Mech.

Properties

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
1

ELASTICITY
It is the ability of a material to return to its original dimension when the
applied load is removed

PLASTICITY
It is the ability of a material to retain its deformed dimension even after
the removal of the applied load

DUCTILITY

It is the property of a material, which permits the material to be drawn

out longitudinally to a reduced section under the action of tensile force
4

BRITTLENESS
A material is said to be brittle, when it cannot be drawn out by tension to
smaller section

MALLIABILITY
It is the property of a material, which permits the material to be
extended in all directions with out rapture

TOUGHNESS
It is the property of a material, which enables it to absorb energy with
out fracture.( To resist fracture due to high impact loads.)

HARDNESS
It is the ability of a material to resist indentation or surface abrasion.

STRENGTH
It is the ability of a material to resist the externally applied forces with
out breaking or yielding

STIFFNESS
It is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress.

10 RESILIENCE
It is the ability of a material to absorb energy and to resist shock and
impact loads. OR It is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it
is loaded and to release the same energy when it is unloaded.
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Mech. Properties
11 CREEP
When a part is subjected to a constant stress at high temperature for a
longer period of time, it will under go a slow and permanent deformation
called creep
12 FATIGUE
It is the behavior of materials under repeated cycle of stress and strain,
which cause a deterioration of the material and results in a progressive
fracture.
Fatigue life : It is the total number of cycle required to bring about final
fracture in a specimen at a given stress.
Fatigue strength : It is the stress at which a material can with stand
repeatedly N number of cycles before failure.

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Expansions

EXPANSIONS
1

AISI

American Iron and Steel Institute

BIS

Bureau of Indian Standards

SAE

Society of Automotive Engineers

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

DEFINITIONS
1 SECANT MODULUS
It is nothing but the average stiffness between the origin and any given
stress
2 TANGENT MODULUS
Tangent modulus gives the stiffness associated with a small increase in
load at any given point during loading in elastic region
3 GRIFFITHS THEORY
A crack will propagate and result in fracture, when the decrease in
elastic strain energy is at least equal to the energy required to create
the new surface.
4 HOOK'S LAW
It states that when a material is loaded with in elastic limit, the stress is
directly proportional to strain
5 POISSIONS RATIO ()
The ratio of lateral strain to leaner strain is defined as poissions ratio
6 YOUNGS MODULUS (E)
It is defined as the ratio of stress and strain with in the elastic limit
7 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY (G)
It is defined as the ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain within
elastic limit
8 BULK MODULUS (K)
The ratio of identical pressure 'P' acting in three mutually perpendicular
directions to corresponding volumetric strain.
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Quality

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Total quality management is the integration of all functions and processes with in an organization in
order to achieve continuous improvement of quality of goods and services with a goal of customer
satisfaction

SIX BASIC CONCEPTS

1

A Committed and involved management to provide long term top to bottom organization support.

A rigid focus on the customer with in the organization and also external to it.

Effective involvement and proper utilization of entire work force.

Continuous improvement of the business and production process.

Treating customers as partners.

Establish performance measures for the process.

ELEMENTS OF TQM CONCEPTS

1

Sustained management commitment to quality.

Focusing on customer requirements and expansions.

Preventing defects rather than detecting them.

Recognizing that responsibility for quality lies with every one in the organization.

Quality measurement.

Continuous improvement approach.

Root cause corrective action.

employee involvement and empowerment.

The synergies of team work.

10

Continuous process improvement.

11

Statistical approach.

12

Bench marking.

13

Inventory reduction.

14

Value improvement.

15

Supplier teaming.
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Quality
16

Training and education.

GURUS OF TQM
1

Shewart. :

Developed control chart theory, control limits,Assignable and chance

cause of variations and rational sub groups.

Deming :

Best known quality expert in the world,Provided foundation for

Japanese quality miracle and resurgence as an economic power.

Juran

Emphasized the necessity for management at all levels to be

committed to the quality effort with hands on involvement.

Armond

According to him Quality control is necessary to achieve productivity,

market penetration and competitive advantage. Quality begins with
customer requirements and ends with a product or service in the hands
of a satisfied customer.

Ishikawa

Developed cause and effect diagrams and quality circle concept in Japan.

crosby

Author of Quality is free in 1975. According to him doing it right the

first time is less expensive than the cost of detecting and correcting
nonconformities. Author of Quality without tears.

Taguchi.

Developed Signal to voice ratio as a protective equivalent

BOTTILE NUCKS FOR IMPLIMENTATION OF TQM

1

Lack of management commitment.

Inability to change over to new culture.

Improper planning.

Lack of continuous training and education.

Incompatible organization structure and isolated individuals and departments.

Ineffective measurement techniques and lack of access to data and results.

Paying inadequate attention to internal and external customers.

In adequate use of empowerment and team work.

Failure to continually improve.

BENEFITS OF TQM
1

Better quality product

Improvement in productivity
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Quality
3

Reduced quality costs.

Increased market

Increased profitability

Effective team work

Enhancement of job interest.

Improvement in human relation and work area morale

Participation culture of employees

10

Customer satisfaction.

11

Enhanced problem solving capacity.

12

Better image of the organization.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITY LEADERS

1

Customer contact and care.

Treatment to subordinates

Emphasis on improvement

Emphasis on prevention

Collaboration and competition

Coaches rather than bosses

Learning from problems

Good communication skills

Commitment to quality

10

Vendor selection

11

Council organization system

12

Encourage recognize and appreciate

CUSTOMERS PERCEPTION ON QUALITY

1

Performance

Features
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Quality
3

Service

Warranty

Price

Brand.

PLAN-DO-STUDY-ACT (PDSA) CYCLE

Plan :

A problem is identified by studying the situation to detect the gap between the present
and future situations. The activities involved in this stage are defining the process,its
inputs, understanding customer requirements,identifying problems,testing theories of
causes and developing solutions.

Do :

This is an implementation stage of the plan formulated in the plan stage initially the
implementation will be in the trial basis with a limited customers, after verifying the
process it will be applied to mass production

Study :

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Quality

with in an organization in
with a goal of customer

m organization support.

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Quality

ncept in Japan.

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Quality

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Quality

e gap between the present

e defining the process,its
oblems,testing theories of

e plan stage initially the

mers, after verifying the

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Prjct mngmnt

Team Building

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