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Definition:
A chemical reaction is a process that is usually characterized by a chemical change
in which the starting materials (reactants) are different from the products. Chemical
reactions tend to involve the motion of electrons, leading to the formation and
breaking of chemical bonds. There are several different types of chemical reactions
and more than one way of classifying them. Here are some common reaction types.
However, if you are asked to name the main 4, 5 or 6 types of chemical reactions,
here is how they are categorized.
A + B AB
The combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (II) sulfide is an example of a
synthesis reaction:
8 Fe + S8 8 FeS
Learn More About Synthesis Reactions
What Are Types Of Chemical Reactions :
Analysis Reaction
Chemical Decomposition or
AB A + B
2 H2O 2 H2 + O2
A + BC AC + B
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
AB + CD AD + CB
Acid-Base Reaction
HA + BOH H2O + BA
The reaction between hydrobromic acid (HBr) and sodium hydroxide is an example
of an acid-base reaction:
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Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reaction
In a redox reaction the oxidation numbers of atoms are changed. Redox reactions
may involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species.
The reaction that occurs when In which I2 is reduced to I- and S2O32- (thiosulfate
anion) is oxidized to S4O62- provides an example of a redox reaction:
Combustion
A combustion reaction is a type of redox reaction in which a combustible material
combines with an oxidizer to form oxidized products and generate heat (exothermic
Isomerization
In an isomerization reaction, the stuctural arrangement of a compound is changed
but its net atomic composition remains the same.
Hydrolysis Reaction
A hydrolysis reaction involves water. The general form for a hydrolysis reaction is:
Contents [hide]
1
Synthesis Reactions
Decomposition Reactions
Double Displacement
5.1
Precipitation
5.2
Acid-Base Neutralization
Combustion
Organic Reactions
Redox
Synthesis Reactions[edit]
Helpful Hint!
Synthesis reactions always yield one product. Reversing a synthesis reaction will
give you a decomposition reaction.
The general form of a synthesis reaction is A + B AB. Synthesis reactions "put
things together".
Decomposition Reactions[edit]
These are the opposite of synthesis reactions, with the format AB A + B.
Decomposition reactions "take things apart". Just as synthesis reactions can only
form one product, decomposition reactions can only start with one reactant.
Compounds that are unstable will decompose quickly without outside assistance.
Double Displacement[edit]
this is also called an "exchange". Here are the examples below:
Precipitation[edit]
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Wikipedia has related information at Precipitation (chemistry)
A precipitation reaction occurs when an ionic substance comes out of solution and
forms an insoluble (or slightly soluble) solid. The solid which comes out of solution is
called a precipitate. This can occur when two soluble salts (ionic compounds) are
mixed and form an insoluble onethe precipitate.
Acid-Base Neutralization[edit]
In simple terms, an acid is a substance which can lose a H+ ion (i.e. a proton) and a
base is a substance which can accept a proton. When equal amounts of an acid and
base react, they neutralize each other, forming species which aren't as acidic or
basic.
Combustion[edit]
Organic Reactions[edit]
This is carboxylic acid. All functional groups end with an "R"a placeholder for the
rest of the molecule.
Organic reactions occur between organic molecules (molecules containing carbon
and hydrogen). Since there is a virtually unlimited number of organic molecules, the
scope of organic reactions is very large. However, many of the characteristics of
organic molecules are determined by functional groupssmall groups of atoms that
react in predictable ways.
Organic reactions are beyond the scope of this book, and are covered in more detail
in Organic Chemistry. However, most organic substances can undergo replacement
reactions and combustion reactions, as you have already learned.