JOMAR F.

RABAJANTE
2002-96301

1.a. Given:
  
  








 
 


 

  
 

!    !  

!  !
Given "
 
 # !
$ !
$%

!  !
Solution:

&     '  ,
()*+
()
n Xn 70000
0 2
60000
1 5
2 13 50000
3 35 40000
4 97 30000
5 275
20000
6 793
7 2315 10000
8 6817 0
9 20195 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 60073

1.b. Given:
-  
  .




/

&&

 
0 


0 
$
  1
 

! 0   ! $ 
2
0!  !
Given 
2 
 # !
 !
$%

$!  !
Solution:

.      '  ,0
()*+
()
n Xn 9000000
1 9 8000000
2 33 7000000
3 129 6000000
4 513 5000000
5 2049 4000000
6 8193 3000000
7 32769 2000000
8 131073 1000000
9 524289 0
10 2097153 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
11 8388609
1.c. Given:
 



&



3 
$ 

$
"" 


! $   ! 4$ 5

!  !
Given 
 
 # !
0 !
$%

!  !
&  67  68 9:: %
Solution:

#
.     ' 
  67  68 ;<;
n Xn
6
1 3
2 5 5
3 3 4
4 5
3
5 3
6 5 2
7 3 1
8 5
0
9 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 5
11 3

1.d. Given:
- 
- 






&

$ 
 


$ 

  1
 

! $   ! 4 5

!  !
Given "
 
 # !
 !
$%

!  !
Solution:

      '  , 
()*+
()
n Xn 1200
0 6 1000
1 3
800
2 9
600
3 -3
4 21 400
5 -27 200
6 69 0
7 -123 -200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8 261
-400
9 -507
-600
10 1029
2.a. Given:
- 



3 
$ 

= >
$ ?

""  @
 

Solution:

A BCD E G  A DHI E G
F F



A


A
6

A
Sample Graphs

&
A
4 of Solutions

.
A
2


A
A1=A2=1


A
0 A1=-2, A2=2

J
A
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A1=5, A2=-3
-2

-4

-6

2.b. Given:
- 
- 




 
 

$= >
K ?

  @
 

Solution:

LK M NA BCD E G  A DHI E G O
F F
. .
10000
Sample Graphs
8000 of Solutions
6000

4000

2000 A1=A2=1
A1=-2, A2=3
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A1=4, A2=-6
-2000
A1=10, A2=5
-4000 A1=-7, A2=-3

-6000

-8000

-10000

-12000
3.a. Given:
- 



3 
$ 

$
"" 

Solution:

A    A 4 5
A  A 4 5
20
Sample Graphs
15 of Solutions
10 A1=A2=1
A1=-2, A2=3
5
A1=4, A2=-6
0
A1=10, A2=5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
-5 A1=-7, A2=-3
-10

-15

3.b. Given:
- 
- 




 
$ 

$
 


Solution:

A  A  , $
()*+
()
150

100

A1=A2=1
50
A1=-2, A2=3
0 A1=4, A2=-6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 A1=10, A2=5
-50
A1=-7, A2=-3

-100

-150

-
&
  P %
Given: #
P-

  P
3.c.
Characteristic polynomial:     $    
3

 
$ 

$
 



A   A  %
 
Solution: # STU , $
R)*+ ()*+
P
Q   Q  R) ()
Sample IVP solution:: Assume "
$ X"
$ . It follows that 
 X
.
$
!
$
W %
V !
$ W
$ !
0 W
0

!  !

W  W

 $  0T$ %
Solution is: #
X
$  0T$

Individual graphs of  and X :

100
80
60
40
20
X
0
Y
-20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

-40
-60
-80
-100

Graph of   X  in Cartesian plane:

100
80
-77, 75
-69, 67
-61, 59 60
-53, 51
-45,
45, 43 40
-37,
37, 35
-29, 27
-21, 19 20
-13, 11
-5, 1,
3 01
9, -7
-100 -50 -2017,025,
-15
-23
50 100
33, -31
-40 41, -39
49, -47
-60 57, -55
65, -63
73, -71
-80 81, -79
-100
 Another example, assume: "
0 X"
.
Individual graphs of  and X :
50
40
30
20
10
X
0
Y
-10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

-20
-30
-40

Graph of   X  in Cartesian plane:

-50

50
-44, 43
-40, 39 40
-36, 35
-32, 31 30
-28,
28, 27
-24,
24, 23
-20, 19 20
-16, 15
-12, 11 10
-8, 7
-4, 3
0
6, -5
-60 -40 -20 0 -9
-10 10, 20 40 60
14, -13
18, -17
-20 22, -21
26, -25
-30 30, -29
34, -33
38, -37
-40 42, -41
-50

3. Show that if 

,, then the general solution is !   ! T .

Given a difference equation 

Y    Y   (
),
assume basic solutions of the form 
!  and 
! T . We have already proven in
our class that !  is a basic solution, now we only need to show the case where 

! T .

If 
! T , then  
! T  $  and  
! T    .
If 
! T is a solution of (
), then   Y    Y   should be equal zero.
   Y    Y  
! T  Y ! T  $   Y ! T   

!   T  Y T  $  Y T  

!   T  TY   Y   TY  Y 

!   T  Y   Y   Y   Y 
Z=TY[   Y   Y
3
!   Y   Y 

Since   Y   Y
3 has equal roots, then the discriminant Y   0Y
3, and 

\+

.

Y
  Y   Y 
!  
Y  Y 
 

$

!  
 Y   0Y 


3

Hence, 
! T is a basic solution of (
).

We still need to show that !  ]^_ ! T are linearly independent so that the only
solution to 
3
!   ! T `a bcd^ !  !
3e We need to check this to avoid
trivial solutions.

!  ! T
Using Wronskian:
f  f
!  ! T g^  !    ! T (!  g^
!  g^h !  g^  ! 

 ! ! Tg^  $  Tg^

 ! !
If 
3 icd^ 
3, which is a trivial solution.
If !
3 icd^ 
! T , which is a basic solution.
If !
3 icd^ 
!  , which is also a basic solution.
So for  !  ! j 3,  ! ! j 3. Hence, !  ]^_ ! T are linearly independent.

Therefore, we can write  ]a g`^d]k lmno`^]i`m^ mp icd o]a`l amgqi`m^a !  ]^_ ! T e


!   ! T , which is actually the general solution for (
).