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Semester Project:
B.MODEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction .................................................................. 16
2. Aspen Hysys Simulator .................................................. 16
A. THEORETICAL PART
1.
Introduction ..................................................................... 5
2.
4. Feed .............................................................................. 18
3.
3.1.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
4.
Citations .............................................................................. 27
A.
THEORETICAL PART
1. INTRODUCTION
Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons with varying
quantities of nonhydrocarbons, which are normally considered
impurities. Natural gas is composed mainly of methane. In addition,
it usually contains minor quantities of heavier hydrocarbons and
varying amounts of gaseous nonhydrocarbons such as nitrogen,
carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
Natural gas is set to become one of the most important primary
energy sources for the 21st century. As the cleanest fossil fuel, it
possesses many advantages such as giving off a great deal of heating
energy when it burns and emits lower levels of potentially harmful
byproducts and thus, it is expected to be one of the most promising
energy resources in the coming decades (Natural Gas Supply
Association, 2010).
Natural gas is transported either in pipelines or in liquefied
natural gas carriers after exploration and treatment. The liquefied
natural gas is produced by the liquefaction process of natural gas,
which refrigerates natural gas sources from ambient temperature to
around 162 oC in atmospheric pressure.
Cascade
Processes
LNG Processes
With pre-cooling
Mixed
Refrigerant
Processes
Without precooling
a closer approach. However, the power is not the same on all three
cycles, unlike the new cascade. Plate-fin exchangers are used on the
first cycle, and spiral wound exchangers on the two colder cycles.
processes. In the SMR process the feed gas enters the LNG
exchanger at feed conditions and is cooled against the cold
refrigerant stream to the required LNG storage conditions of less
than -155 oC. The cold low-pressure refrigerant stream also acts to
condense the high-pressure refrigerant stream prior to the pressure
let down stage that provides the necessary heat exchanger cold side
temperature differential.
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consumer fuel, enhance the calorific value of the natural gas and
avoid pipelines and equipment corrosion.
The technologies that are widely used to treat the natural gas
include absorption processes, adsorption processes, cryogenic
condensation and membranes. The technologies and their
improvement have been developed over the years to treat certain
types of gas with the aim of optimizing capital cost and operating
cost, meet gas specifications and environmental purposes.
The type and desing of purification processes is determined
taking into consideration factors such as nature and amount of
contaminants in the feed gas, the amount of every contaminants
present in feed gas and the targeted removal capacity, amount of
hydrocarbon in the gas, pipeline specification, capital and operating
cost, amount of gas to be processed, desired selectivity, conditions at
which the feed gas is available for processing are the major factors
that should also be considered (Shimekit & Mukhtar, 2006).
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Others
5%
95%
4.1.
ACID G AS REMOVAL
13
4.2.
DEHYDRATION
The sweet gas leaving the acid gas removal step is still saturated
with water. Especially when the gas will be used as a feed for LNG
production, it is essential that water should be completely removed
in order to prevent hydrates formation.
Cryogenic Dehydration. The wet gas is cooled until the
components to be removed precipitate by condensationor formation
of hydrates
14
4.3.
MERCURY REMOVAL
4.4.
NITROGEN REJECTION
15
B.
MODEL
1. INTRODUCTION
16
Where:
17
4. FEED
In the current process, synthetic natural gas (SNG) from the
methanisation process is used as a feed to the unit. The composition
of the feed is shown in Table 1.
Purification
Section
Propane
precooling
Section
Compressor
Train Section
Liquefaction
Section
Mole Fractions
CH4
0.5960
N2
0.01
H2O
0.3510
H2
0.0260
CO2
0.0170
Table 1 SNG Feed Composition
5. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Water Separation
CO2 Removal
Dehydration
Nitrogen Rejection
5.1.
P URIFICATION SECTION
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phase separator. After this step, the gas appears the following
composition (Table 2):
Mole Fractions
CH4
0.9162
N2
0.0154
H2O
0.0024
H2
0.0400
CO2
0.0261
Table 2 SNG Composition after H2O Separation
95,82
H2
4,18
Table 3 SNG Composition after Purification
Fig. 10 Purification Section
19
5.2.
Methane
0.32
Ethane
0.33
Butane
0.1
Nitrogen
0.25
Table 4 Mixed Refrigerant Composition
5.3.
20
5.4.
LIQUEFACTION SECTION
In this section, three fin plate cryogenic heat exchangers are used
to cool down the SNG to -165 oC which is the liquefaction
temperature.
The pre-cooled natural gas, along with the two streams of
refrigerant mixture, enters the first heat exchanger (LNG-101) where
it is cooled down to -90 oC. Then, it enters the LNG-102 heat
exchanger where it is further cooled down to -140 oC.
Subsequently, gas liquefaction is achieved in the third heat
exchanger (LNG-103) which cools the SNG down to -165 oC.
Fig. 12 Natural Gas C3 Pre-Cooling Section
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6. ENERGY ANALYSIS
It is known that the main energy demand for liquefaction
processes is the energy consumed at the compressors. In the current
process four compressors exist:
K-100 and K-101, both used at MR Compressor train
section
K-102 used for compressing propane at MR propane
cooling cycle and
K-103 used at propane pre-cooling section of SNG
kgmole/h
Mass Flow
961,4
kg/h
HHV Mass
55,61
MJ/kg
50,42
MJ/kg
LHV Mass
(Low Heating Value of
Stream Natural Gas to
LNG Section)
Compressor
K-100
334,1
kW
K-101
301,3
kW
K-102
22,55
kW
K-103
275,6
kW
Energy 933,55
62,2
Total
Demand
Molar Flow
kW
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7. DYNAMIC MODELING
As a final step, an effort to simulate the current process in
Dynamic Mode was made.
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8. CONCLUSIONS
CITATIONS
27
Sittler, L., & Ajikutira, D. (2013). Jump Start: Aspen HYSYS V8.0.
AspenTech.
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