Supporting Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015

Component C:
Supporting women
entrepreneurs in
agriculture 2012-2015
The report on Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015

would not be possible for publishing without the nancial
support of the Ministry of Foreign Aairs of Denmark
(DANIDA).
Disclaimer:
Opinions expressed in this report are of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the Ministry of Foreign
Aairs of Denmark.
Editing and Revision: Lulzim ela
Press and Design: Brovina Graf - Gjakov
Published by:
Women's Business Association (SHE-ERA)
Ismail Qemaili, no.9
Gjakov 50000, Republic of Kosovo
Tel: +381 (0) 390 323 194
www.she-era.org
www.facebook.com/ WBA.SHEERA
Women's Business Association SHE-ERA
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Project team:
Mirlinda Kusari Purrini (Executive Director), Ymrane Nura (Administration/Finance),
Ardiana ela-Baraku (Project Manager), Zana Rizvanolli (Co-ordinator/Trainer), Edita
Axhemi-Hadri (Assistant/Trainer), Marigona Stavileci (Assistant/Trainer), Bujar
Haxhibeqiri (Driver/ Logistics), Kosovare Sahatqija (IT), Sabrije Jagxhiju Zhubi
(Assistant/Trainer), Ardita Rizvanolli (Trainer), Linda Kosumi (Assistant/Trainer),
Vjollca Salihu Jashari (Trainer), Lulzim ela (Advisor)
.
Steering Committee:
Mikael Erbs-Jrgensen (Ministry of Foreign Aairs of Denmark), Marie Pedersen
Haug (Ministry of Foreign Aairs of Denmark), Nysrete Doda (Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Rural Development), Ola Syla (NGO Grat e Krushs), Mihai
Constantinescu (MAFRD DANIDA Advisor), Aferdita Syla (CB Mitrovica), Fehim
Rexhepi (Executive Director of the Collection Point AGROCelina).
Municipal Ocials of the corresponding departments:

The Department for Economic Development, The Department of Agriculture,
The Department for Gender Equality, The Center for Business Registration,
The Department for Public Administration and the Department for Budget and
Finances:
Region of Gjakova: Silvana Domi, Bekim Ermeni, Lumnije Shllaku, Burim Emra;
Municipality of Malisheva: Jakup Zylfaj, Murat Kryeziu;
Municipality of Junik: Leonard Llolluni, Rrezarta Gaqi, Ali Gacaferri.
Region of Gjilan: Ramiz Ramadani, Agim Zuzaku, Fatmir Halili, Valentina Bunjaku
Rexhepi, Drita Klaiqi;
Municipality of Kamenica: Shajzane Masurica, Etnika Krivoqa;
Municipality of Vitia: Ibrahim Rama, Ibadete Hyseni,
Municipality of Kllokot: Afrdita Gjoka.
Region of Mitrovica: Nysret Maxherra, Florije Ibishi, Besa Veseli, Isuf Jashari,
Municipality of Vushtria: Isuf Jashari, Gjevrije Halili, Ragbete Krasniqi;
Municipality of Skenderaj: Musa Lushtaku, Ismet Aliu, Hyka Imeri, Nazmi Dajaku;
Municipality of Mitrovica North: Branislava Mestorovic, Merita Jashanica.
Region of Peja: Artan Gashi, Mehdi Mulaj, Jeton Abazaj, Feim Ademaj, Fatmire
Thaqi, Sabahate Qorkadiu;
Municipality of Klina: Ramiz Rusta, Enver Mormullaku , Anton Dodaj, Rexhep
Rexhepi;
Municipality of Istog: Jashar Blakaj, Hysni Maxharraj, Januz Kabashi, Sanije Mavraj
Rugova .
PREFACE
This document presents an analysis of the situation of women entrepreneurs in
agriculture from 2012-2015, making a comparison of the situation of women in four
regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica and Peja. The data from this report
reect and will serve as a tool for addressing the issues and challenges of women
farmers regarding their access to sources, information and markets.
The purpose of the project Support to women entrepreneurs in agriculture 20122015 is to reach equal opportunities for men and women regarding their access to
assets, education, values and economic activities which will have an impact in gender
equality toward the economic and social development aiming for a stable expansion
process with special focus on women economic empowerment.
Women's rights are respected ocially within the institutional and legal framework,
including the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo and the Law on Gender Equality
(Law no.2004/2) the purpose of which is to protect and promote gender equality as a
fundamental value for Kosovo's democratic development, ensuring Gender Equality
opportunities for participation in political, economic, social, cultural and other areas
of social life.
The component for support to women farmers is focused on contributing to the
development of a national strategy for rural development 2014-2020 (ARDP), and
gender equality (The Program on Gender Equality in Kosovo and the National Plan
on Gender Equality) based on objectives including:
- Restructuring the agricultural sector in accordance with the EU requirements,
particularly Measure 6 (Rural Diversication) and improving the living standards of
the rural population in Kosovo (including poverty reduction of aected areas) which
means decrease of rural and urban inequalities by providing increased support to
less developed areas and reduce the disparities between Kosovo and the EU;
Within Kosovo's Program for Gender Equality and National Action Plan on Gender
Equality 2008-2013, in particular specic purposes linked to the strategic objectives:
Strategic objective 4: Women Economic Empowerment: increase the number of

women entrepreneurs by providing opportunities to promote access to ownership,
capital, credits;
Strategic objective 7 - Improving the image of women in the media, culture and
sports;
Strategic objective 8 - Equal inclusion of both genders in decision-making
processes for all important matters of the society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment
Preface
Table
Graphs
Abbreviations
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I
Methodology and Measuring Instruments
Application of Dierent Modalities and Sustainability
Training packages oered
Chapter II
The situation of Women Farmers (Year 2012/2015)
Age
Level of education
Social status
Family structure
Number of family members engaged in agricultural activities
Financial resurces
Monthly income
Land ownership
The primary and secondary activity sectors
Work experience
Issues and chalenges
Adresing Issues and chalenges
Gender based labor division

Achievements
The cultivation,production,consumption and market placement of prod.
Farm/Business ownership by gender in rural areas
Formal and informal businesses
Market and product placement
Supply of raw materials
Financial resources
The needs for capacity building and sustainability of the business
Access to information
Sources of information
The impact of information and benets of development programs
Investment in business (micro and small businesses)
Investment through loans from micronance and banking institutions
Expenses and annual prot from agricultural activities
Empowering women farmers
Conclusion
Recommendations
Appendix1: Primary Questionnaires for Women Farmers (2012)
Appendix2: Secondary Questionnaire for Women Farmers (2015)
TABLES
Table 1: Training and dhe beneciaries of the Region of Gjakova
Table 2: Training and dhe beneciaries of the Region of Gjilan
Table 3: Training and dhe beneciaries of the Region of Mitrovica
Table 4: Training and dhe beneciaries of the Region of Peja
Table 5. The overall number of women beneciaries and BP
Table 6. The total number of women benecaries from package C, according to
the region
Table 7. The total number of women benecaries from package D, according to
the region
GRAPHS
Graph 1. Women farmers according to the region
Graph 2. The age of women beneciaries
Graph 3. Level of education of women beneciaries
Graph 4. Social status of women beneciaries
Graph 5. Number of family members
Graph 6: Number of employees:
Graph 7. Sources of nancial income
Graph 8. The amount of income before and after the training
Graph 9. Land ownership in Hectares
Graph 10. Primary and Secondary sectors of women farmers
Graph 11. Years of work experience
Graph 12. Issues women entrepreneurs in agriculture encounter
Graph 13. Addressing issues and challenges
Graph 14. Gender-based task division
Graph 15. Achievements over the course of four years 2012 to 2015
Graph 16. The cult.,product.,consumption and market placement of products
Graph 17. Farm/Business ownership by gender in rural areas
Graph 18. Formal and informal businesses
Graph 19. Market and product placement
Graph 20. Supply of raw materials
Graph 21. Financial resources
Graph 22. The needs for capacity building and sustainability of the business
Graph 23. Access to information
Graph 24. Information sources
Graph 25. The impact of information and benets of development programs
Graph 26. Investment in business (micro and small businesses)
Graph27. Investment through loans from micronance and banking
institutions
Graph 28. Expenses and yearly prot from agricultural activities
Graph29. How empowered do women feel after the training
ABBREVIATIONS
MFA
10
Ministry of Foreign Aairs of Denmark
SHE-ERA
Women's Business Association
ARDP
Agricultural and Rural Development Plan
KPGE
Kosovo Program on Gender Equality
MBPZHR
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development
MEST
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
MTI
Ministry of Trade and Industry
NGO
Non-governmental Organisation
MEF
Ministry of Economy and Finance
SME
Small and Medium Enterprises
KAS
Kosovo Agency of Statistics
LGE
Law on Gender Equality
MLSW
Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare
SBA
Small Business Act
EU
European Union
MED
inistry of Economic Development

M
INTRODUCTION
...The woman holds a crucial role for the contribution of the family's and social
welfare, where her productive role with or no payment is of paramount
importance in the social, economic, cultural and political areas of a country...
A number of studies during the last few years have demonstrated that gender
equality is a key factor in a country's development. The unused potential of women
remains a lost opportunity for the growth and economic development of Kosovo.
The economic participation of women promotes agricultural productivity, the
development of micro, small and medium enterprises and also enhances business
management and increase in investment. Beside the encouragement and economic
growth, investing in women's businesses has a double eect since women re-invest a
large amount of their income into their families and the community. Women also
have demonstrated to play a key role in peace building an ensuring economic
stability and growth. Unfortunately, these benets remain unrealized in Kosovo
regarding the full economic participation of women.
Developing entrepreneurship is considered an eective tool for combating
unemployment of women in Kosovo where the development of the private sector
has not yet reached its full growth stages. Women continue to encounter many
challenges in their attempt to establish new businesses or expanding the existing
ones with the purpose of decreasing unemployment rates and generating new jobs.
In general, poverty is mostly noted among women in the rural areas. Their distinct
needs and priorities are almost entirely neglected from the macro-economic
development plans of the local governments, regardless that many of these women
are engaged in agricultural activities in their daily life.
1. Gender-based employment
The data from Kosovo's Agency of Statistics (ASK) for 2014 The Workforce
Questionnaire 2014, show that the workforce has experienced a decrease in
Kosovo's Agency of Statistics (ASK) The results of the Workforce Questionnaire 2014 in Kosovo.
This publication contains detailed information on employment and unemployment based on age,
gender, work status, economic activities, professions and other similar cases that are related to
the labour market.
11
consumption per capita and of the general economic state of their families, whilethe
general consumption has increased. According to the ocial data, the annual per
capita consumption is 1,402 Euro, which averages to 116 Euro/month, while the
family consumption is 7,625 Euro, or 635 Euro/month. The report also asserts that
less than half of Kosovo's family economies during 2014 have declared that they are
not able to aord sudden expenses of 500 Euros/month from their income. Each
month, 500 families apply for the rst time for social assistance at the Ministry of
Labour and Social Welfare (MPMS). These data clearly demonstrate the high level of
poverty and unemployment in Kosovo.
The employment rate, according to the results from the Workforce Questionnaire
2014, is 26.9%. The employment rate among women of working age, is only 12.5%
compared to male employment rate which is 41.3%. The data indicates that women
are mainly employed in the education, health and trading sectors, accounting for
more than 55%, while men are mostly concentrated into production, trade and
construction with 44%. According to the results from this publication, the
participation level of women in the workforce is 41.6%. Around 1 in 5 women of
working age (21.4%) are active in the labour market, compared to three fths of men
(61.8%). The high level of unemployment among women derives from their low
participation in the workforce. The data from ASK show that the unemployment rate
in 2014 was 35.3%. The unemployment rates were much higher for women with
42%, including youth, where the data show that among persons of ages 15-24 years
in the workforce, 61.0% are unemployed jresulting that from this age group the
unemployment levels are much higher among women with 71.7%, compared to men
with 56.2%.
2. Gender-based grant and subsidy beneciaries (2012-2015):

The programs focused on the economic development and business support of
women in Kosovo, often fail to recognize the particular challenges women
entrepreneurs in agriculture encounter in general in accessing grants, subsidies,
training and mentoring oered to women at the local and central level. This is best
portrayed in the ocial data by the MAFRD, through a comparison (2012-2015) of
men and women beneciaries from dierent grant schemes and subsidies.
12
The data show that the number of women who become beneciaries is much lower
compared to men. According to the Rural Development Plan (2014-20), a number of
developed measures provide extra points to encourage women who apply for
dierent grants within the selection criteria with the purpose of motivating and
empowering them. However, the ocial data from MAFRD demonstrate that
women are not equal beneciaries with men.
Gender based division for the beneciaries of investment grants for 2012 according
to Measurement 101, shows that 15.81 percent of the beneciaries are women and
84.19 percent are men. For 2013, 2014 and 2015, women farmers and more included
in all the Measurement: Measurement 101 supports investments in physical assets in
agricultural economy; Measurement 103 supports investments in physical assets in
processing and trade of agricultural products and Measurement 302 supports
diversication of farms and business development.According to ocial data in
2013, gender based division of the beneciaries of investment grants for women
increased by 0.82 percent, which translates to 16.63 percent women beneciaries
and 83.37 percent men. This demonstrates that in 2013 there is a slight increase in
the number of women beneciaries of investment grants by 3.99 percent, while in
2015 the percentage of women beneciaries of investment grants is 17.38 percent
compared to men with 82.68 percent, which means that in 2015 compared to 2014,
instead of an increase in the number of women beneciaries in investment grants,
there was a decline by 2.42 percent.
A number of Measurements developed under ARDP, 2014-20 place emphasis on female applicants to
encourage and empower rural women and their economic and social development. Measurement 101:
Investment in physical assets in agricultural economy oers additional points within the proposed system
of the selection criteria for female applicants; Measurement 302: Diversication of farms and business
development and Measurement 102:Preparation and implementation of local development strategies
Masa 302: Diversikimi i fermave dhe zhvillimi i biznesitdhe Masa: Prgatitja dhe implementimi i
strategjive zhvillimore lokale LEADER declares as a criteria of acceptance for the selection of local
development strategies that 10% of LAG members must be women to ensure participation and involvement
of rural women in local development activities
The Agency for Agricultural Development (AAD), the Agency's annual reports, and the public data of
MAFRD, respectively the link of AAD: http://azhb.rks-gov.net/index.php/sq-Al
13
All the above noted assistance schemes are dedicated for agricultural businesses in
general, where rural women are rarely included and do not benet equally
compared to men. MAFRD, during the preparation of the rural development plan
ARDP (2014-2020), has taken into full consideration the principals of gender
equality. A number of Measurements developed under ARDP, give special
consideration to women applicants to encourage the development of the project
and the implementation to strengthen and empower rural women in their economic
and social development. However, after a decade of development assistance,
women who live in rural areas are still marginalized and have relatively limited access
to information and sources. Referring the answers received directly from the
women farmers, it is established a clear picture of the actual situation of agricultural
activities and vision of women entrepreneurs.
14
CHAPTER I
Methodology and Measuring Instruments

This analysis is the outcome of 1557 interviews conducted in four regions of Kosovo:
Gjakov, Gjilan, Mitrovica and Peja, with women farmers as the only source of
research data.
Direct answers from women farmers have helped create a clear overview of the
actual situation of agricultural activities and the vision of women farmers toward
entrepreneurship.
Methodology analysis
The analysis is designed to collect general information and on the situation of
women in rural areas. The analysis demonstrates the situation of women
entrepreneurs in agriculture during the four-year period. The primary
questionnaires were completed during the initial phase, whereas the secondary
questionnaires were completed over the years through monitoring (2012-2015).
The completion of the primary questionnaire was done through in-person
interviews. After the completion of eldwork, the questionnaires were checked for
quality in order to single out any potential errors. The database is designed in Excel
(Microsoft Oce) and the results from the interviews are shown below in these
report in graphic form and tabulated.
1. The analysis instruments the research instruments (questionnaires) were
designed during the initial phase of the four-year project, in the rst trimester of
2012. 1557 women farmers were interviewed from four regions.
2. The selection process was carried out based on the age criteria (18-55), formal
education and agricultural activities, based on the objectives of the project Support
to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015.
Annex 1: The questionnaires for women from the rural areas 2012-2015
15
3. The beneciary results were measured during the four-year period through
continuous monitoring and by updating the primary data during the fouryear period.
4. The monitoring process was carried out through direct meetings with
women farmers, group meetings and phone conversations.
4. During the rst trimester (January-May, 2012) were conducted the
identication and selection process of the rural areas with a more
developed agricultural sector.
6. The interviews were conducted in four Regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Peja,
Gjilan and Mitrovica.
7. During the four-year period, the database was regularly updated with the
completed, evaluated and examined questionnaires by SHE-ERA sta.
8. The data on business registration owned by women was veried by SHEERA sta through business registration certicate and the scal number.
Application of Dierent Modalities and Sustainability

Achievement of the objectives of the component could not be complete through
trainings only; therefore a combination of dierent modalities was necessary
considering the various beneciaries as well as the national needs for the promotion of
women entrepreneurs. Based on the strategy used during the four years, the work with
women entrepreneurs in agriculture was direct, in order to ensure the enhancement of
managerial capacities and insurance for their business. There was also work done in
increasing their awareness on equal rights in the implementation of LGE through
advocacy and lobbying at the local and central level.
Implementation of the component 2012-2015, has undertaken actions with a set
number of activities and sub-activities based on these results:
Result 1: Training on Business Skills of the Beneciaries
Result 2: Business Plans and their monitoring
Result 3: Advice, mentoring and access of women entrepreneurs to grants, technical
and nancial services (value chain).
Value chain: Providers-Producers-Processors-Market
16
Women beneciaries were divided into the following groups:

Group A Women who have not previously participated in other trainings on
increasing their managerial capacities or compiling and developing their business
plans, low-technical skills or low access to nances.
Group B Women who have had few technical skills and have low access to nance,
but who have not participated in training.
Group C Women who have previously participated in training on increasing their
managerial capacities, but who have not implemented their business plan for
various reasons.
Group D Women who have attempted to implement their business plans but who
have not succeeded for various reasons.
Depending on the location and the number of women participants, the training
packages oered were adjusted to the special requirements of women in
agriculture, mainly for groups A and B, while groups C and D were not obligated to
participate in the one-month training How to start a successful business,
nonetheless they have been assisted with the compilation of a business plan and
opportunities for its implementation. Women beneciaries from all four packages
have been continuously advised on the development, growth and sustainability of
their business and were monitored and mentored. They have also received technical
assistance from governmental institutions at the local and central level and other
development partners (international agencies, nancial and micro-nance
institutions).
Training packages oered

- Packages A and B - The training was held in four regions: Gjakov, Gjilan, Pej and
Mitrovica from the beginning of January 2012 until June 2015, according to the work
plan anticipated in the project. Beneciaries for each region were ten (10) groups of
women from the rural areas.
17
Region of Gjakova:
From June-November 2013, according to the workplan, SHE-ERA held ten (10) onemonth training How to start a successful business courses, with women
beneciaries women from the following rural areas: Crmjan, Molliq, Batush,
Rracaj, Pacaj, Novosell, Janosh, Trakaniq, Lugbunar, Sopot, Qerim, Ujiz, Fshaj, Sma,
Junik, Malishev, Banja e Malishevs, Kijev, Morali, Turjak, Drenoc, Vermnic,
Mleqan, Mirush, Lubisht, Firaj, Gramaqel, Dobrigje, Bec, Zhdrell.
Table 1: Training and beneciaries of the Region of Gjakova

Number of
trained women
Number of
individual
business plans
Number of
grup
business plans
June 2012
24
24
Malishev
July 2012
26
22
Rracaj
August 2012
22
18
Molliq
October 2012
22
16
Novosell
November 2012
28
28
Bec
February 2013
25
24
Dobrigje
February 2013
22
20
Ujz
March 2013
24
22
Junik gr.I
September 2013
27
19
Junik gr.II
November 2013
30
25
250
218
32
Place
Period
Crmjan
Total
18
Region of Gjilan:
The training held during June 2012-April 2013 included the following rural areas:
Dobrqan, Miresh, Kosaq, Prlepnic, Karaveq, Birivojc, Kamenic, Rogan,
Busavat, Kranidel, Topanic, Koretin, Kllokot, Vitina, Mogill, Sadovin, Dobresh,
Hodonoc, Smir, Pozheran, Zhiti, Viti, Zhegr, Goshic, Gjylekar, Ramjan, Grmov,
Kabash, Begunc, Livoq i ult, Crnic, Shillov, Koznik.
Beneciaries of this activity in the Region of Gjilan were 237 women farmers for
whom have been compiled 234 individual BP and 43 group BP. The completed
training information is presented in the table below.
Table 2: Training and beneciaries of the Region of Gjilan
Number of
trained women
Number of
individual
business plans
Number of
grup
business plans
June 2012
26
26
Prlepnic
July 2012
24
24
Kamenic
August 2012
24
24
Rogan
October 2012
22
22
Gjilan
November 2012
26
26
Viti gr.I
December 2012
20
20
Viti gr.II
January 2013
29
26
Kllokot
February 2013
20
20
Zhegr
March 2013
25
25
Viti gr.III
April 2013
21
21
237
234
43
Place
Period
Dobrqan
Total
19
Region of Mitrovica:
From August 2013-May 2014, in this region have beneted women from the
following rural areas: Vushtrri, Runik, Syrigan, Vernic, Pemishte, Kernic,
Klladernic, Samadrexh, Trnac, Tushill, Mitrovic Veriore, Leposaviq, Zvecan,
Zubin Potok, Suvi-Du, Leshak, Klin e poshtme, itak, Kllodernic, Stariterg, Vidishiq,
Cernush, Kutllovc, Shipol, Reke, Kqik I madh.
Beneciaries of this activity in the region of Mitrovica are 261 women farmers for
whom have been compiled 185 individual BP and 78 group BP. The complete training
information is presented in the table below.
Table 3: Training and beneciaries in the Region of Mitrovica
Number of
trained women
Number of
individual
business plans
Number of
grup
business plans
August 2013
21
15
Runik
September 2013
26
25
Syrigan
October 2013
20
19
Vushtri gr.II
November 2013
26
13
13
Tuneli i par gr.I
December 2013
27
21
Tuneli i par gr.II
January 2014
22
22
Mitrovic V gr.I
February 2014
24
20
Mitrovic V gr.II
February 2013
30
21
Mitrovic V gr.III
March 2013
30
18
12
Mitrovic V gr.IV
April 2013
35
35
261
185
78
Place
Period
Vushtri gr.I
Total
20
Region of Peja:
the training was held from March 2014- June 2015. Women participants in the
training were from the following rural areas: Bokshiq, Klin, Poterq, Deiq, Loxh,
Ramun, Zahaq, Pavlan, Llabjan, Dobrdol, Rashiq, Gllogjan, Saradran, Treboviq,
Katundi i ri, Nabrgjan, Kosuriq, Dubov e vogl, Vitomiric, Nakel, Bllogoj.
Beneciaries of this activity in the Region of Peja were 293 women farmers. 221
individual BP and 76 group BP have been compiled. The complete training
information is presented in the table below.
Table 4: Training and beneciaries of the Region of Peja

Number of
trained women
Number of
individual
business plans
Number of
grup
business plans
March 2014
23
20
Loxh
April 2014
21
17
Zahaq
September 2014
24
18
Dobrdol
October 2014
30
22
Gllogjan
November 2014
30
24
Novosell
February 2015
35
28
Saradran
March 2015
30
25
Treboviq
April 2015
35
24
11
Katundi i ri
May 2015
30
18
11
Nabrgjan
June 2015
35
25
10
293
221
76
Place
Period
Klin
Total
21
The table below presents the overall results of women entrepreneurs in agriculture,
who have successfully attended the training in four regions (Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja and
Mitrovica). A total of 1041 women have beneted from packages A and B, and 1087
BP have been compiled from which 860 are individual BP and 229 are group BP.
Table 5. The overall number of women beneciaries and BP
Region
Trained women
Individual
business plans
Group
business plans
Total BP
Gjakov
250
218
32
250
Gjilan
237
234
43
277
Mitrovic
261
185
78
263
Pej
293
221
76
297
Total
1041
860
229
1087
- Women Beneciaries of Packages C and D

Package C included women entrepreneurs in agriculture who have previously
participated in other trainings oered by dierent organizations and institutions to
increase their managerial capacities and have intended to complete their business
plans, however have not shown a satisfactory success in their business development
process.
Table 6. The total number of women beneciaries from package C, according to the region
22
Regions
Beneciaries of package C
Gjakov
125
Gjilan
35
Mitrovic
12
Pej
143
Total
607
From this package have beneted 315 women entrepreneurs in agriculture who
have been provided assistance through advice, BP compilation, information and
support for their participation in fairs, training oered by other development
partners, conferences, round tables, study visits, and opportunities to apply to
dierent schemes by the local and central government and supporting programs
from nancial institutions such as EBRD & TEB Bank.
Package D a total of 607 women entrepreneurs who have beneted have managed
to increase their business managing capacities. This package has oered
information on scal policies, business registration procedures, local and regional
market information for placing the products at the local market, information on
business development and expansion, business sustainability through
governmental grants and potential donors in Kosovo and creating a value chain
which aects women economic empowerment.
Table 7. The total number of women beneciaries of the D package according to the regions
Regions
Beneciaries of package D
Gjakov
173
Gjilan
261
Mitrovic
29
Pej
144
Total
607
23
CHAPTER II
The situation of Women Farmers (Year 2012/2015)

The data present the initial phase during the rst six months of 2012 and the
beginning of 2013, where 1557 women from the rural areas were interviewed from
four regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja and Mitrovica, beneciaries of the
component Support to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015.
Meanwhile, from the training packages have beneted 1041 women who have
fullled the required criteria. Also, the data present the nal phase of the
continuous monitoring of women entrepreneurs in agriculture of this component, at
the end of 2015.
Next will appear in the data of the beneciary women.
Below are the general data of women beneciaries. The initial percentage
interviews for the recruitment of women farmers who beneted from the four-year
program are: Gjakova 24.02%, Gjilan 22.77%, Mitrovica 25.07% and Peja 28.15%. The
interest to increase managerial capacities of women farmers was clearly higher and
surpassed the project objective, in particular with groups from the regions of
Mitrovica and Peja.
24
Graph 1. Women farmers according to the region
24.02%
28.15%
22.77%
25.07%
PEJ
MITROVIC
GJILAN
GJAKOV
25
2. AGE
During the analysis 1557 women carrying out agriculture activities were interviewed
with the purpose of identifying women who fulll the age criteria in order to benet
from the program. The data below show the age of women who were interviewed
during the initial phase:
18-25 years of age were 31.12 % ,
26-35 years of age were 18.54 %,
36-45 years of age were 32.66 %,
46-55 years of age were 16.04 %, while women above 55 years of age
accounted for 1.63 %
Graph 2. The age of women beneciaries
35.00%
32.66%
31.12%
30.00%
25.00%
18.54%
20.00%
16.04%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
1.63%
0.00%
18-25
26
26-35
36-45
46-55
Over 55
3. LEVEL OF EDUCATION
Formal education was one of the key criteria for the selection of women
beneciaries. From 1557 women who were interviewed in four regions, 1041 who
fullled the education criteria beneted from packages A and B. This data shows
that 2.11 % had completed elementary school, 41.02 % had completed secondary
school, while 36.60 % of women who participated in training completed high school.
20.27 % of women who carry out agriculture activities have obtained a university
degree.
Graph 3. Level of education of women beneciaries
Elementary School
University
2.11%
20.27%
Secondary School
41.02%
High School
36.60%
27
4. SOCIAL STATUS
The social status of women farmers was divided into ve categories during the
interviews in four regions. Data show that: 12.01 % are employed part-time in the
processing sector, 68.20 % are housewives, 19.12 % are students, women with an
early employment and who had previously participated in trainings accounted for
0.48 %, while 0.19 % of women are involved in handicrafts besides their agricultural
activities.
Graph 4. Social status of women beneciaries
0.48%0.19%12.01%
19.12%
68.20%
housewife
28
working
other
student
Early
retirement
5. FAMILY STRUCTURE
The families of women beneciaries consist of immidiate and extended family
members. The following family scheme resulted from the data in eldwork:
4.13 % have less than 3 family members;
53.99 % have 3-6 family members;
33.43 % have 7-9 family members;
7.49 % have 10-15 family members and
0.96 % have more than 15 family members.
Graph 5. Number of family members
More than 15
10-15 members
0.96%
7.49%
33.43%
7-9 members
53.99%
3-6 members
3 or less
0.00%
4.13%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
29
6. NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURAL

ACTIVITIES
The family members of women entrepreneurs are actively engaged in agricultural
activities and the following data show their participation in such activities. From the
situation analysis we can conclude that the initial phase so far accounts for 3.55 % of
the rural families which do not carry out any agricultural activity because they have
moved to urban areas, have migrated or have health issues. The data show that the
businesses of women in agriculture are mostly micro or small, where 95 % of women
have declared to have 1-9 employees, while 1.44 % have declared they have more
than 10 employees (10-49). The data also demonstrate that from 1041 women
beneciaries from packages A and B from the four focus regions we have not
encountered a women entrepreneur in agriculture with more than 50 employees.
Graph 6: Number of employees
250.00%
200.00%
150.00%
100.00%
50.00%
0.00%
Do not
work
1-9
employees
10-49
employees
50-249
employees
More than
250
employees
January 2012
0.00%
98.27%
1.73%
0.00%
0.00%
December 2015
3.55%
95.00%
1.44%
0.00%
0.00%
The family members engaged in a business managed by women, are registered as employees including the
part-time employees hired during the season.
Women declared during the last monitoring at the end of 2015, that they do not practice agricultural
activities because have changes location, do not live in rural areas, have health issues, have migrated
abroad,have taken on other family businesses and have married into families that are not involved in
agriculture..
30
7. FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The nancial resources are divided into 9 nancial categories: 69.16% of the women
have initially indicated that they secure their income through the monthly salary of
an employed family (year 2012), while now this has dropped to 55.33%, pensions
account for 27.86%, social assistance for 11.91%, scholarships for 0.58%,
honorariums for 0.96%, income from the sale of agricultural products for 48.80%
which has now increased to 50.72%, the income from rent has been 0.38% while now
has increased to 2.21%, income from family businesses has accounted for 4.90% in
2012 (now has increased to 5.67%) and 6.82% receive remittances from their family
members who live abroad. The collected data also show an increase in sales of
agricultural products during the four-year period from 48.80% initially to 50.72% in
2015 according to the last monitoring phase.
Graph 7: Sources of nancial income
140.00%
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Pensions
Social
Assistence
Scholarships
Honorarium
Sale of
agriculture
products
Income
from Business Remittincome
ances
rent
January 2012 69.16%
27.86%
11.91%
0.58%
0.96%
48.80%
0.38%
4.90%
6.82%
December 2015 55.33%
31.51%
12.87%
1.34%
3.84%
50.72%
2.21%
5.67%
9.41%
Salaries
31
32
9.70%
5.67%
December 2015
0-100
January 2012
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
16.43%
14.51%
101200
30.07%
19.02%
201300
17.77%
15.27%
301400
13.16%
19.60%
401500
5.09%
6.92%
501600
Graph 8. The amount of income before and after the training
3.65%
7.78%
601700
2.69%
3.27%
701800
3.46%
2.21%
8011100
0.67%
0.77%
11011300
0.58%
0.48%
13011600
0.58%
0.29%
16013000
0.19%
0.19%
30015000
The family monthly income deriving from agriculture products is divided into 13 varied relations. The analysis of the
economic status of the families has demonstrated an increase in income after the training, which indicates a basis for
stability in the family's economy for women farmers in four regions.
8. MONTHLY INCOME
9. LAND OWNERSHIP
The graph below shows the data of women who have land in the family's ownership
in Hectares8 . From the 1557 women interviewed, it results that the majority
(43.27%) of their families own 05-3 Ha. of cultivated land. This is insucient to
increase women's managerial capacities in production and increase their income,
which ensures business sustainability. 16.33% of the families of the interviewed
women entrepreneurs in agriculture had in their ownership 0.5 Ha, while 22.19%
owned 3-5 Ha of land. 8.45% of the families own 5-10 Ha. of land, 2.11% own 10-25
Ha while 0.29% of the families own 25-50 Ha of land and more than 50 Ha is owned by
a small % of only 0.19%. The land ownership has signicant impact in business
expansion and the ability to qualify for various grants and credits. 8.17% of the
women declared that they do not have land under their ownership, while 4.90%
carry out agricultural activities in leased land with no fees from relatives and 8.36%
lease the land for a set fee.
Ocial data from 2012, 2013 and 2014 shows that 8 percent of the property was under female
ownership while in 2015 this has increased to 14 percent
33
34
16.33%
1.83%
1.34%
In use without rent
In use with rent
Less than
0.5 Ha
In ownership
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
4.80%
2.31%
42.27%
0.5 Ha < x
Ha < 3.0 Ha
1.34%
0.48%
22.19%
3.0 Ha < x
Ha < 5.0 Ha
Graph 9: Land ownership in Hectares
0.48%
0.29%
8.45%
Ha
5.0 Ha < x
Ha < 10.0
0.29%
0.00%
2.11%
Ha
10.0 Ha < x
Ha < 25.0
0.00%
0.00%
0.29%
Ha
25.0 Ha < x
Ha < 50.0
0.10%
0.00%
0.19%
Over
50 Ha
91.64%
95.10%
8.17%
Do not
own land
10. THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ACTIVITY

SECTORS
Graph 10 presents the primary and secondary sector of women farmers who carry
out agricultural and farming activities in rural areas: grains accounted for 50.81%,
fruits for 45.34%, vegetables for 62.73%, viniculture for 4.42%, farming for 51.20%,
poultry for 22.19%, beekeeping for 7.59% and the processing of agricultural
products accounted for 6.44%. The collected data indicate that the highest number
of women farmers interviewed are mainly focused on vegetable cultivation with
60%, grains with 50% while fruit cultivation accounts for 45% and farming for 35%.
The rest of the sectors are mostly carried out as secondary activities.
Graph 10. Primary and Secondary sectors of women farmers
70.00%
57.25%
60.00%
50.00%
49.09%
38.71%
40.00%
31.22%
30.00%
20.00%
9.80%
10.00%
3.27%
13.83%
3.55%
2.59%
6.92%
6.44%
1.44%
Other
Pigs
Beekeping
Baby chicks
Chicken
Calves
Sheepand goats
Milking cows
Viniculture
Vegetables
Fruits
Grains
0.00%
35
11. WORK EXPERIENCE

Below is presented the working experience of women in the agricultural sector. The
data show that the majority of women have more than 10 years of experience.
According to the gure 7.68 % of women entrepreneurs who were beneciaries
declared during the interview that this was their rst year carrying out agricultural
activities, 7.88% said they have a work experience of 1-3 years, 8.17% have 3-5 years
of experience, 14.31% have 5-10 years of experience, while the majority of women
interviewed, around 61.96% of them had more than 10 years of experience in this
sector.
Graph 11. Years of work experience
61.96%
7.68%
7.88%
8.17%
14.31%
rst year
36
1-3 years
3<x=5 years
5<x=10 years
10+ years
12. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

The data below present some of the issues women entrepreneurs encounter while
carrying out their activities. 54.95 % of the women singled out as their main issue is
the high cost of raw materials, 64.36 % have issues with product placement at the
market, 16.52 % lack skills for the use of equipment, 52.07% lack information on
grants and subsidies, 11.82% lack knowledge of business management, 5.96% lack
professional knowledge in agronomy/veterinary, 36.6% say that they do not have
access to commercial nances and 13.83 % declared that their main issue was the
lack of the irrigation system.
Graph12. Issues women entrepreneurs in agriculture encounter
70.00%
60.00%
64.36%
54.95%
52.07%
50.00%
36.60%
40.00%
30.00%
16.52%
20.00%
11.82%
10.00%
13.83%
5.96%
Sistemi i ujitjes
komerciale
Qasja n nanca
agronomi/veterinari
Njohurit profesionale n
and entrepreneurship
Knowledge on business
subsidies
Acces to grants and
Use of equipment
Market acces
High coast of raw materials
0.00%
37
13. ADDRESSING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

The data show that the majority of women farmers encounter many challenges.
According to the data, 80.02 % face issues which are never addressed at the
corresponding governmental institutions and try to overcome them on their own,
14.89% try overcoming them with the assistance of friends and family, only 1.25%
address their issues to dierent NGOs, 3.17 % address them at the local level, only
0.29 % seek help from the corresponding governmental institutions, while 1.63 %
have declared that they have resolved their issues with the assistance of
professional consultants
Graph 13. Addressing issues and challenges
90.00%
80.02%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
14.89%
10.00%
1.25%
3.17%
0.29%
1.63%
Central
gevernment
Through
consulting
0.00%
Do not
address
38
With friends
and fellow
citizens
Civil
Society
Municipal
gevernment
14. GENDER BASED LABOR DIVISION

Below is presented the gender based labor division in the social and economic areas
of families ranging from housework, child care, elderly care, eldwork, cultivation,
production, processing and sales. The derived data were based on the responses of
women from four regions: Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica and Peja, with regard to
eldwork. 69.45 % of women indicated that they work together with their husbands,
21.2 % of women carry out agricultural activities on their own while only 10.17 %
declare that only males in the family carry out agricultural eldwork. In addition to
agricultural work 88.57 % of women declare that they are also in charge of
household chores, while only 0.58 % of males do so and 8.55% of them perform
house chores together. The data show that 15.56 % of women deal with processing
and production, 5.57 % compared to 5.57 % of men, while 49.86 perform these
activities together. The data also show that although woman are engaged more than
men in almost all household activities and income generation, women remain
unequal to men regarding the purchase of agricultural inputs carried out (66.09 % by
men and 2.59 % by women and only 9.03 % account as equal). Regarding the
placement of products in the market placement by men accounts for 44.96 % and by
women for 2.79 %.
39
40
2.21%
17.10%
69.45%
Female
M&F
Field work
Male
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
8.55%
0.58%
88.57%
chores
Household
31.32%
11.34%
4.23%
maintenance
Stable
Graph 14. Gender-based task division
18.06%
4.13%
8.45%
maintenance
stable
Poultry
9.22%
0.19%
78.96%
Child care
17.87%
0.96%
26.61%
Elderly care
Sale of
19.21%
44.96%
2.79%
products
agriculture
9.03%
66.09%
2.59%
materials
raw
Purchase of
49.86%
5.57%
15.56%
Conservation
Processing
Production
15. ACHIEVEMENTS
The graph below shows the comparison between the initial (2012) and the nal
phase (2015) of the project in four regions, reecting the achievements over the
years of the services provided, mentoring and monitoring.
The data shows that agricultural cultures oer economic stability for the household
and boost the productivity and create economic independence for women and the
family in general. 23.15 % of women claim to have increased their production
activities and proportionally increased their income from their agricultural activity
compared to only 16.91 % initially. In the initial phase, 25.07 % of the women stated
that they are involved in the same activity without income increase, however after
the training this number increased to 30.16 %. According to data women farmers
with the same activity but aiming to increase production in the initial stage was 58.02
%, while during the four year period this percentage has changed to 43.13 %. This
was due to women farmers whose main focus is investing business growth.
During the four years of monitoring there were changes in life circumstance noted
for 3.55 % of women farmers who are no longer involved in agriculture for various
reasons: change of residence, no longer live in rural areas, health issues, have
migrated abroad, have taken on other family businesses, married into a family that
are not involved in agriculture.
41
42
16.91%
23.15%
January 2012
30.16%
25.07%
increase in income
income from agriculture
Increased activity with no
Increased activity with a
simoultaneous increase in
Decemb. 2015
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
43.13%
3.55%
0.00%
purpose to expand
58.02%
Does not carry out

agricultural activities
Same activity/with a
Graph 15. Achievements over the course of four years 2012 to 2015:
16. THE CULTIVATION, PRODUCTION,

CONSUMPTION AND MARKET PLACEMENT OF
PRODUCTS
According to the comparative data from the assessment of the situation of women
beneciaries in agriculture the changes that occurred within four years (2012-2015)
show that women increased their product cultivation mainly for sale. In the initial
stage only 9.03 % of women stated they cultivate products for local markets and
over the years we noted that the production capacity and awareness of women
farmers increased by 17.8 % (monitoring in the last quarter of 2015) . Women stated
that they no longer produce only to meet the needs of their family but are
generating income from the sale of agricultural products. According to data from
the analysis, there is a decline in household product consumption and an increase in
sales of agricultural products with the exception of 3.55 % of women who for
objective reasons, no longer carry out agricultural activities.
Graph 16. The cultivation, production, consumption and market placement of products
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
A farm which
produces for
its own needs
A farm which
consumes half
of production
and trades the
other half
A farm which
mostly produces
to increase
the income
Does not carry

out agricultural
activities
January 2012
43.52%
47.45%
9.03%
0.00%
December 2015
20.37%
59.08%
17.00%
3.55%
The recent declarations of women farmers during the monitoring of 2015, as stated in the 6th footnote,
similar reasons are noted which justify why women are not any longer involved in agricultural activities.
43
17. FARM/BUSINESS OWNERSHIP BY GENDER IN

RURAL AREAS
According to the ocial data, only 14 % of women entrepreneurs in Kosovo are
business owners (service, trading, manufacturing). The graph below shows the
farmer-owned business by gender in four regions of Kosovo: Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja and
Mitrovica. If we compare the initial state of the women interviewed it results that in
2012 only 6.44 % of agricultural activities was under female ownership, while 93.56
% under male ownership. At the end of 2015, with increased awareness of both
genders on the matter, female ownership increased slightly to 12.39 % compared to
male ownership sitting at 87.61 %. There is more work remaining to be done in
increasing the awareness on equal rights and law implementation.
Graphs 17. Farm/Business ownership by gender in rural areas
male ownership
female ownership
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
Female ownership
Male ownership
January 2012
6.44%
93.56%
December 2015
12.39%
87.61%
Ministry of Trade and Industry Business Registration Agency
44
150.00%
200.00%
18. FORMAL AND INFORMAL BUSINESSES

Agriculture remains one of the largest sectors of informal business throughout
Kosovo. From 1557 women farmers interviewed four years ago, it appears that only
2.79 % of them practiced formal business activities (they registered their business).
If we compare the situation after four years we notice an increase by 9.80 %, which
demonstrates that more work need to be done to raise awareness of farmers on the
role and importance of conducting formal business and its benets.
Graph 18. Formal and informal businesses
January 2012
December 2015
120.00%
97.21%
100.00%
90.20%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
9.80%
2.79%
0.00%
YES
NO
45
46
19. MARKET AND PRODUCT PLACEMENT

Women farmers claimed during the interview that they place their agricultural
products on the market in the village, the city, in some regional centers,
supermarkets and collection points. From the data it results that 68.97 % of the
women place their products in the market in the village, 27.19 % in the market in the
city, 17.68 % in various regional centers, 5.57 % in supermarkets, 25.74 % send them
to collection points while 1.83 % do not place their products in the market but use
them to fulll family needs.
Graph 19. Market and product placement
80.00%
70.00% 68.97%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
27.19%
25.74%
17.68%
20.00%
10.00%
5.57%
1.83%
0.00%
At the
village market
At the
city market
In some
regional
markets
In supermarkets
Collection
points
Do not
sell
47
20. SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS

From the data collected, it results that 74.28 % of women, farmers produce their
own raw materials, 44.28 % buy them from local farmers, and 29.68 % buy them from
the trading intermediaries, while 0.96 % import it from abroad.
Graph 20.Supply of raw materials
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Produce it
themselves
74.83%
48
Buy it from
the farmers
Buy it through
commercial
mediators
Import it
44.28%
29.68%
0.96%
21. FINANCIAL RESOURCES

Sources of funding for activities beneting women in agriculture are related to the
purpose for which they have designated these resources. According to data analysis,
85.01 % of women farmers have personally invested in their business from the
income generated through the sale of their agricultural products, 12.01 % of women
invested with the aid of loans from micronance institutions and banks and 12.97 %
borrowed from their families. 1.06% of women received support and grants from
the local government, 3.07% beneted with grants and subsidies from MAFD
(central government). 3.07 % of women were supported by other development
partners - donors.
Graph 21. Financial resources
100.00%
85.01%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
12.01%
20.00%
0.00%
Personal
income
Credits
12.97%
1.06%
0.19%
3.07%
Financial
support
from the
Municipality
Financial
support
from the
Government
Financial
support
from the
Donors
Family
loans
49
22. THE NEEDS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND

SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BUSINESS
The needs for professional capacity building of women farmers were identied
during the interviews. 88.95 % of women emphasized the need to further invest in
their business through grants, 53.79 % have declared they need professional
training in specic areas, 45.15 % need ongoing advice, 32.18 % need to attend more
seminars, 14.22 % indicated that it is necessary to exchange experiences, have study
visits to successful farmers who perform the same activities.
Graph 22. The needs for capacity building and sustainability of the business
100.00%
Investment funding
88.95%
90.00%
80.00%
Proesional
training
70.00%
53.79%
60.00%
Advice/Consulting
50.00%
45.15%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
50
Seminars
32.18%
Study Visits
14.22%
51
23. ACCESS TO INFORMATION

The chart shows the unsatisfactory initial situation of access to information for
development programs. This is best proved by the analysis of the situation of women
farmers. During the initial phase of interviews, it resulted that only 37.94 % of
women farmers were informed about the development programs from MAFRD and
other donors. Over the course of four years (2012-2015) of the project
implementation, the number of women with access to information has increased to
75.38 %. Women have managed to gather much information as a result of increased
awareness on utilizing and following existing channels of information regarding
development programs that support women's entrepreneurial initiatives.
Graph 23. Access to information
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
December 2015
20.00%
0.00%
January 2012
NO
YES
52
Yes
No
January 2012
37.94%
62.06%
December 2015
75.38%
24.62%
24. SOURCES OF INFORMATION

In the initial phase of interviews (2012) women farmers claimed that the main source
of information on development programs were local media and their relatives.
However during the four years, women beneciaries in agriculture have expanded
their sources of information and have managed to absorb more information
through: non-governmental organizations, by increasing the participation in
training, round tables and by increasing the information sources from government
ocials at the central and local level, relatives and friends, the Internet and media at
local and national level.
This is best demonstrated from the data derived after four years which shows an
increase in women's access to sources of information from the media from 32.56 %
to 63.59 %, from the use of Internet from 5.96 % to 59.85 %, an unsatisfactory
growth to 12.97 % from municipal ocials compared to the initial 6.15 %, and from
1.06 % to 6.92 % from ocials at the central level. As for the participation in
informative meetings, at the beginning only 5.96 % of women farmers were invited
however nowadays the data indicate that 24.21 % of women participate in
informative meetings.
The main sources of information, according to data from women, were NGOs with
75.12 %.
53
54
32.56%
63.59%
January 2012
Decemb. 2015
Traditional
information
sources
5.96%
59.85%
28.05%
19.98%
Friends and
relatives
40.00%
50.00%
12.97%
6.15%
6.92%
1.06%
Ocials from Ocials from

the Municipal
MAFRD
departments
10.00% 20.00% 30.00%
Internet
0.00%
Traditional information sources
Internet
Friends and relatives
Ocials from the Municipal departments
Ocials from MAFRD
Participation in informative meetings
Non-governmental Organizations
Graph 24. Information sources
5.96%
24.21%
80.00%
75.12%
2.69%
Organizations
Non
governmental
70.00%
Participation
in informative
meetings
60.00%
25. THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND

BENEFITS OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
In the initial phase of interviews, 7.68 % of women farmers were beneciaries of
development programs, grants, advice oered from the local and central
government ocials, potential donors and local NGOs. With the increased sources
of information for developing programs that support women's entrepreneurial
initiatives has also increased the number of women farmer beneciaries from such
programs to 12. 20 %.
Graph 25. The impact of information and benets of development programs
Beneciaries
7.68%
0.00%
12.20%
5.00%
January 2012
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
December 2015
55
56
25. INVESTMENT IN BUSINESS (MICRO AND

SMALL BUSINESSES)
During the four years women were continuously encouraged to properly manage
and grow their their business, as investment is essential for business. During
monitoring and mentoring, women reported the amount invested in their
businesses, with most frequent investments including: purchase of land, equipment
and business expansion. According to data, 79.54 % of women beneciaries have
invested up to 1000 over the years, 16.08 % invested over a four-year period range
from 1001-5000 , 2.51 % invested 5001 to 10,000, while a small percentage of 1.88
% has been able to invest in their business with amounts exceeding 10,000.
Graph 26. Investment in business (micro and small businesses)
Over 10000
5001 -10000
1001 - 5000
0 - 1000
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00%
0 - 1000
79.54%
1001 - 5000
16.08%
5001 - 10000
Over 10000
2.51%
1.88%
57
27. INVESTMENT THROUGH LOANS FROM

MICROFINANCE AND BANKING INSTITUTIONS
Women farmers have used their family's income or money borrowed from extended
family to invest in their business and very few have taken loans from banks. The data
show that only 4.05 % of women entrepreneurs in agriculture have declared to have
invested through bank loans, while 95.95 % from other sources.
Graph 27. Investment through loans from micronance and banking institutions
YES 4.05%
NO 95.95%
YES
58
NO
59
28. EXPENSES AND ANNUAL PROFIT FROM

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
A suitable form of assessment of the success of a business is proper business
accounting (the recording of revenues and expenditures). During the training,
women have gained sucient knowledge about the organizing and business
developing, nancial management, etc. During monitoring the women did not
hesitate to declare the expenses and prots during the season or even the whole
year. The data show that women farmers, despite seasonal expenses, have managed
to generate satisfactory prot through the sale of their products.
Graph 28. Expenses and yearly prot from agricultural activities
180.00%
160.00%
140.00%
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
-20.00%
60
0 -1000
1001 -5000
5001 -10000
Over 10000
Income
74.82%
18.05%
4.37%
2.77%
Expenses
88.38%
10.70%
0.31%
0.61%
29. EMPOWERING WOMEN FARMERS

During the last monitoring phase (2015), 86.46 % of eligible beneciaries have
claimed to feel more empowered after training, advice and continuous mentoring
while 13.54 % of women have declared that they do not feel empowered and need
more training and advice.
Graph 29. How empowered do women feel after the training
NO 13.54%
YES 86.46%
NO
YES
61
CONCLUSION
An analysis of the component "Support to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture
2012-2015, shows that even after four years of support to women in the sector of
agriculture, the total of women beneciaries was 1,963 including packages A,B,C
and D. This shows the dedication and willingness that rural women in the sector of
agriculture have encountered despite all the issues and challenges in exercising
their rights.
With the purpose of identifying all issues and challenges in the agricultural sector,
during a period of four-years in the following regions of Kosovo: Gjakov, Gjilan,
Mitrovic and Peja, were held 25 round-tables with the group of women Think Tank
within the project Support to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015. In
the round-tables were discussed the issues and challenges of women, addressed to
the local and central government, development partners, the civil society, the
business community and nancial institutions.
The main issue remains the limited access to land ownership and other forms of
assets which can be used as collateral for credits and working capital, and also a
limited access to subsidies and grants. Therefore, the government at the local and
central level needs to pay special attention to informing potential beneciaries with
the purpose of encouraging them to develop their projects. Data from the analysis
show that 75.38% of women interviewed receive information on development
programs at the local and central level, since females remain discriminated and
excluded.
A key factor in the activation of women farmers to participate in activities that
promote and motivate economic and social empowerment is formal education,
which according to the analysis 41.02% of the women interviewed have completed
their secondary school. Because some women do not continue their education and
lack access to further develop their skills which aect their awareness of the
property inheritance rights and other capital assets, where according to ocial data
women ownership has increased to 14% in 2015. Based on the information gathered
in the course of four years, women's awareness for equal property rights has
increased. 12.39% of interview cases have declared that they have property in their
62
Iown name. Also, the awareness among women has also been increased regarding
business registration, where 9.8% of women beneciaries stated that they have a
formal business which promotes their empowerment. However, the majority of
business in Kosovo remain unformal which leaves the formal business market
unstable. n conclusion, poverty in general is mainly evident among women living in
rural areas and in particular remote rural areas. Their particular needs and priorities
are almost entirely neglected macroeconomic development plans of the local
governments, despite the fact that most of them are involved in agricultural
activities in their daily lives, lack knowledge and access to markets and nancial
means to invest in the development of their farms.
63
RECOMMENDATIONS
- MAFRD should apply and be transparent when implementing the rural
development plan ARDP (2014-2020), including equally both genders as
beneciaries of Measures and sub-Measures of grants, subsidies,advice,
participation in information sessions, study tours, international fairs, as well as
credit assessment programs.
- The Government of Kosovo, respectively the relevant ministries (MAFRD, MTI,
MED, MEF, MEST, MPMS), as well as the civil society and other development partners
should work more towards increasing the awareness of women in rural areas, oer
training to inform them on their rights, encourage women to be better organized so
they can become a part of the decision-making and policy-making process.
- MAFRD should make available the necessary human capacity and technical
resources to assist and advise women farmers, during the completion of the
necessary documents to apply for grants and subsidies, so that women do not
disqualify in the absence of documentation verication by MAFRD ocials.
- MAFRD, must take into account the implementation of the Small Business Act
(SBA) of the European Union (EU), respectively the Indicators for Women
Entrepreneurs, which do not exclude women entrepreneurs in agriculture, as this
is a business sector same as any other income generating sector, creating new jobs
and the country's economic development.
- The Government should include the corresponding Ministries, scal, economic,
employment, social, education and training policies and stakeholders to apply a set
of policies based on complementary evidence, in order to increase the potential of
women entrepreneurs
The four indicators for women entrepreneurs were signed in Madrid in , and have been initially used in
, from the countries who have signed it including: Albania, Bosna-Hercegovina, Croatia, Kosovo,
Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey. The indicators cover the political framework, training,
nancing and the creation of a network for women entrepreneurs. The average of the four indicators over
the years has demonstrated that Croatia has the highest average, while Kosovo has the lowest.
64
- The government and relevant ministries should create a more favorable

environment, by developing new policies that will promote and strengthen small
enterprises, new businesses and create greater opportunities for the development
of entrepreneurship, and the possibility of switching from an informal to a formal
economy.
- It is necessary that MAFRD, creates a gender-based database the purpose of
transparency and annual yield of results of male and female beneciaries in all
services oered by the ministry.
- Government and relevant ministries should create a national training framework
w h i c h wo u l d h e l p wo m e n i n c r e a s e t h e p ow e r o f m a n a g e m e n t a n d
entrepreneurship, and prepare them for the labor market, which will contribute to
increasing women's employment and growth competition in the country.
- The government and relevant ministries, required that at least 20% of the state
budget be allocated to support women's businesses. To achieve this, the
government should review, and if necessary reinforce policies, including laws and
regulations of the SME market, and government contracts to ensure that does not
discriminate against women.
- The loan guarantee fund oers exibility to accommodate the needs of women,
and make available funds for women entrepreneurs who are willing to start or
expand their business (joint programs, and mixed scheme credit guarantees).
- Donor coordination is needed for investment in rural development programs,
which are required to not be duplicated investment grants for the same purpose and
the same place.
- The empowerment and economic independence of women is much needed by
development partners to continue the nancial support of local associations which
assist in the establishment and development of women entrepreneurs in
agriculture, for the following stages in order to establish sustainability and generate
new jobs and reduce poverty.
65
Since 1999, and until currently according to the ocial data, Kosovo has beneted numerous donation
from development partners, however it remains an underdeveloped country with high levels of
unemployment (data from the World Bank show that Kosovo is rated as the 126 based on poverty). The main
causes are: high corruption rates, law disobedience and in particular the lack of coordination between
investment funds.
66
PRIMARY
Questionnaires for Women Farmers (2012)
Component C:
Support to Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture
(2012-2015)
67
INTERVIEW
Questtionaire serial number: .................................................................................

1. Identity Card Identication number: .................................................................
2. Interview Date: .......................................................................................................
3. Personal Information:
First & Last Name:
........................................................................................................................
Address:
........................................................................................................................
Phone number:
........................................................................................................................
E-mail:
........................................................................................................................
4. Please circle your current residence in Kosovo:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gjakov
Mitrovic
Gjilan
Pej
5. Urban/Rural residence. (Please note the correct residence):

a) Village ....................................................
b) City ........ ...................................................
6. Age:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
68
18-25 years of age

26-35 years of age
36-45 years of age
46- 55 years of age
Mbi 55 years of age
7. Level of education:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Primary School
Secondaru School
High School
University
8. Social Status:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Working
Housewife
Student
Early retirement
Other ......................................................
9. Marital status:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Single
Married
Widow
Divorced
Refuze to answer
10. How many members are in your family, including yourself?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Less than 3 members

3 -6 members
7 -9 members
10 -15 members
Over 15 members
11. How many members/employees are engaged in agricultural activities?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
1 -9 employees
10 -49 employees
50 -249 employees
Mbi 250 employees
We do noy work
12. Which are the sources of your monthly income?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Salary
Pension
Social Assistance
Scholarships
Honorarium
Income from the sale of agricultural products
Income from rent
Income from other family businesses
Remittances
69
13. What is the monthly income in your family? (Mark with )
0 100 euro
701 800 euro
101 200 euro
801 1100 euro
201 300 euro
1101 1300 euro
301 400 euro
1301 1600 euro
401 500 euro
1601 3000 euro
501 600 euro
3001 5000 euro
601 700 euro
14. What is the area of the land you cultivate?

How much of it is in your ownership?
Land area description

Less than 0.5 Ha
0.5 Ha < x Ha < 3.0 Ha
3.0 Ha < x Ha < 5.0 Ha
5.0 Ha < x Ha < 10.0 Ha
10.0 Ha < x Ha < 25.0 Ha
25.0 Ha < x Ha < 50.0 Ha
Over 50 Ha
70
In
ownership
In use
no rent
In use
with rent
15. What are your primary and secondary activities in agriculture?

Agricultural activities
Primary
Secondary
Grains
Vegetables
Fruits
Viniculture
Milking cows
Sheep and goats
Calves
Chicken and eggs
Baby chicks
Beekeeping
Pigs
Other
16. For how many years have you carried out agriculture activities:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
First year
1 3 years
3 < x = 5 years (more than 3 years, up to 5 years)
5 < x = 10 years (more than 5 years, up to 7 years)
10 + years (more than 10 years)
17. Which are the main issues you and your family encounter
in your activities?
Challenges / Issues
Mark
High cost of raw materials (agriculture inputs)

Market access
Use of equipment (access and state)
Access to grants and subsidies
Business and entrepreneurship knowledge
Professional knowledge in agronomy/veterinary
Access to commercial nances (with favorable interest rates)
Irrigation system
18. How do you overcome or address the issues? How and where?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Do not address them

With friends and fellow citizens
The Civil Society
Municipal government
Central Government
Through Consultants
71
19. Please mark below the gender based task distribution in your
household?
Mostly
males
Task
Mostly Regardless
females of gender
Work at the eld

Household chores
Work at the stable
Work with the poultry
Child care
Care for the elderly
Sale of agricultural products
Purchase of agricultural inputs
Processing/Product conservation
Other, specify
20. How do you evaluate your activity in the last four years?
a) Increased activity with a simultaneous increase of income
from agriculture
b) Increased activity, with no increase in income
c) Similar activity with a purpose to grow
d) Do not carry out agriculture activities
21. Which of the descriptions below best describes your activity?
a) A business which produces for family needs only
b) A business which consumes half of the production and trades
the other half
c) A commercial business with distribution of products at the
local market
d) Other, specify ...................................................................................
22. Business ownership?
a) Female Ownership
b) Male Ownership
23. Is your business registered?
Yes
72
No
24. Where do you place your products (Mark with ):

a) At the village market
b) At the city market
c) At regional centers
d) At supermarkets
e) Collection points
f) Other, specify
25. How do you secure the raw materials? (Mark wit ):
a) Produce it myself
b) Purchase it from other farmers
c) Purchase it from trade mediators
d) Import it from abroad
26 . What type of nancial resources have you used to begin your
agricultural activity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Personal income
Credit
Financial Support from the Municipality
Financial Support from MFARD
Financial Support from Donors
Family loans
27. What type of assistance do you need for developing your business?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Financial assistance
Professional training
Advice/Consulting
Seminars
Study visits
28. Do you have any information on development programs which support

agricultural activities through grants and subsidies?
Yes
No
73
29. Which is your main information source on such programs?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Traditional information sources (TV, Radio, Newspapers)

Internet
Municipal ocials for Agriculture and Rural Development
MAFRD Ocials
Participation in information meetings
Non-governmental organizations
30. Have you or your family member beneted from any of the
development programs?
a) MAFRD Grants (including equipment)
b) Grants from the Municipality (including equipment)
c) Grants from foreign donors (including equipment)
d) Training from Donors and NGOs
e) Training from the MAFRD and Municipality
f) No fee professional services
For oce use only

Surveyor conrmation: I hereby conrm that I have completed this
interview with compliance to the instruction
on the sample questionnaire
Name.....................................................................
Signature ..............................................................
Date .......................................................................
Quality Control:
1.Has the questionnaire been veried?
Yes
No
2. Method verication data:

a) Direct supervision during the interview
b) Phone interview verication
74
SECONDARY
Questionnaire for Women Farmers (2015)

Component C:
Support to Women
Entrepreneurs in Agriculture
(2012-2015)
75
INTERVIEW
Questionnaire Serial Number: ....................................................................................
1. ID Card number.............................................................................................................
2. Interview Date: ............................................................................................................
3. Personal Information:
First & Last Name: .........................................................................................................
Address: .............................................................................................................................
Phone number: ................................................................................................................
E-mail: ................................................................................................................................
4. Monitored: 1 time , 2 times ,
3 times
5. Activity according to business plan: ..........................................................................

6. Region/Village: ..............................................................................................................
7. Current activity: .............................................................................................................
8. Is your business registered?
YES ........... NO ............
9. Amount invested, if any?.............................................................................................

10. What are the current expenses ..............................................................................
11. What is your yearly income? ...................................................................................
12. How many employees does your business have? ................................................
13. Do you feel more empowered after the training and mentoring?
YES ............ NO .............
14. Have you received any grants from various donors? ..........................................
15. Have you received any loans from nancial institutions?
YES ............ NO...............
16. Which is the source of your monthly income?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
76
Salary
Pension
Social Assistance
Scholarships
Honorium
Income from the sale of agricultural products
Income from rent
Income from other family businesses
Remittances
17. What is the monthly family income? (Mark with )

0 100 euro
701 800 euro
101 200 euro
801 1100 euro
201 300 euro
1101 1300 euro
301 400 euro
1301 1600 euro
401 500 euro
1601 3000 euro
501 600 euro
3001 5000 euro
601 700 euro
18. How do you evaluate your activity in the last four years?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increased activity with an increased income from agriculture

Increased activity, with no increase in income
Similar activity with a purpose to grow
Do not carry out agriculture activities
19. Cultivation, production, consumption and product placement

a) A business which mainly produces for family needs
b) A business which consumes half of the production and trades
the other half
c) A commercial business with distribution of products at the
local market
d) Other, specify.............................................................................................
20. Business ownership?
a) Female Ownership
b) Male Ownership
21. Do you have any information on development programs which

support agriculture through grants and subsidies?
Yes
No
77
29. What is your main source of information of such programs?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Traditional information sources (TV, Radio, Newspapers)

Internet
Municipal ocials for Agriculture and Rural Development
MAFRD Ocials
Participation in information meetings
Non-governmental organizations
For oce use only

Surveyor conrmation: I hereby conrm that I have completed this
interview with compliance to the instruction
on the sample questionnaire
Name.....................................................................
Signature ..............................................................
Date .......................................................................
Quality Control:
1.Has the questionnaire been veried?
Yes
No
2. Method verication data:

a) Direct supervision during the interview
b) Phone interview verication
78
Katalogimi n botim (CIP)

Biblioteka Kombtare e Kosovs Pjetr Bogdani
www.facebook.com/ WBA.SHEERA

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Supporting Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015

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Component C:

The report on Women Entrepreneurs in Agriculture 2012-2015

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Municipal Ocials of the corresponding departments:

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Strategic objective 4: Women Economic Empowerment: increase the number of

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Gender based labor division

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Ministry of Foreign Aairs of Denmark

Women's Business Association

Agricultural and Rural Development Plan

Kosovo Program on Gender Equality

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development

Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Ministry of Trade and Industry

Ministry of Economy and Finance

Small and Medium Enterprises

Kosovo Agency of Statistics

Law on Gender Equality

Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare

Small Business Act

inistry of Economic Development

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

2. Gender-based grant and subsidy beneciaries (2012-2015):

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Methodology and Measuring Instruments

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Application of Dierent Modalities and Sustainability

Value chain: Providers-Producers-Processors-Market

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women beneciaries were divided into the following groups:

Training packages oered

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Table 1: Training and beneciaries of the Region of Gjakova

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Tuneli i par gr.I

Tuneli i par gr.II

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Table 4: Training and beneciaries of the Region of Peja

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

- Women Beneciaries of Packages C and D

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

The situation of Women Farmers (Year 2012/2015)

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Graph 1. Women farmers according to the region

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Graph 4. Social status of women beneciaries

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

Graph 5. Number of family members

Women's Business Association SHE-ERA

6. NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURAL

Graph 6: Number of employees