REHA2171 Osteopathy Theory and Practice 1

Bones of the Cervical Spine and Cranium

References:
Biel A. Trail Guide to the Body. 4th Ed. Boulder:Books of Discovery. 2010. Ch 4 & 5
Chila AG. Editor. Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. 2011. Pgs 111-115, 546-558
Lumley JSP. Surface Anatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical examination. 4th Ed.
Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone. 2008. Ch 2, 3, Ch 4, Ch 5, p 56, 61, 108, 110-112, Ch 6,
Ch 39
Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 6th Ed. Philadelphia:Wolters
Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010. Ch 1, p 71, Ch 3, Ch4, pgs 440-443, 470, Ch 8.
Ch 7
Standing S. Ed. Grays Anatomy. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 40th Ed.
London:Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2008. p 917-924, p 734

The following list contains the structures to be covered in this lecture and associated
practical class. One of your learning activities will be to use the above references, or other
suitable texts, to learn about the structures. It is suggested that you:
- find pictures of the structure that show it from various different perspectives so that you
can have a good insight to all aspects of the structure.
- note all the relevant landmarks (listed below) and where they are allocated
- create a table for muscles that includes the attachments (these may be known as
origin/insertion, proximal/distal attachments or superior/inferior attachments) and the action
of each muscle*
- create a table that lists the attachments of the ligaments.
- find a picture that shows where the pulses are located for those listed.
- find a picture that shows where the lymph nodes are located for those listed.
*Page 597 of Moore has an example of a table that provides the information that you require.
Note you will not need to know the innervation of the muscles.
Please note: It is likely that not all of the structures listed will be palpated or the range of
motion assessments outlined in this document will be performed in the practical classes. You
will need to apply the principles of palpation and range of motion assessment you will be
taught and to those that are not included in the practical class.

Structures of the cervical region that need to be known

Bones:

cervical vertebra, hyoid bone

Landmarks:

spinous processes of C1-T1,

transverse processes of C1-T1,

C3 hyoid bone
C4 thyroid cartilage
C6 cricoid cartilage
Bones:

Parietal, occipital, frontal, nasal, temporal, sphenoid, zygoma, maxilla,

mandible

Landmarks:

external occipital protuberance, posterior triangle of neck

sutures coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
occiput - external occipital protuberance/inion, superior nuchal lines
temporal mastoid process, zygomatic arch, external meatus (auditory)
frontal - supraorbital foramen, superciliary arch, glabella
maxilla - infraorbital region, zygomatic process, alveola process
mandible - mental protuberance, mental tubercle, body of the mandible,
angle of the mandible, alveolar part of mandible, head of mandible, ramus of
mandible

Muscles:

masseter,
temporalis,