SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY

Moral Philosophy
Philo 107

Submitted by:
Eric Herschel I. Tan
ECEng - 5A

Submitted to:
Professor Rex Rola
December 14, 2015

Tan, Eric Herschel I.

Find relevant quotations.
1.) It is contrary to Gods commands to do X implies It is wrong to do X only if certain
conditions are assumed namely, only if it is assumed that God has the character which I
believe Him to have, of loving His human creatures. (II)
2.) I could say that by X is ethically wrong I mean X is contrary to the commands of a
loving God (II)
3.) whether it would be wrong for him to do a certain thing, he typically thinks of himself as
trying to determine whether it would be against Gods will for him to do it. (III)
4.) Ethical wrongdoing is seen and experienced as sin , as rupture of personal and
communal relationship with God. (III)
5.) The believers concept of ethical wrongness therefore breaks down if one tries to apply it
to the unthinkable case in which God commands cruelty for its own sake. (III)
6.) certain action is wrong normally expresses certain volitional and emotional attitudes
towards that action. (III)
7.) he has reasons for his adherence to a divine command ethics, and that his having these
reasons implies that there are some things which he values independently of his beliefs about
Gods commands.(III)
8.) It is therefore not correct to say of him that he is committed to doing the will of God just
because it is the will of God he is committed to doing it partly because of other things which
he values independently. (IV)
9.) The person who has such reasons wants certain things, certain happiness, certain
satisfactions for himself and others he hates cruelty and loves kindness he has perhaps a
certain unique and numinous awe of God. (IV)
10.) The motivation for a persons ethical orientation in life is normally much more complex
than that, and involves a plurality of emotional and volitional attitudes of different sorts which
are at least partly independent of each other. (IV)
11) integration of moral energies, depends on belief in certain propositions which are taken to
be contingent truths about God. (IV)
12) The believers devotion is not to merely possible commands of God as such, but to Gods
actual (and gracious) will. (IV)

Arrange according to themes

Ethical Wrongness which is Morality as an individual Integration

of
attitudes
dependent to the character of person that is independent to towards God's commands by
God
God's command
it's grace.
1.) It is contrary to Gods
commands to do X implies It
is wrong to do X only if
certain
conditions
are
assumed namely, only if it is
assumed that God has the
character which I believe Him
to have, of loving His human
creatures.

5.) The believers concept of

ethical wrongness therefore
breaks down if one tries to
apply it to the unthinkable
case in which God commands
cruelty for its own sake.

9.) The person who has such

reasons wants certain things,
certain happiness, certain
satisfactions for himself and
others he hates cruelty and
loves kindness he has
perhaps a certain unique and
numinous awe of God.

2.) I could say that by X is 6.) certain action is wrong

ethically wrong I mean X is normally expresses certain
contrary to the commands of volitional
and
emotional
a loving God
attitudes towards that action.

10.) The motivation for a

persons ethical orientation in
life is normally much more
complex than that, and
involves
a
plurality
of
emotional
and
volitional
attitudes of different sorts
which are at least partly
independent of each other.

3.) whether it would be

wrong for him to do a certain
thing, he typically thinks of
himself as trying to determine
whether it would be against
Gods will for him to do it.

7.) he has reasons for his

adherence
to
a
divine
command ethics, and that his
having these reasons implies
that there are some things
which
he
values
independently of his beliefs
about Gods commands.

11) integration of moral

energies, depends on belief in
certain propositions which are
taken to be contingent truths
about God.

4.) Ethical wrongdoing is

seen and experienced as sin,
as rupture of personal and
communal relationship with
God.

8.) It is therefore not correct

to say of him that he is
committed to doing the will of
God just because it is the will
of God he is committed to
doing it partly because of
other things which he values
independently.

12) The believers devotion is

not to
merely possible
commands of God as such,
but to Gods actual (and
gracious) will.

1st Revision
Sentences 1 & 2
The meaning of wrong in the context presuppose the word contrary to God's
command.
Sentences 3 & 4
Believing in God's commands to be the most absolute one, humans thinks that it is
wrong not to obey God's commands.
Sentences 5 & 6
I believe that humans plays a vital role in contributing their own sense of morality.
Sentences 7 & 8
Negative valuation to cruelty making humans to thinks twice in following God's
command.
Sentences 9 & 10
Not all valuation is ethical judgment of what is right and wrong for the precognitive
attitude like I want, I like, I hate is not considered as an ethical judgment.
Sentences 11 & 12
I believe that morality is the ability to appraise what is right and wrong in accordance to
God's command.

2nd Revision
(Introduction:)
According to Adams, What do we mean by being moral? Morality is [thesis
statement]. The definition of morality is vast depending of which is the basis for defining it. It
may be for the rational self interest, excellence for the society or just simply because God
commands it. Adam defines morality with the structure of unmodified divine command theory
and later adding his own ideologies regarding this matter. He arrived on the idea of what we
called modified divine command theory. I have categorized the concept of Adam's morality
into three parts. First, Ethical Wrongness which is dependent to the character of God. Then,
Morality as an individual person that is independent to God's command. Finally, Integration of
attitudes towards God's commands by it's grace.
(Discussing 1st part)
The first part is rooted in the character of God of what is the meaning of morality.
According to Adams, [insert 1 & 2]. [summary of points]. Focusing on prioritizing God's
commands above anything else. [insert 3 & 4]. [summary of points]. Thus, knowing the nature
of God as a loving God it is illogically for Him to command cruelty for it's own sake.
(Discussing 2nd part)
The idea of God to command cruelty is possible. Adam's includes the character of the
human which plays a vital role in contributing their own morality by their different value and
ethical orientation. [insert 5 & 6]. [explain their points]. Humans have different valuation
towards to God's command whether they have a greater positive valuation to kindness.
[support with 7 & 8]. Therefore, morality is affected to the valuation of an individual towards an
action.
(Discussing 3rd part)
God's grace gives us free will to act according to our decisions. This part discusses the
integration of our own judgment in relation to God's commands. [insert 9 & 10] [explain].
Relation the Divine Command Theory that God's command is the basis of right and wrong
doesn't wholly define what is right and wrong. It is the ability of the believer to appraise what
is right and wrong in accordance to God's command. [support 11 & 12]. Hence, it values
things, not just independent to God's command but more than to God's command.
(Conclusion)
Adam's morality is based on the integration to God's commands by it's grace. God is
loving by it's nature and it is illogically for God to command cruelty for its own sake. Since
value concept to a certain act have distinctions. Attitudes do not imply or presuppose a
judgment of ethical right and wrong. Modified command theory of morality is where the
conflicting motives of a person are fused together by faith in accordance to God's command.
Therefore, [thesis statement]

(Final Concept)
According to Adams, What do we mean by being moral? Morality is the conduct
of right behavior of an individual valuation of a person to a certain types of actions based on
God's command. Adams defines morality with the structure of unmodified divine command
theory and later adding his own ideologies regarding this matter. He arrived on the idea of
what we called modified divine command theory. I have categorized the concept of Adam's
morality into three parts. First, Ethical Wrongness which is dependent to the character of God.
Then, Morality as an individual person that is independent to God's command. Finally,
Integration of attitudes towards God's commands by it's grace.

The first part is rooted in the character of God of what is the meaning of morality.
According to Adams, It is contrary to Gods commands to do X implies It is wrong to do X
only if certain conditions are assumed namely, only if it is assumed that God has the
character which I believe Him to have, of loving His human creatures..The meaning of wrong
in the context presuppose the word contrary to God's command. I could say that by X is
ethically wrong I mean X is contrary to the commands of a loving God(Adams,1975).
Focusing on prioritizing God's commands above anything else. Whether it would be wrong
for him to do a certain thing, he typically thinks of himself as trying to determine whether it
would be against Gods will for him to do it.(Adams,1975). Believing in God's commands to
be the most absolute one, humans thinks that it is wrong not to obey God's commands.
Ethical wrongdoing is seen and experienced as sin, as rupture of personal and communal
relationship with God.(Adams,1975). Thus, knowing the nature of God as a loving God it is
illogically for Him to command cruelty for it's own sake.

The idea of God to command cruelty is possible. Adam's includes the character of the
human which plays a vital role in contributing their own morality by their different value and
ethical orientation. The believers concept of ethical wrongness therefore breaks down if one
tries to apply it to the unthinkable case in which God commands cruelty for its own
sake.(Adams,1975). I believe that humans plays a vital role in contributing their own sense of
morality. Certain action is wrong normally expresses certain volitional and emotional attitudes
towards that action.(Adams,1975). Humans have different valuation towards to God's
command whether they have a greater positive valuation to kindness. he has reasons for his
adherence to a divine command ethics, and that his having these reasons implies that there
are

some

things

which

he

values

independently

of

his

beliefs

about

Gods

commands.(Adams,1975). Negative valuation to cruelty making humans to thinks twice in

following God's command. It is therefore not correct to say of him that he is committed to
doing the will of God just because it is the will of God he is committed to doing it partly
because of other things which he values independently.(Adams,1975). Therefore, morality is
affected to the valuation of an individual towards an action.

God's grace gives us free will to act according to our decisions. This part discusses the
integration of our own judgment in relation to God's commands.The person who has such
reasons wants certain things, certain happiness, certain satisfactions for himself and others
he hates cruelty and loves kindness he has perhaps a certain unique and numinous awe of
God.(Adams,1975). Not all valuation is ethical judgment of what is right and wrong for the
precognitive attitude like I want, I like, I hate is not considered as an ethical judgment. The
motivation for a persons ethical orientation in life is normally much more complex than that,
and involves a plurality of emotional and volitional attitudes of different sorts which are at least
partly independent of each other.(Adams,1975). Relation the Divine Command Theory that

God's command is the basis of right and wrong doesn't wholly define what is right and wrong.
It is the ability of the believer to appraise what is right and wrong in accordance to God's
command. Integration of moral energies, depends on belief in certain propositions which are
taken to be contingent truths about God.(Adams,1975). Morality is the ability to appraise
what is right and wrong in accordance to God's command. The believers devotion is not to
merely possible commands of God as such, but to Gods actual (and gracious)
will.(Adams,1975). Hence, it values things, not just independent to God's command but more
than to God's command.

Adam's morality is based on the integration to God's commands by it's grace. God is
loving by it's nature and it is illogically for God to command cruelty for its own sake. Since
value concept to a certain act have distinctions. Attitudes do not imply or presuppose a
judgment of ethical right and wrong. Modified command theory of morality is where the
conflicting motives of a person are fused together by faith in accordance to God's command.
Therefore, Morality is the conduct of right behavior of an individual valuation of a person to a
certain types of actions based on God's command.