Name of Disease/

Other Name

Causative Agent

Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Aka: Pthisis,
Consumption, Kochs

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis

Meningitis

Incubation Period/
Period of
Communicability/
Mode of
Transmission
2-10weeks
MOT: Airborne

Sign and symptoms/

Pathognomonic Signs

Neisseria meningitidis

2-10 days
MOT: Droplet

Diptheria

Corynebacterium
Diptheriae
(Klebs loffer Bacillus)

2-5 days
Variable, ave. 2-4
weeks
MOT: Droplet

Diagnostic exam

Afternoon rise in
temperature
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
Cough dry to productive
Hemoptysis
Sputum AFB (+)

Water House
Friedrichsen
Sudden onset of fever
Petechiae, Purpuric
Rashes
Meningeal Irritation
Stiff Neck
Opisthotonus
Kernigs Sign
Brudzinski sign
S/sx of Increase ICP

Pseudomembrane
Serous to serosanginous
purulent
Dryness/ excoriation on
the upper lip and nares
Bull neck ( cervical
adenitis)
Difficulty swallowing
Sore throat
Barking, Dry metallic
cough

Tuberculin Test
Chest X-ray
Sputum AFB

Nursing Intervention/
Management

Prevention: BCG, Avoid

overcrowding
TX: 6 months of RIPE/ HRZE
Stop smoking
Plenty of Rest
Take medication religiously
Nutritious and balance meals
Increase intake of CHON, Vit. A
and C

Lumbar Tap

Administer Prophylactic
antibiotics: Rifampicin
Medication: Penicillin G
Mannitol
Dexamethasone
MGT:
Maintain Seizure Precaution
Respiratory Precaution
Suction Secretions
Handwashing

Nose and
throat swab
Virulence test
Shicks test
Moloneys Test

Meds: Penicillin, Erythromycin

MGT:
O2/ Tracheostomy
Complete bed rest
Increase fluid intake, adequate
nutrition
Ice collar

Pertussis
Aka: Whooping Cough

Bordetella Pertussis/
Haemiphilus Pertussis

7-14 days
7 days post exposure
to 3 weeks post
disease onset
MOT: Droplet

Rapid cough 5-10x in

one inspiration ending
with a high pitched
whoop

Measles
Aka: Rubeola, 7 day
measles

Morbilli Paramyxoviridae
virus

10-12 days
3 days before and 5
days after the
appearance of
rashes. Most
communicable during
the height of rash
MOT: Airborne

Nose and throat swab

Kopliks spot
Coryza, cough,
conjunctivitis,
photophobia
Maculopapular rashes
Rash is fully developed
by 2nd day
High grade fever (on and
off)
Anorexia, sore throat
Desquamation of the
skin

Isolation ,Bed rest

Room darkened
Encourage fluid

FORSCHEIMERS
SPOTS
Low grade fever
Headache
Malaise
Colds
Lymph node
involvement on 3rd to 5th
day
Rash on face

Mild fever

Strict isolation until all

German Measles
Aka: Rubella, 3 days
measles

Chicken Pox

From exposure to
rash 14- 21 days
One week before ad
4 days after onset of
rashes. Worst when
rash is at its peak
MOT: Droplet

Herpes Zoster Virus

10-21 days

CBC
Nasopharyngea
l swab

Prevention:
DPT
MGT:
Parenteral fluids
ERYTHROMYCIN- drug of
choice
Prone position during attack
Abdominal binder
Adequate ventilation, avoid dust
smoke
Isolation
Gentle aspiration of secretions

Isoprenosine
Antibiotics (if with
complication)
Supportive- O2, IVF
Isolation
Plenty of fluids
Avoid direct glare of the
sun

Aka: Varicella

MUMPS
Aka :Epidemic/
Infectious Parotitis

Typhoid Fever

Filterable virus of
paromyxovirus group

Salmonella typosa and

typhi

1 day before eruption

up to 5 days after the
appearance of the
last crop
MOT: Airborne

Malaise
Lesions

14-25 days
6 days before and 9
days post onset of
parotid gland
swelling
MOT: direct, Droplet

Sudden headache, ear

ache, Loss of appetite
Swelling of the parotid
gland
Fever
Pain

Viral culture
WBC count

PREVENTION:
MMR vaccine
Anti-viral drugs
NSAIDS (acetaminophen)
Application of warm/cold
compress

1-2 weeks
As long as the
patient is excreting
microorganisms
MOT: fecal-oral route

LADDER LIKE FEVER

Rose spots
Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea

CBC (elevated
WBC)
Blood culture
Stool culture
Widal test

Treatment:
CHLORAMPHENICOL
Bedrest
Hygiene
WOF intestinal bleeding
Enteric precaution

vesicles scabs disappear

Hygiene of patient
Cut finger nails short
TX
Acyclovir
Zovirax
Oral antihistamine
Calamine Lotion

Cholera

Vibrio Cholerae

2-3 days
Entire illness, 7-14
days
MOT: fecal-oral

RICE Watery Stool

Watery diarrhea
s/sx of dehydration
Nausea/ Vomiting

Rectal Swab
Stool exam

Medical asepsis
Enteric precaution
VS monitoring
I and O
Good personal hygiene
Environmental Sanitation
Proper Excreta disposal

Dysentery
Aka: Shigella group

Shigella Frisneri
Shigella boydii

7 hrs - 7 days
During acute
infection until the
feces are (-)
MOT: Fecal Oral route

Diarrhea (Bloody
mucoid)
Anorexia
Tenesmus
Weight loss

Fecalysis
Rectal
swab/culture
Blood culture

ANTI DIARRHEAL ARE

CONTRAINDICATION
Maintain fluid and
electrolyte
Enteric precaution

7-14 days
7-16 days before and
few days after onset

Meningeal Irritation:
Kernig sign, (+)

Salk and Sabin Vaccine

NO Morphine

Poliomyelitis
Aka: Acute anterior
poliomyelitis, heinmedin

Legio debilitans

Throat swab,
stool exam,

disease, infantile
paralysis

MOT: fecal-oral

Brudzinski
Tripod position,
Hoynes sign
Flaccid paralysis
Febrile episodes
Hypertension
Pulmonary edema

Prodromal preicteric
S/sx of URTI
Weight Loss
Anorexia
RUQ pain
Malaise
Icteric
Jaundice
Acholic stool

Hepatitis A
Aka: infectious
hepatitis

2-6 weeks
MOT: oral- fecal/
enteric transmission

Lumbar
puncture

Airway: tracheostomy
Fluids
Bedrest
Enteric and strict
precaution

HaV Ag, Ab,

Sgot, Sgpt

Provide rest period

Increase CHO, low CHON
and mod FAT
Intake of vitamins and
minerals
Proper food preparation

Amoebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica

3-4 weeks
Duration of illness
MOT: Fecal Oral

Intermittent fever
Nausea vomiting
Later anorexia
Weight loss
Diarrhea (BLOOD
STREAKED MUCUS )

Stool exam

Metronidazole
Enteric Precaution
Cover left over
Observe good food
preparation

Ascariasis

Ascaris Lumbrecoides

4-8 weeks
As long as nature
fertilized female
worms live in
intestine
MOT: Fecal oral

Stomach ache
Vomiting
Passing out of worms

Microscopic,
Identification of
eggs in stool
CBC
History of
passing out of
worms

Mebendazole,
Tetramizole
Fluid and electrolyte
therapy
Hand washing
Improve personal
hygiene
Proper nutrition

CSF
CBC`

Tetanus
Aka: Lock Jaw

Clostridium tetani

3d-3weeks
MOT: direct or
indirect contact to
wound

Lockjaw or trismus
Stiffneck of the neck
Difficulty in swallowing
Rigidity of abdominal
muscles
Elevated temperature

Clean wouns
Oxygen
NGT feeding
Adequate fluid and
electrolyte
Tracheostomy

sweating

Provide cardiac
monitoring
Administer antibiotics.
Penicillin
May administer
diazepam during spasm
WOF urinary retention

Hx of exposure
Sellers MayGrunwald
Mann strains
Flourescent
Rabies
Antibody
technique

NO treatment
Rabies vaccine
Active Immunization
Passive Immunization
Isolation of patient

Malarial smear
Rapid
diagnostic test
(RDT)

Anti- MAlarialdrugsChloroquine
Isolation of patient
Use of mosquito nets
Eradicate mosquitos
BUN and Creatinine
Monitoring of serum
bilirubin

Tourniquet test
platelet count
hematocrit

Rabies
Aka: hydrophobia, Lyssa

Malaria

Dengue Fever
Aka: West nile fever

4-8 weeks, 10d-1

year
3-5 days before the
onset of S/ sx until
the entire course of
disease
MOT: contamination
of a bite infected by
rabid Dog

Hydrophobia
Fever
Anorexia
Malaise
Sorethroat
Salivation
Lacrimation
Irritability
Restlessness
Drowsiness
Mental depression
Marked insomnia

Protozoa of genus
Plasmodium
Plasmodium
falciparum
P. Malariae
P. Vivax
P. Ovale

12days- P.falciparum
14 days- P. Vivax &
ovale
30 days P. malariae
If not
treated/inadequatemore than 3 years-P.
malariae
1-2 years- P.vivax,
1 year- P. Falciparum
MOT: mosquito bite
Vector: female
Anopheles mosquito

Rapidly rising fever

with severe headache
Shaking chills
Diaphoresis, muscular
pain
Splenomegaly,
hepatomegaly
Hypotension
Blackwater Fever

Arbovirus group B

3-14 days
Mosquito all
throughout life
Bite of infected

Malaise and anorexia

Fever, chills and muscle
pain
Hermans sign

Negri bodies

increase oral fluid intake

Blood transfusion if
necessary
May give analgesic not

Leptospirosis
Aka: mud fever, weils
disease, Swincherds
disease

Leptospira interrogans

Schistosomiasis
AKA: Bilharziasis, Snail
Fever

Schistosoma japonicum,
S. MAnsoni, S.
Hematobium

mosquito- Aedes
aegypti
6-15 days
Found in urine
between 10-20 days
MOT: contact with
skin of infected urine
or feces of wild/
domestic animal
2-6 weeks
MOT: bathing,
Swimming, Wading in
water
Vector: Oncomelania
quadrasi

aspirin

Fever
Tachycardia
Skin flushed
Jaundice
Hemoptysis
Headache

Blood CS

IV antibiotic (Penicillin)
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Cleaning of the
environment

Simmers Itch
Itchiness
Redness and pustule
formation at site of entr
hepatosplenomegalyy
of cercariae
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

Fecalysis
Liver and rectal
biopsy

Praziquantel
Administer prescribed
drug as ordered
Proper sanitation or
disposal of feces

Photophobia
Foot drop
Hypopigmented
Loss of eyebrows/ eye
lashes
Later lesions enlarge
and form plaques on
nodules on earlobes,
nose, eyebrows and fore
head

Tissue Biopsy
Lepromin skin
test
MItsuda
reaction

Multiple drug therapy

Sulfone
Occupational health
Isolation
Household contactDiaminodiphenysulfone
for 2 years

Cough for a month

General pruritus
Generalized
lymphadenopathy
Loss of weight
Chronic diarrhea

ELISA
Western Blot
CD4 count
Viral Loading
testing

Compliance to drugs
Counseling
Take ARV drugs
Increase vitamins intake

Urethritis
Dysuria and purulent
discharge

Culture and
sensitivity
Blood test for

Antibiotic: peniciliin
Ceftriazone IM
Health teaching on

Leprosy

Mycobacterium leprae

2 mos- 8 years
MOT: Droplet,
inoculation thru
break in skin and
mucous membrane

HIV/AIDS

HIV

2weeks- 6 months
MOT- sexual contact

Gonorrhea
Aka: clap, drip

Neisseria gonorrhea

3-10 days initial

manifestation
Considered infectious

Syphilis
Aka: lues, the pox,
badblood

Hepatitis B

Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome

Treponema pallidum

Hepatitis B virus

SARS corona virus

from the time of

exposure until
treatment is
successful

Cervicitis
PID
Infertility

MOT: through sexual

contact/ intercourse

Chancre
Syphilis Rash
Painless skin ulceration
Fever
Sore throat
Condylomata lata

Jaundice
Pruritus
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea and Vomiting
Joint Pain

Flu like fever

Myalgia
Lethargy
Gastrointestinal
symptoms
Shortness of breath
Fever above 38c

MOT: Blood and body

secretions

2-3 days
MOT: Droplet

N. gonorrheae
antibodies

Culture and
sensitivity

HBSaG

Chest xray
WBC and plt ct
ELISA
Polymerase
chain region

importance of
monogamous sezual
relationship
Instruct possible
complication like
infertility
Health teaching and
guidance along
preventive measures
Reinforce follow up
treatment

Blood and Body

Secretions
Prevention- Hepa B
vaccine
Proper rest period
Proper nutrition
Health Education
Supportive with
antipyretics
Antiviral drugs
Isolation
Supplementary
oxygenation