Bridge rectifier regulated lab

power supply circuit

schematics
A good regulated AC to DC
power supply circuit is
essential for any electronic
hobbyists and electronic
students to do thier electronics
hobby projects. Also a bridge
rectifier power supply is one of
the introductory circuits for
beginners. Firstly we need to
know what is a bridge
rectifier? A rectifier circuit
employs the conversion of AC
voltage to DC voltage. Full
wave bridge rectifiers have the
benefit that they transfer both

half cycle of AC input into DC

output and also efficiency is
two times greater than that of
half wave rectifier. Bridge
rectifier circuits are put into
practice using diodes such as
1N4001, 1N4007 etc.
Transformer less AC to DC
power supply
Dual power supply using single
battery source
Below is the circuit schematic
of rectifier regulated power
supply using 78XX voltage
regulator IC. 78XX is a positive
voltage regulator and available
at different output voltages as

7805 for 5V, 7809 for 9V, 7815

for 15V etc. Hence you can
implement power supplies for
required voltages, that is 5V,
9V or 15V as you like. Solder
this regulated power supply
circuit on PCB and enclose it in
a suitable case, definitely it will
help you for future circuit
projects.
Circuit diagram
Components required
Step down transformer (1A,
230V or 110V primary

secondary should be your

choice like 6V, 9V etc).
Diodes x 4 (1N4001 for low
power 1N4007 for moderate
power)
Capacitor (470F, 16V)
Voltage regulator IC 78XX
(Here we have used 7805)
Working
Circuit consists of 4 parts: Step
down transformer, bridge
rectifier, capacitor filter and
voltage regulator IC.
The transformer step downs
the high voltage AC to a low
voltage AC.

During the positive half cycle

of secondary voltage, diodes
D2 and D3 are forward biased
and diodes D1 and D4 are
reverse biased, now the
current flows through D2
>Load>D3
During the negative half cycle
of the secondary voltage,
diodes D1 and D4 are forward
biased and diodes D2 and D3
are reverse biased Now the
current flows through D4
>Load>D1
In both the cycles load current
flows in same direction, hence

we get a pulsating DC voltage

across the points B-B.
The pulsating content are
called ripples and a filter
capacitor is used to remove the
ripples from pulsating DC.
When the instantaneous values
of pulsating DC voltage
increases, the capacitor gets
charged up to peak value of
the input.
When the instantaneous values
of pulsating DC voltage
decreases, the stored voltage
in the capacitor reverse biases
the diodes D2 and D4. Hence it

will not conduct, now capacitor

discharges through the load.
Then voltage across the
capacitor decreases.
During the next cycle, when
the peak voltage exceeds the
capacitor voltage, diode D2 or
D4 forward biases accordingly,
as a result capacitor again
charges to the peak value. This
process continues. Hence we
get almost smooth DC voltage
as shown.
Brown color indicates pulsating
DC and Red color is the filtered
DC voltage.

Then the filtered voltage is

applied to the input of 7805
voltage regulator IC, it in turn
regulates the voltage for line
and load fluctuations.
Brown color indicates capacitor
output DC and Red color is the
regulated 5V DC from 7805.
Related Circuits:
Dual power supply for Op Amp
circuits
Variable power supply
Pin outs of Diode, Capacitor
and 7805 IC

Diode pin out

Capacitor pin out
7805 voltage regulator pin out
Note:
Use 6V secondary transformer
and 7805 for 5V supply, 9V
secondary transformer and
7809 for 9V supply.