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UNIVERSIDAD LATINOAMERICANA DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA

EVELYN SALAS CORRALES

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UNIT 1: THE INTERNET AND OTHER ADDICTIONS

1. BOMBARDED WITH: Attacked by a lot of information data, or 13. ISOLATE: To set or place apart; detach or separate so as to be
questions alone.

2. CLEAN SLATE: Fresh beginning 14. MULTITASKING: Doing different thing at the same time

3. COMING OUT: Becoming publicly known 15. OUT OF THE WOODS: Free from a dangerous situation

4. COMPULSIVENESS: Inability to control certain behavior 16. OVERWHELMED: Upset, strongly affected

5. DEVOTING: Giving or using something ( time, effort) for an 17. PRESENT WITH: Show signs of an illness by having a
activity or purpose particular type of behavior or condition

6. DRIVEN: Trying extremely hard 18. PUTTING TOGETHER: Organizing

7. ENGANGING IN: Taking part in or becoming involved in 19. SHAPING: Influencing in a particular way

8. ENHANCE: Improve, enrich 20. SUPPORT GROUPS: People who meet to help each other with
a problem they all share
9. FEEDING: Increasing
21. SURF: Look for information
10. FELT EMPTY: Was unhappy ( because nothing seemed
important or interesting) 22. THERAPY: Treatment of problems by talking about them

11. FULLFILLMENT: Personal satisfaction 23. TURNED INTO: Became ( something different)

12. GOING ON: Happening 24. TURNING EACH OTHER IN: Identifying each other to the
police or an authority
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Use past form: wish + were

25. VICIOUS CYCLE: Serious situation that is very difficult to stop
26. WENT ON A ….BINGE: Began to overdo something I wish I were a student when I was younger.

27. WENT THROUGH: Experienced PAST WISHES

Use wish + had +past participle

GRAMMAR: WISH STATEMENTS-EXPRESSING
It`s like a new culture. The phones have their pluses, but I wish
UNREALITY they hadn`t become so popular. They can be really annoying.

PRESENT AND FUTURE WISH

PAST WISHES: COULD
Use wish + would or could
Use wish + could have + past participle
I wish I would go to Europe.
Sorry to hear that. Did you get out of it?
PRESENT WISH
No. I wish I could have, but the cop wouldn`t listen.
Use wish + past form of the verb

The problem is out of control. I just wish people didn`t feel

compelled to answer their phones all the time.

PRESENT WISH (VERB TO BE)

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The National Council on Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity has defined

sexual addiction as “engaging in persistent and escalating patterns of
sexual behavior acted out despite increasing negative consequences to
NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION self and others.” In other words, a sex addict will continue to engage in
certain sexual behaviors despite facing potential health risks, financial
SEXUAL ADDICTION problems, shattered relationships or even arrest.

Progressive intimacy disorder characterized by compulsive sexual

thoughts and acts
Signs and symptoms
Compulsive searching for multiple partners
Compulsive fixation on an unattainable partner
Compulsive masturbation
Compulsive love
relationships and
compulsive sexuality
in a relationship
Extensive use of
pornography or phone
or computer sex
services
For others, addiction
can involve illegal
activities such as
exhibitionism,
voyeurism, obscene phone calls, child molestation or rape.
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Tiger Woods is looking to help the victims of the Haitian

earthquake
The golfer could spend upward of $3 million on "sending a mobile
Causes hospital with 50 EMTs to go set up a triage

Sexual abuse in their background

Trauma or painful life experiences may have contributed to their
addiction

Prevention
Consequences
The cycle may trap them in a repeating pattern of sexual behavior Couple's therapy
which may damage their relationships, work-life, and their self- Don`t visit place associate with pornography
esteem Search to God, go to the church
The sexual addictions are associate with other addictions, including
drug, alcohol and gambling dependency, involve substances or
activities with no necessary relationship to our survival
Information taken from
ww.wikypedia.com/Tiger Woods\What Is Sexual Addiction Psych
Testimony: Tiger Woods Central.mht
ww.wikypedia.com /Tiger Woods Plans To Help With Haiti
Seven weeks after the car crash that destroyed his carefully Relief.mht
controlled and lucrative image, Tiger Woods has reportedly
resurfaced at an addiction clinic in Mississippi
UNIT 2: HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY 29. BLUFFING: Lie

28. AVOID: To keep away from; keep clear of; shun: to avoid a 30. CHORES: A hard or unpleasant task
person; to avoid taxes; to avoid danger.
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31. CONCEAL: To keep secret; to prevent or avoid disclosing or

divulging: to conceal one's identity by using a false name 39. MISLEAD: To lead into error of conduct, thought, or judgment

40. MULL OVER: To think about carefully; consider (often fol. by

32. EROSION: The process of eroding or the condition of over): to mull over an idea. to make a mess or failure of.
being eroded: erosion of the beach; progressive erosion of
confidence in our legal system; erosion of the value of the 41. PERVASIVE: Diffuse, fill.
dollar abroad
42. PLAGIARISM: The unauthorized use or close imitation of the
language and thoughts of another author and the
representation of them as one's own original work
33. ETHIC: A complex of moral precepts held or rules of conduct
followed by an individual: a personal ethic.
43. PREOCCUPATION: the state of being preoccupied.
34. FESS UP: Tell
44. PULL THE WOOL OVER EVERYONE`S: Trick

45. RECIPE FOR DISASTER: Failure

35. FUDGED: Manipulated
46. RELENTLESS: That does not relent; unyieldingly severe, strict,
36. GUILT: Having committed an offense, crime, violation, or
or harsh; unrelenting: a relentless enemy.
wrong, esp. against moral or penal law; justly subject to a
certain accusation or penalty; culpable: The jury found her
47. SET: To place in some relation to something or someone: We
guilty of murder.
set a supervisor over the new workers.
37. INFLATED: Economics. unduly expanded in amount, value, or
48. SEVERAL: Being more than two but fewer than many in
size; characterized by inflation
number or kind: several ways of doing it.
38. INTRUSIVE: Tending or apt to intrude; coming without
49. SLIPPERY SLOPE: Headed toward disaster
invitation or welcome: intrusive memories of a lost love
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50. TATTLING: To let out secrets. To chatter, prate, or gossip.

51. TRIVIAL: to let out secrets. To chatter, prate, or gossip.

52. TWO- FACED: Deceptive

53. UP FRONT: Honest

54. VENEER: A superficially valuable or pleasing appearance: a

cruel person with a veneer of kindliness.

55. WHOPPER: Lie

GRAMMAR: MODALS – DEGREES OF CERTAINTY

ALMOST CERTAIN, NEGATIVE (IMMPOSIBLE)

ALMOST CERTAIN
PRESENT / FUTURE ……….CAN`T / COULDN`T
PRESENT……..MUST
PAST …..........CAN`T / COULDN`T + HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE
COULDN`T`VE)
PAST ……….MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (MUST`VE)
I`m shocked. The university`s president couldn`t have (couldn`t`ve)
The students `papers are identical, although they insist they didn`t
committed plagiarism in his speech. He is known for his impeccable
cheat. Clearly, one of them must be lying.
integrity.
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PRESENT / FUTURE…………………COULD / MAY / MIGHT

QUITE SURE
PAST………………………………….COULD / MAY / MIGHT + HAVE PAST
FUTURE……………….SHOULD / OUGHT TO PARTICIPLE ( MIGHT`VE)

PAST…………………..SHOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (SHOULD`VE) Walt has always been so honest, but he might have ( might`ve) cheated
on the exam because of the intense competition and the pressure from
Due to improvements in technology, brain scans should soon be able to his parents.
help us detect liars and cheaters more accurately.

LESS CERTAIN

NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION
One way to look at an ethical dilemma is…Infidelity
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And another way could be… Financial malfeasance Lewinsky scandal

Bill Clinton: Honest? Clinton's sexual relationship with a
Was the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 22-year-old White House intern
On the one hand, Clinton says…I promise I `honest, tell only the truth named Monica Lewinsky led to the
On the other hand…The people… Murmurs and gossips Lewinsky scandal. In a lame duck
Controversial Travelgate session after the 1998 elections,
the House voted to impeach
When Clinton fired several longtime employees of the White House Travel Clinton, based on allegations Clinton lied about his relationship with
Office, controversy began on May 19, 1993. A whistleblower's letter, Lewinsky in a sworn deposition in the Paula Jones lawsuit. This made
written during the Clinton only the second U.S. president to be impeached after Andrew
George H. W. Bush Johnson
administration, Sexual misconduct claims
revealed evidence of
financial malfeasance Throughout his career, Clinton has been subject to various
which led to an FBI allegations of sexual misconduct, though only his extramarital
investigation. sexual relationships with Lewinsky and Flowers have been
Independent Counsel admitted by him.
Kenneth Starr There are several things to consider:
investigated the firings Moral character and denotes positive, virtuous attributes such as
and found no evidence of integrity, truthfulness, and straightforwardness along with the
wrongdoing by the Clintons. absence of lying, cheating, or theft.
INFORMATION TAKED OF:
But
Was no substantial and credible evidence that any senior White House http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton
official was involved in seeking the files http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton/
UNIT 3: THE BOLD AND THE BASHFUL 56. ADVERSE: Negative
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57. ALOOF: Distant 68. MARK: Label

58. BREAK THE ICE: Get people socializing and enjoying 69. MERIT: Value
themselves
70. MISATTRIBUTIONS: False assumptions
59. CARRIED AWAY: Overly excited
71. OUT LOOK: Point of view
60. CHRONIC: Continual ( in a medical sense)
72. PHOBIA: Very strong fear
61. CONDESCENDING: Treating others as inferior
73. RETICENT: Unwilling to talk
62. DRAW OUT: Encouraging
74. SYNDROME: Condition
63. EXTROVERTED: Very sociable
75. TAKE THING AS: Accept experiences as
64. FILL THE VOID: Overcome loneliness
76. THING OF: Consider
65. GROUCHY: In a bad mood
77. VIRTUALLY: Almost
66. HANDICAP: Disadvantage
78. WIDEPREAD: Common
67. KINDRED SOULS: People having similar traits
79. WIND UP: End up

GRAMMAR: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Has a subject and a verb
IDENTIFYING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Modifies specific nouns and pronouns
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Can be introduced by who, whom, which, that, whose, where and NONIDENTIFYING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
when
Is not set off by commas Has a subject and a verb
Is essential to the meaning of the sentences Is used with the relative pronouns who, whom, which and whose.
It is also used with where and when and cannot be used with that
Must describe a specific person or thing
Is set off by commas
This is the website that provides free lesson Is not essential to the meaning of the sentence and may be
omitted
A.C
The doctor, who looked very worried, asked him to lie down.
S + V
Quantifying expressions

No identifying adjective clauses often contain expressions of

quantity such as many of, most of, some of, none of, two of,
several of, half of, all of, each of, both of and number of.

Negative personality traits, most of which are totally

false, are often applied to shy, attractive people.

It teaches us how we project ourselves into our lives.

Anything we do must be with the heart. Trusting in
NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION
God and ourselves that we can realize our goals

Attitudes towards life

The Secret
The theme of our class has total relation with The Secret.
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My life and the secret

Many people die for little
things go thinking about
tomorrow. We must think
about the present and not
have negative thoughts.
Being positive attracts
positive things, no matter
the constraints we face.
Honestly I have practiced all my life the secret. I think in the life we need
have a positive attitude.
I'll tell you a summary about my story.
In my time of 11 and 15 years my life was very hard, but those situations
made me mature and taught me
that it is the darkest day there's a
light in the sky and is what guides
me and lights the path.

The secret is related to When I was eleven years old, died

many things that can the wife of one of my older
happen in our life, for example there are many people who get sick brothers in the caesarean of their
because they spend thinking they are sick daughter. Leaving two children by
my mother.
We take the example of enthusiasm and positivity children, they use the Just a year after my older brother was diagnosed with brain cancer and a
joy and energy for feeling better to continue. year later had been buried.
If we visit Hospital de Niños we see many smiles despite the pain and
suffering that these kids pass. And to close with a flourish one year after my brother died when I was
They are truly an example to follow... fourteen.

Despite: In spite of; notwithstanding: won the game despite
overwhelming odds
Truly: In a true manner; according to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to
state things truly; the facts are truly represented
In February 1998 my mother had given her liver cancer three months after
she died
Six months after my dad left the house with another woman and my
brother Allan and I were alone in my house. My brother was sixteen and I
was fourteen.
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But none of this prevented my
desire to study and move on.
In addition to fulfilling the
promise I made my mother to
finish school and be a great
professional.
My brother stopped of study
and starts to work. For buy
food and basic thing, while I was at school.
Many times we didn’t had to eat and less luxuries. Sometimes I had not
shampoo or deodorant. It was really hard
I always managed to that all circumstances that surrounded me, no
depressed me.
In those moments of my life, I relied on my studies, my favorite sport
(cycling) and of course…
Before, now and forever in the love of my mom and my daughter.
Now, I am very proud of that teenager, who fought and did not fall, she
persevered to be the better in the studies, bicycle races and demonstrate
that “if I want I can”
Now, I think as before, but now I have whom give the example…my
daughter.
Example for our life
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF9wo9sVn2c

I always think of my mother's teachings, values and expectations, that

she had for me.

82. ALIGNING: Properly positioning

UNIT 4: THE TIPPING POINT
83. ANECDOTES: Personal stories
80. ABUNDANCE: A large quantity of something
84. AT HEART: Essentially
81. ACUTENESS: sharp or severe in effect; intense: acute sorrow;
an acute pain
85. CAN`T HURT: Can do no harm
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86. CATCH OFFGUARD: Startled 98. GET INTO: Became interested in

87. CAUGHT OFF – GUARD: Surprised 99. GOES A LONG WAY TOWARD: Succeeds in

88. CHAOS: A state of utter confusion or disorder; a total lack of 100. GOT A HOLD OF: Contacted; communicated with
organization or order.
101. HARD-BITTEN: Tough, experienced
89. CIRCULATES: Moves, flows
102. HOLDS: Is true
90. CLEAN: Simple
103. HUGE: Very popular
91. CONNECTOR: A person or thing that connects. Any of various
devices for connecting one object to another. (formerly) a 104. IN THE MIDS OF: Involved in
person who couples railroad cars
105. INFECTION: Corruption of another's opinions, beliefs,
92. CONSUMED BY: Totally involved in moral principles, etc.; moral contamination.

93. CONTAGIOUS: Capable of being transmitted by bodily contact 106. INMUNE: Protected from a disease or the like, as by
with an infected person or object: contagious diseases. inoculation.

94. DIGRESSION: Idea that is unrelated to the topic 107. KEEP OUT: Prevent from entering

95. EPIDEMIC: Large number of cases of an infectious diseases 108. MAKE A MOVE: Take action
occurring at the same time
109. MAVENS: People who know a lot and talk a lot about a
96. FROWNED UPON: Disapproved of particular subject

97. GENERATE: Produce or create

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110. MESS: A person or thing that is dirty, untidy, or

disordered 124. TRANSMISSION: Passing of something from one person,
place, or thing to another
111. MURDERER: A person who commits murder.
125. TRASCENDENT: Beyond the limits of ordinary
112. PEPIER: Livelier experience

113. PROFILED: Described 126. TREND: The general direction of the price of an asset or
market. Trends can be thought of in varying lengths including
114. QUOTE: Repeat what someone else has said or written short, intermediate and long term. If one can identify a trend, it
can be highly profitable as you will be able to trade with the
115. RIPPLE EFFECT: A spreading effect or series of trend.
consequences caused by a single action or event
127. TRIGGER: Anything, as an act or event, that serves as a
116. RISE OR FALL: Succeed or fail stimulus and initiates or precipitates a reaction or series of
reactions.
117. ROOT: Cause; source
128. TURNSTILES: A structure of four horizontally revolving
118. SCARE THE HECK OUT OF: Frightened arms pivoted atop a post and set in a gateway or opening in a
fence to allow the controlled passage of people.
119. SENSE: Fell and know
GRAMMAR: ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT
120. SHARP: Quick, smart

121. SKEPTICALLY: With doubt ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT ARE INTRODUCED BY:

122. TALKED ( SOMEONE) INTO: Convinced Such + noun or noun phrase + that + clause of result

123. TIDE: A metaphor for a long-term market trend.

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So + adjective + that + clause of result

So + adverb + that + clause of result

So is also used before many, few, much and little

So + much/little + uncountable noun + that

So + many / few + count noun + that

YOU CAN SEE…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_Q0wBSMQF8&feature=related

NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION

How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference?

UNIT 5: FENG SHUI; ANCIENT WISDOM TRAVELS

WEST
129. ABUNDANCE: A large quantity of something

130. ALIGNING: Properly positioning

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131. ANECDOTES: Personal stories

146. PEPPY: Livelier
132. AT HEART: Essentially
147. QUOTE: Repeat what someone else has said or written
133. CAN`T HURT: Can do no harm
148. RISE OR FALL: Succeed or fail
134. CATCH OFF GUARD: Startled
149. SCARE THE HECK OUT OF: Frightened
135. CAUGHT OFF- GUARD: Surprised
150. SENSE: Feel and know
136. CIRCULATES: Moves, flows
151. SHARP: Quick, smart
137. CLEAN: Simple
152. SKEPTICALLY: With doubt
138. DIGRESSION: Idea that is unrelated to the topic
153. TALK ( SOMEONE) INTO: Convinced
139. FROWNED UPON: Disapproved of
154. TRANSCENDENT: Beyond the limits of ordinary
140. GET INTO: Became interested in experience

141. HARD BITTEN: Tough, experienced 155. WIN (someone) OVER: Persuade someone to do
something
142. HUGE: Very popular
156. WORD OF MOUTH: Related to people telling people
143. IN THE MIDST OF: Involved in
157. WORK AROUND: Compensate for
144. KEEP OUT: Prevent from entering

145. MAKE A MOVE: Take action

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GRAMMAR: SPOKEN DISCOURSE CONNECTORS According to Chinese philosophy, a person’s luck is divided into three:
divine fortune (some are born lucky), surrounding fortune (on which Feng
Shui acts directly) and a person’s luck, our abilities. This must be the most
CONTRAST important of the three and, I am sure, the one with the greatest influence
on our lives, without developing our capacities, it will be hard to access
BUT the other types of luck.
HOWEVER Now we have come to the southeast sector, one that, I am certain, is one
ON THE OTHER HAND of the most hoped for because it is here where the aspiration of wealth,
success and prosperity is expressed. Paradoxically, it is the element of
ADDITION wood through which prosperity is expressed. In its yang form, as the
Chinese would say, or in its living expression, it is an element that can
PLUS grow, which also suggests to us the idea of growing
IN ADDITION
ON TOP OF THAT

RESULT Yang: a polarized aspect of ch′i that is active or positive energy.

SO
AS A RESULT

NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION
You can apply Feng Shui and the book The Secret ... remember the
Did you know that Feng Shui can also achieve prosperity and wealth?
secret lies in yourself

Once again, change arises in an aspiration as a form of progress and, in

this case, of success. One of the aspects of the Feng Shui technique is its
application as the ideal vehicle to start a positive dynamic of change.
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So the way to enhance prosperity and success in a given area is by

reflecting wealth in the decor, in other words, the southeast corner of the
dining room or office. This is the area where we can put the most valuable
objects, the best painting in the house, the best sculpture, the best vase …
Not only use the element particular to this area: wood. We can also add
the element that feeds it: water. Following this train of thought, if we
want to hang a painting there, We can put with a field (wood) and a river
(water), a vase with flowers … 

Arrises: The sharp edge or ridge formed by two surfaces meeting at an

angle, as in a molding.
Enhance: To make greater, as in value, beauty, or effectiveness;
augment
Feed: To supply with something essential for growth, maintenance, or
operation

UNIT 6:
Source: http://marucanales.wordpress.com/2007/08/08/feng-
shuiprosperity-and-wealth/

SPIRITUAL RENEWEL
158. ALL RELIGIOUS: Anti-competitiveness
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159. ASCETIC: Living without any physical pleasures or

comforts, especially for religious reasons 170. FOSTERED: Developed

160. AT ODDS WITH: Disagreeing with 171. FOSTERS: Develops

161. CAUGHT ON: Became popular 172. GAIN INSIGHT: Understand something

162. DIVINE: Coming from God or a god 173. GRATITUDE: Thankfulness

163. DRAW . . . OUT: Make someone willing to talk 174. HECTIC: Very busy; full of activity

164. EASTERN RELIGIONS: Asceticism 175. HUMILITY: Not being too proud

165. ENACT: Make a rule or law 176. IN A RUT: Stuck in the same place

166. ENACTED A LAW: Made a new official rule 177. IN DIRE STRAITS: In extremely difficult situations

167. EPISCOPALIANISM: Spiritual discipline 178. INNER TURMOIL: Personal distress

168. FAITH: Confidence or trust in a person or thing: faith in 179. ISLAM: Spiritual renewal
another's ability. Belief that is not based on proof: He had faith
that the hypothesis would be substantiated by fact. Belief in 180. JUDAISM: Preservation of an ancient tradition
God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion: the firm faith of
the Pilgrims. 181. MORMONISM: Anti-materialism

169. FASTING: Eating little or no food for a special reason 182. NOTION OF: Idea
184. OVER TIME: Gradually
183. OUT OF TOUCH WITH: Not understanding
185. PILGRIMAGE:
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198. TRAPPIST: Roman Catholic Church. a member of a

186. PROPHETS: Holy men branch of the Cistercian order, observing the austere reformed
rule established at La Trappe in 1664.
187. PULL BACK: Withdraw
199. VIBRANT: Full of energy and life
188. QUEST: Search
200. WALKS OF LIFE: Positions in society
189. REFRAIN FROM: Not do something you want to do
201. WELL-BEING: A feeling of being happy, healthy, or
190. REPLENISH: Renew and refill satisfied

191. ROYALTIES: Money paid to a writer 202. WILL: Determination

192. SEE EYE TO EYE: Agree

193. SERENITY: Peacefulness

194. SOUL: The principle of life, feeling, thought, and action in

humans, regarded as a distinct entity separate from the body,
and commonly held to be separable in existence from the body;
the spiritual part of humans as distinct from the physical part. GRAMMAR: COUNT
AND NON- COUNT
195. STUMBLING BLOCK: Problem or difficulty
NOUNS
196. TOOK ON: Started
QUANTIFIERS
BEFORE COUNT NOUNS
197. TRACE… BACK: Finds the origins of something
A lot of
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Many/ a great many The monastic life is a human phenomenon. The find of all times,
Quite a few in every country, in every religion worthy of the name.
A bunch of
A ( large) number of In the Church, from its origins, it never lacked men and women
Certain who dedicated themselves to seek and serve God to the
Not many exclusion of everything else. Such people deserve to be called
Very few( just a few / only a few) "monks", for "monk" is not so much living alone without a
A few / few partner, in desert places, as it tends to make the full unification
Fewer of his being to join God.

The monks practice fudge mundi. Leave everything, go out of

QUANTIFIERS BEFORE NON-COUNT NOUNS society, are interned in the desert. A few opt for a life quite
A lot of lonely, others form colonies of hermits, others, finally, embrace
A great deal of community life, giving rise to the first monasteries.
Quite a bit of
A large amount of The Spirit inspires men of great sanctity and profound wisdom
that channel, guided by the Gospel, that movement, broad,
powerful and somewhat anarchic Antony, Pachomius, Basil,
Not much Jerome, Augustine...
Very little ( just a little / only a little)
A little / little Source: http://www.mundilink.com/benedictinas/
Less
Did you know that in our country there is a Monastery called
NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION Santa Ecolástica?

Yes, for those who do not know is located in Pozos de Santa.

Spiritual Renewal It is actually very small, there is a group of nine young.
In this monastery different activities in honor of God. Praise, bless,
adore, glorify God, give thanks for the benefits to their children
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daily fills men, humble and confidently present the prayers for the
Church and humanity.
Fasting. They have rules.

Practice meditation, silence, wisdom, prayer. And cultivate

asceticism.

Bless: To make holy by religious rite; sanctify

Fasting: Fasting is voluntarily not eating food for varying
lengths of time
Humble: Marked by meekness or modesty in behavior,
attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful.
UNIT 7: WORKPLACE PRIVACY 210.
DRIVING:
203. 24-7: Constant Causing

204. A LOG: An official written record 211.

205. BUG (ED): Put a secret listening device in

206. CHEAP SHOT: Unfair attack EAVESDROPPING: Listen to secretly

207. DEMEANED: Insulted 212. EMPLOYEES: People who work for a company or
organization
208. DETER: Prevent
213. EMPLOYER: Person or organization that you work for
209. DIGNITY: Respectability, seriousness
214. FINE LINE: Unclear distinction
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228. STEP UP: Increased

215. FOOLPROOF: Incapable of failing
229. SUBJECT TO: Open to
216. GO THAT EXTRA MILE: Making an extra effort
230. SURVEILLANCE: The act of watching carefully or secretly
217. KEEP AN EYE ON: Watch closely and continuously
231. THINK TWICE ABOUT: Considered the problems with
218. KEEP TABS ON: Observed carefully
232. WILLY-NILLY: Unpredictably; without our choosing
219. LEAVE…AT THE DOOR: Forget
GRAMMAR: VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE – TWO
220. LEGITIMATE: Lawful; reasonable FORMS, TWO MEANINGS
221. NOT HAVE A LEG TO STAND ON: Not stand a chance
FORGET + GERUND
to win
He will never forget having his calls monitored. The experience
was so demeaning
222. RACIAL SLURS: Insulting comments about a person`s
race
FORGET + INFINITIVE
223. SAFEGUARDS: Protections
The manager was fired because he forgot to write a report
about his staff`s phone calls.
224. SCOPE: Range
STOP + GERUND
225. SINISTER: Evil
The stopped calling her friends during office hours
226. SLIPPERY SLOPE: Begun a process difficult to stop
STOP + INFINITIVE
227. SNOOP ON: Secretly looking at
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When she realized how late she was working, she stopped to during business hours. …
call home
and my opinion Then
NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION all the circumstances
Workplace Privacy… described, I consider very
As you know, I work for Social Security, and my work there is no important the use of monitoring cameras in the workplace in
such monitoring. Couples in which authorities can check the work order to have better control over what employees do and having
of their employees. Many workers from Social Security, and most more cash into working hours. Besides achieving avoid
do what they want, no one has control. There is evidence that the considerable loss of materials. Because if we think of the
actual working time on average four hours a day. The rest of time, following conditions would improve Social Security, imagine if
people engage in personal activities, go to the bank, personally there are 1000 employees and each employee takes home a
met, perform tasks of the university, talking with colleagues and pencil, how much does this cost to the institution? ... Are saying
often steal pencils, erasers, paper and various office items. about the described. Of course some private workplaces are
Including print homework’s child or employee. There has been abusing of monitoring and no leave breath of the employees ... do
taking pictures of SLEEPING employees during working hours. And we honestly work hard and fulfill the tasks assigned in our work,
take advantage of activities in distant locations, go to take a beers since for this is that we pay.
UNIT 8: WARRIORS WITHOUT WEAPONS 237. COUNCIL: An ecclesiastical assembly for deciding matters
of doctrine or discipline.
233. ALTERNATIVE ETHIC: Different moral principle
238. COUNTERINTUITIVE: Control
234. ASSURE: To declare earnestly to; inform or tell positively;
state with confidence to: She assured us that everything would 239. DEVASTATING: Completely destructive
turn out all right.
240. DISSEMINATE: Express
235. BARBARISM AND SAVAGERY: Cruel and extremely
violent behavior 241. DISSEMINATING: Communicating widely

236. CODES: Rules 242. DO WITHOUT: To dispense with the thing mentioned:
The store doesn't have any, so you'll have to do without.
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243. DRAFT EVADER: Someone who avoids the military 255. LEGITIMACY: Strongly associated

244. ENSURE: To make secure or safe, as from harm. 256. LIVE BY: Attracted to

245. EQUATED: Understand 257. PREVAILED: Existed; lasted

246. FAMINE: Dearth, paucity, poverty, meagerness, 258. RATIFIED: Signed; officially approved
scantness
259. RESTRAIN: Illogical; unexpected
247. GET AT: Follow
260. SLAVERY: A state of subjection like that of a slave: He
248. HOUSE- AND – GARDEN: Common – sense was kept in slavery by drugs.

249. HUMAN UNIVERSALS: Values shared by all human 261. SPARE: Save
beings
262. SUBSCRIBE TO: Support and follow
250. IDENTIFY WITH:
263. TAME: Control
251. IMPLIES: To indicate or suggest without being explicitly
stated: His words implied a lack of faith. 264. UNLEASH: Release

252. INFER: to guess; speculate; surmise. To hint; imply; 265. VOLATILE: Potentially violent
suggest
266. VOLATILE: Likely to explode; tense
253. INSTITUTIONALIZE: Make generally acceptable;
establish 267. WARRIOR: A person who shows or has shown great
vigor, courage, or aggressiveness, as in politics or athletics.
254. LEGITIMACY: Moral and legal acceptability
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268. WEAPON: Anything used against an opponent, adversary, Statements:

or victim: the deadly weapon of satire Shift tense back. Make appropriate pronoun and adverb changes.7

GRAMMAR: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Questions

Choose expressive verbs such as complain, mention, remark, answer, Yes/No questions: Do no use say. Use if or whether
reply, predict, deny, explain, wonder, question, add, respond, comment,
observe and continue. COMMANDS
Use not + infinitive with negative commands or other imperative verbs
forms.
NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION

UNIT 8: BLOOD DONATION

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on what he or she donates and the laws of the country where

• A blood donation occurs when a healthy person voluntarily has the donation takes place.
blood drawn. The blood is
used for transfusions or Bruising: To develop or bear a discolored spot on the skin as the
made into medications by a result of a blow, fall, etc
process called Faint: feeling weak, dizzy, or exhausted; about to lose
fractionation. consciousness: faint with hunger.
Fractionation is a separation process in which a certain quantity of a
• I n t h e d e v e l o p e d w o
mixture (solid, liquid, solute, suspension or isotope) is divided up in a
who give blood for a number of smaller quantities (fractions) in which the composition
community supply. In changes according to a gradient
poorer countries,
established supplies are Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation
limited and donors usually give blood when family or friends need
a transfusion. Many donors donate as an act of charity, but some
My opinion
are paid and in some cases there are incentives other than money
such as paid time off from work. A donor can also have blood
Without doubt, the fact of giving blood involves a nice way to
drawn for their own future use. Donating is relatively safe, but
help those in need. Many people are admitted to the Suction by a
some donors have bruising where the needle is inserted or may
large amount of time and in constant need of blood transfusions.
feel faint.
Many times someone's life may depend on the donation of
Potential donors are evaluated for anything that might make
another person.
their blood unsafe to use. The screening includes testing for
To become a donor must meet
diseases that can be transmitted by a blood transfusion,
certain rules and comply with
including HIV and viral hepatitis. The donor is also asked about
requirements. An individual donor
medical history and given a short physical examination to make
has great values and understands
sure that the donation is not hazardous to his or her health.
the importance of helping others,
How often a donor can give varies from days to months based
common sense and has different
moral principles.
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Unit 9: BOOSTING BRAIN POWER THROUGH THE 281. INTERVENTIONS: Special activities to prevent bad
results
ARTS
282. NEUROLOGICAL: Related to nerves
269. ABSTRACT REASONING: Ability to understand general
concepts that cannot be immediately seen or felt
283. PRIMED: Prepared
270. ADVANCING: Progressing
284. PROFICIENCY: Ability and skill
271. AS A WHOLE: Entirely
285. REAPED BENEFITS: Got advantages
272. BOOST: Increase
286. REGARDLESS OF: Without considering
273. BUILDING BLOCKS: Parts; pieces
287. SELF-ESTEEM: Confidence
274. CAUGHT UP TO: Reached
288. SEQUENTIAL: In a particular order
275. CURRICULUM: List of subjects taught
289. UNDERSCORING: Complete and varied
276. DID MORE FOR: Benefited
290. WELL-ROUNDED: Emphasizing
277. ENHANCE: Improve
291. WORK IN PROGRESS: Unfinished product
278. FOUND: Concluded from data

279. HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH: Didn`t involve

280. HALLMARK: Outstanding feature

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GRAMMAR: THE PASSIVE VOICE AND THE PASSIVE

CAUSATIVE
NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION
Is formed by using a form of the verb to be plus the past participle of the
main verb. The verb to be can be used in any tense, as illustrated below. UNIT 9: MOZART EFFECT

The passive voice is used when you: The Mozart effect can refer to:
A set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozart's
Want to emphasize the object of the action, not the actor. music may induce a short-term improvement on the
Do not know the actor performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as "spatial-
Want to avoid mentioning who performed the action or to avoid temporal reasoning;" Popularized versions of the theory, which
blaming anyone suggest that "listening to Mozart makes you smarter", or that
Want to report an idea or fact. early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial
effect on mental development; A US trademark for a set of
commercial recordings and related materials, which are
Passive Causative claimed to harness the effect for a variety of purposes. The
trademark owner, Don Campbell, Inc., claims benefits far
Is used to speak about services arranged beyond improving spatio-temporal reasoning or raising
intelligence, defining the mark as "an inclusive term signifying
It is formed by the verbs get or have and the past participle of the main the transformational powers of music in health, education, and
verb well-being." The term was first coined by Alfred A. Tomatis who
used Mozart's music as the listening stimulus in his work
attempting to ure a variety of disorders. The approach has been
popularized in a book by Don Campbell, and is based on an
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experiment published in Nature suggesting that listening to

Mozart temporarily boosted students' IQ by 8 to 9 points
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart_effect • For people with Traumatic Injuries, music-assisted physical
therapy improves gross and fine motor functioning, coordination,
Music Therapy and visual and auditory perception

• Is the systematic use of music, within a developing relationship •

between patient and therapist to restore, maintain, and improve • For people who have had a Stroke, musically assisted speech is
physical, emotional, psychosocial and neurologic function. used to treat non-fluent aphasia, one of the most common
speech disorders following stroke

Music Therapy is used to awaken, rehabilitate and heal: • For people with Acute and Chronic Pain, music therapy provides
relief, induces relaxation and eases anxiety

• For people with Alzheimer's disease and other Dementias music,

especially familiar songs, unlock memories; participation in music • For people with Depression, music is a powerful modality for
improves communication, overcomes withdrawal connecting to feelings, expressing thoughts, and overcoming
isolation.
• For people with Parkinson's disease and other movement
disorders, moving to music help improve gait, balance and range • Source: http://www.bethabe.org/Music_Therapy213.html
of motion
292. ANECDOTE: A short story based on personal experience
UNIT 10: MICROFINANCE;
293. AS OPPOSED TO: Compared to
CHANGING LIVES $50
AT A TIME 294. BACKLASH: Negative reaction

295. BEAR THE BRUNT: Suffer the worst

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296. BOTTOM OF THE…PYRAMID: Lowest economic level 310. NICHE MARKET: Specific or specialized market

297. CHARACTERIZATION: Description 311. NON-MONETARY: No related to money

298. COMPELLING: Interesting 312. OVEREXTENDED: Owing too much money

299. COTTAGE INDUSTRY: Home based business 313. OVERNIGHT: Sudden

300. DIMINISH: Lessen 314. PANACEA: Solution. Something thought to eliminate a

problem
301. ELABORATE: Give more details or information
315. PITFALLS: Dangers. Problems or difficulties
302. GIFT THAT KEEPS ON GIVING: A gift that continues to
grow and benefit its recipient 316. PROFIT MARGINS: The difference between business
expenses and income
303. GRASSROOTS: Related to ordinary people
317. PULL THEMSELVES UP BY THEIR BOOTSTRAPS:
304. HAD FAITH IN: Believed in; trusted Improve their situation through hard work

305. HIT A CEILING: Reaches the limit of success 318. SAFETY NET: Help in times of trouble. Plan or
arrangement business expenses and income
306. IN PERPETUITY: For all future time
319. SUSTAINABLE: Able to continue
307. KICKER: Unexpected and surprising remark or fact
320. THE WORLD OVER: In every area of the world
308. MAKE DO: Manage
321. TOOK A HIT: Was negatively affected
309. MALNOURISHED: Sick or weak due to lack of food
322. TOP-DOWN AID: Assistance from higher levels
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NEWSPAPER CONTRIBUTION
323. UPWARD MOBILITY: Moving toward a better position

324. WIPED OUT: Destroyed New opportunities with microfinance …

I read an article online about Jamii Bora, predicted by Ingrid Munro, who
saw the beggars and prostitutes who achieved an option to go ahead and
GRAMMAR: PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONALS give a new horizon and new opportunities.
Use present unreal conditionals to discuss situations in the present which
Jamii Bora has grown into one of the largest microfinance Kenyan
are contrary- to- fact.
microcredit has circulated for about $ 41 billion and has 235,000
members. Since its inception in 1999 in the neighborhoods where they
IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE
live most neglected human groups in Nairobi was progressively extended
their activities to other rural areas of the country.
If + subject + verb (past form) Subject + could + verb (base form)
Would
The article emphasizes two
Might
paradigmatic cases that
highlight the ongoing work
Jamii Bora and the value of
microfinance for those who
PAST UNREAL CONDITIONALS
want to build your future
with dignity: that of a
IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE
woman who joined the
If + subject + verb (past perfect) Subject + could + have + verb (past participle)
group of 50 beggars received
aaaaaa Might the first loan, which now has
Would six businesses and 62
employees, and a thief, then
one of the most wanted criminals in your neighborhood, after receiving a
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loan of $ 20 to swell their heritage flourished with the four business it layer, but rather, they stress that one should not be too bad, because it is
possesses today. a way to keep down the others and they also deserve opportunities.

Source: http://www.jamiibora.org/ This means a lot, because it is very hard to see these people lying in the
streets with no direction, eating garbage and trash and sleeping in boxes. I
wish our country could see the example of others and we could help
these people who need support and someone to boost to emerge and
succeed.

…and reality
The economic situation around the world today is very hard, many people
see the world of microfinance as an excellent choice and are able to take
advantage of an excellent way.

As the examples mentioned above, in our country there are also banks
that provide these options and offer new opportunities for people with
limited resources who wish to arise.

What caught my attention the article that I mentioned is that target

homeless people and prostitutes; thing I have not heard in our country.
The organization Jamii Bora, he saw a dim view of people that form this