Lecturer:

Dr. Hala Mahmoud

P
i i Courses:
C
Prerequisite
Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics
Ref. Text
Yunus A. Cengel, Heat Transfer A Practical Approach
International. 3rd Ed. New York: McGrawHill, 2003
FrankP.Incropera andD.P.Dewitt,Fundamentalofheatand
masstransfer7th ED.JOHNWILEY&SONS,2011
Objectives
To understand the basic principles of heat transfer,
To be able to analyze the thermal applications and equipments
(Temperature distribution & Heat rate).
1

Introductiontoheattransfer
Steadystateonedimensionalconductionheattransfer
Onedimensionalconductionheattransferwithheat
generation
Steadyconductionheattransferintwodimensions
TransientHeatConduction
FundamentalsofConvectionHeatTransfer
ForcedConvectionrelations.
FreeConvectionrelations
Mixedconvectionheattransfer
Finsandextendedsurface
Heattransferwithphasechange
Heatexchanger

Grading
Grading will be based on the following distribution:
Writtenexamination(Final)90marks
MidTermExamination20marks
Mid TermExamination20marks
Assignments/classwork10marks
Oralexam
30marks

HINTS
*DatabookwillbegivenandwillbeusedalongthetermandFinal
Exam,
3

BasicConceptsofHeatTransfer
Inthischapterwewilllearn
Whatisheattransfer
h
h
f
Howisheattransferred
Relevanceandimportance
Thermodynamics:
Energycanbetransferredbetweenasystemanditssurroundings.
Asysteminteractswithitssurroundingsbyexchangingworkandheat
Dealswithequilibriumstates
Doesnotgiveinformationabout:
Ratesatwhichenergyistransferred
Mechanismsthroughwithenergyistransferred

HeatTransferExamples

Example:Designofacontainer
Aclosedcontainerfilledwithhotcoffeeisinaroomwhoseairand
wallsareatafixedtemperature.Identifyallheattransferprocesses
thatcontributetocoolingofthecoffee.Commentonfeaturesthat
wouldcontributetoasuperiorcontainerdesign.
wouldcontributetoasuperiorcontainerdesign

10

11

12

13

Conduction Of Heat
Through A Material

14

15

16

17

THERMALCONDUCTIVITY
Therateofheattransferthroughaunitthicknessofthe
materialperunitareaperunittemperaturedifference
Kinetictheory: thermalconductivityof gases isproportional
tothesquarerootoftheabsolutetemperatureandinversely
proportionaltothesquarerootofthemolarmass.
independentofpressureinawiderange
Inliquids decreaseswithincreasingtemperatureandalso
withincreasingmolarmass
Insolids dependsuponlatticevibrationalwavesandthefree
flowelectrons

18

19

20

10

21

THERMALDIFFUSIVITY
Thermaldiffusivityisamaterialpropertywhichrepresentshowfastheat
diffusesthroughamaterial.
Theratioofheatconductedthroughamaterialtotheheatstoredperunit
volume
Thermaldiffusivity
heat conducted
k
C P Specificheat

C P
heat stored
HighkorlowCP

largethermaldiffusivity

Thelargerthethermaldiffusivity,thefasterthepropagationofheatintothe
medium.Asmallvalueofthermaldiffusivitymeansthatheatismostlyabsorbedby
thematerialandasmallamountofheatwillbeconductedfurther.

22

11

CONVECTION
Convection is the transfer of
h t by
b th
t l
heat
the actual
movement of the warmed
matter.
Convection is the transfer of
heat energy in a gas or
liquid by movement of
currents.
23

CONVECTION

Hot water
rises, cools,
and falls

Heated air
rises, cools,
then falls

Air near heater is

replaced by cooler
air, and
the cycle repeats
24

12

CONVECTION

25

SEABREEZEAND
LANDBREEZE

SEA BREEZE

LAND BREEZE
26

13

2.Convection
Energytransferbyrandommolecularmotion(asin
conduction)plusbulk(macroscopic)motionofthefluid.
Convection:transportbyrandommotionofmoleculesandby

bulkmotionoffluid
bulkmotionoffluid.

Forcedconvection:Causedbyexternalmeans
Natural(free)convection:flowinducedbybuoyancyforces,

arisingfromdensitydifferencesarisingfromtemperature
variationsinthefluid

Theabovecasesinvolvesensibleheat(internalenergy)ofthefluid
Latentheatexchangeisassociatedwithphasechanges boiling

andcondensation.

27

28

14

29

30

15

31

RADIATION
Sunlight is a form of
radiation that is radiated
through space to our planet
without the aid of fluids or
solids.
Since there are no fluids in
space,
p
, convection is not
responsible for transferring the
heat. Thus, radiation brings
heat to our planet.
32

16

RADIATION

33

RADIATIONAMONGOBJECTS

34

17

35

36

18

37

38

19

39

40

20

41

42

21

43

44

22