I.

Mladjov, Page 1/12

JAPAN (NIPPON)
According to tradition, the throne of Japan has remained in the hands of the same dynasty since the 7th century BC,
but modern historical analysis suggests that the first traditional monarch, Jinmu, if historical, commenced his reign in the
second half of the 1st century BC. Nintoku is considered the first plausibly historical ruler, but dates are not considered
certain until the reign of Kinmei. The early monarchs of the dynasty used various titles designating a great king (e.g.,
Yamato-kimi and Wa-), and the traditional title tenn (designating a supreme monarch or emperor) seems to have
come into usage in the reign of Tenmu in the late 8th century. The term mikado designates the imperial government
rather than the emperor, akin to the use of the Sublime Porte in relation to the Ottoman Empire.
Buddhism was introduced from Korea in 552, and Chinese Confucian social, philosophical, and administrative
models followed in the 7th century, especially during the regency of Shtoku Taishi (died 621). Unlike their Chinese
counterparts, however, the rulers of Japan found their power constantly curtailed by powerful lords (the later daimyo)
who vied with each other for influence over the court and were supported by private armies of retainers (the later
samurai). In an effort to find more pliable monarchs, clan politics favored the succession of women and children and
frequently forced the abdication of rulers. During the Nara Period (with the capital at Nara/Heij, 710784, and
Nagaoka, 784794), abdications and succession of minors became a rule, and the court came to be dominated by the
Fujiwara clan. Retired rulers (who often took Buddhist monastic orders) could continue to exert influence at court, often
with greater freedom than incumbents. This pattern continued during the Heian Period (with capital at Heian/Kyto,
7941185) in which the ascendancy of the Fujiwara became complete by the clans monopoly on the regency (as kanpaku
or chancellors for adult rulers and sessh or regents for minors) from 880. This ascendancy was formally interrupted in
891930, when no sessh or kanpaku was appointed, but the Fujiwaras held on to their dominant position in the state.
The clans hold on power weakened after 1068, when the tenn attempted to reassert some of his control over
government; this development curiously entailed senior retired tenns (known as in, the institution being insei) wielding
considerable political authority in the place of reigning and usually underage tenns. The Fujiwara clan and its five
principal branches (the Konoe, Kuj, Takatsukasa, Nij, and Ichij families) continued to monopolize the now less
politically significant high offices of sessh and kanpaku until 1868.
The suppression of the Hgen Insurrection in 1156 left the warrior clans of Taira and Minamoto supreme, but led to
increasing rivalry between them. The Taira triumphed after the Heiji Rising in 1160, and Taira Kiyomori dominated
Japan as military dictator for over two decades. After his death, however, Minamoto Yoritomo defeated the Taira in the
Genpei War (11801185), became military dictator, and was formally invested as sei-i tai-shgun (generalissimo, usually
referenced simply as shgun), assuming control over the administration of Japan from Kamakura, while the emperors
court remained at Heian (Kyto). In various forms and under several different clans the shgunate (bakufu) would
continue to administer Japan until 1868. However, since Minamoto Yoritomos title passed to his underage sons, even the
shguns came under the protection of their own set of regents, the shikken, an office monopolized by the Hj clan 1199
1333. From 1252 to 1338 shguns were chosen from among the sons of the tenn, but they did not wield real authority
until after the fall of the Hj clan. The two Mongol attempts to conquer Japan were repelled in 1274 and 1281.
The attempt of the tenn Go-Daigo to assert the monarchs power over Japanese society undid the supremacy of the
Hj in the Genk War of 1333, but gave way to a new hereditary shgunate founded by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336
1338. This resulted in a division of Japan between the Ashikaga-dominated Northern Court at Heian (Kyto) and GoDaigos Southern Court at Sumiyoshi in saka. The Ashikaga shgunate (13361573) eliminated the Southern Court in
1392, and maintained closer control over the imperial government from its headquarters at Muromachi in Heian, than its
predecessor had from distant Kamakura. However, after the death of the shgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1408, and
especially after the internecine nin War 14671477, the Ashikaga shguns gradually lost effective power over the chief

I. Mladjov, Page 2/12

daimyo of the country. In this period the Ashikaga shguns were largely eclipsed by their own representatives (kanrei)
from the Shiba, Hatakeyama, and especially Hosokawa families.
In 1573 the powerful warlord Oda Nobunaga deposed the last Ashikaga shgun and, continuing to defeat recalcitrant
daimyo, dominated the land as great chancellor (daij-daijin) until his death in 1582. One of Oda Nobunagas retainers,
Toyotomi Hideyoshi completed the reunification of Japan as regent (kanpaku) in 1590, and Tokugawa Ieyasu established
himself as the first Tokugawa shgun in 1603. This last development inaugurated the Edo Period (with the shguns
capital at Edo/Tky, 16031868), which at first brought considerable peace and prosperity to Japan, though it was
dominated by political conservatism and xenophobia. Decline set in during the 18th century, and Japan gradually and
reluctantly opened up to western trade initiatives in the 19th century, especially after 1854. Internal problems, dissention,
and external embarrassment undermined the prestige of the Tokugawa shguns, while that of the tenn increased. Under
pressure from the daimyo, the last Tokugawa shgun resigned and the tenn assumed direct control of Japan, moving his
residence from Kyto to Tky.
In spite of the concentration of symbolic authority in the hands of the tenn, his power remained far from absolute.
The feudal system was abolished in 1871 and the samurai were suppressed in 18761877. In spite of this Japan
embarked upon a program of rapid industrialization and modernization. In 1889 Japan acquired a constitution and a
bicameral parliament along western lines and in 1890 new civil, commercial, and criminal law codes were put into effect.
In 1895 Japan defeated Qing China in Korea, and in 1905 it defeated Russia on both land and sea, effectively establishing
a protectorate over the Korean Peninsula (a formal protectorate was declared in 1907, followed by annexation in 1910).
In World War I Japan supplied the Allies with munitions and supplanted German commerce in East Asia. In 1931 Japan
occupied Manchuria and in 1932 set up a puppet state there under the last Qing emperor of China. In 1939 Japan joined
Germany and Italy in the Tripartite Pact, and during World War II it overran much of the Pacific and Indian Oceans,
until defeated by the United States in 1945. Shwa (Hirohito) publicly disclaimed the tenns traditional divinity in
1946, and a new, more liberal constitution came into effect in 1947.
Japanese monarchs are known by their posthumous names; beginning with the death of Meiji (Mutsuhito) in 1912,
the posthumous name is always the same as the era name used by the tenn during his life (in earlier periods the era
names had changed at intervals, often within a single reign). In the list below emperors are listed by the years of their
reign (not era), posthumous names (even if shared with an era name), and personal names (where known).
Monarchs
Yamato Period 40 BCAD 710
c.4010 BC

Jinmu son of Hikonagisa, son of Hikohohodemi, son of Ninigi, son of Ame, son of the sun-goddess
Amaterasu

c.10 BCAD 20

Suizei son of Jinmu

c.2050

Annei son of Suizei

c.5080

Itoku son of Annei

c.80110

Ksh son of Itoku

c.110140

Kan son of Ksh

c.140170

Krei son of Kan

c.170200

Kgen son of Krei

c.200230

Kaika son of Kgen

230258

Sujin son of Kaika

I. Mladjov, Page 3/12

258290

Suinin son of Sujin

290322

Keik son of Suinin

322355

Seimu son of Keik

355362

Chai son of Yamatotakeru, son of Keik

362394

jin posthumous son of Chai; mother Jing regent

394427

Nintoku son of jin

427432

Rich son of Nintoku

432437

Hanzei son of Nintoku

437454

Ingy son of Nintoku

454457

Ank son of Ingy

457489

Yryaku son of Ingy

489494

Seinei son of Yryaku

494497

Kenz son of Iwasaka, son of Rich

497504

Ninken brother of Kenz

504510

Buretsu son of Ninken

510527

Keitai (do) 1 son of Hikonushi, son of Ohi, son of Ohohodo, son of Wakanuke, son of jin

527535

Ankan son of Keitai

535539

Senka son of Keitai

539571

Kinmei son of Keitai by Tashiraka, daughter of Ninken

571585

Bidatsu son of Kinmei

585587

Ymei (Tachibana) son of Kinmei

587592

Sushun (Hatsusebe) son of Kinmei

592628

Suiko (Nukatabe) daughter of Kinmei; widow of Bidatsu; regency of Shtoku Taishi

628641

Jomei (Tamura) son of Oshisaka Hikohito, son of Bidatsu

641645

Kgyoku (Takara) daughter of Chinu, brother of Jomei; widow of Jomei; abdicated

645654

Ktoku (Karu) brother of Kgyoku

654661

Saimei (Takara) restored (previously Kgyoku)

661672

Tenji (Naka) son of Jomei and Saimei

672

Kbun (tomo) son of Tenji

672686

Tenmu (ama) son of Jomei, and Saimei; first to employ title tenn

686697

Jit (Unonosarara) daughter of Tenji; widow of Tenmu; abdicated, died 703

697707

Monmu (Karu) son of Genmei (below), by Kusakabe, son of Tenmu and Jit
Nara Period 710794

707715

Genmei (Ahe) daughter of Tenji; mother of Monmu; abdicated, died 721

715724

Gensh (Hitaka) sister of Monmu; abdicated, died 748

724749

Shmu (Obito) son of Monmu; abdicated, died 756

749758

Kken (Abe) daughter of Shmu; abdicated

758764

Junnin 2 (i) son of Toneri, son of Tenmu; deposed, died 765

Husband of Tashiraka, daughter of Ninken.

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764770

Shtoku (Abe) restored (previously Kken)

770781

Knin (Shirakabe) son of Shiki, son of Tenji; abdicated, died 782

Heian Period 7941185

781806

Kanmu (Yamabe) son of Knin

806809

Heizei (Ote) son of Kanmu; abdicated, died 824

809823

Saga (Kamino) son of Kanmu; abdicated, died 842

823833

Junna 3 (tomo) son of Kanmu; abdicated, died 840

833850

Ninmy (Masara) son of Saga; abdicated, died 850

850858

Montoku (Michiyasu) son of Ninmy

858879

Seiwa 4 (Korehito) son of Montoku; abdicated, died 880

879884

Yzei (Sadaakira) son of Seiwa; deposed, died 949

884887

Kk 5 (Tokiyasu) son of Ninmy

887897

Uda (Sadami) son of Kk; abdicated, died 931

897930

Daigo (Atsuhito) son of Uda; abdicated, died 930

930946

Suzaku (Yutaakira) son of Daigo; abdicated, died 952

946967

Murakami (Nariakira) son of Daigo

967969

Reizei (Norihira) son of Murakami; abdicated, died 1011

969984

En'y (Morihira) son of Murakami; abdicated, died 991

984986

Kazan (Morosada) son of Reizei; abdicated, died 1008

9861011

Ichij (Yasuhito) son of En'y

10111016

Sanj (Okisada) son of Reizei; abdicated, died 1017

10161036

Go-Ichij (Atsuhira) son of Ichij

10361045

Go-Suzaku (Atsunaga) son of Ichij; abdicated, died 1045

10451068

Go-Reizei (Chikahito) son of Go-Suzaku

10681073

Go-Sanj (Takahito) son of Go-Suzaku by Sadako, daughter of Sanj; abdicated, died 1073

10731087

Shirakawa (Sadahito) son of Go-Sanj; abdicated (in 10871129), died 1129

10871107

Horikawa (Taruhito) son of Shirakawa

11071123

Toba (Munehito) son of Horikawa; abdicated (in 11291156), died 1156

11231142

Sutoku (Akihito) son of Toba; abdicated, died 1164

11421155

Konoe (Narihito) son of Toba

11551158

Go-Shirakawa (Masahito) son of Toba; abdicated (in 11581192), died 1192

11581165

Nij (Morihito) son of Go-Shirakawa; abdicated, died 1165

11651168

Rokuj (Nobuhito) son of Nij; abdicated, died 1176

11681180

Takakura (Norihito) son of Go-Shirakawa; abdicated, died 1181

11801185

Antoku (Tokihito) son of Takakura

Also known as Haitei.

Also known as Sai.
4 Also known as Mizunoo.
5 Also known as Komatsu.
2
3

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Kamakura Period 11851333

11851198

Go-Toba (Takahira) son of Takakura; rival since 1183; abdicated (in 11981221), died 1239

11981210

Tsuchimikado (Tanehito) son of Go-Toba; abdicated, died 1231

12101221

Juntoku (Morinari) son of Go-Toba; abdicated, died 1242

1221

Chky 6 (Kanenari) son of Juntoku; deposed, died 1234

12211232

Go-Horikawa (Yutahito) son of Morisada (Go-Takakura, 7 in 12211223), son of Takakura;

abdicated, died 1234

12321242

Shij (Mitsuhito) son of Go-Horikawa

12421246

Go-Saga (Kunihito) son of Tsuchimikado; abdicated (in 12461272), died 1272

12461260

Go-Fukakusa (Hisahito) son of Go-Saga; abdicated (in 12871289), died 1304

12601274

Kameyama (Tsunehito) son of Go-Saga; abdicated (in 12741287), died 1305

12741287

Go-Uda (Yohito) son of Kameyama; abdicated (in 13011308 and 13181321), died 1324

12871298

Fushimi (Hirohito) son of Go-Fukakusa; abdicated (in 12981301 and 13081313), died 1317

12981301

Go-Fushimi (Tanehito) son of Fushimi; abdicated (in 13131318), died 1336

13011308

Go-Nij (Kuniharu) son of Go-Uda

13081318

Hanazono (Tomihito) son of Fushimi; abdicated, died 1348

13181331

Go-Daigo (Takaharu) son of Go-Uda; deposed

13311333

Kgon (Kazuhito) son of Go-Fushimi; deposed (in in North 13481351), died 1364
Kenmu Restoration 13331336 and Southern Court 13361392

13331339

Go-Daigo (Takaharu) restored; retreated to Sumiyoshi as ruler of the Southern Court

13391368

Go-Murakami (Noriyoshi) son of Go-Daigo

13681383

Chkei (Yutanari) son of Go-Murakami; abdicated, died 1394

13831392

Go-Kameyama (Hironari) son of Go-Murakami; abdicated, died 1424

Northern Court 13361392 and Muromachi Period 13921573

13361348

Kmy (Yutahito) son of Go-Fushimi; ruled from Heian; abdicated, died 1380

13481351

Suk (Okihito 8) son of Kgon; captured by the Southern Court, died 1398

13521371

Go-Kgon (Iyahito) son of Kgon; abdicated (in 13711374), died 1374

13711382

Go-En'y (Ohito) son of Go-Kgon; abdicated (in 13821393), died 1393

13821412

Go-Komatsu (Motohito) son of Go-En'y; empire reunited 1392; abdicated (in 14121433),
died 1433

14121428

Shko (Mihito) son of Go-Komatsu

14281464

Go-Hanazono (Hikohito 9) son of Sadafusa (Go-Suk), son of Yoshihito, son of Suk; abdicated
(in 14641471), died 1471

14641500

Go-Tsuchimikado (Naruhito) son of Go-Hanazono

15001526

Go-Kashiwabara (Katsuhito) son of Go-Tsuchimikado

15261557

Go-Nara (Tomohito) son of Go-Kashiwabara

Also known as Go-Haitei.

Go-Takakura had never reigned as tenn, but was named in by the shgunate.
8 Originally Masuhito.
9 Adopted by either Go-Komatsu or Shko.
6
7

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Azuchi-Momoyama Period 15731603

15571586

gimachi (Michihito) son of Go-Nara; abdicated, died 1593

Edo Period 16031868

15861611

Go-Yzei (Katahito 10) son of Masahito, son of gimachi; abdicated, died 1617

16111629

Go-Mizunoo (Kotohito) son of Go-Yzei; abdicated (in 16291643), died 1680

16291643

Meish (Okiko) daughter of Go-Mizunoo; abdicated, died 1696

16431654

Go-Kmy (Tsuguhito) son of Go-Mizunoo

16541663

Go-Sai (Nagahito) son of Go-Mizunoo; abdicated, died 1685

16631687

Reigen (Satohito 11) son of Go-Mizunoo; abdicated (in 16871709 and 17101713), died 1732

16871709

Higashiyama (Asahito) son of Reigen; abdicated (in 17091710), died 1710

17091735

Nakamikado (Yasuhito) son of Higashiyama; abdicated, died 1737

17351747

Sakuramachi (Teruhito) son of Nakamikado; abdicated, died 1750

17471762

Momozono (Thito) son of Sakuramachi

17621771

Go-Sakuramachi (Toshiko) daughter of Sakuramachi; abdicated, died 1813

17711779

Go-Momozono (Hidehito) son of Momozono

17791817

Kkaku (Tomohito 12) son of Sukehito, son of Naohito, son of Higashiyama; abdicated, died 1840

18171846

Nink (Ayahito) son of Kkaku

18461867

Komei (Osahito) son of Nink

Modern Period 1868

18671912

Meiji (Mutsuhito) son of Komei

19121926

Taish (Yoshihito) son of Meiji

19261989

Shwa (Hirohito) son of Taish; regent since 1921

1989

Heisei 13 (Akihito) son of Shwa

Civilian and Military Dictators (regents, shguns, and chancellors)

Fujiwara regents (sessh) and chancellors (kanpaku) in the Heian and Kamakura Periods
858872

Fujiwara Yoshifusa son of Fujiwara Fuyutsugu; sessh

872890

Fujiwara Mototsune son of Nagayoshi, brother of Yoshifusa; sessh 872, kanpaku 880; retired, died 891

891909

Fujiwara Tokihira son of Mototsune; posthumously sessh 909

909930

(no Fujiwara regents, chancellors, or imperial inspectors)

930949

Fujiwara Tadahira son of Mototsune; sessh 930, kanpaku 941

949970

Fujiwara Saneyori son of Tadahira; kanpaku 967, sessh 969

970972

Fujiwara Koretada son of Morosuke, brother of Saneyori; sessh

972977

Fujiwara Kanemichi brother of Koretada; kanpaku; retired, died 977

977986

Fujiwara Yoritada son of Saneyori; kanpaku; retired, died 989

Originally Kazuhito.
Adopted by Go-Kmy.
12 Originally Morohito; adopted by Go-Momozono; husband of Yoshiko daughter of Go-Momozono.
13 During the emperors lifetime, this is only the era name, but it becomes the posthumous name after his death.
10
11

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986990

Fujiwara Kaneie brother of Kanemichi; sessh 986, kanpaku 990; retired, died 990

990995

Fujiwara Michitaka son of Kaneie; kanpaku 990, sessh 990, kanpaku 993; retired, died 995

995
9951017

Fujiwara Michikane son of Kaneie; kanpaku

Fujiwara Michinaga son of Kaneie; sessh 1016; retired, died 1028

10171068

Fujiwara Yorimichi son of Michinaga; sessh 1017, kanpaku 1020; retired, died 1074

10681075

Fujiwara Norimichi son of Michinaga; kanpaku

10751094

Fujiwara Morozane son of Yorimichi; kanpaku 1075, sessh 1086, kanpaku 1090; retired, died 1101

10941099

Fujiwara Moromichi son of Morozane; kanpaku

10991121

Fujiwara Tadazane son of Moromichi; kanpaku 1105, sessh 1107, kanpaku 1113; resigned, died 1162

11211158

Fujiwara Tadamichi son of Tadazane; kanpaku 1121, sessh 1123, kanpaku 1129, sessh 1141,
kanpaku 1150; resigned, died 1164

11581166

Konoe Motozane son of Fujiwara Tadamichi; kanpaku 1158, sessh 1165

11661179

Fujiwara Motofusa son of Fujiwara Tadamichi; sessh 1166, kanpaku 1172; retired, died 1230

11791183

Konoe Motomichi son of Konoe Motozane; kanpaku 1179, sessh 1180, deposed

11831184

Matsudono Moroie son of Fujiwara Motofusa; sessh; deposed, died 1238

11841186

Konoe Motomichi restored as sessh, deposed

11861196

Kuj Kanezane son of Fujiwara Tadamichi; sessh 1186, kanpaku 1191; replaced, died 1207

11961202

Konoe Motomichi restored as kanpaku 1196, sessh 1198; resigned, died 1233

12021206

Kuj Yoshitsune son of Kuj Kanezane; sessh

12061221

Konoe Iezane son of Konoe Motomichi; sessh 1206, kanpaku 1206; replaced

1221

Kuj Michiie son of Kuj Yoshitsune; sessh; replaced

12211228

Konoe Iezane restored as sessh 1221, kanpaku 1223; retired, died 1242

12281231

Kuj Michiie restored as kanpaku; replaced

12311235

Kuj Norizane son of Kuj Michiie; kanpaku 1231, sessh 1232

12351237

Kuj Michiie restored as sessh; replaced, died 1252

12371242

Konoe Kanetsune son of Konoe Iezane; sessh 1237, kanpaku 1242; replaced

12421246

Nij Yoshizane son of Kuj Michiie; kanpaku; replaced

12461247

Ichij Sanetsune son of Kuj Michiie; kanpaku 1246, sessh 1246

12471252

Konoe Kanetsune restored as sessh; replaced, died 1259

12521261

Takatsukasa Kanehira son of Konoe Iezane; sessh 1252; kanpaku 1254

12611265

Nij Yoshizane restored as kanpaku; replaced, died 1270

12651267

Ichij Sanetsune restored as kanpaku; replaced, died 1284

12671268

Konoe Motohira son of Konoe Kanetsune; kanpaku

12681273

Takatsukasa Mototada son of Takatsukasa Kanehira; kanpaku; replaced, died 1313

12731274

Kuj Tadaie son of Kuj Norizane; kanpaku 1273, sessh 1274; replaced, died 1275

12741275

Ichij Ietsune son of Ichij Sanetsune; sessh; replaced, died 1293

12751287

Takatsukasa Kanehira restored as sessh 1275; kanpaku 1278; retired, died 1294

12871289

Nij Morotada son of Nij Yoshizane; kanpaku; replaced, died 1341

12891291

Konoe Iemoto son of Konoe Motohira; kanpaku; replaced

I. Mladjov, Page 8/12

12911293

Kuj Tadanori son of Kuj Tadaie; kanpaku; replaced, died 1332

12931296

Konoe Iemoto restored as kanpaku

12961298

Takatsukasa Kanetada son of Takatsukasa Kanehira; kanpaku 1296, sessh 1298; retired, died 1301

12981305

Nij Kanemoto son of Nij Yoshizane; adopted by Morotada; sessh 1298, kanpaku 1300; replaced,
died 1334

13051308

Kuj Moronori son of Kuj Tadanori; kanpaku 1305; sessh 1308; replaced, died 1320

13081313

Takatsukasa Fuyuhira son of Takatsukasa Kanetada; adopted by Mototada; sessh 1308, kanpaku
1311; replaced

13131315

Konoe Iehira son of Konoe Iemoto; kanpaku; replaced, died 1324

13151316

Takatsukasa Fuyuhira restored as kanpaku; replaced

13161318

Nij Michihira son of Nij Kanemoto; kanpaku; replaced

13181323

Ichij Uchitsune son of Ichij Uchisane, son of Ichij Ietsune; kanpaku; replaced, died 1325

13231324

Kuj Fusazane son of Kuj Tadanori; adopted by Moronori; kanpaku; replaced, died 1327

13241327

Takatsukasa Fuyuhira restored as kanpaku

13271330

Nij Michihira restored as kanpaku; replaced, died 1335

1330
13301333

Konoe Tsunetada son of Konoe Iehira; kanpaku; replaced, died 1352

Takatsukasa Fuyunori son of Takatsukasa Mototada; adopted by Fuyuhira; kanpaku; replaced,
died 1337
Taira dictators

11601181

Taira Kiyomori son of Taira Tadamori, son of Masamori, son of Masahira, son of Masanori, son of
Korehira, son of Sadamori, son of Kunika, son of Takamochi, son of Takami, son of Katsurabara,
son of Kanmu-tenn; daij-daijin 11671169

11811185

Taira Munemori son of Kiyomori; captured, executed 1185

Kamakura Shgunate (Bakufu)

14

11851199

Minamoto Yoritomo son of Minamoto Yoshitomo, son of Tameyoshi, son of Yoshichika, son of
Yoshiie, son of Yoriyoshi, son of Yorinobu, son of Mitsunaka, son of Tsunemoto, son of
Sadazumi, son of Seiwa-tenn; shgun (sei-i tai-shgun) 1192

11991203

Minamoto Yoriie son of Minamoto Yoritomo; installed 1202; deposed, died 1204

12031219

Minamoto Sanetomo son of Minamoto Yoritomo

12191244

Kuj Yoritsune 14 son of the sessh Kuj Michiie; installed 1226; resigned, died 1256

12441252

Kuj Yoritsugu son of Kuj Yoritsune; deposed, died 1256

12521266

Munetaka son of Go-Saga-tenn; deposed, died 1274

12661289

Koreyasu son of Munetaka; deposed, died 1326

12891308

Hisaaki son of Go-Fukakusa-tenn; deposed, died 1328

13081333

Morikuni son of Hisaaki; deposed, died 1333

Husband of Take Gosho, daughter of Minamoto Yoriie.

I. Mladjov, Page 9/12

Hj regents of the Kamakura Shgunate

11991205

Hj Tokimasa 15 son of Hj Tokiie; shikken for the shguns; resigned, died 1215

12051224

Hj Yoshitoki son of Tokimasa

12241242

Hj Yasutoki son of Yoshitoki

12421246

Hj Tsunetoki son of Tokiuji, son of Yasutoki

12461256

Hj Tokiyori brother of Tsunetoki; deposed, died 1263

12561264

Hj Nagatoki son of Shigetoki, son of Yoshitoki

12641268

Hj Masamura son of Yoshitoki; resigned, died 1273

12681284

Hj Tokimune son of Tokiyori

12841301

Hj Sadatoki son of Tokimune; resigned, died 1311

13011311

Hj Morotoki son of Munemasa, son of Tokiyori

13111312

Hj Munenobu son of Nobutoki, son of Tomonao, son of Tokifusa, son of Tokimasa

13121315

Hj Hirotoki son of Tametoki, son of Tokimura, son of Masamura

13151316

Hj Mototoki son of Tokinari, son of Naritoki, son of Shigetoki; resigned, died 1333

13161326

Hj Takatoki son of Sadatoki; resigned, died 1333

1326
13271333

Hj Sadaaki son of Akitoki, son of Sanetoki, son of Saneyasu, son of Yoshitoki; resigned, died 1333
Hj Moritoki son of Hisatoki, son of Yoshimune, son of Nagatoki
Kenmu Shgunate (Bakufu)

13331334

Morinaga son of Go-Daigo-tenn; captured by the Ashikaga, died 1335

13341338

Narinaga brother of Morinaga; deposed, died 1338

Muromachi or Ashikaga Shgunate (Bakufu)

15

13381358

Ashikaga Takauji son of Ashikaga Sadauji, son of Ietoki, son of Yoriuji, son of Yasuuji, son of
Yoshiuji, son of Yoshikane, son of Yoshiyasu, son of Yoshikuni, son of Yoshiie, son of Yoriyoshi,
son of Yorinobu, son of Mitsunaka, son of Tsunemoto, son of Sadazumi, son of Seiwa-tenn

13581367

Ashikaga Yoshiakira son of Takauji

13671394

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu son of Yoshiakira; installed 1368; resigned, died 1408

13941423

Ashikaga Yoshimochi son of Yoshimitsu; resigned

14231425

Ashikaga Yoshikazu son of Yoshimochi

14251428

Ashikaga Yoshimochi restored (de facto)

14281441

Ashikaga Yoshinori son of Yoshimitsu; installed 1429

14411443

Ashikaga Yoshikatsu son of Yoshinori; installed 1442

14431473

Ashikaga Yoshimasa son of Yoshinori; installed 1449; resigned, died 1490

14731489

Ashikaga Yoshihisa son of Yoshimasa

14891493

Ashikaga Yoshitane son of Yoshimi, son of Yoshinori; installed 1490; deposed

14931508

Ashikaga Yoshizumi son of Masatomo, son of Yoshinori; installed 1494; deposed, died 1511

15081521

Ashikaga Yoshitane restored; deposed, died 1523

Brother of Hj Masako, widow of Minamoto Yoritomo and mother of Minamoto Yoriie and Minamoto Sanetomo.

I. Mladjov, Page 10/12

15211546

Ashikaga Yoshiharu son of Yoshizumi; resigned, died 1550

15461565

Ashikaga Yoshiteru son of Yoshiharu

15651568

Ashikaga Yoshihide son of Yoshitsuna, son of Yoshizumi; installed 1568; deposed, died 1568

15681573

Ashikaga Yoshiaki son of Yoshiharu; deposed, died 1597

Kanrei of the Muromachi Shgunate

13621366

Shiba Yoshimasa son of Shiba Takatsune; kanrei; replaced

13671379

Hosokawa Yoriyuki son of Hosokawa Yoriharu; replaced, died 1392

13791391

Shiba Yoshimasa restored; replaced

13911393

Hosokawa Yorimoto adopted son of Hosokawa Yoriyuki; brother of Yoriyuki; replaced, died 1397

13931398

Shiba Yoshimasa restored; replaced, died 1410

13981405

Hatakeyama Motokuni son of Hatakeyama Yoshit; replaced, died 1406

14051409

Shiba Yoshishige son of Shiba Yoshimasa; replaced, died 1418

14091410

Shiba Yoshiatsu son of Shiba Yoshishige; replaced

14101412

Hatakeyama Mitsuie son of Hatakeyama Motokuni; replaced

14121421

Hosokawa Mitsumoto son of Hosokawa Yorimoto; replaced, died 1426

14211429

Hatakeyama Mitsuie restored; replaced, died 1433

14291432

Shiba Yoshiatsu restored; replaced, died 1434

14321442

Hosokawa Mochiyuki son of Hosokawa Mitsumoto

14421445

Hatakeyama Mochikuni son of Hatakeyama Mitsuie; replaced

14451449

Hosokawa Katsumoto son of Hosokawa Mochiyuki; replaced

14491452

Hatakeyama Mochikuni restored; replaced, died 1455

14521464

Hosokawa Katsumoto restored; replaced

14641467

Hatakeyama Masanaga adopted son of Hatakeyama Mochikuni; son of Hatakeyama Mochitomi,

son of Hatakeyama Mitsuie; replaced

14671468

Shiba Yoshikado son of Shibukawa Yoshikane, son of Shibukawa Mitsuyori by daughter of Shiba
Yoshimasa; replaced, died 1480

14681473

Hosokawa Katsumoto restored

14731486

Hatakeyama Masanaga restored 1473 and 1478; replaced

1486

Hosokawa Masamoto son of Hosokawa Katsumoto; replaced

14861487

Hatakeyama Masanaga restored; replaced, died 1493

14871507

Hosokawa Masamoto restored 1487, 1490, 1494

1507

Hosokawa Sumiyuki adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto; son of Kuj Masamoto, son of Mitsuie,
son of Tsunenori, son of Michinori, son of the kanpaku Kuj Moronori

15071508

Hosokawa Sumimoto adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto; son of Hosokawa Yoshiharu, son of
Shigeyuki, son of Kyy, son of Mitsuhisa, son of Mitsushi, brother of Hosokawa Yorimoto;
replaced, died 1520

15081525

Hosokawa Takakuni adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto; son of Hosokawa Masaharu, son of
Kyharu, son of Mochiharu, son of Mitsukuni, son of Hosokawa Yorimoto; replaced

1525

Hosokawa Tanekuni son of Hosokara Takakuni

I. Mladjov, Page 11/12

1526

Hatakeyama Yoshitaka son of Hatakeyama Yoshihide, son of Yoshitoyo, son of Yoshinari, son of
Hatakeyama Mochikuni; replaced, died 1532

15261531

Hosokawa Takakuni restored; in exile from 1527

15321552

Hosokawa Harumoto son of Hosokawa Sumimoto; rival since 1527; installed 1536; in exile from
1549; replaced, died 1563

15521563

Hosokawa Ujitsuna adopted son of Hosokawa Takakuni; son of Hosokawa Tadakata, son of
Masakata, son of Masakuni, son of Mochiharu, son of Mitsukuni, son of Hosokawa Yorimoto;
replaced, died 1564
Azuchi and Momoyama Hegemony

15731582
1582

Oda Nobunaga son of Oda Nobuhide; daij-daijin

Akechi Mitsuhide son of Akechi Mitsukuni

15821585

Oda Hidenobu son of Nobutaka, son of Nobunaga; deposed, died 1602

15851592

Toyotomi Hideyoshi son of Nakamura Yanosuke; kanpaku; resigned

15921595

Toyotomi Hidetsugu adopted son of Hideyoshi16

15951598

Toyotomi Hideyoshi restored

15981603

Toyotomi Hideyori son of Hideyoshi; deposed, died 1615

Edo or Tokugawa Shgunate (Bakufu)

16

16031605

Tokugawa Ieyasu son of Matsudaira Hirotada, son of Kiyoyasu, son of Nobutada, son of
Nagachika, son of Chikatada, son of Nobimutsu, son of Yasuchika, son of Chikauji, son of
Arichika, son of Chikasue, son of Masayoshi, son of Mitsuyoshi, son of Ietoki, son of Noriuji, son
of Yoriuji, son of Yoshisue, son of Yoshishige, son of Yoshikuni, son of Yoshiie, son of Yoriyoshi,
son of Yorinobu, son of Mitsunaka, son of Tsunemoto, son of Sadazumi, son of Seiwa-tenn;
resigned, died 1616

16051623

Tokugawa Hidetada son of Ieyasu; resigned, died 1632

16231651

Tokugawa Iemitsu son of Hidetada

16511680

Tokugawa Ietsuna son of Iemitsu

16801709

Tokugawa Tsunayoshi son of Iemitsu

17091712

Tokugawa Ienobu son of Tsunashige, son of Iemitsu

17121716

Tokugawa Ietsugu son of Ienobu

17161745

Tokugawa Yoshimune son of Mitsusada, son of Yorinobu, son of Ieyasu; resigned, died 1751

17451760

Tokugawa Ieshige son of Yoshimune; resigned, died 1761

17601786

Tokugawa Ieharu son of Ieshige

17861837

Tokugawa Ienari son of Harusada, son of Munetada, son of Yoshimune; resigned, died 1841

18371853

Tokugawa Ieyoshi son of Ienari

18531858

Tokugawa Iesada son of Ieyoshi

18581866

Tokugawa Iemochi son of Nariyori, son of Ienari

Son of Miyoshi Yoshifusa by Zuiry, sister of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

I. Mladjov, Page 12/12

18661868

Tokugawa Yoshinobu son of Nariaki, son of Harutoshi, son of Harumori, son of Munemoto, son
of Munetaka, son of Yoritoyo, son of Yorishige, son of Yorifusa, son of Ieyasu; resigned, died 1913

BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHY:
M.E. BERRY, The Culture of Civil War in Kyoto, Berkeley 1994
E. PAPINOT, A Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan, Tokyo 1948
G. SANSOM, A History of Japan to 1334, Stanford 1958
G. SANSOM, A History of Japan, 13341615, Stanford 1961
G. SANSOM, A History of Japan, 16151867, Stanford 1963
I. TITSINGH, Nipon o da itsi ran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon, Paris 1834