Geography Introduction 1.1

Geography: Introduction 1.
1
Presented by Dr. Roman Saini
praful.6991@gmail.com
About me
IAS, Doctor and trying to be a good teacher
If you want to know more, you can read online.
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Importance of Geography
Geography and Environment has significant weightage in both Prelims and Mains
Considerable overlap of Environment (wit SnT and Geography)
It is heavily covered directly in GS Paper-1 and also indirectly in many areas of GS

Paper-3
It helps in interview to deal with questions like Earthquakes, Hunger, Drought situation in
India, Agriculture policy
The location of various biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, wetlands
and rivers has been asked frequently
Current based questions related to monsoon, ocean currents, cyclones and El Nino have
been asked frequently
Geography: Science of earth description. Lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of
Earth.
Eratosthenes. Traditionally, geography dealt with:
spatial analysis (nature, humans i.e. geography as the study of distribution),
area studies (places and regions)
study of the human-land relationship,
research in the Earth sciences.
Modern geography: Comprehensive, all-encompassing discipline (Earth, humans, nature and their
interrelationship and how it originated).
World discipline, bridge between the human and the physical science
2 main branches: human geography and physical geography
Core areas of Geography
Useful resources
Must:
NCERT 6-12
GC Leong (Part A is compulsory)
Microsoft Student Encarta, Oriental Black Swan/ Oxford Atlas
Internet: Wikipedia, Unacademy, Mrunal, Iken Edu and Exam race
PYQs, Maps, Answer writing, focussing on maps and location.
Optional: GS Manuals (Unique/Spectrum etc.), Majid Hussain, Vajiram Yellow

Book, Class notes, Part B of GC Leong
Syllabus Prelims
Indian and World Geography
Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World
General issues on:
Environmental Ecology
Biodiversity
Climate Change
MAINS EXAMINATION: Paper II of GS
Salient features of world's physical geography
Distribution of key natural resources across the World (including South Asia and the
Indian subcontinent)
Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries
in various parts of the world (including India)
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic

activity, cyclone etc.
Geographical features and their location
Changes in critical geographical features (including water bodies and ice-caps) and
in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
MAINS EXAMINATION: Paper IV of GS
Major crops, cropping patterns in various parts of the country
Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation
Environmental Impact Assessment
GC Leong- PART 1: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

The Earth and the Universe
The Earths Crust
Vulcanism and Earthquakes
Weathering, Mass movement and Groundwater
Landforms made by Running Water
Landforms of Glaciation
GC Leong- PART 1: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Arid or Desert Landforms
Limestone and Chalk landforms
Lakes
Coastal landforms
Islands and Coral reefs
The Oceans
GC Leong- PART 2: WEATHER, CLIMATE AND

VEGETATION
Weather
Climate (Distribution, Climate, Natural Vegetation, Economic development)
The Hot Wet Equatorial Climate
The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates
The Savanna or Sudan Climate
The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates
The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate
GC Leong
The Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate
The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China Type) Climate
The Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate
The Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate
The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian) Climate
The Arctic or Polar Climate
How to prepare Geography for Civil Services

Exam?
Make Geography interesting!
Subscribe to channels like Unacademy, Iken Edu and Exam race.
Make flowcharts and maps for ready reference.
Link Geographical concepts with latest happenings.
Make connections
Broad topics to be covered
Relief features and their formation
Weathering, Erosion, Transportation etc
Plate tectonic theories, plate boundary interactions
Lithosphere, landform, endogenic, exogenic processes and movements,

epieregenetic movements
Earths structure, earth shape, latitude, longitude, Parallels, great circle, time
zones, IDL, jet lag
Forest and wild life resources and their conservation
Soil types and their distributions: Profile, chemistry, texture, types
Natural Hazards
Weather and Climate
Global Climate change & role and response of man in climatic changes
Global heat imbalance- wind, convection, structure of atmosphere,

lapse rates, temperature inversion, isothermal zones
Applied Climatology
Currents, Waves and Tides
Coral bleaching
Soil degradation
Wild life
Bio-diversity and Sustainable development
Population and related concepts
Types and patterns of rural settlements
Remedies of urbanization, Sustainable development of cities
Cropping pattern
Aqua-culture
Seri, apiculture & poultry
Agro-based industries
Tourism including eco-tourism
Transport, communication and trade
Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion
Environmental awareness
Linkage of rivers
Forces acting on moving air, planetary winds, 3 cell model, ITCZ, trade winds,
westerlies, ocean currents: Factors affecting ocean currents, gyres
Upwelling, thermohaline circulations, Ekman spiral, ocean currents and climate- warm,
cold.
Reasons for seasons, solstices and equinox
Dawn, twilight, clouds & precipitation- convection, orographic, frontal
Classification of clouds, precipitation theories, forms of precipitation, cloud burst, cloud

seeding
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Geography: Introduction 1.

IAS, Doctor and trying to be a good teacher

If you want to know more, you can read online.

Spread the word of this education revolution.

Any query or doubt, please comment below the video on youtube or

Considerable overlap of Environment (wit SnT and Geography)

It is heavily covered directly in GS Paper-1 and also indirectly in many areas of GS

Eratosthenes. Traditionally, geography dealt with:

spatial analysis (nature, humans i.e. geography as the study of distribution),

area studies (places and regions)

study of the human-land relationship,

research in the Earth sciences.

2 main branches: human geography and physical geography

Core areas of Geography

GC Leong (Part A is compulsory)

Microsoft Student Encarta, Oriental Black Swan/ Oxford Atlas

Internet: Wikipedia, Unacademy, Mrunal, Iken Edu and Exam race

PYQs, Maps, Answer writing, focussing on maps and location.

Optional: GS Manuals (Unique/Spectrum etc.), Majid Hussain, Vajiram Yellow

Indian and World Geography

Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World

General issues on:

MAINS EXAMINATION: Paper II of GS

Salient features of world's physical geography

Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic

Geographical features and their location

MAINS EXAMINATION: Paper IV of GS

Major crops, cropping patterns in various parts of the country

Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems

Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation

Environmental Impact Assessment

GC Leong- PART 1: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

GC Leong- PART 1: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

GC Leong- PART 2: WEATHER, CLIMATE AND

Climate (Distribution, Climate, Natural Vegetation, Economic development)

The Hot Wet Equatorial Climate

The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates

The Savanna or Sudan Climate

The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates

The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate

The Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate

The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China Type) Climate

The Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate

The Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate

The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian) Climate

The Arctic or Polar Climate

How to prepare Geography for Civil Services

Make Geography interesting!

Subscribe to channels like Unacademy, Iken Edu and Exam race.

Make flowcharts and maps for ready reference.

Link Geographical concepts with latest happenings.

Broad topics to be covered

Relief features and their formation

Weathering, Erosion, Transportation etc

Plate tectonic theories, plate boundary interactions

Lithosphere, landform, endogenic, exogenic processes and movements,

Forest and wild life resources and their conservation

Soil types and their distributions: Profile, chemistry, texture, types

Weather and Climate

Global heat imbalance- wind, convection, structure of atmosphere,

Currents, Waves and Tides

Bio-diversity and Sustainable development

Population and related concepts

Types and patterns of rural settlements