Muscles Origin Insertion Action Location/Unique

Adductors
(3 ducks pecking
grass)
Adductor Longus Anterior surface of pubis Middle 1/3, medial lip of linea Adduction and flexion of hip Most anterior of Adductor
aspera group
Adductor Brevis Inferior pubic ramus Proximal 1/3, medial lip of linea Adduction, flexion, lateral Slightly triangular in shape
aspera rotation of hip
Adductor Magnus 1. Adductor part: Inferior pubic 1. Anterior head: Gluteal Adduction, flexion, extension of 4th hamstring, 2 heads
ramus & ischial ramus; 2. tuberosity, linea aspera, medial hip
Hamstring part: Ischial supracondylar line; 2.
tuberosity Posterior head: Adductor tubercle
of femur

Pectineus Pectineal line of pubis Pectineal line of femur Adducts and flexes femur Flat, quadrangular shape
Gracilis Body & inferior ramus of pubis Pes Anserine Adduction & hip flexion Most medial thigh muscle

Quadratus Femoris
Tensor Fascia Latae ASIS; Anterior aspect of iliac
crest
Vastus Lateralis Lateral lip of linea aspera
Vastus Medialis Medial lip of linea aspera
Rectus Femoris 1. Anterior head: AIIS
2. Posterior head: Superior to
acetabular rim
Lateral condyle of tibia via ITB Flexion, Medial rotation, and Supports lateral side of knee
Abduction of Hip
Tibial tuberosity via patellar Knee extension Largest quad muscle
tendon
Tibial tuberosity via patellar Knee extension Last 15 degrees
tendon
Tibial tuberosity via patellar Hip flexion and knee extension Only quad muscle to act on 2
tendon joints

Sartorius ASIS Pes Anserine Flexion, Lateral rotation, and Longest muscle in the body
Abduction of Hip
***Not on PT*** Anterior lateral surface of Tibial tuberosity via patellar Knee extension Deep to rectus femoris
Vastus Intermedius femur tendon
Hamstring
Biceps Femoris 1. Long head: ischial tuberosity; Head of fibula Extension of hip; Flexion of knee 2 heads, long and short
2. Short
head: lateral lip of linea aspera

Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Media tibial condyle Extension of hip; Flexion and Largest hamstring muscle
medial rotation of knee
Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Pes Anserine Extension of hip; Flexion and Known as one of medial
medial rotation of knee hamstrings

Gluteal Muscles
Piriformis Anterior sacrum Greater trochanter Chief lateral rotation of hip & Sciatic Nerve
assists in abduction
Psoas TVPs L1-L5; Vetebral bodies of Lesser trochanter Flexion & Lateral rotation of hip; Not iliopsoas…Iliacus is
T12-L5 Flexion & Lateral flexion of separate
spinal joints

Iliacus Inner surface of iliac fossa & Lesser trochanter Flexion & Lateral rotation of hip; Iliacus & psoas major
sacral ala Anterior pelvic tilt combine to form iliopsoas-
primary hip flexor

Gluteus Maximus Posterior Iliac crest, sacrum, Gluteal tuberosity & ITB Extension and lateral rotation of 1/4 Gluteal tuberosity; 3/4 ITB
coccyx, & sacrotuberous hip; upper 1/3-abduction; lower
ligament 1/3: adduction

Gluteus Med Outer ilium (Between anterior Lateral surface of greater Abduction of hip; Anterior Trendelenburg sign
and posterior gluteal lines) trochanter fibres: flexion & medial rotation;
Posterior fibres: Extension &
lateral rotation

Gluteus Min Outer ilium (Between anterior Greater trochanter Abduction, Medial Rotation, and Deepest Glut muscle
and inferior gluteal lines) assists in flexion of hip

***End of PT Muscles***

*** Bony Landmarks for PT***

1. ASIS 2. Pes Anserine 3. Tibial Tuberosity 4. Pectineal line of femur and pubis 5. Linea aspera 6. PSIS 7. Fibular head
8. Lesser & greater trochanter 9. Ischial spine 10. Ischial tuberosity 11. Iliac crest 12. Medial & Lateral condyle of tibia & femur
13. Medial & Lateral epicondyle of Femur 14. Medial and Lateral Malleiolus 15. Adductor tubercle 16. Gluteal tuberosity
17. Lateral tubercle of tibia

***End of PT Review***

External Rotator-Hip
Gemelllus Superior & 1. Superior head: ischial spine Greater trochanter Lateral hip rotation 2 thin, transverse bands
Inferior 2. Inferior head: ischial
tuberosity

Oturator Externus Obturator foramen & Trochantric fossa of femur Lateral hip rotation
Obturator membrane
(external/anterior surface)

Obturator Internus Obturator foramen & Greater trochanter Lateral hip rotation
Obturator membrane
(internal/posterior surface)

Quadratus Femoris Lateral ischial tuberosity Intertrochantric crest of femur Lateral hip rotation

Muscles of Thorax
Rectus Abdominis Pubic crest & pubic symphysis Costal cartilage ribs 5-7; Xiphoid Flexion of trunk 6-pack muscles
process
External abdominal 1. Linea alba 2. Anterior 1/2 of External surface of Ribs 5-12 Flexion & contralateral rotation Along with internal obliques,
oblique iliac crest 3. Pubic tubercle of trunk are the primary tunk rotators

Internal abdominal 1.Thoracolumbar fascia 2. 1. Linea alba 2. pubis 3.Inferior Flexion & ipsilateral rotation of Fibre direction is generally
oblique Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest 3. aspect of ribs 10-12 trunk perpendicular to EAO fibres
Lateral aspect of inguinal
ligament
Transversus abdominis 1.Thoracolumbar fascia 2.
Internal surface of costal
cartilage ribs 7-12 3. Lateral
aspect of inguinal ligament 4.
Iliac crest
Quadratus Lumborum Inferior border of 12th rib &
TVPs of L1-L4
Hip Joint
Acetabulum-concave 1. Acetabular labrum/lip:
'cup'; has 2 aspects increases the depth of
acetabulum & holds the head
of femur
4 ligaments of hip joint Proximal attachment
Iliofemoral-Strongest; AIIS & acetabular labrum
Intrinsic
Ischiofemoral-broad; Acetabular rim
Intrinsic
Pubofemoral; Intrinsic Acetabular rim (pubic part)
Ligament of the head of Narrow end: Fovea capitis
the femur; Intracapsular
***Highest part of iliac crest sits at L4 for test***
Fascial Layers Location
1. Linea alba 2. pubic crest
Posterior iliac crest & iliolumbar
ligament
2. Transverse acetabular
ligament: increases stability &
support in the joint
Distal attachment
Intertrochantric line-most fibres
are found anteriorly
Greater trochanter
iliofemoral ligament
Wide end: acetabular notch &
transverse acetabular ligament
Attachments
Supports abdominal viscera Plays a key role in mov'ts such
as coughing, sneezing,
vomiting
Elevation of pelvis, lateral Stabilizes 12th rib, preventing
flexion of trunk, depression of its elevation when diaphragm
12th rib contracts
Orientation of acetabulum: Formed by ilium, pubis, and
Lateral, anterior, inferior ischium; multiaxial, ball &
socket synovial joint
Shape Function
Y shaped prevents hyperextension of
hip, reinforces joint capsule
anteriorly
Triangular Reinforces joint capsule
posteriorly; prevents
hyperextension of hip
Large, transverse band Reinforces joint capsule
anteriorly and inferiorly;
prevents hyperabduction of
hip
Narrow band inside the hip joint Weak; helps accommodate
mov't of femur in acetabular
socket
Superficial fascia deep to skin blends with dermis; continuous
with abdominal wall & buttock

Deep layer (fascia lata) between superficial fascia and Proximal: inguinal ligament, pubis, Distal: continuous with deep Thick and strong; forms ITB;
muscles iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, fascia of leg increases power of thigh
sacrotuberous ligament, ischial muscles, forms fibrous
tuberosity 'sleeve' and assists in venous
return

Iliotibial band Lateral thickening; continuous Proximal: iliac tubercle Distal: lateral condyle of tibia attachment for glut max &
with fascia lata tensor fascia lata; provides
stability for hip & lateral
aspect of knee

superior abdominal fascia

deep fascia
fascia transversalis
Thoracolumbar Inferior: iliac crest Superior: 12th rib Medial: SPs of lumbar & sacral Lateral: internal oblique &
region transverse abdominal muscles