Rawalpindi

among other things have been found.[3]

For other uses, see Rawalpindi (disambiguation).

Sir Alexander Cunningham identied certain ruins on the

site of the cantonment with the ancient city of Ganjipur
or Gajnipur, the capital of the Bhatti tribe in the ages
preceding the Christian era. Graeco-Bactrian coins, together with ancient bricks, occur over an area of 500 ha
(2 mi). Known within historical times as Fatehpur Baori,
Rawalpindi fell into decay during one of the Mongol invasions in the 14th century.[4]

Rawalpindi (Punjabi, Urdu: , Rwalpi ), commonly known as Pindi (Punjabi: ), is a city

in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 4th most populous metropolitan area of Pakistan.[1] The center of the
Rawalpindi is only 14 kilometres (9 mi) from the center of Islamabad. Due to the high interdependence and
intertwined areas of the two cities, they are known as
the twin cities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. In the 1950s,
Rawalpindis population was smaller than Hyderabad and
Multan, but the citys economy received a boost during
the building of Islamabad (19591969), during which
Rawalpindi served as the national capital. Rawalpindi
is in the northernmost part of the Punjab province, located 275 km (171 mi) to the north-west of Lahore. It is
the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. Also,
Rawalpindi is the military headquarters, also referred to
as GHQ (General Headquarters) of the Pakistani Armed
Forces.

It appears that the ancient city went into oblivion as a result of the White Hun devastation. The rst Muslim invader, Mahmud of Ghazni (979-1030), gave the ruined
city to a Gakhar Chief, Kai Gohar. The town, however, being on an invasion route, could not prosper and
remained deserted until Jhanda Khan, another Gakhar
Chief, restored it and named it Rawalpindi after the village Rawal in 1493.

1.1 Mughal rule

Its location is very central as it has capital to its north,

Punjab to its south, KPK Province to its west and Azad
Kashmir to its east. For this reason the tourists use the
city as a stop before traveling towards the northern areas.
Rawalpindi is easy accessible as several highways come
into the city including National Highway (G.T Road) and
Motorway. Numerous shopping bazaars, parks and a cosmopolitan population attract shoppers from all over Pakistan and abroad. The city is home to several industries
and factories. Islamabad International Airport is actually
located in Rawalpindi city, and serves both cities and several neighboring districts for international ights. Moreover, part of the facility is also the famous Chaklala Airbase (PAF Base Nur Khan)

Rawalpindi remained under the rule of the Gakkhars under the suzernaity of the Mughal Empire until Muqarrab
Khan, the last Gakkhar ruler, was defeated by the Sikhs
under Sardar Milka Singh in 1765. The present native infantry lines mark the site of a battle fought by the Gakhars
under their famous chief Sultan Mukarrab Khan in 1765.
Sardar Milka Singh invited traders from the neighboring
commercial centers of Jhelum and Shahpur to settle in
the territory.[4]

1.2 Afghan and Sikh rule

After the third Battle of Panipath in 1761, Afghans
under Ahmed Shah Abdali annexed the region as part
of the kingdom of Afghanistan. Early in the 19th
century Rawalpindi became for a time the refuge of
Shah Shuja, the exiled king of Afghanistan, and of his
brother Shah Zaman. Rawalpindi was taken by Sikh
ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1818 after defeating the
Afghans. Rawalpindi remained part of the Sikh Empire
till the defeat of the Sikh Empire at the hand of British
East India Company in 1849.

History

Rawalpindi has been inhabited for thousands of years; it is

believed that a distinct culture ourished on this plateau as
far back as c. 1000 BC. The material remains found at the
site prove the existence of a Buddhist establishment contemporary to Taxila, and of a Vedic civilisation. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the nearby
town of Taxila is home to the worlds oldest university Takshashila University.[2] In Takshashila, 19 km (12 mi) 1.3 British rule
north-west of Rawalpindi, traces of at least 55 stupas, 28
Buddhist monasteries, 9 temples, a copper plate inscribed Following the British invasion of the region after the fall
with the name Takshashila, a vase with Kharoshthi script of the Sikh Empire and their occupation of Rawalpindi
1

HISTORY

On the introduction of British rule, Rawalpindi became

the site of a cantonment and, shortly afterward, the headquarters of the 2nd (Rawalpindi) Division. Its connection with the main railway system by the extension of
the North-Western Railway to Peshawar immensely developed its size and commercial importance. The municipality was created in 1867.

The Mess Hall, Rawalpindi

Queen Victorias Statue sculpted in England was placed in the city

during the rule of the British Empire, 1939

Rawalpindi at the beginning of the 1900s became the

most important cantonment in the British Raj - the colonial dominion of the British Raj. For example, the municipalitys population in 1901 was 40 611, larger than any
other cantonment. Its income and expenditure during the
ten years ending 1902-3 averaged 180 000 and 210 000
Rs. (rupees), respectively. Income derived mostly (89%)
from municipal import duties (octroi) which in that year
ran 160 000 Rs. Expenditure included administration (35
000 Rs. or 17%), conservancy (27 000 Rs. or 13%), hospitals and dispensaries (25 000 Rs. or 12%), public works
(9 000 Rs. or 3%), and public safety (17 000 Rs. or %).
The cantonment was a major center of military power
of the Raj after an arsenal was established in 1883.[4]
In 1901 Rawalpindi was the winter headquarters of the
Northern Command and of the Rawalpindi military division. It quartered six regiments - one each of British
and Native cavalry; two each of British and Native infantry; three companies, one of garrison artillery and two
of sappers and miners, including a balloon section; three
batteries - one each of horse, eld artillery, and mountain;
and one ammunition column of eld artillery. It has been
recently disclosed that the British Government tested poison gas on Indian troops during a series of experiments
that lasted over a decade.[5]

1.4 Post-independence
The predominantly Muslim population supported
Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the
independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus
and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees
from India settled in Rawalpindi. In the succeeding
years, Rawalpindi saw an inux of Muhajir, Pashtun and
Kashmiri settlers. In 1959, the city became the interim
capital of the country after President Ayub Khan sought
the creation of a new planned capital of Islamabad in
the vicinity of Rawalpindi. As a result, Rawalpindi saw
most major central government oces and institutions
relocate to nearby territory, and its population boom.
Church on Murree Road, Rawalpindi

In 1951, Rawalpindi saw the assassination of the rst

elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan in
Company Bagh, now known as Liaquat Bagh Park (also
called Liaquat Garden.) On 27 December 2007, Liaquat
Bagh Parks rear gate in Rawalpindi was the site of the
assassination of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.[6]
Her father, former Prime Minister Zulkar Ali Bhutto
was hanged in Rawalpindi in 1979.[7]

in 1850, the city became a permanent garrison of the

British army in 1851. In the late 1870s a railway line
to Rawalpindi was laid, and train service was inaugurated
on 1 October 1880. The need for a railway link arose after Lord Dalhousie made Rawalpindi the headquarters of
the Northern Command and the city became the largest
British military garrison in the British Raj.
The famous Murree Road has been a hot spot for var-

3
relatively dust-free. The weather is highly variable due to
the location of the city. The average annual rainfall is 45
inches (1,100 mm), most of which falls in the summer
monsoon season. However, frontal cloudbands also bring
quite signicant rainfall in the winter. In summer, the
record maximum temperature has soared to 46.5 C
(116 F), while it dropped to a minimum 3.9 C (25
F) in the winter.

4 Economy
The Murree Road

Main article: Economy of Rawalpindi

ious political and social events. Nala Lai, in the mid- The economy of Rawalpindi and the surrounding disdle of the city, had water historically described as pure
enough for drinking but now it has become polluted with
the waste water from all sources including factories and
houses. Kashmir Road was renamed from Dalhousie
Road, Haider Road from Lawrence Road, Bank Road
from Edwards Road, Hospital Road from Mission Road,
Jinnah Road from Nehru Road. Today Rawalpindi is
the headquarters of the Pakistani Army. Pakistan Air
Force also has an active airbase in the Chaklala region
of Rawalpindi.[8][9]

Boundary and expansion

Though Rawalpindi has expanded mostly due to explosive

population pressure, Nespak has been given the responsibility to render the urban planning servicesanalysing
available data and other documents like master plans,
structure plans, outline development plans and census reports. It is also responsible for dening the geographical
features of the city and provides the a rough idea of how
the city could be expanded in the next 20 years.[10][11]

Climate

Main article: Climate of Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi features a humid subtropical climate
(Kppen: Cwa)[12] with long and very hot summers, a
monsoon and short, mild and wet winters. Rawalpindi
and its twin city Islamabad, during the year experiences
an average of 91 thunderstorms, which is the third
highest in frequency after Murree and Kakul. Wind
gusts have been reported by Pakistan Meteorological
Department to have reached 167 km/h (105 mph) in
such thunder/wind storms which results in damage of
infrastructure especially electric poles, billboards and
sometimes buildings too.[13] Rawalpindi is chaotic but

Bank Alfalah branch in Rawalpindi

trict has a diverse industrial base, but remains mainly service based. According to the general survey of industry conducted by Directorate of Industries and Mineral
Development Punjab, there are 939 industrial units operating in the district. This district is not famous for
industrial goods like other districts. The progress has
been mostly in the private sector. The existing industrial
units provide employment to about 35,000 people, i.e.,
about 1.6% of district population is directly employed
in large, medium and small industrial units. The Technical/Vocational Training Institute operating in the district turns out about 1,974 technicians/artisans annually.
They are trained in engineering, air conditioning, drafting, metallurgy, welding, auto knitting, telecom and commerce, etc. Jinnah Road, formerly known as City Saddar
Road, is one of the busiest business markets. It could
be considered as business headquarters northern Pakistan
including retailers, wholesalers, distributors, manufacturers having an approximately cash ow of more than 1 billion rupees per day. The importance of Jinnah Road can
be seen by the presence of more than nine banks on the
road with more opening soon.

7 CULTURE

4.1

Major business

Kohinoor Textile Mills is the largest unit in the district. It is located near Naseer Abad and is equipped
with 50,000 spindles and 1,021 power looms.
Wattan Woolen and Hosiery Mills is tted with
10,000 spindles.
Rahat Woolen Mills, established in 1954, is one of
the oldest and most prominent mills in Rawalpindi.
DM Textile Mills established in 1950 was also one
of the biggest textile mills of its time.
Bahria Town, the largest real-estate developers
and investors in Pakistan, and the largest private
housing society in Asia, has its signature invest- Administrative subdivisions of Rawalpindi District.
ment in Rawalpindi, which is spread over 40,000
Hectares.[14]
Town, Judicial Town, Bahria Town[20] which is the Asias
Murree Brewery, one of the largest company in the largest private colony, Kashmir Housing Society, Danial
heart of the city, is the only licensed company in Town, Al-Haram City, Education City.
Pakistan to make alcoholic products.[15]
Roots School System, Pakistans third largest private
school chain, is headquartered in Rawalpindi.[16]

6 Demographics

Army Welfare Trust is a military owned corporation

Main article: Tribes and Castes of Rawalpindi District
which owns over a dozen companies.[17]
Attock Group of Companies is a multinational
conglomerate company has its headquarters and oil
renery in the city established in 1922. It is the sole
vertically integrated oil conglomerate of the country, it includes 7 subsidiaries.[18]
Defence Housing Authority, Islamabad has its headquarters in Phase-I, and investment in developing
the upcoming Phase-V, which are technically parts
of Rawalpindi.[19]

Civic administration

The City-District of Rawalpindi comprises eight autonomous tehsils, besides Rawalpindi city (divided into
Rawal & Potohar Tehsils)
The famous Murree Road has been a hot spot for various political and social events. Nala Lai, in the middle of city, history describes Nala Lai water as pure
enough for drinking but now it has become polluted with
the waste water from all sources including factories and
houses. Kashmir Road, was renamed from Dalhousie
Road, Haider road from Lawrence road, Bank Road from
Edwards Road, Hospital Road from Mission Road, Jinnah Road from Nehru Road.

The population of Rawalpindi is approximately

1,991,656 according to the 2006 census which includes many people who come from Punjab villages
looking for work in the city. Punjabi is the language
of people and most people speak Pothohari dialect of
Punjabi language. When it comes to Religion, Islam
is followed by 98% of the population. Majority being
from Sunni sect, Minority sects include Shia Ismailis
and Noorbakhshis. There are many mosques throughout
the city. The most famous Mosques are Jamia Mosque,
Raja Bazaar Mosque and Eid Gah Mosque which attract
thousands of visitors daily. Other minority religions
are Christian, Zoroastrian, Bahai, Parsi, Ahmadiyya,
Hinduism and Sikhism. The literacy rate is 80%
(200607). The population is ethnically heterogeneous,
comprising Rajputs, Awans, Jats, Gujjars, Paharis,
Sheikhs, Kashmiris, Pakhtuns, Muhajirs, Hindkowans,
and Qureshis.

7 Culture

Rapidly developing into a large city, Rawalpindi has

many good hotels, restaurants, clubs, museums and
parks, of which the largest is the Ayub National Park.
Rawalpindi forms the base camp for the tourists visitRawalpindi also holds many private colonies that have de- ing the holiday resorts and hill stations of the Galiyat
veloped themselves rapidly, e.g. Gulraiz Housing Soci- area, such as Murree, Nathia Gali, Kotli, Ayubia,
ety, Korang Town, Agochs Town, Ghori Town, Pakistan Rawlakot, Muzaarabad, Bagh, Abbottabad, Samahni,

7.3

Parks and places of interest

Swat, Kaghan, Gilgit, Hunza, Skardu and Chitral.

The crowded alleys of the old city are home to many attractions, including Hindu (in ruins now), Zoroastrian,
Sikh temples and Islamic shrines. There are several museums and arts galleries such as the Lok Virsa, Pakistan
Museum of Natural History,[21] and the Idara Saqafat e
Pakistan.

7.1

Markets and bazaars

Army Welfare Trust Building

Raja Bazaar Rawalpindi

The main bazaar areas are Raja Bazaar in the old city,
Moti Bazaar, Lal Kurti (B1 British Infantry Bazaar),
Said Pur Road, Banni Chowk market and adjacent areas which oers whole sale and retail shops for almost
every thing, Purana Qilla Market famous for its beautiful bridal dresses. Moti Mahal, Bhabra Bazaar, China
Market and Saddar Bazaar, which developed as the cantonment bazaar between the old city and The Mall.

7.2

Military headquarters

Rawalpindi has been a military city since colonial times

and remained an Army headquarters after independence The gate of Paharwala Fort.
in 1947. The city is home to the Pakistan Army Museum, with displays on colonial and present day armies,
armoury of historical signicance and war heroes. Today the city. People from as far out as Peshawer come to Jinnah Park to enjoy its modern facilities. It houses a stateRawalpindi is the headquarters of the Pakistani Army.
of-the-art cinema, Cinepax,[22] a Metro Cash and Carry
supermart, an outlet of McDonalds, gaming lounges,
Motion Rides and other recreational facilities. The vast
7.3 Parks and places of interest
lawns also provide an adequate picnic spot.[23][24] In midAyub National Park is located beyond the old Presidency 2012 3D cinema, The Arena, started its operations in
on Jhelum Road. It covers an area of about 2,300 acres Bahria Town Phase-4 in Rawalpindi.[25][26] The cinema
(930 ha) and has a playland, lake with boating facility, has a maximum capacity of 264 people and caters to the
an aquarium and a garden-restaurant. Rawalpindi Pub- needs of both Rawalpindi and Islamabad residents.
lic Park is on Murree Road near Shamsabad. The Park Rawat Fort is 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawalpindi, on the
was opened to the public in 1991. It has a playland for Grand Trunk (G.T.) Road leading to Lahore. Gakhars,
children, grassy lawns, fountains and ower beds.
a ercely independent tribe of the Pothohar Plateau,
In 2008 Jinnah Park was inaugurated at the heart of built the fort in the early 16th century. The grave of
Rawalpindi and has since become a hotspot of activity for a Gakhar Chief, Sultan Sarang Khan is inside the fort.

SPORTS

He died in 1546 ghting against the forces of Sher Shah

Other: 10%
Suri. A climb up the broken steps inside the tomb is
rewarded with a panoramic view of the plateau and the
Mankiala Stupa. Besides Rawat, about an hours drive 8.1 Punjabi
from Rawalpindi on the Grand Trunk Road toward Peshawar, is Attock Fort. The Akbari fort is not open to the Inhabitants of Rawalpindi District speak a great variety
of Punjabi dialects:
public as it is in active military use.
Pharwala Fort is about 40 km (25 mi) from Rawalpindi
beyond Lehtrar road. It is a Gakhar fort built it in the
15th century on the ruins of a 10th-century Hindi Shahi
Fort. Emperor Babur conquered it in 1519. Later, in
1825, Sikhs expelled Gakhars from this fort. Though in
a crumbling state, it is still an attraction for castle lovers.
The fort, situated in prohibited area, is only open to Pakistani visitors.

Pothohari (Tehsils of Gujar khan,Potohar Town

Rawat & Kallar syedan)

7.4

Ghebi (South western border areas to Attock district)

Architecture

Rawalpindi has numerous sights of architectural masterpieces. A few of the heritage buildings are Purana
Qil'aa (The Old Fort), Bagh Sardaran (Chiefs Gardens),
Haveli Sujaan Sigh (the remains of the Sikh Nawabs of
Rawalpindi; the grand building has been converted into
Fatima Jinnah Women University, which is the only female university established in the region).

Majhi or Standard (Tehsil Rawal town and in cities)

Pahari (Tehsil Muree, Kotli sattian and people of
AJK living in the district)
Chhachi (A variety of hindko spoken in Tehsil Taxila)

Dhani (Southern borders near district Chakwal)

Shah puri (People of Sargodha division living in the
district)
Hindko (Tehsils of Abbottabad,Hazara District)

Other ancient buildings include Jain Mandir, Jain Tem- 8.2 other languages
ple. Gordon College, a prestigious institution of high
learning was set during the British Raj. The shrine of Other languages are:
Hazrat Sakhi Shah Chan Charagh is one of the centres
devotees ock to. An institution of high devotion and so Urdu is the mother tongue of a few people but being
lace located near the famous Raja Bazar. He is the patron
a national language it is spoken and understood by a
saint of the city and regarded as one of the two protecsizable population.
tors of the twin cities, i.e., Islamabad and Rawalpindi,
English is an ocial and educational language;
with Hazrat Bari Imam, his cousin brother. Similarly,
it is understood and spoken by the sizable eduDarbar of descendants of Hazrat Bari Imam i.e. Shah
cated/worker class.
Miran Mustafa and Shah Sharif Badshah is located at
Dhaman Syedan, Rawalpindi. Peer Syed Salamat Hus Pashto: mainly Afghan refugees as well as a few
sain Kazmi, a successor of Shah Miran Mustafa and Shah
Pakistani Pashtun live in the city.
Sharif Muhammad, spread a message of peace, brotherhood and respect for humanity, as taught by his ances Minority languages spoken in Rawalpindi city
tors. Before the death of Peer Salamat Hussain Kazmi,
are languages of dierent parts of Pakistan and
he handed over all the religious responsibilities to his son
Afghanistan by refugees (Sindhi, Kashmiri, Shina,
Syed Talat Abbas Kazmi, who is adamant to the teachings
Balti, Khower, Burshiski, Gujri, Hindko, Ladakhi,
of his father and forefathers.
Hazargi, Tajik, Sindhi, Saraiki, Baluchi, Brahwi).

Languages

9 Sports

The city has an array of stadiums and grounds to meet

the needs of all the popular sports played in the country. Rawalpindi is home to some of the many recognized
As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the players in the history of Pakistani cricket and is known to
demographics of the Rawalpindi district, by spoken lan- produce high-quality fast-bowlers. The most notable of
guage:
the lot is the maverick paceman Shoaib Akhtar, known
as the Rawalpindi Express. Mohammad Aamir is another
Punjabi language: 90%
aspiring fast-bowler from Rawalpindi.
Further information: Punjabi dialects

7
The Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, built in 1992, has a
grass pitch, oodlights, and an initial capacity to hold
20,000 spectators. In mid-2008 plans to increase its capacity were made but lack of adequate funds, and later the
attack on Sri Lankan cricket team lead to abandoning of
the project . The home team are the, one-time T20 champion, Rawalpindi Rams who enjoy fervent support and a
considerable following for their swashbuckling brand of
cricket. Apart from the RCS, there are many other cricket
grounds in the city, including, Pindi Club Ground (home
to the Pindi Club), KRL Stadium, CMTSD Cricket stadium as well as the Attock Oil Renery cricket ground.
There are stadiums for hockey such as the Army Hockey
Stadium, Army Signals Hockey ground as well as the
Noor Station Ground Dhoke Hassu. A full-edged, in- Rawalpindi Medical College, Tipu Road
ternational hockey stadium, to be named after the hockey
great Shahnaz Sheikh, is under construction near Municipal Road and was expected to be completed in late 2012.
There are stadiums for football including the Municipal
Football stadium and the Army Football ground as well.
The COD sports complex houses admirable facilities for
indoor games.

10

Education
Fatima Jinnah Women University

eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School

Certicate); and university programs leading to graduate
and advanced degrees. Rawalpindi has both public and
private educational institutions. Most educational institutions are gender-based, from primary to university level.
Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education,
Rawalpindi, established in 1978 to conduct SSC and
HSSC examinations.
Govt College for Women

Main article:
Rawalpindi

List of educational institutions in

Rawalpindi boasts one of the highest literacy rates in the

country. Its 80% is second only to the capital, Islamabad's
87%. The local populace can easily communicate in
Urdu, and a signicant portion also understands and
speaks English very well. Punjabi is the mainstream local
language; however other Punjabi dialects such as Saraiki,
Hindko, Dhani and Pahari are also understood fairly well.
Education in Rawalpindi can be divided into ve levels: primary (grades one through ve); middle (grades
six through eight); high (grades nine and ten, leading to
the Secondary School Certicate); intermediate (grades

Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University

(also known as Barani University) is a renowned
public university oering research and education in
a number of elds and specializing in agriculture.
It is on the Murree Road and is placed near other
landmarks of the city including the Pindi cricket stadium, Nawaz Sharif Park, Rawalpindi Arts Council
etc.
Army Medical College is also known as the College
of Medical Sciences and is on Abid Majid Road
in Rawalpindi. Separate computer labs are available for post-graduate and undergraduate students.
Other facilities in the campus include a library, cafeteria, college mosque, swimming pool, gym, squash
court, and auditorium. There are seven hostels for
male and female students near the college campus.

11 TRANSPORT
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering is
located on Grand Trunk Road in Rawalpindi, EME
is the largest constituent college of NUST.[27] The
campus includes all on-campus facilities, auditorium and conference hall, accommodation and mess
facilities. The library is fully computerized, with a
collection of 70,000 volumes.
Military College of Signals is on Hamayun Road in
Rawalpindi Cantt; it is the oldest constituent college
of NUST, founded in 1947 after the independence
of Pakistan to train the members of Pakistan Armed
Forces. The College of Telecommunication Engineering is located on this campus. The MCS library
is computerized, with over 55,000 volumes.
Peshawar Road Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi Medical College is one of the most prestigious institutions of Pakistan providing education 11.1 Bus rapid transit
in health care. It is a comprehensive, state-assisted
The work on the Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus Serinstitution. It was established in March 1974.
vice was inaugurated in February 2014 and the system
The Rawalpindi Public Library was one of the ear- launched on 4 June 2015. The Route begins at Saddar,
liest private public libraries organized after separa- Rawalpindi and ends at Secretariat, Islamabad. The last
tion from India. The building was donated for a pub- stop in Rawalpindi is at the end of Stadium Road.
lic library by the then-Deputy Commissioner Major Davis on the initiative of philanthropist Khurshid Anwar Jilani, an attorney, writer and social 11.2 Rail
worker. However, the building was conscated for
election and political campaigning during the last There is an Islamabad/Rawalpindi central railway station
days of Field Marshal Ayub Khans reign, and rare that allows travel to every major city in Pakistan. In addimanuscripts and artifacts were taken away by the in- tion to freight, Pakistan Railways provides passenger rail
uential.
service throughout the day, with train coaches that have
air-conditioning in rst-class.
Foundation University, Islamabad is located on New
Lalazar Road in Rawalpindi, Following the charter to the foundation university,the campus became
one of its constituent part in October 2002.FUI
was established in December 1998 to provide high
quality education that conforms to international
standards.[28] FURC oers BS,MS and PHD in
engineering programs mainly Software Engineering,Telecom Engineering and Electorinc Engineering also the management sciences programs are offered BBA and MBA. In art programs university offers several degrees in psychology,interior architecture design,BA in many languages etc.

11

Transport

There are many ways to get in and around Rawalpindi.

Public transport is diverse, ranging from yellow taxis,
auto-rickshaws, mini-buses and even tongas (horsedrawn carriages). Due to the lack of street planning, trafc jams are found even on smaller roads. For inter-city
travel, air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned buses and
coaches are regularly available to many destinations in
Pakistan.

Rawalpindi Railway Station

The Rawalpindi Railway Station is in the Saddar. It was

built in the 1880s by the government of British India. The
British built many railways across South Asia to facilitate
trade and to consolidate their rule.
The routes the British built from Rawalpindi, which contained a major military base, linked to Lahore, Karachi,
Peshawar, Quetta, Multan, Faisalabad, Hyderabad,
Sindh, Sukkur, Bahawalpur, Jhelum, Gujrat, Gujranwala,

11.5

Bus, auto rickshaw and taxi

Kohat, Khanewal, Nawabshah, Nowshera and the 11.5 Bus, auto rickshaw and taxi
Malakand Pass.
General Bus Stand, Pir Wadhai is the principal station for
interstate buses and other public vehicles which regularly
transports passengers. GBS, Pir Wadhai caters govern11.3 Airport
ment and private buses. Daewoo Express has a terminal
on Peshawar Road along with Niazi Express. Taxis and
auto rickshaws are readily available in the city.

12 Telecommunication
The Pakistan Telecommunication Company (PTCL) provides the main network of landline telephone with minority shares of other operators. All major mobile
phone companies operating in Pakistan provide service
in Rawalpindi.
Pakistans broadband revolution has had a signicant impact on telecommunications in Rawalpindi. The city,
along with other major cities of Pakistan, enjoys a
Benazir Bhutto International Airport in Rawalpindi
widespread coverage from WiFi and WiMAX operators,
with Wateen, WiTribe, Qubee having the most shares.
Benazir Bhutto International Airport is at Chaklala, DSL internet also has a major coverage in the city with
which is a part of Rawalpindi. The airport is served NayaTel and PTCL the main stakeholders.
by over 25 airlines, both national and international.
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the national car- A high speed 3G Network, EVO Nitro, was set up by
rier, has numerous routes, with many domestic and PTCL with maximum speeds of 9.3 Mbit/s to add to the,
international ights every day. Construction on the already established, EVO 3G Network. Though localnew Rawalpindi/Islamabad international airport has been ized, it is the rst instance in the history of telecommustarted near the town of Fateh Jang approximately 25 nication that EVDO RevB technology was commercially
launched.
kilometres (20 mi) from both cities.
The city has a optic bre network, with nearly all major commercial and household areas covered. This network allows the local residents to enjoy maximum inter11.4 Roads
net speeds of 50 Mbps, IPTV services and along with
[29]
Nayatel and PTCL
The main road running through Rawalpindi is the Pe- high-quality telephony services.
are
the
market-leaders
in
the
'triple-play'
service. While
shawer Road. It passes through the city in an east-west
another
operator
(DHA-Teleman)
has
a
network
and curdirection linking up with the N-5. Another major artery
rently
serves
all
the
military
residential
and
civil
areas.
in Rawalpindi is the Murree Road. It runs south-north
through the city (after branching from Peshawar Road)
and continues to the hill station of Murree. Murree Road
is one of the busiest in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

13 Parks

Rawalpindi is on the ancient Grand Trunk Road (also

known as G.T. Road or, more recently, N-5) which
links Rawalpindi to nearly every major city in northern
and southern Pakistan, from Karachi, to Peshawar,
Lahore, Quetta, Multan, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Sukkur,
Bahawalpur, Jhelum, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Kohat,
Khanewal, Nawabshah, Nowshera and the Malakand
Pass.
The city is served by two nearby six-lane motorways:
M2 (Lahore-Islamabad) and M1 (Islamabad-Peshawar),
which were completed in the 1990s. Somewhat further away is the famous Karakoram Highway, the worlds
highest international road, which connects Pakistan to Artistic minarets on Peshawar Road
China.

10

15 HOSPITALS
Rumi Park
Army Race Course Ground
Children Park
502 (Workshop) Park
Rose and Jasmine Garden
Triangular Park (Tikoona Baagh) located just opposite to Military Hospital Rawalpindi.

14 Media
A view of Rawal Dam

Ayub National Park formerly known as 'Topi Rakh'

(keep the hat on) is by the old Presidency, between
the Murree Brewery Co. and Grand Trunk Road. It
covers an area of about 2,300 acres (930 ha) and has
a play area, lake with boating facility, an aquarium, a
garden-restaurant and an open-air theater. This park
hosts "The Jungle Kingdom" which is particularly
popular among young residents.[30]

Rawalpindi, being so close to the capital, has an active

media and newspaper climate. There are over a dozen of
newspaper companies based in the city including Daily
Nawa-i-Waqt, Daily Jang, Daily Asas, The Daily Sada-eHaq, Daily Express, Daily Din, Daily Aajkal Rawalpindi,
Daily Islam, and Daily Pakistan in Urdu and Dawn,
Express Tribune, Daily Times, The News International and
The Nation in English. The prominent online newspaper
of the city is Rawalpindi Times () .

There are a large number of Cable TV service providers

Liaquat Bagh, formerly known as the company in the city.
bagh (East India Companys Garden), is of great
historical interest. The rst prime minister of Pak- Television channels based in Rawalpindi include:
istan, Liaquat Ali Khan, was assassinated here in
ATV
1950. Pakistans Prime Minister Banazir Bhutto
was assassinated here on 27 December 2007. She
Lights Asia
was the youngest elected prime minister in the
world.
Aapna Channel
Rawalpindi Public Park (also known as Nawaz
Sharif Park) is located on Murree Road. The park
was opened in 1991. It has a play area for children,
lawns, fountains and ower beds. A cricket stadium
was built in 1992 opposite the public park. The
1996 World Cup matches were held on this cricket
ground.
Rawalpindi Golf Course was completed in 1926 by
Rawalpindi Golf Club, one of the oldest golf clubs
of Pakistan. The facility was initially developed as
a nine-hole course. After several phases of development, it is now a 27-hole course. From the clubhouse, there is a panoramic view of Faisal Mosque,
the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, and the
course itself. Major golf tournaments are regularly
held here.
Playland is another public park parallel to Ayub
Park; its nearness to many classy colonies and housing schemes makes this wonderland an attractive
hotspot during the holidays.
Liaquat National Bagh
Jinnah Park

Pothohari TV (Regional language channel)

City 51
Pahariwood Network (Regional language channel)
K2 TV
Oxygene TV

15 Hospitals
Medical facilities are readily accessible in Rawalpindi
being the largest city in a 150 kilometer radius, being
the district headquarters and due to its importance as a
military headquarters. The following is a list of large
hospitals: Al-Shifa Eye Hospital
Begum Akhtar Rukhsana Memorial Trust Hospital
Benazir Bhutto Hospital (also known as Center Hospital)

11
Bilal Hospital
Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi (also
known as CMH)
Cantonment Board Hospital Rawalpindi
District Headquarter Hospital Rawalpindi (also
known as DHQ Hospital)
Fauji Foundation Hospital
Jinnah Memorial Hospital
Holy Family hospital
Maryam Memorial Hospital
Military Hospital Rawalpindi (also known as MH)
Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital
Railway Hospital
Valley Clinic
Safari Hospital

16

See also

Rawalpindi District
Demography of Rawalpindi District
Climate of Rawalpindi
Potwari dialect
Lal Haveli
Rawalpindi Gazetteer
Liaquat National Bagh
Christ Church Rawalpindi
Military Hospital Rawalpindi

17 References
[1] http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/
POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GROWTH%
20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf
[2] Takshashila Worlds Oldest University. Hitxp.com.
Retrieved 20 August 2012.
[3] Dutt, Nalinaksha (1998). Buddhist Sects in India. Motilal
Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 9788120804289.
[4] Imperial Gazetter of India, Volume 21, page 272 - Imperial Gazetteer of India - Digital South Asia Library.
Dsal.uchicago.edu. 2013-02-18. Retrieved 22 November
2013.
[5] UK tested poison gas on Indian soldiers. Usatoday.Com. 2007-09-01. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[6] Benazir Bhutto killed in attack. BBC. 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
[7] Siddiqui, Salman. No Morning English Daily Carried the
News of Bhuttos Hanging. Daily Dawn. Retrieved 20
August 2012.
[8] Pakistan Air Force. Defense General. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
[9] PAF Active Bases. Pakistan Air Force. Retrieved 20
August 2012.
[10] It Be Blog. Momers.tumblr.com. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
[11] Picasa Web Albums - Omer Sheikh.
Picasaweb.google.com. 2010-07-23. Retrieved 23 December
2011.
[12] Climate: Rawalpindi - Climate graph, Temperature
graph, Climate table. Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 7
September 2013.
[13] Weather History for Islamabad, Pakistan | Weather Underground. Wunderground.com. 2006-10-13. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[14] Malik Riaz, Chief Executive of Bahria Town (April 14,
2005). Housing boom a solution to Pakistans problems.
Speech given at the NAB conference in Islamabad (Daily
Times). Retrieved May 24, 2009.

Benazir Bhutto Road

[15] Murree Brewery.

November 2013.

Pakhral

[16] http://www.rootsschool.edu.pk/contact.html

Jajja Rajput

[17] Rmy Welfare Trust - Contact. Awt.com.pk. Retrieved

2015-05-14.

Dhamial Rajputs
Dhamial
Adyala jail

Murree Brewery.

Retrieved 22

[18] Attock Renery Limited - Company Prole.

Arl.com.pk. 1915-01-22. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
[19] DHA Islamabad-Rawalpindi. Dhai-r.com.pk. 201112-08. Retrieved 2015-05-14.

12

18

[20] About Bahria Town Rawalpindi - Bahria Town - Your

Lifestyle Destination. Bahriatown.com. Retrieved 22
November 2013.
[21] Pak Army Museum Rawalpindi. museum.com. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[22] Cinepax. Cinepax. 2011-12-02. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
[23] Abbasi, Obaid (2011-11-10). Eid festivity: Picnics,
sightseeing and a lot of swings for the young ones The
Express Tribune. Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
[24] Digital fountain installed at Jinnah Park | Provinces.
Dawn.Com. 2011-08-22. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
[25] Arena, The. The Arena: About Us. Bahria Construction.
[26] Pakistans rst gold class 3D cinema: The Arena opened
at Bahria Town. The Nation.
[27] NUST. Nust.edu.pk. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[28] FUI. Fui.edu.pk. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[29] Nayatel, Communications. Nayatel Coverage Area.
Nayatel.pk. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[30] Two tiger cubs draw crowds to Rawalpindi park The
Express Tribune. Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 23 December 2011.

18

External links

CDG Rawalpindi, Ocial Website

Rawalpindi (Pakistan) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Rawalpindi travel guide from Wikivoyage
Rawalpindi at DMOZ

EXTERNAL LINKS

13

19
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14

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File:Golden_Temple_(Harmandir_Sahib)_in_Amritsar,_India.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/

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