Professional Documents
Culture Documents
pump is right
for your
application?
ANSI
vs
API?
By Ross C. Mackay,
Contributing Editor
The Liquids
In considering the various types of liquids handled by these pumps, the fluids in the petrochemical industry are frequently classified as
Hydrocarbons, Aggressive Chemicals and Mild
Chemicals.
Hydrocarbons are petroleum-based products
that are frequently classified as light, intermediate
or heavy. At atmospheric pressure and temperature,
light hydrocarbons tend to vaporize, intermediate
hydrocarbons are liquid, and
heavy hydrocarbons are highly
viscous or even solid.
Aggressive Chemicals include
strong acids, alkalines or oxidizing agents that are destructive to
both equipment and the environment. They are also dangerous to
plant personnel if allowed to leak.
Mild Chemicals are generally
easy to handle, and are not detrimental to either equipment or
the environment.
Many of these liquids can
produce toxic fluid exposure and vapors if they are
allowed to leak out of a pump. Vapor release is a
common danger with hydrocarbons that vaporize at
atmospheric conditions or other chemicals that may
be exposed to very high operating temperatures.
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Volute Cases
Both pump styles have a radial split casing, and
most ANSI pumps and some API pumps employ a
single volute design of the interior passages. This is
particularly evident in the smaller sizes that involve
low-flow rates and lower specific speeds of the
impeller. As shown in Figure 1, the area of the volute
increases at a rate that is proportional to the rate of
discharge from the impeller, thus producing a constant velocity at the periphery of the impeller. This
velocity energy is then changed into a pressure energy by the time the fluid enters the discharge nozzle.
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Back Cover
Arrangements
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Mounting Feet
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Materials of Construction
Cast iron
Ductile iron
Bronze
Carbon and low alloy steels
such as 4140
Chrome steels such as 11%,
12% or 13%
Martenistic stainless steels in
the 400 series
Precipitation hardening stainless steels like 17-4 PH
Austenitic stainless steels like
the 300 series or alloy 20
Duplex stainless steels such as
CD4MCu
Other more exotic alloys such
as Hastelloy, Titanium, etc.
Repair Considerations
It is important to remember,
before any repair procedures are
performed on any pump component, that the material of construction must be accurately identified
by means of the appropriate tests.
Prior to any repairs being conducted on a pump casing, it is also
advisable to consider the economic
advantage of the repair under consideration.
Smaller and medium-sized
ANSI pumps are designed with a
high degree of interchangeability
and produced in volume. Consequently, it can frequently be more
cost effective to replace the entire
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