 1
I am enclosing $1. Please send me the Awake! magine for one year. For mailing the coupon
I am to receive free the tJmely boo_klets Secunty Dt~rmg "War ot the_Great DaY, O/ God the Afm igkty," Heating of the Natio1z.s ilas Dra.wn ilfear and When AU Nat!ons Umte Under Gods
H tngdom.
Nrun e .................................................................................... .
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Ma~ Oet
CUT
AND
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or Route and Box ............................................................ ....................................................
MAIL
NOW
lu: AUSTRALIA address 11 ~eresford Rd., Stratbfteld. N .S.,V. ENGLAND: 'rhc Ridgeway, London N.W. 7.
CANADA: 160 Bri<lgeland Ave., toronto 19, Ont. SO. AFRICA: Private Ba~ 2, P.O. Elandsfontein. Transvaal.
32
AWAKE !
A Reason to Live
PAGE 's
NOVEMBER 8. 1967
Sem lmonthly-Atr1~uns,
011\CI$
1,
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4,700,000
c)plres.
Fionlsb,
K~.
Zulu.
Steoodcha r-
- - r -- ~
- 1"'1 - n-
t~l llo n.
CON T ENTS
Avoid the Spirit of Retaliation
A Reason to Live
13
17
20
21
23
25
21
29
Number 21
NOVEMBER 8, 1967
A VOID
AWAKE!
Ill
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A World Phenomenon
Suicide is a world phenomenon today.
Dr. Edwin S. Schneidman, a California
psychologist, regards it "basically as a
disease-one of epidemic dimensions perhaps, but one that is preventable." The
World Health Organization in a report included a survey of recent suicide rates in
twenty-one countries. Hungary heads the
list, with a yearly average, from 1961 to
1963, of 33.9 suicide deaths per 100,000
population. Finland is second, with 29 per
100,000, and Austria third, with 28.3 per
100,000. The study revealed that world
wide four to five t imes as many men as
women commit suicide. In suicides of men,
Hungary still topped the list, with a rate
of 48.9 per 100,000. The figures for women
showed that Japan is highest, with 20.6
per 100,000. Another source asserted that
throughout the world more than 10,000
people commit suicide every day, a shocking figure!
These alarming statistics have induced
physicians and social scientists to combine
their energies in an effort to prevent such
mass self-destruction of human life. The
big question these scientists are asking is,
What is the reason for aU this self-murder?
Why Suicides?
For years social psychologists have speculated on this matter, but have never adequately explained these figures. The history of suicide reveals marked variations
according to race and period. Among peoples of simple civilization and those with
a fixed code of morals suicide is very rare,
and is deemed unnatural and reprehensible.
Modern physicians and social scientists
are inclined to believe that suicide is the
culmination of many different factors, What Studies Show
such as ill health, incurable disease, loneStudies reveal that a high number of
liness, rejection, frustrat ion stemming suicide attempts occur in children brought
from domestic or financial or employment up in unstable, disorganized or broken
6
AWAKE!
which has deprived many people of spiritual knowledge, the most potent force in
counteracting the tendency to suicide; for
it is only a spiritual and inward strength
that can enable the individual to stand
against the pressures of these wicked days.
A Christian's View
Despite the so-called tolerant views
toward suicide in Christendom, which
views underscore the world's growing lack
of morality and lack of faith in God, true
Christians cannot condone such acts, for
a number of reasons. Such acts show no
fear of God, no trust in Him. They are
a rejection of God's undeserved kindness.
They are a violation of his commandment
against murder. Suicide is murder, and it
is just as wrong to murder oneself as it
is to murder one's fellowman. It is a disregard for the sacredness of life. It is a
cowardly act, a fleeing from problems instead of facing them.- Ex. 20:13; Rom.
14:7-9.
Suicide affects the mental health of the
survivors. It leaves them with an enormous sense of guilt and shame, not to mention other burdens that may come upon
t hem. It affects the mental health of the
community as well. It is as though one has
found a murderer in one's community,
within one's own family. It certainly is
not an act of love, and Christians are to
love.-Mark 12: 28-31.
Needed: a Reason to Live
As a rule, potential suicide victims do
not want to die. More than 70 percent who
commit or attempt suicide are or have
been under a physician's care. Eight out
of ten persons who try to kill themselves
and fail are very glad to be alive and
probably will not try it again. Only about
5 percent of those who make an attempt
eventually commit suicide. When potential suicide victims are asked why they
7
new regard for life into a decadent civilization, so now t he good news about J ehoy~h's established kingdom, as preached
by Jehovah's witnesses, provides an enduring foundation and bulwark in the face
of present world despair.
When a married German woman found
herself very ill after World War II, . she
took out a bottle of drugs and was determined to end he1 life with an overdose.
However, the doorbell rang. She answered
it. The caller, seeing her extreme distress,
refused to leave. The householder collapsed and was taken inside. Upon gaining
consciousness she confessed what she was
about to do. Her caller spoke to her about
God and his promised new order. The two
women prayed and they thanked God for
life. That happened in Berlin almost twenty years ago. Thoughts of God and his purposes restored in the despondent woman
a desire to live. Her caller was a minister
of Jehovah's witnesses.
Thus the battle against suicide, in the
final analysis, is seen to be deeply influenced by one's view of life and morality.
A person who knows that he has a duty
to perform toward God is bound to go on,
be conditions what they may; and he who
is convinced that there is forgiveness for
the repentant and a better system to come
will not despair for long.
For life to be meaningful and rewarding,
it must reach into the realm of the spirit,
in fact, through prayer into the very presence of God, who is the source of life, and
seek to obey him. (Ps. 36:9) That is wh at
Jehovah God meant when he encouraged
the ancient nation of Israel to "choose
life in order that you may keep alive, you
and your offspring." (Deut. 30:19) Choosing life meant choosing to worship and
sene the true God Jehovah, which is
man's basic and primary reason for living.
-Ps. 34:8; Eccl. 12:13.
AWAKE !
10
big winter freeze-up sets in, with temperatures 40 to 50 degrees (F.) below
zero. Much more damage is expected to
show up by the spring of 1968 as a result
of winter conditions.
Ma.ny lYJade No Preparations to Flee
12
NOVEMBER 8, 196"1
wise King Solomon, of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, of Sapor king of Persia,
and Queen Zenobia. Yes, all those prominent persons of history are linked with
that ancient city of 'I'admor in the heart
of the Syrian Desert. So, now, would you
like to pinpoint it on the map and learn
more about it?
The ranges of the Anti-Lebanon mountains radiate from Mount Hermon in a
northeasterly direction into the desert.
About 140 miles northeast of Damascus,
or where the easternmost range drops
off into the plain is the location of Tadmer. Ancient? Yes, for the royal archives
of the kingdom of Mari, dug up near the
Euphrates River some 150 miles due east,
contain references to Tadmor. These cuneiform records date back to about 2000
B.C.E., before Hammurabi of Babylon subjugated Mari and destroyed its capital.
Since Tadmor stood almost halfway between Damascus to the south and the Euphrates to the north, it is quite possible
that Abraham knew of this thriving com-
13
mercial center at the time when he journeyed south to the land about which Jehovah had spoken to him. In those early
times this oasis with its stately palms
must have been a welcome and refreshing
sight to desert travelers.
There would be the protective wall of a
typical caravansary; also the most vital
commodity to travelers-water for themselves and their animals. At times it would
be a place of bustling activity as long
camel trains arrived or prepared to depart.
Rebuilt by Solomon
Almost a thousand years later King
Solomon considered this oasis city vital to
his kingdom's welfare on two counts: as
a garrison city for defense of the northern frontier, and as a vital link in the
chain of caravan towns radiating from
this spot. Through this city of palms
passed the commercial riches of the ancient world, Oriental goods from India,
Persia and Lower Mesopotamia as well as
products of Mediterranean lands, arriving
through Tyre and Damascus. So the Bible
record says that Solomon "rebuilt Tadmor
in the wilderness and all the storage cities
that he had built in Hamath."-2 Chron.
8:4.
During the next thousand years the
pages of history are silent about Tadmor.
Not until early in the first century C.E.
does it again figure prominently. That it
was then the objective of a plundering expedition by Roman forces tmder Mark
Antony indicates that it had become a
prosperous place. At t his time it was called
Palmyra, capital of a commercial state in
which was featured a partnership of Syrian merchant princes and Bedouin tribesmen.
Swift Climb to Prominence
The city's swift climb to prominence began when Syria formed an outpost prov-
14
15
16
roles as "king of the north" and "king of given place to modern world powers,
the south" and fulfilled a prophecy ut- which, like Zenobia's Kingdom of the East,
tered by the prophet of Jehovah more than are numbered as to their duration by the
eight hundred years earlier. And new, even sure fulfillment of the prophecies written
mighty Rome has long since faded out and down in the Bible.-Dan. 2:44.
'fHEY
18
AWAKE!
19
T llin
NDREW, a disciple of John the Baptist,
was thrilled when John introduced him
to Jesus Christ, "the Lamb of God"!
Andrew quickly "found his own broth~r.
Simon (Peter], and said to him: 'We have
found the Messiah.'" (John 1:35-42) Ever
since, zealous disciples of Christ have been
telling their relatives the good news. One
modern-day disciple explains:
"About six years ago I visited my mother
in Texas after not having seen her in two
years. When I arrived and unpacked we be
gan to talk about my new faith. I had be
come one of J ehovah's witnesses since I had
last seen her. We talked 'way into the
night. The next day I was also able to speak
with my brothers and sist~rs about the Bible
.~,~comises.
20
.
C
21
22
Village Life
The bilek) as we have seen, is the private quarters of a single family made up
of an average of six persons. But all family members spend most of their time,
when home, in the gallery outside. Here
the men squat on rattan mats to talk, to
work on fishing nets, or to do wood carvings. Here, too, the women chat and engage in various handicrafts, particularly
the manufacture of excellent basketware
and the weaving of sarongs in beautiful
patterns. It is here also that public events
are held. At night it serves as the dormitory for young bachelors who bed down on
mats. Unmarried girls sleep in the lofts
above.
The Headman
That central "door" or apartment of the
longhouse belongs to the tuai rumah or
headman of the longhouse. He is elected
by the community, and his responsibilities
include entertainment of strangers, administering of adat) or the customary law, as
well as serving as peacemaker and priest
of the community. Note how heavily he
is tattooed. Customarily it is only on a
journey that a man can be tattooed, and
the extent of the tattooing tells, like the
labels on a globe-trotter's suitcase, how
far and often he has ventured out to the
world outside.
This particular tuai 1'U1?Wh is certainly
a much-traveled man, but so are many
others we can see around us in this longhouse. It is quite evident, too, that he is
no autocrat, but, rather, a kindly old man
of some means who is anxious to care for
the interests of the community.
/ ban A g riculture
The growing of hill rice is the primary
concern of each family. Just as each family of the community has its own apartment, so each family cultivates its own
AWAKE!
there are other things to do, for padi cultivation alone provides no more than a mere
subsistence. Small rubber plantations are
also operated, the crude rubber being sold
in small sheets to the Chinese rubber dealers on a cash basis.
Tied closely to their agticulture is the
superstitious system of rites and omens
practiced by the !bans-an elaborate fertility cult centering on the padi, which is
supposed by them to possess a "soul." The
whole life of the Iban is governed by his
desire to be on correct terms with the gods
and a host of spirits. To achieve this, periodic offerings of food and drink are
made, accompanied by the waving of live
fowl or other propitiatory acts.
Changes Under Way
With the advent of mission and government schools, transistor radios and other
elements of the white man's civilization,
changes are taking place. Many families
have been proselytized by the sects of
Christendom. Some few have already cultivated a love for the Bible, and it is a
pleasure to talk with them about the coming blessings of a new order under the
rule of God's kingdom. They show willingness to undergo training for life in that
new order-life that promises to reach
endlessly into the future.
As our prahu carries us back downriver after this fascinating experience, how
stimulating it is for us to think that the
God of loving-kindness is reaching into
such remote places, yes, even the land of
the single-roofed villages, to sound glad
tidings of a better way of life and an endless future of happiness!
COMPLEX STARFISH
Although a starfish may appear to be a simple organism, it has
a nervous system that is more complex than London's telephone
exchange. This fact testifies to the high degree of intelligence of its
Creator, just as the complex mechanism of a telephone exchange testifies to the intelligence of the men who designed and made the exchange.
NOVEMBER 8, 1961
23
, (.
Left to right: Fo nt row: Sotonul l or, 1., Ship:~y .M., Pu ir, L ., Casanova, J ., Alarcon, J., Kullan , A. , Dr,Jtna<~a, J., H~: tor, S., P eswlclc, N .,
Hahn, R. Second row: F loe s, l\-I., Marks, B., J ames, R . , Chorney, V ., Brya n, s .. Dorant es, C., Penrney, P., Waagan, N . , Bolduc, M., Meisl, .11.
Third r ow: Petferman, S ., Scurlock, B., Johansson, M. , Johansson, E., James, A., Hons inger, E., Eadie, T ., Brindle, l<J., Corkum , A.,
Thatc her, D. Fourth row: Pentney, H ., Vl'oito, M., Rai ner, R., Naviski, E., Fredlund, (;., Fredlund, L., D aeumler, H ., Lehnert , A ., Knapp, A .
Fifth row: Shol't land , J ., House, S., Herron, R., Etoe, K., Currie, B ., Beebe, A., Massier, S., Pug h, N., Matheson, C. S ixth r ow : Eadie, w.,
Knapp, A., Sotomayo r, B., Skidmore, W. , G ustavsson, S. , Werner, I., Ledbetter. D., Urban, E ., Balasl<i, K ., Drum, L., Matheson, G. , Shipley, R.
Seventh row : Englund, A., Elliott, A., Latvala, T., Gustavsson, B., Anderson, E. , Balaski, B., Baxter, S., Reather!ord, H., Mas<;ier, R., Fail, R.
Eighth row: Hector, Vv., Guimond, R. , Brindle, L ., Dehnbos t el, H., Corkum, S., Brown, D .. Breneman, J., Gem:, A ., Mikkola, A., 'l'hatche r, D .
Ninth row: Paschal, P., Ols en, T., Oatman, T., Scurlock, C., Lilly, D ., J o hansson, J., Honsinger, W., Pefferman, M., Lindsey, C., Gruen, R.,
Ku!lan, N . Tenth ro w : SiolknwP:kl, .r.. l"'ltune, C., J3o>ebe, J'., Brock, E ., Dacttmler , R., l<':.bl:: n, D ., Andersl\on, G. , Marus, S., Bryan. P...,
T<>n~k. M. , Qulstorn:. H .
lnli J
TJ:DJ:~T
"Our study of the Bible here began appropriately at the beginning. Almost immediately the Law given through Moses
began to come to life as we dramatized in
class just how it operated. And so it was
with the rest of the Bible as, chapter by
chapter, we completed the Hebrew Scriptures and went on through the Greek. At
the same time in our other classes we were
viewing this same information through a
different frame of reference: by subject
theme. Foundations of Bible History was
a fascinating study of ancient times and
peoples; Ministerial Activity taught us,
among other things, what a demonstration
ought to be; and the Doctrines course nicely rounded out our Bible instruction. At
the same time we were cramming into our
heads Spanish, French or Portuguese.
What a wonderfully balanced course of instruction!"
In the afternoon 2,114 persons heard a
program of pleasant music and singing by
the student body. Previous graduation programs had whetted their expectations, and
they were surely not to be disappointed.
The graduates enacted a gripping, twohour drama entitled "Jehovah's Way, the
Way of Victory." Depicting Israelite Judge
Jepht.l-lah and his fight with the Ammonite
enemies, the drama was punctuated by
modern-day applications, showing how
God's people now must stick with his organization under the Greater Jephthah, Jesus Christ, for victory.
As the day's program ended with prayer
offered by the Society's president, the missionaries expressed themselves as being
eager and excited about going to their farflung assignments. They knew of the
worldwide interest in their graduation, and
now, by sticking to their work as missionaries of the good news of God's kingdom,
they wanted to prove worthy of the excellent training t hey had received.
AWAKE!
NOVEMBER 8, 1961
but another part, including the Ten Commandments, still continues in force. No,
for the same apostle in another place
writes: "Now we have been discharged
from the Law ... that we might be slaves
in a new sense by the spirit, and not in
the old sense by the \:vrit ten code. What,
then, shall we say? Is the Law sin? Never
may that become so! Really I would not
have come to know sin if it had not been
for the Law; and, for example, I would
not have known covetousness if the Law
had not satd: 'You must not covet.'"
(Rom. 7:6, 7; Ex. 20:17) Since "You must
not covet" is one of the Ten Commandments of the Law, it follows that Christians are discharged from the Ten Commandments also, including that one dealing
with the sal.>bath.-Col. 2:13, 14.
., 'But what about a weekly Christian
sabbath day? ' you may be asking. There
is no such thing, for nowhere in the records left by Jesus' disciples do we find
notice of any weekly sabbath day other
than that of the Jews. Not until the fourth
century of our Common Era was civil and
ecclesiastical legislation enacted setting
aside Sunday as a "holy" day. This was
allegedly based on a tradition that early
Christians celebrated Sunday rather than
the Jewish sabbath (Satwday) in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ.
-See The Catholic Encyclopedia, under
"Sunday."
5 Referring to this earliest legislation as
to observance of Sunday, Chief Justice
Clark, speaking for the Supreme Court of
North Carolina, declared: "The first 'Sunday law' was enacted in the year 321 after
Christ, soon after Emperor Constantine
had abjured paganism, and apparently for
a different reason than the Christian observance of the day.. .. Evidently Constantine was still something of a heathen."
And the Superior Court of the State of
Pennsylvania had this to say: "The first
27
Sunday law, the edict of the Emperor Constantine, was the product of that pagan
conception developed by the Romans,
which made religion a part of the state.
The day was to be venerated as a religious duty owed to the God of the Sun."
-Cornmonwealth v. Hoover, 25 Pa. Sup.
Ct. 134.
6
There is no evidence, however, that
Jesus and his apostles enjoined upon
Christians, either by precept or example,
t he observance of a weekly sabbath on
Sunday or any other day. In fact, the apostle Paul found it necessary to reprove certain Christians in the Roman province of
Galatia who were being influenced by Jewish tradition to keep on observing "holy"
days. Said he: "How is it you are turning
back again to the weak and beggarly elementary things and want to slave for them
over again? You are scrupulously observing days and months and seasons and
years. I fear for you, that somehow I have
toiled to no purpose respecting you."-Gal.
4:9-11.
The origin of Sunday observance is pagan, not Christian. In view of this, what
should be the attitude of those who follow Christ? Since the law of many lands
sets aside one day in seven for rest from
normal activities, the Christian will be
happy to use that day not only for needed
rest but also for the furtherance of Christianity, something that should be closer to
his heart than all other activities of life.
He can study God's Word at home and in
association with fellow believers. Certainly the day also presents fine opportunities
to contact others and speak with them
about God's purposes and the hope of everlasting life.
7
28
8
The Christian will do good on that day,
not because it is essentially different from
any other day, but for the reason that he
is called upon to perform good works
every day. (Gal. 6:10) He does not ascribe to that day a holiness that superstitious pagans used to ascribe to it. He
heeds t he counsel of the apostle Paul: "Let
no man judge you in eating and drinking
or in respect of a festival or of an observance of the new moon or of a sabbatt1;
for those things are a shadow of t~e things
to come." (CoL 2:16, 17) Jesus Christ
himself set the example, going about
preaching the good news on any and every
day. (Luke 4:32) Now that God, through
the death of Christ Jesus, has abolished
the Law, Christians are not required to
observe the weekly sabbath. (Eph. 2:15)
They use every day and every opportunity
to honor and praise the God 'who called
them out of darkness into his wonderful
light.'--1 Pet. 2:9.
AWAKE!
NOVEMBER 8, 1961
H unicane Beula h
~ The last days of September
saw hurricane Beulah roar
over the Gulf of Mexico to lash
Texas and Mexico with 160
mile-an-hour winds. "She's the
biggest, nastiest storm I've
ever seen," said a veteran pilot
hurricane hunter. The storm
spawned 95 separate tornadoes
and released an estimated 15
to 20 inches of rain that flooded
mcst of south Texas. Communication with nearly a million
people was cut off. First esti
mates placed property loss at
Sl,OOO,OOO,OOO. Relief loads of
supplies were quickly sent in
to the stranded areas. Je
hovah's witnesses in surrounding states rallied together
to send in tons of supplies to
help U1e needy. The number of
refugees in emergency centers
and private homes housed in
Rio Grande City a lone num
bered 11,500. The death toll was
38, including nine in Texas and
29 earlier in Mexico and the
Caribbean. The Weath e r
Bureau called Beulah one of
history's worst storms.
Sky-dlvlng Tragedies
The deaths of 16 sky divers
who drow n ed August 27
brought the number of sky
diving deaths in America this
year to 40, according to the U.S.
Parachute Association. Last
year 28 sky divers were kiJled
in jumping accidents. Th e
August tragedy was blamed
~
29
Limited Marriages
~
30
On September 11 Senator
Robert F. Kennedy charged the
cigarette industry with "ped
dling a deadly weapon . .. for
financia l gain." "Each year,''
he said, "cigarettes kill five
times more Americans than do
traffic accidents. Lung cancer
alone kills as many as die on
the road. The cigarette industry
is peddling a deadly weapon.
It is dealing in people's lives
fo r financial gain." The Amer
ican Cancer Society's president
Ashbel C. Williams said that
1967 has been termed "the year
of the cigarette" by the society.
Cancer caused by smoking
k illed 75,000 persons last year,
h e said, and other smoking-related diseases cla imed another
300,000 lives. The tobacco in
dustry spends $2,000,000,000
annually "trying to talk chi!
dren into smoking." It is esti
mated tha t 4,000 to 5,000 American children an hour are
taking up the smol<ing habit.
On September 29 the Agriculture Department said that
Americans will smoke 551,000,
000,000 cigarettes this year, an
average of 4,295 cigarettes for
AWAKE.'
LetUil
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N.Y. l 1 2 0 1
S8.50); [
NOVEMBER BJ 1967
31
j~YOUR PARE
TS'
11 7 ADAM S ST.
B R 0 0 K L Y N, N. Y. 1 1 2 01
I am enclosing :soc. Please send me the 416-page Bible-study aid Life Everla&ting-in FreeaO'T>~
ot the Son8 ot God. For mailing the coupon I am to receive tree the timely 32-page booklet Hea/r
mg of tile Nations Has Drawn Nea:-.
City ........................................................................................
State ...................................... Zone or Code .................
J.n: AUSTRALIA address 11 Beres!ord Rd., Strn.thfield, N.S.W. ENGLAND: The Rld~reway, London N.W. i.
CANADA: 150 Brldgeland Ave., 1.'oronto 19, Ont. SO. A FRICA: Private Bag 2, P.O. Elandsfontein, Transvaal.
32
AWAKE !
4,750,000
; he Olblt translation rtgalarly osed In " AWllkt!" i; the Hew World Translation of the Holy ScriptorO>, 1961 o61tlon.
When other translations are e~e4, this Is cltarly marked.
CONTENTS
Do You Really Listen?
Is It Wise to Discuss Religion?
The Divine Name in Music
Canada Completes a Century
21
26
27
29
5
8
12
16
20
Volume XLVIII
~:i
13 :I I
Number 22
to walk the earth, appreciated that humans often fail really to listen. Therefor~,
he frequently urged his audience to be
alert and take heed to what he was saying. For instance, on one occasion when
instructing a crowd, he began by saying:
"Listen. Look!" After this arousing appeal
to attentiveness, Jesus related an illustration of a sower who sowed seed on various
types of soil, and the different results that
were forthcoming. Then, when concluding,
he added: "Let him that has ears to listen
listen."-Mark 4:3-9.
What Jesus said was important; it had
a great deal of meaning. It deserved a listening ear. Simply hearing the interesting
Hlustration was not sufficient. The people
needed to get the sense of wbat Jesus said
and allow it to make an impression upon
their mind and heart. Therefore, they
needed to listen, that is, "to hear with
thoughtful attention: consider seriously,"
which is how Websters Third New International Dictionary defines the word.
Only a few of the audience were real
listeners. These came to Jesus afterwarct
and questioned him about the illustration.
They desired a fuller explanation. They
had heard with thoughtful attention, having given serious consideration to the
.,
)
illustration, but its meaning was not alto- with personal views! But this is what pergether clear to them. So Jesus accommo- sons are often inclined to do. Especially is
dated them with answers to their ques- it common to view discipline and corrections and, as a result, they truly benefited. tion as a personal affront. However, the
-Mark 4: 1-20.
Bible proverbs encourage: "Listen to counA good listener is not afraid to admit a sel and accept discipline, in order that you
lack of understanding by asking questions. may become wise in your future. Cease,
Jesus' disciples were not hesitant to ask my son, to listen to discipline and it will
sincere questions, and Jesus was delighted mean to stray from the sayings of knowlwith the interest they showed. It is a edge."-Prov. 19 :20, 27.
pleasure to explain matters to such an auWe all need sound counsel and discipline
dience. A discerning listener will draw and so shoulq really listen when they are
forth valuable information, as the Bible offered: Never close your mind and menproverb explains: "Counsel in the heart of tally block them out when they are given.
a man is as deep waters, but the man of Do not be like the religious Pharisees of
discernment is one that will draw it up." Jesus' day. When Jesus restored sight to
a young man who was born blind, they
-Prov. 20:5.
Contrary to what many believe, listen- closed their minds to the evidence. Even
ing is not simply a passive process. It can after the healed man explained to them
be a very active one. The stream of mes- how the miracle occurred, they remained
sages being received needs to be analyzed. closed-minded. Finaily, when the Pharisees
What is the speaker trying to say? Often continued to question him about the matpersons have difficulty expressing them- ter, the man said: "I told you already,
selves clearly or coherently. Sometimes and yet you did not listen."-John 9:13-34.
The appeal of God's Word is to avoid
their real meaning is unclear because of
lack of specifics or examples. So a skillful such an attitude. Wisdom is personified in
listener can lead the conversation by well- the Bible book of Proverbs, chapter eight,
directed questions. Under his gentle, ex- and is portrayed as speaking to us as
ploratory probing a person who may have learners, urging: "And now, 0 sons, listen
been considered a dull speaker may be to me; yes, happy are the ones that keep
found to have wells of information that no my very ways. Listen to discipline and beone has bothered to tap.
come wise, and do not show any neglect.
A real listener appreciates that a con- Happy is the man that is listening to me
versation is an opportunity to learn some- by keeping awake at my doors day by
thing about another person or from him. day."-Prov. 8 :32-34.
He realizes that when one tall<s, or is menWill you really listen? If someone should
tally planning what he is going to say, he visit you with wholesome information
is not learning anything. But the listener from God's Word, will you heed its wisdoes. As the Bible proverb says: "A wise dom and take in the valuable knowledge
person will listen and take in more instruc- it offers? You really should, for the retion."-Prov. 1:5.
wards are everlasting. The Bible assurance
How unwise, therefore, to close one's is: "The man that is listening will speak
mind when hearing ideas that may conflict even forever."- Prov. 21:28; John 17:3.
AWAKE!
'TREAT them as
you would treat
someone coming to
:- your door trying to
sell you the Brooklyn
Bridge. Listen for a
moment, and then politely close the door.'
So a clergyman advised his congregation
to stifle discussion of
the Bible. His target
was sincere Christians
who visit people in
their homes and seek
IS IT TOO CONTROVERSIAL?
Jlalue of Discussion
love, and so you do not have to be concerned about the opinion of such a person.
The kind of person who is willing to discuss the Bible with you in a loving way is
not the type who will ridicule another's
lack of knowledge on the subject. Rather,
he will be keen to extend to others aU the
information he has obtained, starting with
elementary questions if necessary. You
see, the Christian is guided by the principle enunciated by Jesus: "You received
Make the Right Decision
free, give free." (Matt. 10:8) Without
It becomes apparent that there are monetary return and without grudging, he
many advantages to be derived from reli- will be willing to share the knowledge with
gious discussion. It can strengthen your which God has blessed him.
own faith in God. It can aid you better to
It is vital, then, that you make the right
understand your neighbors. It may well decision. How unwise to allow some exshed new light upon a subject in which aggerated fears to deprive you of that freeyou are vitally interested. Discussion with ness of speech that the apostle Paul so
someone who has had considerable experi- highly commends in the Christian! (1 Tim.
ence in Bible study could prove to be very 3:13; Heb. 3:6) Far better it is, more in
rewarding.
keeping with Christian principle, to speak
One does not need to be sensitive about
with others about the hope you entertain
one's religious convictions-not if they are
well founded upon the Word of God. Nor on the basis of Bible knowledge. This is
is there any need to fear that in any such the course of wisdom, the course that will
discussion you wi11 be made to look foolish. lead you to giving closer attention to the
Anyone who stoops to ridicule a fellow Word of God, the basis for all true relicreature who is trying to learn more about gious teaching. May your decision be the
God is lacking in the Christian quality of right one.
prime minister, Lester B. Pearson, lighted the centennial flame that will burn
throughout 1967. Canadians are looking
back over their first hundred years as a
nation, many wondering about their future. What is to be expected in the years
ahead?
Few French-Canadian leaders seem to
share the enthusiasm of their EnglishCanadian counterparts as the country
rounds off its first century. Claude Ryan,
writing in "The Enigma of French Canada" in Saturday Night magazine of January 1967, on page 21, remarked: "The
English believe we are to celebrate the
one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of
a nation. Quebec's leaders, on the contrary, hold that the birth of Canada dates
from the 17th century and that what
we're marking this year is merely the centenary of a political regime- a regime
which has never been completely satisfactory for French Canadians." Base lines of
this society were inscribed by early
French settlement and overlaid later by
the English conquest.
Canada Today
A generation ago Canadians thought of
their country as a land of forests being
turned quickly into farms. Today there are
still hundreds of thousands of square miles
of forest remaining. A continuous belt of
trees stands between the northern reaches
and the settled areas lying to the south,
along the border between Canada and the
United States of America. The bulk of
Canada's population is in this southern
Peaceful Birth of a Nation
band, which amounts to less than five
Despite the cultural and religious gap hundred thousand square miles.
between the Protestant English and the
The first half of the twentieth century
Catholic French, birth of the Canadian has witnessed the transformation of this
nation in 1867 was peaceful. The constitu- populated area from a simple agricultural
tion document, the British North America and forest economy to a mushrooming inAct, made it legal for the French Cana- dustrial belt, bolstered by rich discoveries
dians, who formed one-third of the popu- of oil and metals. The same changes are
lation, to retain a religion and a language now well under way in Quebec. Rapid in10
AWAK E ' !
12
high. Measurements of heights can be ac- speed that is proportional to the speed of
curate to within two feet more or less in the plane. The result is a strip of film
pictures taken at an altitude of 10,000 feet. showing a continuous picture in sharp
It is a common practice to use combina- detail.
tions of two or three large aerial cameras.
A three-dimensional view can be seen
When three are used, one points directly by taking a series of pictures, with each
downward, but with a slight tilt, while taking in about 60 percent of the area
the other two point out obliquely from the covered by the previous one. This overplane so as to get pictures of the horizon lapping allows any two adjacent pictures
on each side, as well as a portion of the to be studied with stereoscopic magnifying
area covered by the vertical camera. The lenses that cause them to fuse in one's
oblique pictures show a much larger area mind as a single three-dimensional picture.
than does the vertical view but are not as
Using this method in reconnaissance
useful in map making as vertical pictures, pictures taken at 30,000 and 40,000 feet,
which permit greater accuracy of mea- an expert photo interpreter can determine
surement. The film is usually nine inches how tall a man that shows up in the magsquare or seven inches by nine inches.
nified pictures is. He can also estimate the
As might be expected, the motion of the size of a factory, with a margin of error
plane creates a problem in obtaining pic- of less than a foot. The camera lenses used
tures in sharp detail. You also encounte1 for taking such aerial pictures are exthis problem when you take snapshots. ceptionally fine, being regarded as distorThe slightest motion of the camera you tion free.
hold in your hands can cause the picture
to lose sharpness. By holding the camera Archaeology
A search for archaeological ruins can be
very steady and by using a fast shutter
greatly aided by getting an aerial viewspeed this problem is greatly lessened.
Every possible precaution is taken when point. In some instances no sign of buried
mounting cameras in a plane to reduce ruins can be spotted from ground level,
the effect of vibrations that can cause but can clearly be seen in aerial pictures.
camera movement. The motion of the The sites may have been completely obplane over the ground is another form of literated by cultivation of the land, but
movement that can affect the camera, but from the air, color variations can be seen
this is overcome by using a fast shutter in freshly plowed land and in vegetation
speed and by using a special motion- that indicate the location of the ruins.
compensating magazine for the film. This Old pits, postholes and trenches can cause
device moves the film slightly during the a denser and taller crop of grain because
instant the shutter is opened, permitting of an increase in depth of the soil in those
a very sharp picture to be taken because spots, and this outlines the ruins in aerial
it compensates for ground movement be- pictures. A poor or stunted growth of
grain over old buried roads, floors and
low the plane.
foundations
does the same thing. Many
Cameras in high-speed reconnaissance
Roman
ruins
have been discovered in Enjets that travel at low altitudes overcome
gland
in
this
manner.
the motion-blurring problem by using a
Whole cities may lie buried in North
camera without a shut ter. All it has is an
open slit that allows light to strike the Africa and the Middle East under a light
film, which is moved past the slit at a covering of sand without being noticed by
NOVEMBER 22, 1967
13
raphy of the sea floor around the Bahamas and, by infrared film, have revealed
the distribution and temperature of ocean
cunents. Thus the sciences of geology and
oceanography have been greatly aided by
man's ability to put photographic eyes in
the sky.
They even have been useful in taking
an accurate census of wild animals and
birds. A plane can photograph with great
r apidity herds of fast-moving animals,
such as migrating caribou, that may extend over many miles of coWltry. Flocks
of geese or collections of seals can be photographed from the air very easily and
then counted by means of a binocular
microscope.
With flying-camera eyes a quick inventory of timberland can be taken to determine the volume, condition and growth
of the timber. As an aid to botany, they
can survey a large area to reveal the distribution and structure of the vegetation
there, a task that would require years of
work on the ground.
Even grain farmers can benefit from
aerial photography. Pictures of wheat taken with infrared film at an altitude of 10,000 feet can spot the wheat-damaging disease, black stem rust, more easily than it
can from the ground. The same is true of
attacks on oats by the yellow dwarf virus.
Damage can be done internally to the
leaves of oats before there is any outward
evidence of it, but infrared aerial photographs reveal the presence of the disease
in a crop of oats because the infrared light
that penetrates to the interior of the
leaves is not reflected by leaves that are
diseased inside but by leaves with healthy
interiors. Infrared light reflected by such
leaves shows up as light tones on infrared
film. But when the light is absorbed b y
diseased leaves the result on the film is
dark tones.
Although aerial photographs are usuA.WAKE.'
15
T HAS long
been the proud
Iboast
of its people that Great
Britain is a Christian country. One
hundred years ago
the Victorian era
----~
was characterized
by church- and
chapel-going, by Bible read i ng and
join them; in fact, one estimate
family prayers; and Sunputs the number of people of the
day observance frowned
working class who are churchgoers
upon any reading lighter
at only one-half of one percent. ~
than sermons. Much outOnly in some middle-class areas
ward piety and adhercan
a moderately full church be
ence to moral duty set
found.
A Gallup poll cqnducted
the tone for a respectfor
the
r eligious paper Sunday
able '.'Christianity" that
showed
that
a third of the popuwas fostered by a stronglation
no
longer
even go to church
ly established nationa l
for
baptisms,
marriages
and funerchurch. Education was
als,
so
severing
all
ties
with
religion.'
Yet
very much controlled by the church; only
Anglicans could attend the universities of only about 6 percent of the nation proOxford and Cambridge, and they were not fesses atheism; and since self-professed
allowed to graduate unless they signed as- atheists often seem to be seeking truth
sent to the thirty-nine Articles of the more than many so-called Christians, the
entire pattern makes one ask, What is
Church of England.
With such a background it is not hard wrong with faith today? and what are the
to understand why its successful empire- people of Britain prepared to do to remedy
building was attributed in part to "a firm the situation?
belief that the British way of life and its
industries were directly related to its mor- Seeking a Reinterp retation
The phenomenal circulation of the bishal convictions and its religious habits." 1
op
of Woolwich's book HCYtLest to God
But did this make Britain Christian acraised
the question, Why did people buy
cording to the true definition of that name,
it?
Was
it just the propaganda and conand can it be said of Britain today that
troversy that made them .anxious to read
it is a Christian country?
a few pages out of idle curiosity? Or were
Great Religious Changes
there many deeply hungry people who
Little remains of that Victorian picture thought it might give them a satisfactoday except the cherished memories of tory reinterpretation of religion? Without
the elderly, and the crumbling churches doubt there were readers in both of these
and chapels that they still attend when- categories. But wri ting as a layman, Lord
ever able. Few of the younger generation Eccles, in his book Half-way to Fai th, adds
A-CH-RISTIAN
COUNTRY?
16
AWA KE !
another suggestion: "So strong is the revolt against the old concept of a Supreme
Being that the abstract concept put forward in Honest to God matches the spirit
of the age." He hints at one aspect of this
spirit: "I suspect that many of them are
not genuine doubters but scoffers, who delight to see a bishop playing Aunt Sally
with the mitres of his brethren."
Pressing for a reinterpretation that
would bring real understanding to people,
Lord Eccles censures the theologians of.
today who either talk down to laymen because they are thought to be lacking in
education, or talk over their heads about
academic niceties that leave a layman wondering why he bothers to listen. Either
way the result is that the laity "have
never been so ignorant about the groundplan of the New Testament."-P. 103.
17'
18
part, recognised the extent of this corruption, and that, unless we do, we shall
not shake it off." In trying to find the reason for this, Dummett put his finger on
an important point: "While many inside
the Church are living, or trying to live,
Christian lives as individuals, the Church,
as a body, has not been leading a Christian
life at all . . . The Church at present is
merely a religious association .. . we do
not know one another, we do not care for
one another, and we have nothing in common with one another save our acceptance
of certain religious tenets." How this contrasts with what Jesus Christ said would
mark his followers : "By this all will know
that you are my disciples, if you have love
among yourselves"!-John 13:35.
borough, Cyril Eastaugh, felt that to commend it for study would be useless because
it contained no clear statement as to what
was the churches' belief concerning sexual
morality and why it was held. Dr. Bloomer, bishop of Carlisle, quipped: "It may
be of interest in heaven but of little value
on earth to those who are striving to manage the strong passions and basic impulses
of life." A Chu?ch Times editorial (October 21, 1966) called it "a disastrous document." It went on, "It prefers to take the
shifting moods and opinions of men as a
guide . .. it has no time at all for that
ftmdamental Christian concept, the revealed law of God . . . It seeks to justify
what the law of God and the Son of God
have explicitly condemned."
Along the same lines the bishop of WilGod's Law Ignored
lesden commented: "There is an extraorWhen it comes to morals, does Britain dinary reluctance to accept that the New
uphold Christian standards and help its Testament regards adultery and fornicapeople to live by them? Bishop Wand re tion as sinful."
cently lamented: "At the present moment
It was expected that the Council of
moral values are at a discotmt." A report Churches would reject the report, and it
published last year by a church commis- was even suggested that, if it did not, the
sion, and which was called "Putting Asun- Church of England should withdraw from
der; A Divorce Law for Contemporary So- the Council. However, the move to repuciety," recommended granting divorce on diate the report was defeated, although the
presenting proof to the court that the mar- principle that sex relations should be conriage had broken down. A storm of pro- fined to the marriage state was reaffirmed.
test greeted it. A Church Ti?nes editorial For this compromise the Council was
(July 29, 1966) said: "Is it expedient for called "muddle-headed" and "so lacking in
a Christian group to give advice to the courage as to shrink from judging a misState which, to say the least, contradicts chievous document by the clear criterion
the Church's whole view of marriage as a of the law of God."
Christian institution? ... Is not God's law
of marriage of universal application, how- 1'he Verdict
ever disobedient to that law a particular
Is Britain a Christian counhy? Giving
society may for the time being show t.he short answer in the Daily illail (March
itself?"
26, 1964), Monica Furlong said, "No, it
Close on the heels of this report came never has been." Reflect on some of the
a second one, entitled "Sex and Morality," reasons that bear this answer out. Thoufor presentation to the British Council sands have only a second-hand faith, and
of Churches. Condemnation was even for many more even this has collapsed enstronger this time. The bishop of Peter- t irely. The scoffing spirit of the age has
NOVEMBER 22, 1961'
19
20
AWAKE!
in relatively small cities, the delegates of'IT'S a fantastic group, I'll tell you.' ten made up the largest crowd ever to
This was how the manager of the attend a gathering in those places. In some
Mayo Civic Auditorium, Cal Smith, re- cities theie was one assembly delegate for
plied when asked to comment today on about every five or six local residents, and
the Jehovah's Witnesses District Assembly sometimes the ratio was even higher
the.re Thursday through Sunday. . . .
than that! So the delegates could not help
but
be noticed.
" 'They scrubbed down everythingarena, hallways, the whole works,' Smith
said. . . . 'I've never seen anything like it The Theme and P1ogram
The theme "Disciple-making" was sein the 10 years I've been manager,' . . . It
lected
for the district assemblies. And in
was one of the easiest conventions at the
harmony
with it, the convention program
auditorium, he added ... . A total of 6,253
emphasized
that true Christians should
persons [attended], making it the largest
actively
participate
in teaching others,
one-day convention crowd and the largest
thus
helping
others
also
to become disciconvention ever held in Rochester."
ples
of
Jesus
Christ.
(Matt.
28 :19, 20). It
In this way the Rochester, Minnesota,
Post-Bulletin of August 28, 1967, recorded was pointed out in the talk "Let Down
comments that were typical of those made Your Nets for a Catch" that modern
by many observers at assemblies of Jeho- Christians should accept Jesus' invitation
vah's witnesses this past summer. In just to 'be fishers of men.' (Matt. 4:19; Luke
the continental United States, Canada, the 5:10, 11) .1\.t every appropriate opportuniBritish Isles and western Europe, 775,680 ty, the speaker said, Christians should let
gathered in 140 assembly cities to hear down their nets and endeavor to make
the principal address, "Rescuing a Great disciples.
Other portions of the program stressed
Crowd of Mankind Out of Armageddon."
And a total of 13,049 new ministers were the importance of Christians' living their
baptized.
lives in harmony with the high moral
Since most of the assemblies were held standards of God's Word. Such program
"
21
22
crossed those of Jehovah's witnesses (individuals) many times as you have journeyed enmass to convention centers in the
summertime-in the United States and in
Canada. Never have I had contact with a
more orderly, considerate group of people
. .. I wonder if others could say that about
the individuals who make up the membership of my Church."
Well-organized
Another thing that is particularly noted
in connection with assemblies of Jehovah's
witnesses is how everyone cooperates together in caring for the vast amount of
work. As the fairground manager at
Shreveport, Louisiana, explained: "That is
Neat, Clean, Decently Dressed
what I like about Jehovah's witnesses, you
When the Bible is truly taken seriously people know what you want to do and are
and its principles applied, a difference is able to get things done with the least connoted even in the appearance of the peo- fusion of anyone I know. We don't seem
ple and the place where they assemble. to have any problems when it comes to
The Evansville, Indiana, Gou1ier of Au- your conventions."
gust 25, 1967, noted this in connection
A writer for the Utica Obser'lierwith the "Disciple-making" assembly in Dispatch commented in an article that he
their city:
entitled "Witness the Way Witnesses
"The Stadium itself was unusually clean Work": "Simply fantastic! That's the best
for the presence of a ceowd of that size. way to describe what hundreds of volunAlthough concessions were available, no teers are doing in the way of providing
paper cups or wrappers were spread across meals for 6,000 men, women and children
the floor or dropped under the seats. It attending the statewide district assembly
may have been the first time in the his- of Jehovah's Witnesses in the Memorial
tory of the stadium when 6,000 or 7,000 Auditorium. . . . There is no grumbling,
people occupied its seating space and a no trouble, just hard work. ... Although
fog of smoke did not obscure the speaker." the hours are long and the work tough,
Similar comments were made by offi- the volunteers still have time to greet one
cials and other visitors in assembly city another with a handshake and a 'glad to
after assembly city. The day after the see you, brother or sister.' "-J uly 1, 1967.
But what motivates Jehovah's witnesses
Allentown, Pennsylvania, convention an
editorial appearing in the Allentown Eve- to volunteer their services free of charge,
ning Chronicle mar veled at. "the appear- and to work so hard and cooperate so well
ance of [Jehovah's witnesses'] youth," together? The manager of the Laredo,
saying: "Not a Jezebel, not a beatnik, Texas, Civic Center wondered, and so at
hippie-type among them. Not a mini skirt; t he close of the "Disciple-making" assemno skin-tight pantaloons ... And everyone bly he asked the convention cafeteria
carried the all-time best-seller, the Holy manager : "\'Vhat makes such coordinating
possible?"
Bible ...
"I think you may know," the cafeteria
"Allentown Fair President Ed Leidig
manager
answered. "It is a small foursaid it best: 'When I inspected the grounds
letter
word,
LOVE."
this morning I didn't find a single cigarette
but t, not a beer can, not a chewing gum
Yes, it is genuine love for their fellow
wrapper. There was no litter, period.' ... Christians! This love is what motivates
And whatever evidence others might have Jehovah's witnesses to labor so that others
NOVEMBER
~2,
1967
23
can be comfortable, and so they can, without distraction, take in the life-giving
spiritual provisions of the assembly program. This love is not taught in the schools
or institutions of this world. Rather, it is
learned from a study of the Bible. Truly,
a heartfelt appreciation of the teachings
of God's Word does have beneficial effects!
In fact, applying Bible principles enables
Jehovah's witnesses to accomplish what
worldly people are unable to do. At the
Costa Mesa, California, assembly, William
Walkup, the director of the Orange County
Civil Defense, and Roy Hutts, assistant
manager of the Orange County Red Cross,
and their subordinates, took a tour of the
assembly facilities. They were simply
amazed at the speed and efficiency, particularly of the mass feeding operations.
Mr. Walkup made the remark that if
Orange County has an emergency, they
will have to look to the methods used
by J ehovah's witnesses in feeding large
crowds.
Actually, the well-organized assemblies
of Jehovah's witnesses have become a pattern imitated by many others, as the
Evansville Press of August 19, 1967, observed: 11Parts of the system for organizing mass conventions developed by the
Witnesses have been copied by branches
of the armed forces, cities for civil defense programs and other organizations
which have large conventions."
example, one of the owners of the Princess home while he was gone. No doubt he felt
Cafe in Rochester, Minnesota, observed the house safer with Jehovah's witnesses
that when he gives people too much living in it than it would be unattended!
change or undercharges them they keep
their "mouths shut," but Jehovah's wit- 1nvestigate f o1 Yourself
nesses always make it a point to call his
If you have not attended an entire asattention to these errors.
sembly of Jehovah's witnesses, do so at
Such honesty is truly a marvel to many your next opportunity. Investigate for
persons. At the assembly at Brockville, yourself. See that there truly is a spirit
Ontario, a Witness went to make a pur- of peace and unity existing among them
chase in a local store,
that is not found elsewhere. See if your
only to find that her
.ATICLES 1!1.
wallet "vas missing
reaction is not simiA Letter to Mother About Christrnas .
from her purse. She
lar to that of a local
Sleep-That Wonderful Gift.
explained to the
businessman who rePart-Tirne Work for Full - Time M inisters.
clerk that perhaps
marked
seriously afS~lectlng Toys for Your C hildren.
she had accidentally
ter a visit to the
dropped it at the asShreveport assem sembly place, and hurried back to see if bly: "You people have something I cerit had been turned in to the Lost and tainly wish that I had." He gladly welFound Department. It was t here. She re- comed a visit of one of Jehovah's
turned to the same store to complete her witnesses, who offered to show him how
purchase, and the clerk was amazed that the Bible really can have such a fine_effect
the wallet had been found and turned in, on people.
rather than stolen.
In another instance, a family in SweThis reputation for honesty has won den happened to drive through one of the
much respect for Jehovah's witnesses, assembly towns on their way home from
making them welcomed guests during vacation. They observed the placards adtheir frequent assemblies. In Nanaimo, vertising the assembly, and went to the
British Columbia, one motel owner went evening meeting. It pleased them so much
on vacation during the recent "Disciple- that they changed their plans and attended
making" assembly there, since his motel the rest of the assembly program. But
was filled with Jehovah's witnesses and he that is not all; when they reached their
was confident that he could trust them. home outside Stockholm, they phoned the
He said that this was the first time in Watch Tower headquarters in the city and
years that he had been able to go on a asked that a regular Bible study be held
vacation with his mind at ease.
with them by Jehovah's wit.<1esses. They
In Shreveport, Louisiana, just a few days had seen enough to know that they wanted
before the assembly was to begin, a law- to know more.
yer called the convention rooming headIf you love righteousness, if you appre
quarters and explained that he had a large ciate fine Christian conduct, then you owe
home and would be happy to provide ac- it to yourself to assemble with Jehovah's
commodations for any who needed them. witnesses. At least investigate. See that
He said that he would leave the keys with there are indeed people who practice Bible
his secretary, and to make use of the principles.
NOVEMBER 22, 1961
25
JJ/BBRJfossi/Cem
26
REAT learning is held out by educators as the thing of highest impot'tar.ce because of its advantages in acquiring wealth. However, the Bible, by reason
of its divine \Visdom, puts the emphasis,
not on great learning, but on a good heart
condition, which manifests itself in such
qualities as obedience and humility. It
counsels: "More than all else that is to be
guarded, safeguard your heart, for out of
it are the sources of Iife."-Prov. 4:23.
We have an object lesson of this in Saul,
the first human king of all Israel. Although starting out most promising!~, he
came to a tragic end because of a failure
to safeguard his heart. Saul is introduced
to us in the Bible as an obedient youth,
keenly concerned about his father's interests-in particular, certain she-asses that
had strayed. He also appears as a modest
youth, for when told that he was chosen
t o be head of Israel he replied: "Am I not
a Benjaminite of the smallest of the tribes
of Israel, and my family the most insignificant of all the families of the tribe of
Benjamin? So why have you spoken to me
a thing like this?"-1 Sam. 9:21.
Apparently because of his great modesty
Saul was given repeated encouragement,
both by the prophet Samuel and by supernatural events, including the gift of prophesying. Still he was so shy that when the
time came to make him king he was
found hiding among the luggage. No doubt
his having been chosen by lot, his impres-
28
Drought-Floods
~ A
Polish delegate to a
Juvenile Crime Prevention
Conference in London admitted
frankly that the problem was
getting out of hand in Warsaw.
There is a rea l war being
waged, he said. What alarms
the police is not only the statistical increase, but the fact
that senseless, motiveless
crim es a re commonplace. The
London Express Service says:
"From Oslo to Marseilles,
London to Athens, vandalism
and thuggery, often without
g ain, are the biggest and most
puzzling headaches." In Hoi
land, detectives are finding
stolen arms in the leather
jackets of 16-year-olds. In
Germany, youths are slashing
auto tires. In London, they are
smashing telephone booths. In
Rome, they are spraying autos
with stolen aerosol cans of
purple paint and drop sugar
cubes in the gas tanks. In
Sweden, teen-agers sank eleven
yachts and motor cruisers this
summer. Dr. Alvarez Pinar, a
S panish welfare expert,
touched on the cause, as he saw
it: "Delinquent children are
almost always the fault of
their parents. Maybe one day
when parents are punished we
will really make progress."
Killer Bees
~ Some years ago an Italian
strain of bees was imported
from southern Africa to Brazil
to improve Brazilian honey.
A published Reuters report,
dated September 14, said the
bees went on a rampage in the
town of Salgueiro near Recife,
Brazil, and stung to death a
former mayor, forty chickens,
four turkeys and four pigeons.
No immediate explanation
could be given for this ferocious attack.
29
Electronic Aids
~ Modern electronic aids are
used in thousands of hospitals
throughout the world. While
many of them have proved
useful, nevertheless they have
also become a deadly threat to
both patients and staff, saicl
Dr. Carl W. Walter, of Pete1
Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Walter
estimates that 1,200 persons
died in United States hospitals
last year from electric shocks.
Dr. Walter said that medical
authorities have tried to accumulate statistics on the subject.
But hospitals, doctors and
insurance companies "all try to
.hide their dirty linen," anr.l
there was no way to make au
accurate count o.t fa talities.
Highway D isasters
30
Ou.ija Boards
~ Last year saw a great de
mand for ouija boards. Parker
B ro thers says ouija sales are
now running at the rate of
2,000,000 boards a year against
1,750,000 Monopoly sets. Parke t
says this ls the first time
Monopoly sales have been sur
passed smce the game was
introduced thirty-two years
ago. Ouija boards are used to
make contact with the "spirit
world," a form of demonism.
"Watch birds"
~ The Baltimore Zoo has been
having its problems with vandals. In the early part of
October zoo director Arthur B.
Abortion 1\fllls
T ime magazine reports that
Miami, Florida, has become
America's abortion mecca, with
about 30 abortion mills taking
an estimated $20 million after
~
AWAKE!
Why, then, are there such divisive barriers throughout the world? Will they
ever be broken down to unite all men
into one family? What can you do, what
must you do, now t o share in the blessings promised by God to those who
have his good will? Read the revealing
and rewarding 416-page book L ife Eve1lasti ng- in F1eedom of t he Sons of God.
B R 0 0 K l Y N, N. Y. l 1 2 0 1
Please send me at once the hardbound book L i.fe Everlasti1117-in F'Teedom of the So>1s of God.
I am enclosing 50c. For mailing the coupon I am to r~eive free the 32-page booklet When An
Ki-ngdo-li~.
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:n
's
f Jeh
Wherever you go around
the world the good news
of God's kingdom is being preached. And every
year thousands of
honest-hearted persons
are becoming acquainted
with the blessings that
kingdom will bring to
mankind in our generation. Their experiences
will lift up your spirits
and renew your faith.
Read this stimulating report and share the joys
of these happy praisers
of the true God, Jehovah.
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32
AWAKE!
Full~ Time
Ministers
DECEMBER 8, 1967
PUBI.ISR&D SeMIMONTHLY BY
4,800,000
En~:nl~~~~~~C:U:~:I\'. 7
7/6
Ht'<l Zealand, 621 :o;,... North 11<1.. ,\u~and S.'n. 3
7 ~e
Sotlh Alrlea, Prf.,.te Sag 2. P.O. l:lanGsfo&!t!~. Td.
70c
<Monthly edltlens <14'1 kall tho abo, e rat.,.)
Rollllttancu lor rub!U1J>tl00l stould be .ec: 1.0 !.be oCl~< In
your count11. OthtAI8e atnd rwr r<mluaoce 1.0 Broo~ l)rn.
Nolleo or ftxplratlon Is st<lt u lt<t two lsrut> beron:
wb!crlpUoa <J<Pir<S.
:llalual:un, t'oll5b,
TamU. l.llrabhll.
CHANG1\ OF ADDRESS sho14 r ..ch 11 t-'riY 4_,.
beloro ,.., II!OYin9 datt. Glu yo.r old anf ""
addre.. <If p..slblo, ,.., old address lahll. Write
I
~--~~~---.---~~~~~~---'
Stcondclass portf.;e p&Jd at Srookl;n, /(. Y.
Prtnttd ln u.S.A.
ne B'-le tranliMinr. ltlalorly nse4 In " Awah!" is t~e H<!ll Wor ld Translation of the Holr Scriptms, 1961 edltl;n.
When othe,r translollons aro aS<d, this Is clearly malted.
CONTENTS
A Letter to Mother About Ch ristmas
Perfection of the Living Cell
Sleep-That Wonderful Gift
Part-Time Work for Full-Time Ministers
Tombs of an Island People
"The Greater Mys tery"
New Facilities for Expansion
ln Sierra Le<>ne
3
7
21
24
:.t:)
19
27
20
29
...
J.0
17
Volume XLVIII
Number 23
A LETTER TO MOTHER
ABOUT~tma$~~~
It's true, we are young and we do Ilke
fun. But let me tell you how Tim and I
I hope you're well. We're all just fine. feel. When we became Jehovah's witnesses,
Mother, I have a special purpose in writ- we didn't make changes in our life and
ing you this letter. I'm sure you remember habits just because somebody told us to.
my telling you when Tim and I were bap- Every change we made in thinking or actized as Jehovah's witnesses that we tion was the result of personal research.
wouldn't be celebrating Christmas any- We wanted to make sure there was good
more, but I don't believe I made it clear reason to make the change. Tim did a lot
as to why. I'd like to explain thoroughly of searching in the library and I've done
in order to a void any misunderstandings quite a bit myself.
between us and keep the warm relationJesus' Birth Not in Winter
ship we have always enjoyed.
I'd like to share with you some of the
Let me say at the outset that I think
things
our personal research revealed on
I understand how you feel on the matter.
the
matter
of Christmas. An obvious obYou see the gift giving and warm spirit.
jection
is
the
date. I k now you already reYou see the fun for old and young alike;
alize
that
Jesus
wasn't born on Decembet
and you reason that it's connected with
25th
because
you've
sent me news clippings
the churches, and if it were wrong they'd
that
admit
it.
The
clippings,
however, endknow it. And you may think, 'After all,
ed
with
the
thought
that
'the
date isn't
so many people celebrate it. Everybody
important;
it's
the
spirit
of
the
thing
that
but Jehovah's witnesses can't be wrong!'
counts.'
You'd like your daughter to join the fun.
I'd like to start with the date firs t,
Maybe you're even a bit afraid she's making an ascetic of herself and not enjoying though. The life account of Jesus in the
life as you want her to.
Gospels shows he was on earth thirty-
':Dear cm.otlte,.,
DECEMBER 8, 1961
Well, then, where did the Christmas celebration come from? A study of history
forces us to conclude that it was from false
religion, which God detests. A newspaper
reporter did research for the San Juan
Stat and came up with this information,
which was printed December 24, 1962:
"The anniversary of the birth of Christ
was not celebrated until the fourth century A.D. . . . December 24th or 25th,
however, was finally chosen as the official
birthday of Christ. The ancient Greeks
and Romans as well as the Huns, Goths,
Teutons, and Celts celebrated the birth of
the unconquered sun on those days. . . .
The Greeks celebrated the re-birth of Dionysus in mid-winter.... The bringing of
gifts to the child-God Eros was part of
the Dionysian festival. Christmas is indeed
an ancient festival with pagan roots. . ..
Yes, Christmas is a pagan holiday."
You're probably wondering, now, that
if this is true, then why was this pagan
festival embraced by Christendom? Sir
James Frazer, a historian, sheds some
light in his book, The Golden Baugh. He
explains : "Taken altogether, the coincidences of the Christian and heathen festivals are too close and too numerous to be
accidental. They mark the compromise
which the Church in the hour of its triwnph was compelled to make with its
vanquished yet still dangerous rivals."
There, that's the crux of the matter! The
Roman people had the pagan traditions so
deeply ingrained that when the Roman
Catholic Church took power and began
ruling, she, in order to solidify her power
and prevent the people from revolting,
took in the existing pagan feasts and cele.1 W AK E I
coholics and their families have an especially rough time of it because the Christmas spirit so often comes in bottles. One
family counselor estimates that this problem alone poses potential trouble for some
3,500,000 families annually, and the lipstick worn home from the office party disturbs millions more."
Since Christmas is supposed to be celebrated to give honor to Christ, I'm sure
you'll agree that its spirit should mirror
the spirit of Christianity. If we were to
define the spirit of Christianity, surely
truth would be an important facet of it,
wouldn't it? I'm thinking of Ephesians 4:
25 and 1 Timothy 4:7: "Now that you
have put away falsehood, speak truth each
one of you with his neighbor." "Turn
down the false stories which violate what
is holy."
But does an examination of Christmas
reveal truth? Let's just review for a moment some of the points in the quotations
I have looked up for you. First, its date
is false, and many encyclopedias, besides
mentioning that the celebration honored
Eros and Dionysus who were false gods~
also mention Mithras who was a false
messiah. There is, besides, the glaring
Does It Reflect Christianity'?
falsehood of Santa Claus, to mention but
What about the sentiments expressed in a few. Could anyone, after sincere considyour newspaper clippings to me that it is eration of all this, honestly say that Jesus
the spirit that counts? The traditional Christ would want to be associated with
spirit of cheery goodwill and sincere gen- such a celebration? I can't believe he
.erosity is very idealist ic indeed, but don't would, can you?
you agree that the following excerpt from
So if the date doesn't count, but the
the December 21, 1962, Time magazine is spirit does, I certainly feel that Christmas
a more realistic description of the yule- is condemned just as surely, don't you,
tide spirit? "Beginning about Thanksgiv- after thinking it over?
ing, family quarrels become fiercer, relaHowever, in all fairness, perhaps we
tions with relatives become more strained, should consider whether it could be retradesmen assume a forced friendliness, formed. Many times we hear the slogan,
and. the dispenser of holiday cheer begins "Let's put Christ back into Christmas."
to feel there is not an honestly cheery What, then, if the celebration were
face to be found anywhere. . . . Part of changed from the pagan December 25th
the strain, of course, is financial. ... Al- to an October date? What if the Santa
. DECEMBER 8, 1967
sally celebrated. Early Americans who have with idols? . . . 'Therefore get out
were endeavoring to live in accord with from among them, and separate yourGod's Word did not celebrate the holiday, selves,' says Jehovah, 'and quit touching
and in 1659 they actually passed a law for- the unclean thing'; 'and I will take you
bidding its celebration. Look magazine of in.' "
December 31, 1963, comments on this:
Putting pure water in a contaminated
"Christmas itself did not have the same glass doesn't make the glass clean, does it?
hold on youthful America that it did later. It contaminates the water. It is easy to
In early New England, celebrations wen~ see that trying to put the honoring of
forbidden by law because the Puritans Christ within a pagan framework has the
were offended by the pagan origin of many same effect; it contaminates the honor.
Christmas customs." Early Americans, It's significant that God doesn't suggest,
however, were not the first to forbid the he commands us-((Quit touching the unobserving of Christmas. "In Cromwell's clean thing/'
time," Maclean's magazine of January 6,
That is what Tim and I have done. We
1962, observes, "the Puritan Church of wish you and Tim's family and everyone
England not only ignored the so-called else we know would 'quit touching it'; but
birthday of Jesus, but prosecuted any UTI- we can't force you, and we would never
regenerated souls who dared to keep it in try. By the same token, we hope all of you
secret."
will respect om consciences and not try to
force us back into what we have quit do
B i ble B asis for Deci sion
ing. Even though we are young, our faith
These people felt strongly about it, is based on knowledge, not emotion; so
didn't they? They were not halfhearted in you need not be anxious in our behalf. We
their abhorrence, but they took it as a don't miss the once-a-year "fun" of Christserious matter. Further research, this time mas. Serving God as Jehovah's witnesses,
in the Bible, will, I think, reveal why. The ;ve have a year-round joy that more than
early Protestants were Bible readers. They compensates.
knew what God's Word says about taking
I hope this letter will bring us even
part in anything that has to do with false closer together. If two people understand
religion. It is worthy of note how clear the each other and how they think and why
Scriptures are in condemning any mixing they think that way, it can't help but bring
of false religion and t he true. Consider stronger bonds between them, can .it? .
2 Corinthians 6:14-17: "What fellowship
Lots of love,
does light have w.ith darkness? Further,
what harmony is there between Chr ist and
~our daut]lt t er
Belial [Satan] ? Or what portion does a
[This is taken from en act ua l letter written by
faithful person have with an unbeliever? a missionary in Laos to her mother in the United
And what agreement does God's temple Stales.]
reliability in performing
simple tasks. Their memory faltered. They had nonsensical thoughts and a
sense of disorientation.
Their behavior resembled
drunkenness, because they
mumbled, sl urred their
words, rambled in their
speech with repetitions and
mispronunciations, fell up
and down imaginary stairs and curbs and
walked into walls with their eyes wide
open.
One scientist had a volunteer in a sleepdeprivation experiment who had the hallucination of smoke that changed to a fine
spray rising from the floor. Another found
that 70 percent of his 350 subjects had
auditory or visual changes after 40 hours
of sleeplessness. They heard imaginary
dogs barking and roosters crowing. Such
experiments in sleep deprivation have
shown that adults can become temporarily
unbalanced mentally from a severe loss of
sleep. In the space of 100 hours a person
can become delirious.
Sleep has a restorative effect on the
mind and body that renews our well-being,
efficiency and energy. When a doctor had
scores of persons complaining to him about
being tired, tense and run-down, he found
that an increase in their sleep relieved
them of these symptoms. In one investigaAWAKE :
10
I have seen exceptions when gradual lightening from stages D or E to A has taken
a full minute after some stimulus has initiated the process. Shifts to deeper stage<>
take place gradually."
A cycle from light sleep to deep sleep
and back to light sleep may last about
ninety minutes and then begin again. It
is during the early descent that a person
usually experiences a jerk of the body
which appeal'S to be a sign of neural
changes in the brain in the course of the
descent. It is a phenomenon of very light
sleep only and is experienced by everyone,
although a person may not remember it.
Some persons experience the sensation of
falling at this stage or some variety of
sensory shock such as a brick hurtling
toward their face, a sudden halt to a fall,
a ft.ash of light or a sudden sound. These
are commonplace experiences.
Stages D and E are especially importanr
stages because in these a person gets the
fully restorative effect of sleep. They are
the phases that are made up first after a
person has been totally without sleep for
a period of time. Also of great importance
is stage B, during which there are rapid
eye movements with vivid dreams. This
is called the REM period, the initials standing for "rapid eye movements."
In the lower stages of sleep bodily temperature and blood pressure decline. By
4 a.m. to 6 a.m. bodily temperature reaches its lowest point and then begins to rise
until it reaches its high point in the late
afternoon. We feel the sleepiest and the
most relaxed at the low point of this temperatme cycle, and this is the reason why
persons having trouble sleeping usually fall
off to sleep at this time in the morning.
Sleep also brings on a slowing of the heart.
Dreams
For about two hours every night, researchers say, everyone dreams, notwithAW.AK E
standing claims that some make that they ry about not sleeping and worry, in turn,
never dream. They do dream but forget causing sleeplessness.
about it. Everyone fails to remember most
Some persons become so concerned
of his dreams. The dream that is remem- about not being able to sleep that they
bered is likely to be the last dream of the make a habit of taking sleeping pills. This
night, in the REM or light stage of sleep, is a grave mistake. A chemical that afjust before awakening. This one may have fects the brain can have undesirable side
lasted for forty minutes. Approximately effects on the nervous system. Using a
70 to 90 percent of all dreaming occurs in sleeping drug regularly or using it in comthis stage. Dreams in other stages are bination with some other drug that atiect.!;
likely to be more thoughtful and less t he nervous system is tampering with that
absurd.
system, and the result may not be what
Dreaming is considered to be very nec- was intended.
Losing a night's sleep should not be alessary for a person's mental welfare. A
study by Dr. William
lowed to cause undue
Dement revealed
concern. This is a
ARTICLES IN THE NEXT ISSUE
that a condition of
common occurrence
How Do You React to Succes~?
in the highly tense
acute anxiety, inita What Does God Receive fron You?
way of life that peobility and loss of the
The Splendor of Winter.
ple live today. Some
ability to concentrate
Keep It Cold! Keep It Hot! Keep It Clean!
persons have found it
develops when a perhelpful to count
son is deprived of
dreams. He observed: "We believe that if sheep when they have difficulty going to
anybody were deprived of dreams long sleep. Anything that tends to be monotoenough, it might result in some sort of nous can cause sleepiness. Others are aided
catastrophic breakdown." This need for by drinking some warm milk, taking a
dreaming is a good reason to avoid the warm bath or doing some reading. These
frequent use of sleep-producing drugs, as aids are not likely to give much help to
they tend to suppress the REM period of the person who is awake because of worry
sleep, during which most dreaming is done. rather than just plain tension. The best
sleep aid he can get is from changing his
mental attitude.
Difficulty in Sleeping
The person that has difficulty sleeping
Instead of repeatedly telling himself that
need not feel that he is the only one with he must get some sleep, which keeps rethat problem. Insomnia is often called the minding him that he is not sleeping, he
typical American ailment because so many should tell himself to relax and that he
Americans suffer from it. In one investiga- does not care whether he sleeps or not, betion 52 percent of those interviewed said cause he can get a lot of rest by just lying
they had trouble sleeping. Among the vari- quietly in bed, enjoying the restful relaxaous causes of insomnia is anxiety. It in- tion it provides. This indifferent attitude
creases tension and prevents the body overcomes his anxiety about not sleeping,
from relaxing, which is necessary for de- allowing him to relax. Gradually the door
scending into sleep. What further aggra- to natural sleep will open for him.
vates a sleepless condition is worry over
Waking up occasionally during the night
the failure to sleep. Thus an endless cycle is to be expected because of the up and
is started, with sleeplessness causing war- down cycles a person goes through when
DECEMBER 8, 1967
11
12
Part-Time
Work
for
Full-Time
Ministers
S~ggestions on how
to maintain oneself in
the pioneer ministry
13
14
15
Su.ggestions
Pioneers offer many valuable suggestions that may help you to get part-time
work. For example, a pioneer who works
as a waitress says: "I learned from working that it pays to tell your employer in
the beginning what you will do and what
you will not do, because of your ministerial obligations." Another pioneer advises: "Choose only the better restaurants.
They pay better." Another writes: "If your
present job is not just what you want,
establish yourself first before suggesting
that you want a change. And it is good
to have written references when you go
job hunting." "Do not just quit: Let your
employer know you want part-time work
and the reason why you do. He might
make an adjustment." Civil service hires
people to work part time at the Post
Office.
Domestic work is also fine for pioneering. Writes a pioneer: "I began by placing cards on supermarket bulletin boards
Working as companionhousekeeper
Cleaning telephone booths
Bi lling for trucking firm
Serving as bus boy In
steak house
Painting houses
Clea ning and waxing floors
Cleaning windows in new
homes
Harvesting nuts
Raising cucumbers
Distributing cosmetics
Selling shoes
Digging graves
Baby-sitting at hotels
Folding linen at hospital
Cleaning rest rooms In .gas
stations
Bookkeeping, accounting
Servicing cash registers
Working as cosmetologist
Repairing transmissions
Doing work as draftsman
Nursing
cutting pulp wood
Picking up garbage
Repairing television sets
Maintaining musical Instruments
Welding
Radio announcing
Pioneers stress the importance of asking at the very outset for employment that
will not interfere unduly with the ministry. There is also the matter of being able
to distinguish between what one truly
needs and what one desires, the jobs one
would like to have and the work that is
available. Pioneers are not interested in
accumulating material wealth. They .are
content with the needed food and covering.
Rather than building their lives around
their secular work, they keep their ministry in first place. Of greatest importance
to them is the service of God.
"Let YOlr manne? of life be t ree of the love of money, while yau are
content with the p1esent things. For [God] has said: 'I will by no
means leave yau no1 by any means {o1sake yau.' "-Heb. 13:5.
16
AWAKE!
of on
tstnnn
PEOPLE
By "Awakt l''
correspondent
in Okinawa
Ancient Traditions
It is generally accepted that the art of
making these strange tombs was introduced from China some five centuries ago.
17
IS
west of Naha, and it is called the "Kochimunchu" tomb. It houses the remains of
reputable members of the munchu or clan
of the KoehL The fom smaller structures
forming a line in front of the main tomb
contain the remains of deceased members
of the various branches of the KochimW1chu. After the remains have continued
for three years in the smaller-type tomb,
the bones are removed, scraped and
washed, and placed in a burial urn, which,
in turn, is introduced into the Toshi-baka
or main tomb.
Another interesting feature: When a
family member lives beyond the fourscore
years, he is, at death, immediately buried
in the permanent tomb. This is considered
a great honor to the entire family, On the
other hand, those bringing disgrace on the
clan are not even buried within the enclosure, but are buried in small individual
tombs outside the wall.
In recent years cremation has become
increasingly popular. Thus the people are
able to dispense with the bone-cleaning
ceremony. The remains of cremated bodies
are put into urns and then placed in the
tombs. From time to time more room in
t he tomb is made by emptying some of the
older urns behind the altar situated inside
the tomb. Okinawans think of the spacious tomb as a place where many generations enjoy a reunion.
Tomb Ceremonies
In common with the pagan idea that is
so widespread, the islanders feel that their
ancestors are still alive in another realm.
Thus t hey periodically honor the dead by
special observances. Vlhen a death occurs
in a family, the survivors celebrate every
seventh day during a period of forty-nine
days, bringing food offerings to the t omb.
In some cases the celebration is conducted
in the home, most families having an altarAWA KE.'
like arrangement called a butsu.dan. The ligions, such as Taoism, Shintoism, Budname of the deceased one is written on the dhism and Confucianism, have produced a
altar, and thereafter the aid of such dead number of modifications in burial practice.
one is sought on behalf of the living. Oth- Nevertheless, whether they call it anceser similar ceremonies are held on the first, tor worship or simply respect toward the
third, seventh, thirteenth, twenty-fifth and dead, a belief in the powerful influence of
thirty-third anniversaries of the death.
a realm of the dead is still strong.
In Okinawa there is a general festival
Though customs and traditions die hard,
observed from July 13 to 15 in honor of it is truly gladdening to see a growing
the beloved dead. It is called the 0-bon number of Okinawans who have learned
Festival. It "is celebrated as a reunion of from the Word of God, the Holy Bible,
the living with the spirits of the dead. Its that it is vain to seek help from the dead
purpose is to perpetuate the memory of who are unconscious and will remain so
ancestors and to stimulate ancestor wor- until called forth from their tombs in the
ship and filial piety, and it is based on the resurrection. (Eccl. 9:5, 10) They have
belief that spirits of the dead ancestors read the pertinent questions recorded by
return to the world of the living to be en- God's prophet: "Is it not to its God that
tertained by those still alive."-Customs any people should apply? Should there be
and Culture o.f Okinawa) Gladys Zabilka, application to dead persons in behalf of
p. 110.
living persons?"-Isa. 8:19.
Testifying to the fact that many OkinaPrior to this festival the sacred tombs
are tidied and made ready for the occa- wans have found the right answers to
sion. Whole families assemble in the en- those questions, many are truly finding
closed areas in front of the tombs, and comfort in the knowledge of God's promspecial offerings are made. It is felt that ised new order of things under which there
good association is enjoyed between the will be a grand reunion of deceased ancesliving and the spirits of their ancestors. tors with those then living. Many are takFamilies often build their lives around ing the right steps to bring their lives into
these observances. From infancy they have harmony with the righteous requirements
been inculcated with a deep respect for of Jehovah God and are entertaining the
their elders and dead ancestors, with the hope of being on hand at that grand reresult that family ties remain strong union with the resurrected dead.-John
among them. Various of the Oriental re- 5:28, 29.
Many persons dogmatically state that the evolution of life from il1animate
matter to man has been verified by established facts. How substantial is the evidence? The Evansville, Indiana, Pr ess of October 7, 1966, reported: "Apparently
(life) started with the animation of a single cell, .. . 'The cell had life, and to
this day we don't know where it came from,' Dr. Otto M. Lilien, chairman of the
urology department of Upstate Medical Center in New York, said . . . But the
greater mystery, said Lilien and several other scientific speakers, is how that
single cell developed into a man." After more than a century of investigation
evolution is still seen to have as its basis speculation and pyramiding hypotheses,
not conclusions based on the facts of science. But the Bible's account of creation
has been verified by established facts.
DECEMBER 8, 1967
19
FOR EXPANSION
~~-
20
AWAKE!
HINK of the investment. The American family spends an average of some $40
a year on toys! In the last twenty years
the toy industry has practically quadrupled in
the United States~ with sales at retail prices
presently running close to two thousand million dollars annually! Other countries, too,
have widely expanded their toy production.
Germany, in fact, was the early pioneer in
toy manufacturing, causing one toy historian
to write in 1928: "It would almost seem as if
in this field Germany has a greater intuitive
understanding of the needs of the child than
has her neighbours. That she has fow1d the
true key to the hearts of children of every nationality is proved by the unparalleled spread
of her toys over the whole world."
Even today one of the most important shopping centers of the world for the toy industry
is Nuremberg, Germany. In recent years well
over a thousand firms from some twenty-five
countries have exhibited their wares at the
International Toy Fair held in Nuremberg
e~ch February. And like other big businesses,
the toy industry has begun to advertise its
many products widely, spending more than $45
million in a recent year in the United States
on TV advertising alone!
With hundreds of different kinds of toys
often on display in a store, selecting one for
a youngster can prove no easy matter. Which
toy will he like? Is its cost a determining factor? Are all toys good for children? Are there
dangerous features for which to watch? Really, is it important for children to have toys?
Did children in earlier generations have them?
Who started the idea of playing with toys?
DECEMBIJJR 8, 1961
FOR YOUR
CHILDREN
The Universality of Toys
21
22
23
that your children will appreciate most injure the child. Metal toys, for instance,
are ones you can make. True, they may may have sharp edges, or they may bend,
be simple, but really that is what chil- break or rust and constitute a real dandren especially like, allowing them to fill ger to a younger child. Poor-quality paint
in details with their fertile imaginations. may chip easily or be poisonous. So be
For example, one woman explained con- sure that the paint is nontoxic and of good
cerning the favorite toy around their quality. It is also important always to examine for parts that may come off and
home:
It "has been a cardboard 'house' my be swallowed, or which could inflict inhusband made out of a big packing car- jury. Eyes, ears or other such parts should
ton. He carved two windows on opposite be impossible to remove by a child.
In short, it is better to have a few ap-
sides and double swinging doors at one
end. Two cannister knobs made good door propriate toys of good quality than many
handles. A light bulb with a chain through toys that are cheaply made, or ones that
the roof gave it a very elegant touch, in are inappropriate. Poorly made toys that
the eyes of the children. And the only break easily not only can prove dangerous,
other additions were two shoe boxes: one but may frustrate a child's wish to develcut to perch on the slanting roof for a op skills in handling toys. They can actualchimney, the other taped under one win- ly destroy his respect for them.
dow on the outside for a mailbox.
Parents who are trying to rear their
"We have often thought of painting or children as Christians find that quite a
shellacking this playhouse, of curtaining number of toys today are inappropriate,
the windows, even furnishing it. However, especially if their use violates Bible prin-..
the children prefer it as is. It has been, ciples. For example, playing with toys
by turns, a house, a doghouse, a boat, a that are imitations of weapons designed to
car, a school, a hospital, an office, a store, kill others is not in keeping with the Bible
an airplane, a cave, a clubhouse, a jail, admonition: "A slave of the Lord does not
a submarine, a fire station, an Indian tent, need to fight, but needs to be gentle
a palace, a rocket ship, and probably many toward all."-2 Tim. 2 :24.
other things we were not told about."
Since toys play an important part in the
This certainly illustrates that an un- development of a young child, parents.
specific toy, one which has many possible should wisely determine which ones will
uses, is the type that young children like be most appropriate for their children. It
the most and that interests them t he is not the cost of a toy or how fancy or
longest.
up-to-date it is that determines its value.
Rather, it is simple toys that allow a child
Safety and Quality
to do something with them, ones that perWhether you make or purchase a toy mit him to exercise his imagination in usyou should be alert that it can in no way ing them, that are the best.
During the days of Emperor Trajan the Roman Empire reached its
greatest size, covering about 2,500,000 square miles. Hence, that renowned world empire covered less area than the continent of Australia.
24
AWAKE.'
By "Awake!"
correspondent
in Finland
ALL modesty
people
IlayNFinnish
no claim to having invented the
sauna or steam
bath. In fact, they
are likely to point
out that the Scythians of old had a
primitive kind of steam bath, and even
the American Indians submitted to purification rites that took the form of the
steam bath. However, in Finland this type
of bathing has been developed and popularized to the point where today there is
one sauna for every seven to twelve persons in the whole land.
What is this sauna? What is so distinctive about it? If you have never visited
one nor availed yourself of this traditional
mark of Finnish hospitality, you will find
it interesting to explore. And even if you
have enjoyed the relaxation of the sauna
built right into some modern apartment in
your own home city, you may not know
about the customary sauna of the Finnish
rural citizen.
In this land of a thousand lakes the
sauna is constructed close to the edge of
the lake wherever possible, for, unlike the
Scythians who liked steam but disliked
water, the Finns consider water bathing
to be the necessary sequel to the steam
bath. In earlier times the bathhouse was
built wholly or partly underground. However, today it takes the form of a rough
log cabin, usually lined with unfinished,
unpainted boards.
Often it has a small anteroom with a
wooden bench along one wall, and above
it are hooks upon which the bather may
hang his clothes. On the other side is a
0
DECEMfJER 8, 1961
26
AWAKE!
11
anything here to suggest that his return
That the apostle Paul did not expect
would be visible? No, for it is not to be to see Christ come in the flesh visibly is
expected that the "throne of his glory" further indicated at 2 Corinthians 5:16,
would be moved to the ear'"t.h, nor would A V: "Though we have known Christ after
men in the flesh, particularly the goatlike the flesh, yet now henceforth know ~
ones, expect to appear before the throne him no more [after the flesh)." Sil).ce
in heaven. (1 Cor. 15:50) Thus, again, the Christ Jesus had yielded up his fleshly
turning of Christ's judicial attention to body in sacrifice for the sins of believing
the earth is indicated rather than a visible humans, and was resurrected a spirit
coming.
creature, invisible, he could therefore de8 Note again that expression "when the
clare positively: "The world seeth me no
'
Son of man shall come in his glory:" This more."- John 14:19, AV.
12 So Christ's return is to be understood
refers to the time when Jehovah, following
J esus' long wait at his right hand, grants as his turning attention to matters on
him Kingdom power and issues to his Son earth at the time when his heavenly Fa~
the command : "Rule thou in the midst ther gives him the go-ahead signal to asof thine enemies." (Ps. 110:1, 2, AV) sume his role as King. Bible chronology
There is no thought here of a visible re- points to the year 1914 C.E. as the
turn to earth by Jesus.-Dan. 7: 13, 14.
for that great event, and developments on
9
But what, you may inquire, about the earth since then have been in striking fl,liBible texts that speak of every eye seeing fillment of Jesus' prophecies about his rethe return of the Lord- texts such as turn and the near end of this wicked sysMatthew 24:30 and Revelation 1:7? In
tem of things.-Matt. 24:3, 7-22; Luke
both instances the verb "see" is used. Ac21:10-33.
cording to a well-known Greek-English
Lexicon, the original Greek term here
could also have the following meaning:
"Metaphorically, . . . of mental sight, to Ca n you a nswer these questions? For answers,
read the a rt'lcle above.
discern, perceive." Thus these texts do
(1)
Why
have
Bible-believing persons expected
not support the idea of visible presence.
the
return
or
Jesus
Christ? ( 2 l It Christ's return
10
Helping us understand the manner of were to be visible, would the disciples have need
Christ's coming are the words of an angel of a "sign"? ( 3) Did Jesus say that "the world"
recorded at Acts 1: 11, A V: "Ye men of would see him again? ( 4) According to
1 Corinthians 15:45, 49., what was the expectaGalilee, . . . this same Jesus, which is tion
of the first-century Christians? {5) Did the
taken up from you into heaven, shall so disciples expect Jesus at his return to become
come in like manner as ye have seen him like them, fleshly humans? ( 6) In what way,
go into heaven." The manner of his going then, does the lord 'descend from heaven'?
( 7) Would Christ's return to separate and
into heaven could be described as unob- judge as between "sheep" and "goats" have
t.J;"usive, without fanfare, witnessed only by to be a visibie return? { 8) What is meant by
a few select witnesses. Similarly, his com- the Son of man's 'coming in his glory'? ( 9)
the Bible speaks of 'every eye seeing him,'
ing is to be discerned at first only by a When
does this necessarily refer to literal vision?
few watching ones, and only later per- ( 1 0) How can we explain Christ's return as beceived by the mu~titude, even by his ene- . ing "in like manner as ye have seen him go"?
( 11) According to 2 Corinthians 5:16, did
mies, when world developments force it the
apostle Paul expect to see Christ in the
upon their attention.-Mark 13:37.
flesh again? ( 12 r How, then, does Christ return?
time
28
AWAKE!
DECEMBER 8, 1961
Rioting in Madrid
~ Anti-government demonstrations erupted again on
October 28 at the campus of
Madrid University and workers
at twenty-one industrial plants
in Madrid began new protest
stoppages. According to the
New York Ti-mes, the outbreak
developed into the most intense
series of political disturbances
in Spain in at least a decade.
Security forces fired their
weapons into the air to disperse
rioters. Several hundred arrests were made. They included
at least four Roman Catholic
priests.
Dlegitlmate Births
~ According to the United
States Health Department, of
153,334 children born last year
in New York city, 22,714 or
14.8 percent were illegitimate.
A total o! 35.4 percent of all
nonwhite births were out of
wedlock, compared with 18.5
percent of Puerto Rican births
and 4.8 pen;ent of white births.
Out-of-wedlock births in the
city increased from 13 percent
of all births in 1965 t o 14.8
percent last year.
Preventing Rh Disease
Freakish Weather
~
29
30
Chur ch Oow1cil
Threat-ens St rike
~ A thirty-member study section on Vietnam at the final
plenary session of the United
States Conference on Church
and Society, on October 26,
urged the National Council
of Churches to make plans for
a one-day nationwide general
strike if the U.S. government
:ntrther escalated the war in
Vietnam. Should the govern
ment escalate the war, the
statement declared, "the
churches must then be prepared to say immediately that
under such circumstances 'business as usual' is no .longer
possible." In the event of such
escalation, the statement said,
religious leaders should "call
upon the people of faith within
thirty-six hours to close their
business and industries, transportation facilities and schools
.for one full day, calling on all
sympathetic citizens to join in
this action."
Bl'ita-in's Abortion Law
~ A bill reforming the law on
abortion in Britain is to become
effective in six months. It will
remove all criminal penalties
for any operation to terminate
pregnancy if it meets the rules
set out in t he bill. The bill
permits abortions if two medi
cal practitioners find that "con
tinuance of pregnancy would
involve risk to the life or of
injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant
woman or the future well-being
of herself and / or the child or
her other children." The new
law's supporters hope to wipe
out the significant incidence of
illegal abortions by back-street
operators. Govemment officials
estimate that 100,000 such
operations are performed each
year.
Smallpox Oases Up
The World Health Or gani
zation officially started its
campaign to eradicate small
pox from the world this year.
It gave itself a decade in which
to do the job. In the first 28
~
AWAK E .'
WATCH T OWE R
1 1 7 ADAM S S T.
(each, SOc): [
DECEMBER 8, 1967
31
Ut&t9
Wod~ 4l~4n&l4tfon
of t.,t t;ofy
Sc~ft'tu~t
WATCHTOWER
8 R0 0 K l Y N, N. Y. 1 1 2 0 1
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(each, $1) 0 English: n Spanish. (Check language) For matllng t.he coupon I am to receive tree a
copy ot the booklet "l'"eace Among R!fen of Good Will"-or Armageddon, Whichl tor each Bible
ordered. I am enclosing ........................
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32
AWAKE!
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CONTENTS
How Do You React to Success?
What Does God Receive from You?
The Splendor of Winter
A Zulu Family Seeks Freedom from
False Religion
Was Jesus Born In December?
Glass in Ancient Times
The Study of Spanish Can Be Fascinating
Crime Repeaters
3
5
9
12
16
16
17
19
20
24
26
Z7
29
AS success crowned
your efforts? If so,
how have you reacted to
it? Did you feel a tinge of
pride, pleased with yomself that things turned out
so well? Or have you kept
humble, modest, appreciative of the fact that it did
not depend entirely upon
what you did?
Success can be attained
in many things, little and
big. A housewife may feel
that success cro~ed her
efforts upon receiving praise for a fine
dinner that she prepared for special guests
or for a special occasion. A student may
experience a like feeling because of graduating at the top of his class in school. .A
Christian minister may feel that success
crowned his efforts upon having given
pleastue, enlightenment and encouragement to many by reason of a stimulating
Bible lecture.
With success there usually goes reward.
It may be the praise of others, or it may
be in the form of some material gain. Then
again it may consist merely of the personal satisfaction derived therefrom. But
regardless of its nature, the question remains: How do we react to it?
.A farmer may feel proud because of having harvested an unusually fine crop of
grain, vegetables or fruit, knowing how
DECEMBER
2~,
1967
Number 24
P.~,
196i
troubles in life, there is a tendency to complain and find fault. Perhaps, at one time
or another, you have spoken disrespectfully of God and expressed dissatisfaction
with his way of handling matters. You no
doubt spoke the way you did due to a lack
of knowledge and understanding. Will God
hold this against you? Elihu observed in
connection with Job: "The legal case is
before him, and so you should wait anxiously for him. And now because his anger has not called for an accounting, he
has also not taken note of the extreme
rashness."-Job 35:14, 15.
How grateful we should be that Jehovah
God is merciful and forgiving! He allows
opportunity, though not endlessly, for persons to repent and change their ways. Job
had, indeed, been mistaken, as Elihu
pointed out: "Job himself opens his mouth
wide simply for nothing; without lmowledge he multiplies mere words." (Job 35:
16) Yet, Job was sincerely repentant, humbly confessing his ignorance in speaking,
saying: ''What shall I reply to you? My
hand I have put over my mouth." "I make
a retraction, and I do repent in dust and
ashes." (Job 40:4; 42:6) What an example Job set! He was indeed a righteous
man who truly loved Jehovah God. And
when his misunderstanding was pointed
out, he took the necessary steps to correct
his way.-Ezek. 14:14; Jas. 5:11.
In this day of unparalleled human suffering when God is often maligned and
misrepresented, you can greatly benefit
from Elihu's inspired words of counsel. As
he emphasized, Jehovah God truly is the
Almighty Supreme One, your grand Maker. Turn to Him. Do not speak against him
hastily in ignorance. Rather, go to his
Word the Bible for instruction and guidance. Learn of his wonderful purposes. See
why he has permitted wickedness temporarily, and rejoice in his sure promise to
wipe it out forever in the near future.
AWAKE .I
OF
lVIN11R
10
<'arth lies beneath its white blanket of big, comfortable chair before a roaring fire
snoi..v, there is little food to be found. with a good book to read is to some perBirds, however, are protected by a mar- sons the pinnacle of Emjoyment. Somehow
velous migration instinct, which directs such activities are alway:; more delightful
them to travel to warmer climates where in winter.
food is available.
True, there are persons who will point
Smaller land animals cannot travel such out that the winter season brings aggravalong distances, yet they, too, are protected tion-that cars are difficult to start, roads
by miraculous instinctive behavior. They are slippery, accidents happen, and people
snuggle up in their nests or burrows, and get wet and catch colds. Yet accidents and
enter a strange deep sleep called hiberna- aggravation can often be avoided if autotion. Even when kept in a laboratory with mobiles are equipped for winter driving,
plenty of light, warmth and food, these or are not used when the weather makes
little animals roll over and go into theii driving hazardous. And if persons are
trancellke sleep with the coming of that properly dressed they are leRs likely to get
particular time in auttmm. This sleep, and wet and catch colds.
i1ow it is triggered, is a mystery to man.
To the contrary, many persons de1ive
A ground squirrel, for example, has a deeper exhilaration and satisfaction from
normal heartbeat of 360 a minute, but dur- a tramp through freshly fallen snow than
ing hibernation it slows to only about they do f1:om an outing at any other time
three a minute. Respiration, too, drops of the year. The pure, brisk air is invigodrastically, from a rate of 100-200 breaths rating and gives them a sense of wella minute to a rate of from one-half to being. And the exquisite shapes of snow,
fow a minute. The body temperature of frost and ice reflect a profound peace that
a hibernator a1so undergoes a startling re- gives genuine refreshment to their souls.
duction. A woodchuck's temperature, for
Thousands of persons have come to wait
instance, slides precipitously from about with keen anticipation for the \vinter cold
97 F. to around 37 F., or a few degrees to fr eeze over ponds, lakes and streams, or
above its surroundings. The marvelously for a load of snow to be dropped on their
slowed-down metabolism of these small favorite hill or slope. Due to the joy afcreatures makes possible their survival forded by such winter sports as ice skatduring winter. The loving Creator has ing, skiing and tobogganing, mvte and
made wonderful provjsion for his cren.~ more persons have come to pl'efer this sealtrres.
son of the year.
There can be no quest.ion about itA Welcome Change
winter has its unique features that truly
For humans, too, w.inter can be a wel- can be enjoyed. It is a splendorous tim(
come change in activity and scenery. What of the year. In the ice and snow and the
a pleasure it is to ga thel:' around a warm, miraculous processes that equip animals
crackling fire in the fireplace! How fasci- comfortably to survive the winter, the
nating the leaping flames or dying em- hand of a wonderful Creator unquestion~
bers are to watch! To gather with fam ily ably can be seen. Of Him the appreciative
or friends at such a time and to pop corn, psalmist sang: "It was you that set up all
sing songs, or to share in some other the boundaries of the earth; summer and
wholesome entertainment, can be truly a winter-you yourself formed t hem."-Ps.
satisfying experience. Or to curl up in a 74:17.
DECEMBER 3_g, 196"1
11
SEEKS
FREEDOM
FROM
By "Awake!" correspondent
in South Africa
12
AWAKE!
nor punishment for doing what is wrong, nesses. He does not go to an herbalist who
other than fol' fa iling to observe the cus- uses any kind of divining, since that would
toms a.nd traditions of that 'vorship. So of involve him in spiritism, which is conwhat real value is it?"
demned in the Bible at Deuteronomy 18 :
10-12.
Uncle Zondi remained silent.
"A regular diviner or isangonur. can of"The religious beliefs of Babylon," cont inued the minister, "have not only held ten be detected by his dress, white being
back progress but have driven people into the predominant color, and by outbursts
practices that hold them in bondage and of ukuhayi.za (emotional hysteria) in his
bring them into danger. Look what the proceedings. Interestingly, the isangoma is
Bible says about the world empire of false very often a woman, though the inyanga
religion called Babylon the Great. [He is always a man.
"The methods used vary, but perhaps
reads f rom Revelation 18:23.] 'For by
your spiritistic practice all the nations the bP.st-known method of divining is with
we-re misled.' Aud doesu't ancestor wor- th e use of bones. The diviner will 'read' the
ship do just thaL-mislead peopl.e jnto buues he has cast on the ground to determine the cause of someone's sickness anct
!-;E'ekiltg protection in spiritism?
''For example, if lightning strikes a hut, w ho has caused it. The proceedings m ay
the \:vorshiper sees this as a fearful omen be accompanied by shouting, dancing or
brought by some enemy who has obtained chanting, perhaps to the beating of an oxi&'iphonso or witchcraft medicine. He seeks hide drum. The diviner (isangoma.) then
to prevent a recurrence by consulting the refers the inquirer to the inyanga, who
inyanga, the medicine man, who can also will prescribe the use of some medicine
practice divining. By providin~ charms the or charm to protect the inquirer from the
inyanga gives 'protection' to the house. one who is causing h is sickness.
"Since most sicknesses are due to known,
The charm may be in the form of a tall
forked stick planted next to the house or proved causes having to do with man's
stuck in the roof. Or, a poor crop, a oad own physical imperfection or unwise livdream or an accident may be t aken as an ing habits, or are by infection due to
omen that some ancestral spirit is dis- known physical causes that can be cured
pleased and so advice may be sought from by proper medicines, the teaching of diviners lead<; superstitious people to put
<Ul isangouur. [a regular diviner, not a
Lheir fa ith jn a wrong soun:e of healing
medidne mar1] ."
Q
nd brings them into lJOndage to the false
"What does he do?" queried yom1g
practice
of spiritism.
~hengtt .
"And this all leads to further burdens.
Unscrupulous diviners take advantage of
Use of Divittation in Treating Illness
1
'First, in mentioning medicine," the the superstitiot!s fears of others in order
minister explained, ''it would be good to to extort money from them, charging exnote that , while there may be a few Afri- orbitant fees for their services."
"How do people get to be diviners?"
can herbalists who just dispense herbs and
asked
Bhengu's sister.
nothing else, in most cases the herbalist
combines divining with his trade and will
The minister paused for a moment.
recommend superstitious rites as part of "They say they are 'called,' but when we
his cures. That is why a real Christian is learn how they are selected and trained
selective in obtaL'1ing treatment for sick- we see further evidence of spiritism. The
14
AWAKE!
'call' may come by means of a dream, and were jubilant and could report large numthe initiate claims he is possessed by a bers in their flocks. But it was not long
spirit, that is, of some ancestor. His health before their work began to crumble. Sects
deteriorates for a time. He becomes ec- and offshoots began to appear and by 1960
centric and 'hears voices.' To determine the official list of independent Bantu
which 'spirit' has possessed him, there are churches numbered 2,030!"
involved ceremonies. The families of the
uHawu!" exclaimed Uncle Zondi in
mother and father each bring a goat to amaz~ment.
be slaughtered. There a1e the singing of
"You'll have noticed," continued the
songs and vomiting rites. The candidate is minister, "how many people are attracted
covered with white powder, and a qualified to the 'emotional' religions of the Pentediviner may then decide which spirit has costal type. The similarities between the
possessed him, or the candidate may an- emotional 'prophet' of these churches and
noWlce this himself. Training is then com- the diviner of ancestor worship are very
menced and the drinking of blood of sac- close. Both are conspicuous in their attire
rificial animals features in his instruction and appearance, the color white being preand init iat ion. Does this seem to be the dominant in their regalia. A period of ill
type of person that could help you with health may precede the 'calling' of diviner
your problems?"
and 'prophet' alike, and both place great
"But," questioned Uncle Zondi, "when importance on dreams and purification.
the Christian religion came to Africa, why Both diviner and 'prophet' commune with
the spirits. Both speal< of hearing 'voices.' "
did it not remove these practices?"
"I see what you mean," said Uncle ZonCh,.istendom's Religion
di. "It's really the same worship practiced
Also Co11taminated Wlder new names.''
"Well, false religion from Babylon
"To a large degree, yes. But do not let
spread, not only to Africa, but to all parts me give you a wrong impression. Not all
of the world, and the so-called 'Christian' religion is Babylonish in origin. Not all
nations also were contaminated with it. those doing missionary work have deceived
When missionaries from Christendom en- the people. There are those who have
tered Africa, how could they free others brought God's Word to t he Bantu people
from false Babylonish religion when they with sincerity and at much personal cost
themselves were captivE: to it? So not much to themselves. They have shown that the
success was achieved in uprooting Bab- Bible is from the true God, Jehovah, and
ylonish ancestor worship. To the contrary, that he is the God of all peoples. The Bible
this worship provided a useful basis on is not nationalistic, it does not divide peowhich to build the new religion. For ex- ple. It discourages demonism and spiritistic
ample, the belief of the ancestors' surviv- practices, and it really does set people free
ing death corresponded to the doctrine of from superstitious fears."
the immortality of the soul taught by
It was late by the time the minister left.
Christendom. Missions sprang up by the That night, as young Bhengu lay on his
hWldreds. In the reserves the chiefs gave bed, he could see the clouds racing past
permission to build churches with the in- the moon. How glad he was that his father
centive of schools' being established for had arranged for the family to study the
the local villagers. 'Conversions' were rap- Bible! He could see tha t this would lead
id but mostly superficial. The missions to a worthwhile inheritance-the inheriDECEMBER 2/Z, 1961
15
Bhengu, might one day enjoy such freedom forever in a righteous new system of
things, soon to be a reality right here on
this earth!
16
AWAKE!
ed/lt (J
{{{.~~~~!:
17
are espectaculo_,
inspector~
retmspectivo
and espectad01.
Many S~; anish words have close relatives
in the English language. As examples we
can immediately think of: clase, which
means "class"; tomate, "tomato"; honra,
"honor"; tTanquilo, "tranquil." So it is
helpful to relate Spanish words you encounter with the English terms that correspond closely. There is need for caution
here, however. One must be swe that the
words have the same meaning in both languages. If you hear someone talking in
Spanish about cO?tstipaci6n, he is very likely referring to a common cold. So, do not
draw your conclusions too hastily.
As a test of your po'vver of observation
oH this score, why not try to match each
Spanish word in the following first column
with its English cognate in the second
column?
18
AWAKE!
ldiomatic Expressions
Of the peculiar idioms we employ in our
native tongue we are often unaware until
we try to translate them into another language. The literal translation may then
make no sense at all. Consider the phrase
"from time to time." Literally translated
it would be rendered in Spanish de vez a
t>e~; <C.nd might be somewhat puzzling to
the Spanish-speaking person. In his language the same idea is expressed by de vez
en ou.ando (literally, "from time in
when"). And that does not sound too intelligible to the English-speaking person.
Litel'ally:
Actually:
CRIME REPEATERS
~2,
196'1
19
TREPTOCOCCI, salmonellas and staphylococci are more than just hard words
to pronounce; they can also give you acute
indigestion. These are the bacteria that
cause the three main types of food poisoning. Take that little fellow salmonella. A
few years ago he turned up in a hospital
and swept through, affecting both patients
and staff. Doctors turned detective to
track down the villain's hiding place. They
checked to see whether the meat, fowl,
fish or eggs-in-the-shell were infected by
this bacteria, but to no avail. The doctors
were batHed until one examined a piece
of meringue-topped pie. The discovery of
heavy contamination in the meringue
solved the mystery.
You may confidently say that this would
never happen in your home. You may be
one of those housewives who prides herself in the fine wholesome way you feed
your family, because anything that shows
the least evidence of being spoiled-out it
goes. But wait a minute! When was the
last time that your family had intestinal
flu? Did you know that could have been
a case of food poisoning?
Often one of these three forms of food
poisoning is mistaken for a mild or a serious case of the stomach flu. Besides that,
the commonly accepted method of testing
food by bad taste, smell or sight is of little
or no benefit in detecting the presence of
these food-poisoning bacteria. Other less
20
harmful bacteria may cause these objectionable traits. Yes, that is right. Food contaminated by these three main foodpoisoning bacteria almost always looks,
smells and tastes normal. So, you see, it
does present a problem.
More than that, precautions that are
normally taken around the kitchen in your
home may be grossly inadequate for feeding a large group of people, such as at a
wedding reception. Such a happy occasion
has often been marred by an outbreak of
food poisoning. Contributing factors are
usually warm weather, food prepared in
advance and insufficient refrigeration. So
let us examine these three main forms of
food poisoning and their causes.
First of a11, bacteria and other microorganisms are always present in the air
around us, on our hands, the objects we
touch and in the food we eat. Some are
beneficial, others can cause illness. Normally, our bodies can cope with many that
are potentially harmful, if they are not too
numerous. It is when they have been allowed to multiply to tremendous numbers
that they endanger health and sometimes
life. The point is that bacteria are always
present, ready to breed rapidly whenever
given favorable conditions. The speed of
their growth depends on the type of bacteria, the temperature and the kind of
food or "culture" on which they feed.
One of the main precautions is to keep
food at the proper temperatwe. This is
where the part about 'keeping it cold and
AWAKE!
21
tact with food the better. Sneezing, coughi ng or blowing one's nose should be avoid-
23
By "Awake!" correspondent
in Singapore
Origin of Acupuncture
~2,
1961
26
AWAKE!
,HE Bible contains two accounts of Jesus' genealogy, birth and infancy. One
is found at Matthew l:l-2:23 and the
oL"'ler at Luke 1: 1-3:38. Complaint has
been leveled ;!gainst these because it is
claimed that they do not harmonize. What
are the facts?
As one examines these two accounts it
is at once apparent that they represent
two distinct ly different points of view.
This is readily appreciated when we note
the difference in the two writers, as well
as what appears to have been the audience
for whom they were writing. This evidently served a divine purpose. How so?
In that among the reasons for God's having a fourfold record made of Jesus' life
was the strengthening of the faith of his
servants in the unusual events associated
with the earthly sojourn of the Son of
God. Since this is so, the greater the difference ln points of view without direct
contradiction, the more complete and
forceful would be t he record, would it not?
As regards Matthew and Luke we note
a great difference or contrast in the oceupations of these two. Luke was a physician, Matthew a tax collector. A tax collector was a businessman, interested in
essential facts and records. On the other
hand, a physician would be inclined to be
sympathetic, kind and understanding, especially to womenfoll<, who ever have
needed the services of physicians more
than men.
DECEMBER
:n
101~i
tells them as seen through the eyes of these accounts: The mere fact that MatMary. Thus Matthew tells of Joseph's con- thew does not tell that Joseph and Mary
cern at finding Mary pregnant but says lived in Nazareth before Jesus' birth at
nothing about Mary's question: "How is Bethlehem does not mean that he contrathis to be, since I am having no inter- dicts Luke. He simply did not consider this
course with a man?" (Luke 1:34) Luke, fact vital to his account, even as Luke did
however, says nothing about the way Jo- not think it necessary to mention their
seph first felt about Mary's pregnancy. prolonged stay in Bethlehem during which
Matthew tells of an angel's appearing to the astrologers visited them. Yet, the asJoseph and giving him information but trologers did not visit Jesus the same
nothing about the angel Gabriel's appear- night the shepherds did, for Matthew
ing to Mary, even as Luke tells of the speaks of a "house" and a "young child,"
latter but nothing about the former.
indicating that this was some time afterFurther, Matthew tells of the astrolo- ward.-Matt. 2:11.
As for the genealogies, here again we
gers' coming from afar to offer their homage to the child Jesus, but nothing about see a difference, both in the points of view
the shepherds' coming to pay their hom- and in style of writing. In Biblical genealoage at the time of Jesus' birth, whereas gies the term "father" is often applied to
Luke tells us of the shepherds but nothing a more removed male ancestor, even as
about the astrologers. Also, Matthew tells the angel said that God would give Jesus
us about the :flight into Egypt right after "the throne of David his father." (Luke
the visit of the astrologers and the death 1:32) So Matthew, writing for Jews, did
of all the male babies under two years not attempt to list everyone in the direct
of age in Bethlehem; all of which Luke line of descent from Abraham down to
omits, while giving us the details about Joseph, Jesus' foster father. On the other
Jesus' being circumcised, his being pre- hand, Luke is careful to give us a comsented at the temple in keeping with the plete list, which quite certainly is that of
requirements of the law of Moses and the Mary through her father Heli, whom he
encouraging testimony of Anna, as well as speaks of as the father of Joseph since
the words of aged Simeon, which, let it be women are not listed in this genealogy.
noted, were, in part, addressed to Mary. The differing styles and points of view are
also evident in that Lu.l{e traces the ge-Luke 2:25-38.
Further, peculiar to Luke's account is nealogy back from Heli to Adam, whereas
the information that Joseph and Mary an- Matthew traces his forward from Abranually went to Jerusalem for the Passover ham, which is all that really mattered for
festival and about their losing Jesus at Jews. Viewed in this reasonable way, the
one of these when he was twelve years old. two genealogies also are seen to be harAnd not only does Luke tell us of the cir- monious.
cumstances under which they found Jesus,
As we carefully consider the accounts of
Mary's words to J esus and his reply to Jesus' genealogy, birth and infancy as reher, but he also says that "his mother corded by Matthew and Luke we do incarefully kept all these sayings in her deed find many facts in agreement, many
heart." From this, incidentally, we may that complement each other and none
gather that Luke interviewed her person- that cannot be harmonized. This is as it
ally for his Gospel record.-Luke 2:41-51. should be, for both of them wrote under
As for the seeming lack of harmony in divine inspiration.
28
AWAKE!
DECEMBER 2, 1961
29
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