Name ____________________________________________________Date____________________Hr_____

HOMEWORK PACKET WATER, GLACIERS, DESERT

PACKET QUESTIONS - 1
Water on Our World
1. Describe the hydrologic cycle.
2. Distinguish between porosity and permeability.
3. What soil, or soil type, can have high porosity but low permeability?
4. A kitchen table is usually flat, but the water table is generally not flat. Why?
5. Compare and contrast the zone of aeration with the zone of saturation.
6. What type of soils allow for the greatest infiltration of rainfall?

7. How does an aquitard differ from an aquifer?

8. What factors affect the rate of groundwater movement?
9. What is meant by stream gradient, and how does it affect stream velocity?
10.
What happens when (a) the discharge of a stream increases, and (b) the speed
of a stream increases?
11.

How does the shape of a stream channel affect flow?

12.
What is the significance of the Continental Divide in North America with respect
to water flow to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
13.

What conditions are necessary for a glacier to form?

14.

What distinguishes a huge block of ice from a glacier?

15.

What two main ways do glaciers flow?

16.

Why do crevasses form on the surface of glaciers?

17.

Under what conditions does a glacier front advance?

18.

Under what conditions does a glacier front retreat?

19.

Why do waves become taller as they approach shore?

20.

What is wave refraction? Why does it happen in ocean waves?

21.

List three ways our water supply is being contaminated.

SURFACE WATER:
In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes each
statement.
1. Water runoff forms small ___________________.
a. water cycles b. drainage c. streams d. overflows
2. The land area from which a stream gets its water is its ___________________.
a. overflow b. drainage basin
c. runoff
d. river system
3. The largest drainage basin in the United States is that of the ___________________.
a. Missouri River
c. Appalachian Mountains
b. Rocky Mountains
d. Mississippi River
4. Most of the rain that falls between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains
flows into the ___________________.
a. Missouri and Ohio rivers
c. Rocky Mountains
b. Appalachian Mountains
d. Pacific Ocean
5. A stream that flows swiftly through a steep valley is a___________________ stream.
a. mature
b. shallow
c. old
d. young
6. The broad, flat valley floor cut by a stream is a ___________________.
a. floodplain
b. meander
c. drainage system
mature river

d.

7. A curve in the river formed by erosion is called a ___________________.

a. floodplain
b. meander
c. drainage system
mature river

d.

The diagrams show young, mature, or old rivers. Label each diagram correctly.

Chapter 8

Groundwater
In the blank at the left, write a term from the list to match each definition.

________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
water
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
limestone

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Water that collects underground

Word describing soil or rock through which water can pass
Word describing soil or rock through which water cannot pass
Layer of rock that transmits water freely
Area where all pores in the rock are filled with water
Upper surface of the area where all the pores in the rock are filled with

7. Type of well in which water under pressure rises to the surface

8. Area where the water table meets Earths surface and flows out
9. Area where heated groundwater comes to the surface
10. Hot spring that erupts periodically
11. Weak acid that forms when water mixes with carbon dioxide
12. Underground opening formed when acid groundwater dissolves

Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

Groundwater continues to affect the________________ rock that forms a cave. It drips slowly
from cracks in the cave walls and ceilings. Sometimes this water________________ while
dripping from the roof of a cave. It leaves deposits of________________. These deposits grow
down from the caves ceiling and form________________. If the water drips to the cave floor
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and then evaporates, it leaves deposits that grow up from the floor. These are
called________________.

FILL IN THE BLANK GLACIERS

Word Bank:
salt
Glaciers
water
Icebergs
Poles
snow
summers
river

mountains
greater
Mars
land

Calving
Australia
slowly
shrinks

float
years
water
third

A glacier is a large, long-lasting mass of ice and snow that

moves very _____________ over land, like a slow-moving
frozen _____________. A glacier forms when layers of snow are
compacted. As new snow falls, older layers are compressed
into dense ice. A glacier grows in mass when winter snowfall
is _____________ than summer snowmelt; it _____________ in
mass when snowfall is less than snowmelt.
_____________ are located in cold areas that get _____________
in the winter and have relatively cool _____________ (limiting
the melting of the snow). Most glaciers are located near the
North and South ___________ or are high in the _____________.
There are glaciers on every continent on Earth except
_____________. Glaciers are also found on the planet
___________.
Glaciers are made of frozen fresh water (not _____________
water); they store most of the fresh _____________ on Earth.
Glaciers hold about 75% of the fresh water on earth and
cover about 10% of the land. During the last Ice Age (which
ended about 10,000 ___________ ago), glaciers covered
almost one ___________ of the _____________.
_____________ is the process in which large ice chunks break
off a glacier. _____________ are huge chunks of floating freshwater ice that break off a glacier or ice shelf and
_____________ out to sea. Most of an iceberg is hidden
beneath the _____________.
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CONCEPT MAP - GLACIERS

Think of and write eight words related to glaciers. Then, for each word, write a sentence
containing the word. Sample answers: snow, ice, crevasse, till, glaciologist, glaciology,
calving, iceberg.

1. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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7. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

PACKET QUESTIONS - 2
Our Natural Landscape:
1. How are sand dunes formed?
2. How are ripple marks formed?
3. What are the consequences of overpumping groundwater?
4. How does rainwater become acidic? How does this affect groundwater?
5. What is karst topography? Where on Earth is it found?
6. How does a stalactite form? How does a stalagmite form?
7. What is the greater transporter of sediment, a laminar flow or a turbulent flow? Why?
8. Name three ways the movement of water erodes the stream channel. Which one
creates potholes?
9. What factors are responsible for the formation of a stream valley?
10.

Under what conditions do curvy, meandering rivers form along a floodplain?

11.
What type of streams and stream valleys do we generally find in high
mountainous regions?
12.

What is a delta?

13.
Deserts are generally dry areas. Why is water still a major factor of erosion in
the desert environment?
14.

What are striations? What is their significance?

15.
What erosional features might you find in an area of alpine glaciation? See
Figure 35.19.
16.

What are the two types of glacial deposits? Discuss their depositional features.

17.

Describe how a sea stack forms.

18.
What types of land features are associated with transport of sand from a
longshore current?

1
3

6
7

10

11

12

13
14

15

16

17

19

18

20

ACROSS
3 A large mass of ice formed by the compaction
and recrystallization of snow, moving downslope
under its own weight.
5 Steep side on the outside bend of a river
channel. An area of erosion.
7 The amount of snow added to a glacier in a year.
1 When groundwater is severely removed from an
0 area, the land surface is lowered.
1 The boundary between the land and deep ocean
2 basins, consisting of continental shelf,
continental slope, and continental rise.
1 The volume of open space in a rock or sediment
5 relative to the total volume of solids plus open
space.
1 Water flowing smoothly in a straight line with no
6 mixing of sediment.
1 A large cave.
7
1 The upper boundary of the zone of saturation,
8 the area where every pore space is filled with
water.
1 The ability of a material to transmit fluid.
9
2 Generic term for all glacial deposits.
0

DOWN
1 Sandy, gentle bank on the inside bend of a river
channel. An area of deposition.
2 Landform created when air flow is blocked by an
obstacle, slowing air speed and therefore
depositing sand.
4 A solution formed by water that has percolated
through soil containing water-soluble substances.
6 Water flowing erratically in a jumbled manner,
stirring up everything it touches.
8 The natural circulation of water from ocean to
atmosphere to ground back to ocean.
9 The amount of snow mass a glacier loses in a
year.
1 A flat-topped accumulation of sediments
1 deposited where a stream flows into a standing
body of water.
1 Subsurface water in the zone of saturation.
3
1 A funnel-shaped hole, caused by the dissolution
4 of groundwater into the subsurface, that is open
to the sky.

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