Friday 26, February 2016

Education Home

Home

Like

About Us

Careers

Feedback

Jobs

Contact Us

Scholarships

Search...

Model Papers

Text Books

132K

Study Material
Our Environment Our concern

Telugu

9. Our Environment Our concern

Synopsis :

Hindi

1. The world of living things is termed as Biosphere.

2. Within the biosphere, there are a number of major

English

ecosystems.
3. The terrestrial ecosystems are being determined largely

Physics

by the variations in climatic conditions between the

Poles and Equator.

Maths

4. The main climatic influences which determine these

ecosystems are rainfall, temperature and the availability

Chemistry

of light from the sun.

5. Food chain shows - how energy passed from one
organism to another.

Biology

6. The arrows between each item in the food chain always

point from the food to feeder.

Social

7. Pyramid of the numbers, pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy are other ways to show food
relationship and flow of energy among other living things.
8. A pyramid is a structure whose shape is roughly that of a pyramid in a geometric sense.
9. The concept of ecological pyramid was first introduced by a British Ecologist Charles Elton in 1927.
10. Pyramid of number shows the population of organisms at each tropic level in a food chain.
11. Biomass is organic material of biological origin.
12. Pyramid of biomass represents the available food as a source of energy at each tropic level in the food
chain.
13. It is found that 10-20% of the biomass is transferred from one tropic level to the next in a food chain.
14. Biomass can also be used as a fuel.
15. Pyramid of energy represents the available energy at each tropic level in the food chain.
16. The ratio between energy flows at different tropic levels along the food chain expressed as percentage is

Buzz Around

called Ecological Efficiency

17. Slobodkin (1959) suggested that transfer of energy from one tropic level to the next is of the order of 10%
and this is called Gross Ecological Efficiency.
18. Ten percent law was initially observed by Lindeman (1942).
19. Steele proved that the gross ecological efficiency is about 20% to 30% in 1974.
20. Toxic material used to prevent the pest, fungus and other disease away from the food crop and grains do
harm the ecosystem in many ways.

Hottest NRI
How to make your
investment
home mosquito
opportunities in free
India
SmartOwner
Lybrate

21. Bioaccumulation is the entering of the pollutants in the food chain.

22. The tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one tropic level to the next is known as
Biomagnification.
23. There are several alternatives of pesticides through which we can get more crops with less harm like
rotation of crops, biological control, development of genetic resistant strains, etc.

15 Celebs Gone
Good
DayStyles

A New MMORPG
You Won't Get
Bored With. Click
Here To- Try!
Stormfall
Online Game

Four Marks Questions

1. Write a short note on pyramid of number for any food chain. What can we conclude from this pyramid of
numbers?

i) Tree ii) Insect iii) Woodpecker

Ans: a)
1. the number of organisms in a food chain can be represented graphically in a pyramid is called pyramid
of numbers.
2. Each bar represents the number of individuals at each tropic level in the food chain.
3. At each link in a food chain, from the first order consumers to large carnivores, there is normally an
increase in size but decrease in number.
4. For example in a forest, the aphids are very small in size and occur in astronomical numbers, the lady
birds which feed on them are distinctly larger and not so are numerous.
5. The insectivorous birds like hawks which feed on the lady birds and are only presents in small numbers.
b)
1. Sometimes, the pyramid of numbers does not look like a pyramid at all just like pyramid asked in the
question.
2. This could happen if the producer is a large plant such as tree (or) if one of the organisms at any trophic
level is very small.
3. Whatever may be the case, the producers still goes at the bottom of the pyramid.

2. What is biomass? Draw a pyramid of biomass for the given food chain.
i) Grass leaves ii) Herbivores iii) Predators iv) Hawk
PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
Ans:
1. Any type of plant or animal material that can be converted
into energy is called biomass.
2. The pyramid of biomass represents the relationships that
exist between the quantities of living matter at different
trophic levels.
3. In terrestrial ecosystems, the biomass progressively
decreases from producers to top carnivores.

3. How is using toxic material affecting the ecosystem? Write a short note on bioaccumulation and
biomagnifications.
Ans:
1. Indiscriminate use of pesticides lead to the destruction of many other species along with pets in the
ecosystem.
2. Some of these may be predators which naturally feed on these pests, some other may be the food of
other animals.
3. These may lead to unpredictable changes in food chains and upsetting the balance within the
ecosystem.
4. Some of the pesticides which contain mercury, arsenic or lead are non-biodegradable. These are
potentially dangerous as they accumulate in the bodies of animals and pass right through the food
web.
5. Being further concentrated at each step until animals at top of pyramid may receive enough to do

Related Topics

5. Being further concentrated at each step until animals at top of pyramid may receive enough to do
considerable harm.
Bio-accumulation: The process of entering of pollutants in a food chain is called bio-accumulation.
1. When pesticides are sprayed, they mix up with soil and water. These are absorbed by the plants along
with water and minerals.
2. When herbivores consume this plant food, then these pests go into their bodies through the food chain.
3. When the carnivores consume these herbivores, then the pesticides get transferred to their bodies.
4. Pesticides enter the food chain at the producer level.

Bio-magnification: The tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one tropic level to the next
is known as bio-magnification.
1. Pesticides get accumulated at each tropic level, as they are non-biodegradable substances.
2. Since human beings occupy the top level in any food chain, so the maximum amount of toxic pesticides
get accumulated into the bodies.
3. Medical tests have proved that the most commonly used pesticides like. D.D.T is accumulating in our
bodies through food chains leading to health hazards.

4. Observe a plant in your kitchen garden, and write a note on producer consumer relationship.
Ans:
1. In our garden, I selected lxora plant to study the producer-consumer relationship.
1. The plant synthesizes its own food through photosynthesis
2. Small aphids, ants and other orthropods which dwell on this plant get shelter and food from this.
3. If also observed some earthworms making burrows at its base making aeration of the soil. The excreta
of earthworms enrich the soil with organic matter. In return, these get their food from fallen leaves of
the plant.
4. Birds like sparrows and lady bird feed on these aphids and earthworms at secondary consumer level.
5. Crows and Hawks often trouble these carnivorous birds. These may be considered as tertiary
consumers.
6. All these are maintaining their lives in a stable ecosystem.

5. What type of information do you require to explain pyramid of biomass?

PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
Ans:
1. A more accurate idea of food relationship must be necessary
to explain the pyramid of biomass.
2. The mass of plant matter which is consumed by the
herbivores is also necessary.
3. In the similar way, the mass that is produced by the primary
consumes by consuming plant matter, the total mass of the
secondary consumes that could be supported by the primary
consumers and so on through the chain. This information is
also necessary to explain pyramid of biomass.

also necessary to explain pyramid of biomass.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. What happens to the amount of energy transferred from one step to the next in a food chain?
Ans:
1. There is a continuous transfer of energy from one tropic level to next trophic level in an ecosystem.
2. There is loss of energy at each energy transfer in various tropic levels of organisms, which goes into the
environment and remains unutilized.
3. As we move from first tropic level of producers to second trophic level of primary consumers and third
level of carnivores, the amount of energy available gradually decreases.

2. What do pyramids and food chain indicate in an ecosystem?

Ans:
1. Food chains in an ecosystem indicate food relationships among living organisms.
2. The arrows between each item in the chain always point from the food to the feeder.
3. Food chain indicates the flow of energy from one organism to another.
4. Pyramids are another type of graphical representations which show flow of energy from one organism
to another.
5. In the ecological pyramid, the producers are represented at the base (I tropic level) and the other
successive tropic levels (primary, secondary and top consumers) are represented one above the other
with top carnivores at the tip.

3. Should we use pesticides as they prevent our crop and food from pests or should we think alternatives?
Write your view about this issue and give sound reason for your answer.
Ans.
1. The time has come to think about the ways through which we can prevent ourselves and other living
from the harmful effects of the use of toxic pesticides.
2. The answer to this problem is to find other effective methods of controlling pets which have less
harmful effects and are based on the sound biological principles.
3. The alternatives of pesticides through which we can get more crops with less harm like rotation of
crops, biological control of pets, vermicompost, using bio-fertilizers and development of genetic
resistant strains.

4. What is a tropic level? What does it represent in an ecological Pyramid?

Ans.
1. In a food chain, at which the transfer of food (or) energy takes place is called a tropic level.
2. The green plants are producers and constitute the first tropic level in the ecological pyramid.
3. Primary consumers (or) Herbivores which feed upon plants constitute the second tropic level.
4. Carnivores which feed upon carnivores constitute the third tropic level
5. Top carnivores (or) Tertiary consumers which feed upon small carnivores constitute the fourth tropic
level.
5. If you want to know more about flow of energy in an ecosystem, what questions do you ask?
Ans:
1. What is ecological efficiency?
2. What is the difference between Gross ecological efficiency and Net ecological efficiency?
3. Why the flow of energy in a food chain happens is unidirectional?
4. What is the significance of 10% Law?
5. How does a food chain represent the flow of energy?

6. What will happen if we remove predators from food web?

Ans:
1. If we remove predators from a food web, then there will be no predator control over the population of
herbivores.

herbivores.
2. Due to this, the population of the herbivores will increase dramatically.
3. Increase in herbivores population lead to excessive grazing of grass. The density of producers will be
very much reduced.
4. Over grazing may even eliminate the grass and other plants and the grassland is turned into desert.

7. Draw a pyramid of numbers; consider yourself as top level consumer.

8. Prepare slogans to promote awareness in your classmates about eco-friendly activities.

1. Save energy- Save Lives
2. No to bikes and cars Yes to Bicycle
3. Encourage Friendly Insects Discourage Toxic Pesticides
4. Bio-remediation Saves our Future Generations.

9. Suggest any three programmes for prevention of soil population in view of avoiding pesticides.
Ans.
1. We should encourage crop rotation in agricultural fields.
2. Mixed Crops and aakarshaka patralu are very useful in preventing pests in a natural way.
3. Bacillus Turingenesis, Trichoderma Bacterium can prevent the attack of pests to crops very effectively
in a natural way.
4. Development of genetically resistant strains which do not need chemical pesticides.
5. Usage of bio fertilizers and vermicompost should be encouraged.

One Mark Questions

1. What is Biosphere?
Ans. The world of living beings is called biosphere. [Or]
The life supporting zone on the earth is termed as biosphere.

2. What does as food chain show?

Ans. A food chain shows who eats what in a particular habitat.

3. What is food web?

Ans. Food web is the elaborate interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Many of the food
chains in an ecosystem are cross linked to form of web.

4. What is an ecological pyramid?

Ans. A graphical representation of the feeding level structure of an ecosystem by taking shape of a pyramid
is called Ecological Pyramid.

5. What is pyramid of numbers?

Ans. A graphic representation designed to show the number of organisms at each tropic level in a given
ecosystem is called pyramid of numbers.

ecosystem is called pyramid of numbers.

6. What is biomass?
Ans. Biomass is organic material of biological origin that has ultimately derived from the fixation carbon
dioxide and the trapping of solar energy during photosynthesis.

7. What is bio-fuel?
Ans. Biomass used for energy production is called bio-fuel.

8. What is pyramid of biomass?

Ans. A graphic representation designed to show the quantity of living matter at each tropic level in a given
ecosystem is called pyramid of Biomass.

9. What is ten percent law?

Ans. During the transfer of energy from one tropic level to the next only about 10% of energy from organic
matter is stored as flesh. This is called ten percent law.

10. What is Bioaccumulation?

Ans. The process of entering of pollutants in a food chain is known as Bioaccumulation.

11. What is biomagnifications?

Ans. The tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one tropic level to the next is known as
biomagnifications.
Published on 12/27/2014 6:01:00 PM

Tags:
10th Class Biology Study Material

Tenth Class Biology Study Material

Tenth Class Our environment Study Material

Our environment

Trending On Web

Meet the smart new way to make

property investments in India

Take a step nearer to getting

pregnant

SmartOwner

Lybrate

9 Wonderful French Words We

Should Be Using in English
Babbel

The Gmail Trick that Google

Doesn't Want You to Know

You've been Overpaying for

Flights... Until Now.

Sparta : The Strategy Game

Phenomenon of 2015

Boomerang for Gmail

Save70.com

Sparta Online Game

590 Comments

Sort by Oldest

Add a comment...

Inshah Neha
Very helpful for students like me.
Like Reply

11 Feb 20, 2015 1:01am

Vamshi Rider
endi ne katta
Like Reply

1 Feb 24, 2016 7:57am

Vamshi Rider
wt u sd i write
Like Reply Feb 24, 2016 7:58am

Rawee Balabhadra C . I. of Police at Police Department

this website is very useful to our children. I am very happy and also thanks to sakshi
education team.
Like Reply

3 Feb 21, 2015 9:50pm

Rawee Balabhadra C . I. of Police at Police Department

you have kept the reproduction study material in the place of respiration. please
change it and keep the respiration study material under that head, instead of
reproduction
Like Reply Feb 21, 2015 11:36pm

Sakshi Education
Its updated plz check
Like Reply

2 Feb 22, 2015 9:36pm

Kishore Kumar Assistant Professor at GITAM University Hyderabad

Campus
Sakshi Education sir/madam
How to download Biology study materials ???
Like Reply

2 Feb 4, 2016 8:54pm

Dinesh Reddy University of Sydney

Kishore Kumar ctrl+p and save option will appear click on save that's it
Like Reply Feb 21, 2016 5:38am

Sumanth Kandagatla

Sumanth Kandagatla
thnqq a lottt,,for saakshi educatinn we all are back of uu once again soo thnks
Like Reply

4 Feb 22, 2015 8:00am

Aishwarya Chweet
Is 20marks{internal} are still in process??or is it changed??
Like Reply Feb 23, 2015 7:18am

Sridhar Talari
were do u study
Like Reply Mar 23, 2015 10:35pm

Shruthi Upparpalli
ROFL
Like Reply Jan 12, 2016 10:33pm

S Iamprudhvi Bck
hidden
Like Reply Jan 24, 2016 7:14am
Show 1 more reply in this thread

Daljeet Doshi Dalhousie University

plzzzz make biology and social study material available in pdf so that we can
download it
Like Reply

16 Feb 23, 2015 7:57am

Jithendra Yenugula
itz my request too
Like Reply

7 Mar 20, 2015 7:13am

Sai Vardhan
Its mine tooo
Like Reply

2 Jul 13, 2015 8:54am

Sai Laxman
yes please
Like Reply

3 Jul 14, 2015 11:47pm

Show 2 more replies in this thread

Meghana Reddy
Plzzz change biology and social into pdf
Like Reply

3 Feb 23, 2015 6:16pm

Vinod Rongala Sri Chaitanya College

no way
Like Reply Dec 24, 2015 4:38am

Boya Govind Data Entry Clerk at MRC C Belagal

PLS PROVIDE TM
Like Reply Feb 23, 2015 8:23pm

Sahith Reddy Regatte

you can make study material with only key points in the topics for class 10 plz
Like Reply Feb 24, 2015 1:41am

Varigala Bhaskara Dr. Hima Sekhar Degree College

Please unsecure pdf file so that we can take print
Like Reply

1 Feb 26, 2015 4:50am

Dinesh Reddy University of Sydney

bro u just convert pdf to jpg online and download the pages u want it and
print them it harddly takes 5 minutes to do all these
Like Reply

1 Feb 21, 2016 5:40am

Siri Bodempudi Narayana olympiad school

press ctrl+p and change the destination to save as pdf and click save
Like Reply 14 hrs

Load 10 more comments

Facebook Comments Plugin

Competitive
Exams

BSNL
JAO

Engineering

Bank
Exams

Syndicate Bank

Current
Affairs

EAMCET

Civil Services

Intermediate

SSC
Exams

DIET CET2015

Online
Tests

Postal
Exams
BITSAT-2015

DSC
Special

Police
Constable
JEE(Advanced)

Panchayat
Secretary

RRC
Group'D'
ICET - 2015

GK

SBI Asso. Banks

Clerks
UIIC
NIACL

Forest Officers

Copyright 2015 sakshieducation.com., All Rights Reserved.

Designed & Developed by Sakshi Education Division.
Site is Best viewed in Internet Explorer 9 & above with 1024 768 Resolution

IBPS Specialist Officers

NICL
SCRA

Intelligence Bureau
SET

LAWCET - 2015

GATE

Budget

CSIR-UGC
NET