Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
AVIATION AND DEFENSE
SECTOR
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India has the potential to become the third largest aviation market by 2020 and the largest
by 2030. Eyeing big orders from Indian airlines, world's leading aircraft maker Airbus has
said that India's aviation market will grow at over 10 per cent annually in next ten years,
which would be double the average global growth rate.There is large untapped potential for
growth due to the fact that access to aviation is still a dream for nearly 99.5 per cent of its
population, indicates the FICCI-KPMG 'Indian Aviation 2014' report.
The report notes that the next generation of aviation growth in India will be triggered by
regional airports. At present, there are around 450 used/un-used/abandoned airports and airstrips
spread all over the country. Many Indian states, especially in Eastern India, have started taking
pro-active measures to promote air connectivity. These initiatives include reduction in Sales Tax
on ATF, development of no-frills airports, promotion of aviation academies and supportive
policies for airlines and tourism. West Bengal deserves a special mention as it is the first large
state in the country to declare zero per cent Sales Tax on ATF at its regional airports and 15 per
cent Sales Tax on ATF used by additional flights started at its metro airport in Kolkata.
A lot more needs to be done, as several Tier 2/3 cities are still unconnected or underserved. These
involve relaxation on regulations, revising the security requirements, allowing domestic code
sharing, providing free or discounted utilities and connecting infrastructure. The proposed
Essential Air Services Fund (EASF) by Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) needs to be set up
immediately. All this will have a multiplier effect in terms of higher growth of local economic
activities, tourism and employment. The most significant development in the Indian domestic
market is the growing dominance of the low-cost carrier model, which in FY 2013 accounted for
almost 70 percent of the domestic capacity. LCCs have driven the growth in aviation and tourism
through low fares, introduction of regional routes and periodic discount offers. Full service
carriers plan to shift more seats to their low cost offerings in line with market trends. Indian
carriers plan to double their fleet size by 2020 to around 800 aircraft.
NEW ENTRANTS AND THEIR MODE OF ENTRY:
Hero Motors plans to produce light aircrafts at its 300 acre aerospace park in Madhya
Pradesh, in partnership with an unidentified European manufacturer.
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The Tata group is keen to move into full-scale aircraft assembly and production in both
the civil and defence markets. The group sought approval to set up an aerospace
manufacturing facility on the outskirts of Hyderabad. The company has already signed
deals with several International companies, including one to manufacture components for
Boeing. It has assumed a one-third stake in Italys Piaggio Aero, while Israel Aerospace
Industries and the Tata group signed a memorandum of understanding to establish a new
company to develop, manufacture and support a wide range of defence and aerospace
products, including missiles, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), radars, electronic
warfare systems and homeland security systems.
Mahindra & Mahindra has signed deals with BAE Systems and is jointly developing a
five-seat light aircraft with the National Aerospace Laboratories.
Larsen and Toubro is in the process of forming a joint venture with the European EADS
to develop high-tech defence electronics in Pune. This venture will focus on developing
electronic warfare, radar, defence avionics and mobile systems for defence.
Aircraft manufacturing major, Boeing, is in the process of setting up a USD 100 million
MRO facilities in Delhi. The MRO is primarily being set up to take care of the
maintenance needs of the 27 Boeing 787 and 23 Boeing 777 aircrafts ordered by Air
India.
GE Aviation and Air India will jointly invest USD 90 million to set up a MRO facility in
Mumbai.
Indocopters Private Ltd, distributor for Eurocopter helicopters in India, is planning to set
up a helicopter MRO facility in Bhubaneswar, the companys fourth service centre in the
country.
Bharat Electronics long-planned venture to make missile seekers in India with an Israeli
partner may be signed this year. Ashwani Kumar Datt, Chairman and Managing Director,
BEL said We are trying to re-do the business plan and finalize (the details of the
proposed joint venture), The venture, when finalized , may involve technology transfer,
manufacturing at any of BELs nine facilities, as also co-development of seekers for other
missiles. Apart from meeting the needs of the two countries, the MoU of February 2008
also had a provision for exports.
GROWTH DRIVERS :-
Five international airports (Delhi, Mumbai, Cochin, Hyderabad, Bengaluru) have been
completed successfully under Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode.
Greenfield airport at Navi Mumbai, Mopa (Goa) and some brownfield airports of
Airports Authority of India (AAI) and 50 airports under the low-cost model are to be
developed all over the country, including under PPP.
Indian aviation is experiencing dramatic growth across the board, from the emergence of
LCC/new carriers to a growing middle-class ready to travel by air as well as growth in
business and leisure travel.
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CHALLENGES:
Most global tourists bypass India for places such as Bali, Phuket and Genting primarily
because of reasons such as poor connectivity, visa hassles, safety issues and poor
marketing. In 2014, Indias foreign tourist arrival count stood at an abysmal 7.4 million
per annum, as compared to Singapore (12 million), Thailand (25 million), Malaysia (27
million) and China (56 million).
The infamous, oligopolistic 5/20 Rule of 2004 prevents new Indian airlines from flying
abroad till they complete five years and have 20 aircraft. Its abolition is long overdue. A
simpler approach of 1 year/5 aircraft or 2 years/10 aircraft may be adopted, if its outright
abolition is politically risky. Linking it to the complicated domestic flying credit system
should be avoided.
As India embarks on a high-growth phase, safety and security would be key. December
2015 saw a landing aircraft being hit by wild boars in Jabalpur, an engineer getting
sucked into a jet engine in Mumbai, a BSF aircraft crashing in New Delhi, and a bus
ramming into an aircraft in Kolkata all in a space of one month. Heads must roll, starting
from the top.
The Route Dispersal Guidelines (RDG) is an outdated rule that forces Indian carriers to
fly to unviable routes. Other key imperatives for 2016 include the long-pending hive-off
of Air Navigation Services from the Airports Authority of India (AAI); market listing of
AAI; fast-tracking of the second airports in Mumbai, Goa, Chennai and Pune; convincing
leading states to pro-actively reduce the high VAT on ATF; launch of the Regional
Connectivity Scheme; support to helicopters and private jets; and engaging with global
aerospace majors to enhance their contribution to the Make-in-India initiative.
Exceptions apart, a majority of the players in the passenger transport industry are
understood to be incurring significant losses. Other commercial operations in the
aviation space such as cargo transport, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) and the
aircraft manufacturing industry are still at a nascent stage. For instance, the draft National
Civil Aviation Policy 2015 indicates that the present spend by domestic carriers on the
MRO of their fleet is approximately Rs 5,000 crore with a majority of such spending
being done in countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia and UAE due to lack of adequate
infrastructure in India.
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It would not be an overstatement to say that the cascading and multi-tiered system of
applicable indirect taxes in India copiously contributes to derailing the aviation industry
off its high-growth path. Despite the efforts made by the central government, various
factors under indirect taxes continue to obstruct the growth of the aviation sector and are
yet to be rectified. One such factor is high tax costs on the procurement of Aviation
Turbine Fuel (ATF). The fuel accounts for nearly 40 percent of the operating costs of a
domestic carrier. With an apparent fear of loss of revenue, ATF was excluded from the
purview of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in the initial years of implementation under
the draft 100th Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2015. Levy of service tax on airport
levies such as Passenger Service Fee and other similar levies, service tax on MRO
activities undertaken for foreign airlines etc., swell the costs for airline operations.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES/INTERVENTIONS:
Positive developments:
Jet fuel prices continued to be benign due to global softening of crude
Why the Indian government has been reluctant to help airlines become viable can be easily
understood by a simple truism:
India has always seen flying as a luxury, never really coming around to the point that
in today's times flying has become a necessity.
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hopes to transform the countrys six metro airports into international hubs and reverse the
trend of local airlines using hubs in West Asia and South-east Asia for international
operations.
The ministry has also mooted the idea of credits trading, under which 25-30% of such
DFCs can be purchased from regional airlines. These criteria will apply to new airlines
while existing airlines such as Jet Airways and Air India will have to earn more DFCs to
get new international routes. Under the proposed rule, an airline desiring to fly on
international routes must have earned a minimum of 200 DFCs. Also, it should have a
minimum of five airplanes to fly international, against the 20 needed currently.
The government has mooted a waiver of parking and landing charges at all airports for
flights with less than 80 seats to promote regional connectivity.
The government has also mooted a proposal restricting new airlines from flying overseas
destinations of less than six hours in the initial phase, putting West Asian and Singapore
airports out of the scope.
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES:
Passenger and air cargo growth are among the key indicators of the well-being of a nation
and Indias passenger growth story has been exceptional, despite the vicissitudes of
airlines. During the last 10 years, the compounded annual growth rate of passenger traffic
has been about 15 per cent. As regards air cargo, which undoubtedly is languishing, there
lies enormous untapped potential. In 2011, the total air-cargo volume handled was 2.3
million tonnes by all Indian airports which was far less than that handled by individual
airports like Hong Kong, Memphis, Shanghai, Incheon, Anchorage and Paris. The
Ministry of Civil Aviation has forecast that the total cargo throughput at Indian airports is
expected to grow 7.6 times in the next 20 years (compounded annual growth rate
[CAGR] of 11.2 per cent).
As per estimates, domestic air traffic will touch 160-180 million passengers per annum in
the next 10 years and the international traffic will exceed 80 million passengers per
annum from the current level of 60 million domestic and 40 million international
passengers respectively. According to International Air Transport Associations (IATA)
Airline Industry Forecast 2012-16, Indias domestic air travel market would be among the
top five globally, experiencing the second highest growth rate.
Domestic air traffic that would be carried by scheduled carriers in India in 2020-21, is set
to cross 164 million passengers as against 54 million in 2010-11, suggesting a growth of
three times the present traffic in ten years. International passengers to and from India by
2020-21 will be 92 million, implying a growth of about 2.4 times the traffic of 38 million
in 2010-11. Forecast for 2030-31 reveals that domestic air passengers to be carried in
India will be 438 million and that of international passengers will be 217 million.
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MROs:
Some of the positive measures taken by the government over the past few years:
Extension of time period for consumption/installation of parts, and testing equipment
imported for Maintenance, Repairs and Overhaul (MRO) of aircraft by MRO units from 3
months to one year.
MRO industry for the first time is allowed to go in for ECB.
The Royalty charged by the AAI, from MRO, reduced from 36.3% to 13%.
Testing equipment can now be imported duty-free by the MROs.
It is expected that IAF would spend around USD 18.79 billion for MRO and related
activities by 2025 and, at present, the work is getting overburdened on HAL alone in the
civil MRO market. The Indian civil aviation MRO market is estimated to grow at a
CAGR of about 14-15 percent to USD 4.33 billion by 2025.
The latest entry of Reliance Defence and Aerospace (RDA) into the defence and
aerospace sector has provoked an understanding and confidence in the industry also,
fuelled by the Make in India policy.RDA has proudly announced themselves as military
helicopter manufacturer and integrator with a plan to develop a USD 1 billion Dhirubhai
Ambani Aerospace Park (DAAP).The group is also planning to explore other
opportunities is in the naval platforms, air mobility, avionics and Network Centric
Welfare (NCW). The group is eyeing on closing potential projects worth USD 22.8
billion in the defence sector.
The Indian air cargo industry will also benefit from evolving MRO industry as it will
directly contribute to heavy machinery and spare parts import demand and save high cost
incurred when aircraft MRO work is outsourced aboard. In-house servicing facility
means faster recovery of aircraft domestically and reduced dwell-time adding to cargo
throughput. With international players setting up their MRO facilities in India, this will
benefit in more foreign earnings driving more international and domestic airlines into the
country.
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On a global average, it is recently estimated that the Indian MRO industry will have a
potential of USD 30 billion by 2020.
MRO FACILITIES:-
HANGARS:-
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Air Works has three major facilities in India with hangars at its base in Mumbai and
Delhi dedicated to GA. A third facility at Hosur, near Bengaluru, handles commercial
airline MRO, carrying out C-checks on B737s, A320s and ATR turboprops. The
company also has line maintenance centres at nine other locations around the country.
Air Works plans to acquire at least two more hangars in India for GA and may look at
an opportunity to gain a toehold in the Middle East. Along with this strategy, Air Works
is likely to continue to pursue commercial aviation through its narrow body hangars and
a wide body hangar currently being built at Hosur. Last year, the company also took
over the British firm, Air Livery, Europes largest aircraft painting business. A new
wide body paint shop is being built at Hosur. It will be the only such facility in the
Asia-Pacific outside of China.
Another big project is the JV between Malaysia Airlines, GMR Hyderabad International
Airport and local carrier, Jet Airways. MAS-GMR Aerospace, as it is known, has
already signed a 10-year deal with Jet to provide heavy maintenance for the carriers
entire fleet. The facility initially will offer C- and D-checks for A320s and B737s
before moving onto long-haul types.
Dassault Aviation, a part of French aerospace company Groupe Dassault, has drawn up
an ambitious map for expansion in the Indian market. The company, with a majority
share in the Indian business jet market, is looking at setting up an MRO centre next
year. Its business jets are sold under the Falcon brand name.
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES :-
300 business jets, 300 small aircraft and 250 helicopters are expected to be added to the
current fleet in the next five years.
Growth in aviation is accentuating demand for MRO facilities.
Greenfield airports under PPP at Navi Mumbai and Mopa (Goa).
The development of new airports the AAI aims to bring around 250 airports under
operation across the country by 2020.
The North-east region the AAI plans to develop Guwahati as an inter-regional hub and
Agartala, Imphal and Dibrugarh as intra-regional hubs.
The AAI plans to spend USD 1.3 Billion on non-metro projects between 2013 and 2017,
focusing on the modernisation and up-gradation of airports.
Indian airports are emulating the SEZ Aerotropolis model to enhance revenues, focus on
revenues from retail, advertising and vehicle parking, security equipment and services.
According to data released by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP),
FDI inflows in air transport (including air freight) between April 2000 and June 2015
stood at US$ 573.12 million.
Key investments and developments in Indias aviation industry include:
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
Finland, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Oman and Ethiopia for
increased co-operation between the countries in terms of additional seats, sharing of
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airlines codes, increased frequencies and additional points of call, during the International
Civil Aviation Negotiations (ICAN),2015 held in Antalya, Turkey.
Tata Advanced Systems (TASL) has signed a joint venture with American aircraft
manufacturing major, Boeing, to establish a centre of excellence for manufacturing
aerostructures for Apache helicopter initially and collaborate on integrated systems
development opportunities in India in the long term.
US-based aircraft manufacturer Boeing plans to assemble one of its two helicopters
namely, Chinook (heavy-lift) or Apache (attack type) in India, thus becoming yet another
global company to invest in India encouraged by the Make in India campaign.
Airbus SAS, one of the top two aircraft manufacturers in the world, plans to open aircraft
maintenance and repair overhaul (MRO) facility in India.
Airbus, the worlds leading aircraft maker, expects Indias aviation industry to grow at
over 10 per cent annually in the next decade, almost double the average growth rate of
the global aviation industry.
Eyeing large orders from Indian airlines, Airbus has committed to source products worth
US$ 2 billion cumulatively over the next five years from India; the company plans to
provide customised maintenance and other services closer to the base for all its airline
customers in India.
French drone-maker LH Aviation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
Indias OIS Advanced Technologies on June 19, 2015 to manufacture tactical drones in
India through an industrial license.
Mahindra Group expanded its partnership with GE Aviation by signing an agreement to
manufacture aero structures at the Groups new aerospace facility in Bengaluru.
SpiceJet plans to enter a deal with Boeing Co. and Airbus Group SE to buy 80-120 jet
airplanes which would help to expand their fleet and rebuild its business.
FOREIGN INVESTORS :
Airbus (France)
Boeing International Corporation (USA)
AirAsia (Malaysia)
Rolls Royce (UK)
Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide (Germany)
Honeywell Aerospace (USA)
Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (Malaysia)
GE Aviation (USA)
Airports Company South Africa Global (South Africa)
Alcoa Fastening Systems Aerospace (USA)
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Aircraft are equipped with several systems that process and accommodate air through all
usages needed aboard. Among those systems are to be found in particular:
Engine bleed air
Air conditioning
Cabin pressure control
Ventilation control
Wing and nacelle anti-ice
Additional cooling of avionics, galleys and hydraulics
Humidification and dryer
Integrated air management systems consist of several hundreds of parts located all across
the aircraft (engine, nacelle, pylon, wing, belly fairing, fuselage, cockpit, cabin, tail core)
that process all air circulation within the aircraft from the engine bleed port to the cabin.
ALLIED INDUSTRIES
Aircraft leathers: aviation interiors.
Aircraft finish
Custom aircraft cabinetry, floor plan modifications, and aero medical conversions
Ambulance installation for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters
Cab services
Eating joints in airports/lounges
Air Hostess training institutes
Perishable Air Cargo
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The cargo that requires refrigeration and freezing during transport for whole-course
temperature control, this is especially applicable for the foods, drugs, reagent, biological
products, human organs, frozen embryos and others which are sensitive to temperature
and humidity change or to time limit of transport and prone to deterioration.
A new air cargo hub for perishable goods is to be based at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
International Airport. Gujarat Agro Industries, a government enterprise, is behind the
project aimed at capitalizing on the huge amount of perishables, including vegetables,
fruits and exotic flowers.
What is important is to enable the growth of this trade by facilitating appropriate
infrastructure for handling, storage and faster movement of these goods for exports in the
cargo terminals. Cool chain processes effectively safeguard product quality and maximize
shelf life, thereby enhancing profitability.
The perishable handling area in Dubai Cargo Mega Terminal is about 4623 square metres floor
space, with 3927 square metres of 218 individual cells of temperature zones.
The 9,000 m perishable centre, for instance in Cargo City, Frankfurt Airport, offers 20 different
climate zones.
Changi air freight terminals offer Dedicated/specialized perishable handling facility that is
temperature monitored and humidity controlled to cater to different types of requirements and a
wide range of commodities
Source: World Bank Report on Air Freight Study, 2009
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Established in 1989, in New Delhi, India, ZECO today has come a long way to become
world class manufacturer of air management system, delivering reliable and superior
quality products. With incredible expertise in design and selection of air management
system, the company is serving the customers according to the application with
innovative technology, high quality and cost effective solutions. The company is
continuously meeting the demands of the changing and challenging market environment
around the globe.
CARRIER
Established in 1986,Carrier is the world's leader in high technology heating, airconditioning and refrigeration solutions. Carrier experts provide sustainable solutions,
integrating energy efficient products, building controls, and energy services for
residential, commercial, retail, transport and food service customers. Founded by the
inventor of modern air conditioning, Carrier improves the world around us through
engineered innovation and environmental stewardship.
DAIKIN
Airports present an array of air conditioning challenges with large atriums and
concourses connected to the smaller enclosures of terminal gates and administrative
offices. As a comprehensive air conditioning manufacturer, Daikin offers an integrated
approach that delivers customized solutions for energy savings and comfortable interior
spaces in providing precise air control of multiple zones. Leveraging our experience in
large-scale projects, Daikin can provide the appropriate solution to all air conditioning
needs.
and can be installed as a complete system (all modules outside the tent) or a split-system
(evaporator module inside the tent). The units can operate sufficiently as an air recirculation
system for use in harsh environments.
Our units are easily transportable with a compact construction and integrated frames for military
camps that are always on the move. They are easy to maintain and have easily removable covers
to access the system. The system integrates a fully hermetic refrigerant circuit with a scroll
compressor and an airflow section with filter, cooler and supply fan.
The units have a cooling / heating (electrical) option. There is a separate heating module
available, which can be used as a fuel heater (diesel) with a complete water-glycol circuit and
pump.
Compact air conditioning system
Weiss has expanded its proven series to include a new model, distinguished by two innovative
features: even better air conditioning performance / capacity and optional use with integrated
fuel heater.
Special features include:
Compact design with transport frame
Operation as an air recirculation system
Electric heater optional with fuel heater available
Tested to military standards
2. LLOYD ELECTRIC AND ENGINEERING - HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING FOR THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY
Air conditioning systems for defence applications
Lloyd has extended its capability to design, develop and manufacture defence application ACs,
from 2TR to 4TR capacity with a rugged design that is suitable for cross-country terrains (-20C
to 60C).
Lloyd's defence application ACs comply with JSS 55555 environmental specifications, while
being made from lightweight aluminium alloy with chemical agent resistive coating (CRCA).
The product is eco-friendly, R134A refrigerant, part of the safety group A1 and has a zero ozone
depletion potential (ODP) level.
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3. SIGMA
SIGMA is a world leader for over 30 years in the design, manufacture, supply and service of
specialized air conditioning equipment suitable for the transportation rail, mining, industrial and
defence industries, where high ambient temperatures, severe vibration, dense particulate and
corrosive environments prevail.
SIGMA have developed a comprehensive range of air conditioning and filtration equipment now
manufactured for the transportation, industrial, mining, and defence markets on a global basis.
The innovative and unique SIGMA designed equipment has attracted worldwide interest and
acceptance, and many enquiries have been received from major industries throughout the world.
SIGMA is a leading global company in the development of Transport and Heavy Duty HVAC
Systems for the Rail, Mining, Industrial and the demanding Defence markets.
The World of SIGMA truly covers the Globe across several market groups. The products are
produced with over 30 years of broad experience in the air conditioning markets.
SIGMA provides a "whole of life" outlook for its products and provides tailored system solutions
that deliver true value to our customers.
SIGMA is a Quality Assured company to ISO9001 at all its operations and has extensive
Research and Development facilities to ensure SIGMA's equipment delivers maximum
performance, value and reliability with minimum overall life cycle cost to our customers.
4. DC AIRCO
Military Air Conditioning
Standard or custom made Air conditioners for Military and Defence
For unmanned border patrol the DC12500 telecom unit is mainly used in 24 or 48 VDC in desert
areas.
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For vehicles also the DC9300 split unit is used (same unit as in mining refuge shelters)
The DC 9300 split unit is developed in 2007 to cool fuel cell powered telecom sites and is later
used for railway projects, mining and defence. A larger version of the DC 9300 is called DC
17000.
DC Airco's products operate trouble free in hard environments ranging from hot and dirty mining
applications to hot and dusty deserts. These DC powered direct current air conditioners are
robust and reliable, ideal for use on vibrating vehicles.
next decade, some of the total 530 odd aircraft would be used as replacements. How many that
will be we know not but it is fair to assume that within the next 10 years, IndiGo's fleet alone
may well be the size of the combined fleet size of all airlines operating in India at present.
SpiceJet: The second largest airline by passengers, has a fleet of 18 Boeing 737s and 14 Q400
aircraft as per information available on the airline's own website. It has 42 Boeing 737Max
planes on order and claims to have begun negotiations for another 100 aircraft with both, Airbus
and Boeing. Clearly, even if this 100 aircraft order is finalized and deliveries begin over the next
few years, SpiceJet's fleet plans are nowhere near IndiGo's ambitious ones.
GoAir: It has 72 Airbus 320neos on order which begin coming in by 2016 and continue till
2020. Its present fleet is just 19 aircraft. So even after the deliveries of the 72 aircraft are
completed, Go Air is unlikely to be a serious threat to IndiGo in the near future.
International carriers: They will continue with their organic growth into India, with secondary
cities such as Amritsar, Jaipur and Tiruchirappalli coming into focus.
SOURCES:
http://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-aviation.aspx
http://www.daikin.com/products/ac/applications/modals/17_airport/index.html
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http://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?
kall=wclrdhtm&nvdt=20150515093314850&nvpc=099000000000&nvtype=ANALYSIS+
%26+OUTLOOK&ver=pf
http://www.livemint.com/Industry/vaocwLAx5EvO6o3aOpeSlM/The-irony-of-the-Indianaviation-industry.html
https://www.crisilresearch.com/CuttingEdge/Content/Economy/HeadLinePDF/Airlines.pdf
http://www.sps-aviation.com/story_issue.asp?Article=1131
http://www.financialexpress.com/article/fe-columnist/right-policy-push-can-help-aviation-grow20-pct/188823/
http://forbesindia.com/blog/economy-policy/is-the-indian-aviation-industry-finally-airborne/
http://www.firstpost.com/business/for-the-aviation-sector-to-grow-in-india-it-needs-handholdingby-the-policy-makers-2561934.html
http://www.businessair.com/aviation-business-directory/aircraft%20related%20industries
civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/moca_001669.pdf
http://aviationspaceindia.com/content/aviation-mro-india-opportunities-and-challenges
http://www.stattimes.com/index.php/make-in-india-mro-makes-it-happen/
https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/industries/general-aviation-070312.pdf
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