100 ARCHITECTURAL TERMS USED IN HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE_____________________________
INSTRUCTIONS: SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS. MAKE ONLY ONE ANSWER FOR EACH ITEM. STRICKLY NO ERASURES
ALLOWED.
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
1. What is a decorative appendage on the corners of the base of a round column
resting on a square or polygonal pilnth, in the form of a grotesque, a tongue or
leafwork?
a. spur
d. none of the above

b. Springer

c. springing line

REF: ERNEST BURDEN, ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE, p. 202

2. It is a short channel or tube used to spill storm water from gullies, balconies;
exterior galleries so that the water will fall clear of the building.
a .drainage
d. water cistern

b. Spoiler

c. spout

REF: ERNEST BURDEN, DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE, p. 202

3. It is to connect, unite, or join two similar members, wires, columns or pieces:
usually in a straight line by fastening the lapped ends by means of mechanical end
connectors or by welding.
a .butt splice
d. lap splice

b. spline joint

c. splice

REF: ERNEST BURDEN, DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE, p. 202

4. A vertical window which projects from a sloping roof, placed in a small gable.
a .camber window
casement window

b. Double- hung window

c. dormer window

d.

REF: IBID, p. 236

5. A window ventilating sash, fixed at the sides of the opening into which it is fitted,
which swings open on hinges along its entire length.
a .camber window
d. casement window
REF: IBID, p. 236

b. Double- hung window

c. dormer window

6. A type of projecting window or bay window for the display of goods in shops.
a .camber window
none of the above

b. cabinet window

c. dormer window

d.

REF: IBID, p. 236

7. A public open space or square surrounded by buildings.

a .piazza

b. garden

c. plaza

d. pier

REF: IBID, p. 158

8. A free- standing support for an arch, usually composite in section and thicker
than a column, but performing the same function.
a .pier

b. buttress

c. arch

d. beam

REF: IBID, p. 158

9. A pier which receives the thrust of a flying buttress.
a .pier buttress
the above

b. buttress

c. buttress arch

d. none of

REF: IBID, p. 158

10. The durable surface of a sidewalk, or other outdoor area.
a .asphalt
the above

b. pavement

c. stones

d. none of

REF: IBID, p. 152

11. A low- ceilinged story located between two main stories usually constructed
directly above the ground floor.
a .second floor

b. mezzanine

c. balcony

d. terrace

REF: IBID, p. 134

12. A niche in the mosque of any religious Muslim building, indicating the direction
of prayer toward Mecca.
a .milling
mhrab
REF: IBID, p. 134

b. spur

c. mher

d.

13. In stonework, the processing of quarry blocks, through sawing, planning,

turning, and cutting techniques, to produce finished stone.
a .milling

b. grinding

c. quarrying

d. mining

REF: IBID, p. 134

14. The tall slender tower of a mosque with stairs leading up to one or more
balconies from which followers are called to a prayer.
a .spur

b. batter

c. minaret

d. cone of vision

REF: IBID, p. 134

15. A Bronze Age civilization (1800-1300 B.C), whose gate buildings with porches
provided access to unfortified compounds.
a .roman architecture
none of the above

b. mission architecture

c. minoan architecture

d.

REF: IBID, p. 134

16. The church and monastery architecture of the Spanish religious orders in Mexico
and California in the 18th century.
a .roman architecture
d. early Christian

b. mission architecture

c. minoan architecture

REF: IBID, p. 134

17. A diplomatic office in a foreign country, a small church or monastic order.
a .mission architecture

b. mission

c. Mission style

d. mission file

REF: IBID, p. 134

18. The line formed by the meeting of moldings or other surfaces which intersect
each other at an angle.
a .milling
mhrab

b. spur

c. mher

d.

REF: IBID, p. 134

19. A broad deep trench, filled with water, surrounding ramparts of a town or
fortress.
a .mhrab

b. spur

c. mher

d. moat

REF: IBID, p. 134

20. A term meaning just now. It used concrete, steel and glass.
a .deconstructivism
early modern

b. modernism

c. formalism

d.

REF: IBID, p. 134

21. A permanent projecting rooflike shelter over an entrance to a building, often

displaying information about performances.
a .attic
marquetry

b. marquee

c. gable

d.

REF: IBID, p. 127

22. Inlaid pieces of material, such as wood or ivory, fitted together and glued to a
common background.
a .attic
marquetry

b. marquee

c. gable

d.

REF: IBID, p. 127

23. The representation of a face, a human or partly human head, more or less
caricatured, and used as an architectural element.
a .mascaron
d. moscoran

b. moscaron

c. mascaran

REF: IBID, p. 127

24. A corbel, the shadow of which bears a close resemblance to that of a human
face.
a .mascaron
d. mask

b. moscaron

c. maskara

REF: IBID, p. 127

25. Includes all stone products, all brick products and all concrete block units,
including decorative and customized blocks.

a .masonry
none of the above

b. concrete manonry

c. ashlar masonry

d.

REF: IBID, p. 127

26. Any opening in a parapet or wall to allow vision, light or air.
a. light well
d. gable

b. loophole

c. louvers

REF: IBID, p. 124

27. A window opening made up of overlapping boards, blades or slats, either fixed
or adjustable, designed to allow ventilation in varying degrees without letting in the
rain.
a. light well
d. gable

b. loophole

c. louvers

REF: IBID, p. 124

28. An equilateral four- sided figure with pairs of equal angles, two acute and two
obtuse.
a. light well
d. gable

b. lozenge

c. louvers

REF: IBID, p. 124

29. The pleasing interaction or appropriate orderly of the elements in a
composition.
a. harmony
the above

b. harmonic proportions

c. harmony proportions

d. none of

REF: IBID, p. 107

30. The middle part of an arch, between the springing point and the crown.
a. haunch
hattin

b. batter

c. swingers

REF: IBID, p. 107

31. In general, the uppermost member of any structure.

d.

a. haunch

b. batter

c. head

d.moat

REF: IBID, p. 107

32. The uppermost horizontal cross member between jambs, which forms the top of
a door or window frame, may provide structural support for construction above.
a. haunch

b. batter

c. head

d.moat

REF: IBID, p. 107

33. Any spiral form, particularly a small volute or twist under the abacus of the
Corinthian capital.
a. haunch

b.helix

c. merions

d.moat

REF: IBID, p. 107

34. Architecture (480-323 B.c.) of the classical Greek period up to the death of
Alexander the great.
a .roman architecture
b. mission architecture
hellenistic architecture

c. Minoan architecture

d.

REF: IBID, p. 107

35. A rounded form resembling half of a sphere bounded by a circle.
a .cylindrical
of the above

b. hemisperical

c. elliptical

d. none

REF: IBID, p. 107

36. A tower that is finished with a gable on two or all sides, instead of terminating
in a spire.
a .fosse

b. keep

c. gable top

d. gable tower

REF: IBID, p. 96
37. A decorative pedestal, taking the place of a column, tapered downward and
rectangular in cross section, forming the lower part of a herm, on which a human
bust is mounted.
a .glacis
REF: IBID, p. 96

b. keep

c. gaine

d. none of the above

38. A long covered area acting as a corridor inside or on the exterior of a building or
between buildings.
a .glacis

b. keep

c. gaine

d. gallery

REF: IBID, p. 96
39. A piece of ground, open or enclosed, appropriated to plants, trees, shrubs, or
other landscape features.
a .garden

b. plaza

c. piazza

d. none of the above

REF: IBID, p. 96
40 A spout carrying water from the roofs above, frequently carved with grotesque
figures of animals with open mouths, from which water discharged away from the
buildings walls.
a .glacis

b. gargoyle

c. keep

d. fosse

REF: IBID, p. 96
41. Decoration produced by cutting away the background of a pattern in stone or
wood, leaving the rest as a grating.
a .fretting

b. keep

c. gaine

d. talus

REF: IBID, p. 94
42. A rectangular motif used in early Greek border ornament or pattern, rarely as an
isolated ornamental device, an angular counterpart of the spiral or wave.
a .fretting

b. fretwork

c. fosse

d. talus

REF: IBID, p. 94

43. An elevated horizontal continuous band or panel that is usually located below
the cornice, and often decorated with sculpture in low relief.
a .frieze

b. offensive

c. gargoyle

d. talus

REF: IBID, p. 94
44. The decorated front wall or bay of a building.
a .keep
REF: IBID, p. 94

b. frontispiece

c. loirre

d. glacis

45. A part or feature of a faade, often treated as a separated element and

ornamented highly.
a. talus

b. frontispiece

c. loirre

d.donjon

REF: IBID, p. 94
46. An ornamental porch or main pediment.
a .keep

b. frontispiece

c. loirre

d. glacis

REF: IBID, p. 94
47. Rusticated, with formalized stalactites or icicles, given an even, granular
surface to avoid shine, closely reticulated or matted to avoid transparency.
a .frosted

b. rustic

c. glazed

d. frosting

REF: IBID, p. 94
48. A court forming an entrance plaza for a single building, or a group of several
buildings.
a .garden

b. open court

c. courtyard

d. forecourt

REF: IBID, p. 91
49. A term representing a new classicism in American architecture (1950- 1965),
manifested in buildings by Mies Van Der Rohe, Phillip Johnson, Paul Rudolph and
Minuro Yamasaki.
a .deconstructivism
early modern

b. modernism

c. formalism

REF: IBID, p. 91

50. A garden whose plantings, walks, pools and fountains follow a definite,
recognizable plan frequently symmetrical, emphasizing geometrical forms.
a .formal garden
REF: IBID, p. 91

b. open court

c. garden

d. forecourt

d.

51. A transitional style between the Gothic and Renaissance in England (1558-1603)
named after a queen, consisting mostly of designs for country houses, characterized
by large windows and by strap iron ornamentation.
a .Estelline style
elizabethan style

b. Franconia style

c. Katherine style

d.

REF: IBID, p. 80
52. A cylindrical or polygonal wall below a dome, often pierced with windows.
a .dormer

b. drum

c. charette

d. In cavetto

REF: IBID, p. 77
53. Recessed or lowered in two steps, as when a panel is sunk below the surface of
a larger panel.
a .pilaster

b .double- sunk

c. charette

d. in cavetto

REF: IBID, p. 77
54. A dormer whose eave line is parallel to the eave of the main roof, as opposed to
one whose eave is gabled.
a .dormer cheek

b. Eyebrow dormer

c. gable dormer

d. shed dormer

c. gable dormer

d. shed dormer

REF: IBID, p. 77
55. The vertical side of a dormer.
a .dormer cheek

b. eyebrow dormer

REF: IBID, p. 76
56. A structure projecting from a sloping roof usually housing a vertical window that
is placed in a small gable, or containing a ventilating louver.
a .dormer cheek

b. eyebrow dormer

c. gable dormer

d. dormer

REF: IBID, p. 76

57. The first and simplest of the orders, developed by the Dorian Greeks, consisting
of relatively short shafts with flutes meeting with a sharp arris, simple undecorated
capital, square abacus and having no base.
a .doric order

b. ionic order

c. Corinthian order

d. none of the above

REF: IBID, p. 76
58. It is a knob, bar, or ring of metal attached to the outside of an exterior door to
enable a person to announce his or her presence, usually held by a hinge so that it
can be lifted t strike a metal plare.
a .doorknocker

b. door head

c. door mullion

d. door muntin

REF: IBID, p. 74
59. An intermediate vertical member that divides the panels of a door.
a .doorknocker

b. door head

c. door mullion

d. door muntin

REF: IBID, p. 74
60. The center vertical member of a double door opening set between two single
active leaves, usually the strike side of each leaf.
a .doorknocker

b. door head

c. door mullion

d. door muntin

REF: IBID, p. 74
61. The uppermost member of a door frame, a horizontal projection above a door.
a .doorknocker

b. door head

c. door mullion

d. door muntin

REF: IBID, p. 74
62. A crossbar separating a door from a light of window located above it.
a .door rail

b. door stile

c. door threshold

d. door transom

REF: IBID, p. 74
63. A horizontal cross member connecting the hinge stile to the lock stile, both at
the top and bottom of the door and at intermediate location, maybe exposed as in
panel doors, or concealed, as in flush doors.
a .door rail

b. door stile

c. door threshold

d. door transom

REF: IBID, p. 74

64. One of the upright structural members of the frame at the outer edge of a door.
a .door rail
REF: IBID, p. 74

b. Door stile

c. door threshold

d. door transom

65. A strip fastened to the floor beneath a door, usually required to cover the joint
where two types of floor material meet.
a .door rail

b. door stile

c. door threshold

d. door transom

REF: IBID, p. 74
66. A series or closely spaced ornamental rectangular blocks resembling teeth,
used as moldings most often in continuous bands just below the cornice.
a .Cuspidation

b. serrated

c. dentil

d. crest

REF: IBID, p. 68
67. Any system of ornamentation which consists of or contains cusps.
a .cuspidation

b. serrated

c. dentil

d. crest

REF: IBID, p. 66
68. Any uppermost or terminal features in architecture, the top of an arch including
the key stone; the corona of a cornice, often including the elements above it.
a .Crossette

b. bevel

c. patina

d. crown

REF: IBID, p. 65
69. A lateral projection of the architrave moldings of classical doors and windows at
the extremities of the lintel or head.
a .crossette

b. bevel

c. patina

d. crown

REF: IBID, p. 65
70. An ornament on a roof, a roof screen or wall which is frequently perforated, and
consists of rhythmic and identical patterns that are highly decorated.
a .cuspidation

b. serrated

c. dentil

d. crest

REF: IBID, p. 64

71. Overhanging eaves where the rafters are exposed at the eaves and can be seen
from below.
a .boxed cornice
modillion cornice
REF: IBID, p. 63

b. horizontal cornice

c. open cornice

d.

72. The level cornice of the pediment under the two inclined cornices.
a .boxed cornice
modillion cornice

b. horizontal cornice

c. open cornice

d.

REF: IBID, p. 63
73. A cornice supported by a series of modillions, often found in Composite and
Corinthian orders.
a .boxed cornice
modillion cornice

b. horizontal cornice

c. open cornice

d.

REF: IBID, p. 63
74. A hollow cornice, built up of boards and moldings resulting in a soffit under the
eaves.
a .boxed cornice
modillion cornice

b. horizontal cornice

c. open cornice

d.

REF: IBID, p. 63
75. The most ornamental of the three orders developed by the Greeks,
characterized by a high base, pedestal slender fluted shaft fillets, ornate capitals
using stylized acanthus leaves, and an elaborate cornice.
a .Doric order

b. ionic order

c. corinthian order

d. none of the above

REF: IBID, p. 62
76. The stepped edge of an incline that terminates a masonry gable end wall,
masking the surface of a pitched roof beyond, found in northern European masonry
construction.
a .corbelstep

b. arboretum

c. barge board

d. console

REF: IBID, p. 62
77. A vertical decorated bracket in the form of a scroll, usually higher than its
projection from the wall to support a cornice, window or a piece of sculpture.
a .corbelstep
REF: IBID, p. 59

b. arboretum

c. barge board

d. console

78. Having a common center.

a .persona

b. mandapa

c. concentric

d. herm

REF: IBID, p. 57
79. A column entwined by a band which presents a twisted or spiral appearance; a
twisted column.
a .wreathed column
column

b. tension column

c. Wall column

d. insulated

REF: IBID, p. 56
80. A column which is embedded or partially embedded in a wall.
a .wreathed column
column

b. tension column

c. wall column

d. insulated

REF: IBID, p. 56
81. A column subjected to tensile stresses only.
a .wreathed column
column

b. tension column

c. Wall column

d. insulated

REF: IBID, p. 56
82. A decorative sculpture or painting representing chubby, usually naked infants;
also known as amorini or putti.
a .cherubs

b. glyph

c. statue

d. nave

REF: IBID, p. 49
83. The upper member of a column, pillar, pier or pilaster, crowning the shaft and
usually decorated.
a canephora

b. arboretum

c. barge board

d. capital

REF: IBID, p. 42
84. It can carry an architrave, arcade or imposed block. The classical orders each
have representative capitals.
a .canephora
REF: IBID, p. 42

b. arboretum

c. barge board

d. capital

85. An ornament representing a young maiden bearing a basket of ceremonial

offering on her head, used either as a column support or as a free standing garden
ornament.
a .canephora

b. arboretum

c. barge board

d. capital

REF: IBID, p. 41
86. An exterior mass of masonry projecting wall to absorb the lateral thrusts from
roof vaults; either unbroken in their height or broken into stages, with a successive
reduction in their projection and width.
a .buttress

b. angle buttress

c. flying buttress

d. none of the above

REF: IBID, p. 39
87. One of two buttresses that appear at right angles to each other, forming a
corner support for a structure.
a .buttress

b. angle buttress

c. flying buttress

d. none of the above

REF: IBID, p. 39
88. A characteristic feature of gothic construction in which the lateral thrusts of a
roof or vault are carried by a segmental masonry arch, usually sloping to a solid pier
or support sufficient to receive the thrust.
a .buttress

b. angle buttress

c. flying buttress

d. none of the above

REF: IBID, p. 39
89. A projection from a vertical surface providing structural or visual support under
cornices, balconies, windows, or any other over hanging member.
a .tempera

b. bracket

c. travertine

d. roundel

REF: IBID, p. 35
90. The ornamental molding running around the exterior curve of an arch, around
the openings of windows, doors, or other openings.
a .archivolt

b. obelisk

c. antefix

d. rosette

REF: IBID, p. 20
91. A common Greek ornament based on the honeysuckle or palmette, used in a
radiating cluster either singly on stele or antefix, or as a running ornament on
friezes.
a .archivolt

b. aegricranes

c. antefix

d. anthemion

REF: IBID, p. 11
92. A decorated upright slab used in classical architecture and derivatives to close
or conceal the open end of a row of tiles covering the joints of roof tiles.
a .archivolt

b. aegricranes

c. antefix

d. anthemion

REF: IBID, p. 10
93. Sculptured representations of the heads and skulls of goats and rams, once
used as decoration on altars and friezes.
a .archivolt

b. aegricranes

c. antefix

d. anthemion

REF: IBID, p.7

94. An elevated pedestal bearing a statue that is raised above the substructure.
a .acropodium

b. aegricranes

c. antefix

d. anthemion

REF: IBID, p.2

95. It allows children to look into the street without falling over.
a .ventanilla

b. barandillas

c. balusters

d. volada

REF: FERNANDO ZIALCITA, PHILIPPINE ANCESTRAL HOUSES, 1980 p.175

96. A porch overhanging the ground floor but covered with a wall and windows
prevented the heat of the sun from entering the interior rooms.
a .ventanilla

b. barandillas

c. balusters

d. volada

REF: IBID p.113

97. It was for washing, bleaching and drying clothes; it was a hanging garden, a
recreation area and a place to catch the breze.
a .virande

b. comedor

c. azotea

d. zaguan

REF: IBID p.145

98. Found in the dining room rather than the kitchen; it is an extended window
shelf, designed to let sun, wind and force and gravity dry a mountain of dishes.
a .banggeras

b. barandillas

c. balusters

d. volada

REF: IBID p.147

99. A little window below the sill allowed additional breeze into the bahay na bato.

a .banggeras

b. ventanilla

c. balusters

d. volada

REF: IBID p.160

100. Opens out into a fully enclosed, central courtyard.

a .banggeras

b. ventanilla

c. zaguan

d. volada

REF: IBID p.92

COMPILED BY:
JUANANE, MARIA GRASYA DR
AR4-2003116132

ANSWER SHEET:
1. A
2. C

21.B

41. A

22.D

61.B
42. B

81.B
62.D

82.A

3. C

23.A

43. A

63.A

83.D

4. C

24.D

44. B

64.B

84.D

5. D

25.A

45. B

65.C

85.A

6. B

26.B

46. B

66.C

86.A

7. A

27.C

47. A

67.A

87.B

8. A

28.B

48. D

68.D

88.C

9. A

29.A

49. C

69.A

89.B

10. B

30.A

50. A

70.D

90.A

11. B

31.C

51. D

71.C

91.D

12. D

32.C

52. B

72.B

92.C

13. A

33.B

53. B

73.D

93.B

14. C

34.D

54. D

74.A

94.A

15. C

35.B

55. B

75.C

95.B

16. B

36.D

56. D

76.A

96.D

17. B

37.C

57. A

77.D

97.C

18. C

38.D

58. A

78.C

98.A

19. D

39.A

59. D

79.A

99.B

20. B

40.B

60. C

80.C

100.C
COMPILED BY:
JUANANE, MARIA GRASYA DR

AR4-2003116132