Power

Supply
Project
Report

This report summarizes the

procedure of Power Supply
making, a project given to as
a semester project.

Submitted To:
Sir Mohsin Jameel

Submitted By:
Muhammad Abdullah Haroon Shah
Husnain Murtaza
Talha Yousuf

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION:................................................................................. 2
2 COMPONENTS LIST:............................................................................ 2
3 BLOCK DIAGRAM:............................................................................... 2
4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:........................................................................ 2
4.1 FUNCTION OF EACH COMPONENT:.............................................................3
4.1.1 TRANSFORMER:..................................................................................................... 3
4.1.2 DIODE:................................................................................................................ 3
4.1.3 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:........................................................................................... 3
4.1.4 CAPACITOR:.......................................................................................................... 3
4.1.5 REGULATOR:......................................................................................................... 4
5 SIMULATION:...................................................................................... 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

OUTPUT FROM TRANSFORMER:.................................................................5

AFTER RECTIFICATION:...........................................................................5
FILTERED WAVE:..................................................................................6
REGULATED 5V OUTPUT:........................................................................6
EFFECT OF LOWERING FILTER CAPACITOR (2200F---1F):..........................7

6 CONCLUSION:..................................................................................... 7

1 Introduction:

he project required us to apply the knowledge obtained In Basic

electronics Course to make a Power Supply. Input of power
supply is 220V AC 50-60 Hz provide from a regular wall socket
while the output is 5V DC.

2 Components List:

Transformer(230V,50Hz------>18V,50Hz)
Diode(1N4007) X 4 (for rectification)
Capacitor (2200F as a filter)
Resistor (1k)
Regulator: L7805 (5V,1.5A)

3 Block Diagram:
4 Schematic Diagram:

4.1

Function Of each Component:

4.1.1
Transformer:
Transformers are used to change AC voltages from one voltage level to
another within power networks. Transformer works on the principle of
Electromagnetic Induction. A varying current in the transformer's
primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's
secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux at the secondary
winding induces a varying voltage in the secondary winding due to
electromagnetic induction.
In our project transformer is used to step-down the voltage
from the socket (AC 220V) to ~AC-18V.
4.1.2
Diode:
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily
in one direction. In our project four diodes are used to make a
full-wave rectifier.
4.1.3
Full Wave Rectifier:
A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input AC waveform to
one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full-wave
rectification converts both polarities polarity (positive or negative) of
the input waveform to pulsating DC (direct current).
The configuration of diodes to produce pulsating DC voltage from AC

Input

Output

In our
project we converted 18VAC transformer output
to DC
pulsating voltage
using full wave rectifier.
4.1.4
Capacitor:
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to
store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. In our project
capacitor is used as filter
Capacitor as filter: Capacitor in power supply is used as filter to
remove fluctuations in the output of Full-wave rectifier and provide a
constant DC voltage .Constant DC voltage is required for many

electronic devices so filter is very important component in power

supply.Capacitor filter is simply the capacitor connected from rectifier
output to ground. The load is applied parallel to capacitor.
The configuration of capacitor as filter:
The voltage produced from filtering is not constant but rather with
minute fluctuations. These fluctuations are called ripples. Larger the
fluctuations less effective the filtering. Filtering depends on
capacitance of capacitor. Larger the capacitance more effective

filtering
voltage at the end of filter is:

.The

4.1.5
Regulator:
A regulator is a component of power supply which maintains a constant
output voltage (current) despite changes in input, load current or
temperature
Most regulators are integrated circuits with three terminals-an input
terminal, an output terminal, and reference terminal.
L7805 Regulator
We have used the L7805 regulator. It is an integrated circuit
regulator .We can apply the input voltage of range 5V-18V and can
obtain 5V at output
The configuration is:

5 Simulation:
5.1 Output From transformer:

5.2 After rectification:

5.3 Filtered Wave:

5.4 Regulated 5V Output:

5.5 Effect of lowering filter capacitor (2200F---1F):

The less the value of capacitor, the greater will be fluctuation

6 Conclusion:
It was a good learning experience to apply the theoretical knowledge
and produce a power supply. We faced many problems during the
project like Faulty components, Soldering issues etc but it was rather
good experience to face and solve such problems.