PEDS2009
THD Analysis Of Matrix Converter Fed Load
N.Mahendran
Research Scholar, Department of EEE
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology
Sathyamangalam, Erode dt, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email:magi_nn@rediffmail.com
Abstract— Invention of direct transfer of Power conversion is
convenient method to eliminate DC link filter. Most of the Speed
control method of AC drive has DC link filter which play an
important role in rectifier fed inverter system. In this paper we
presented detailed review of latest control method and different
control strategy of direct AC to AC conversion using Matrix
Converter. Results are presented based on matrix performance
for various load conditions. Space Vector Pulse Width
modulation using MATLAB Simulink has been performed and
results were obtained. Basic theory of space vector model of AC
drive has been studied in detail and mathematical calculations
for important control strategy were presented. In addition to that
harmonic for different load conditions are analyzed.
Keywords-Matrix Converter,AC Drive,DC link filter,Space
Vector Pulse Width Modulation,Harmonic
I. INTRODUCTION
Many industrial processes are now very much dependant on
solid-state AC motor variable speed drives (VSD). The
induction motor is considered as a robust and fault tolerant
machine and is a popular choice in industrial drives. In
Induction motor short circuit of rotor laminations is a common
fault in both types of motors. Stator is subjected to some types
of faults such as winding faults and core faults. Their reliable
operation demands an AC supply of high quality. The
practical utilization of this system was seriously hindered by
the lack of electric valves with suitable characteristics and
ratings. AC to AC converter or frequency changer consist of
an array of static switches which are connected between the
input and output terminal. The basic power frequency changer
is classical cycloconverter, devised in the year 1930.Many
parts of industrial application request ac/ac power conversion
and ac/ac converters take power from one ac system and
deliver it to another with waveforms of different amplitude,
frequency, or phase. This concept has been clearly explained
in [1] and [2]. The ac/ac converters are commonly classified
into indirect converter which utilizes a dc link between the
two ac systems and direct converter that provides direct
conversion. Indirect converter consists of two converter stages
and energy storage element, which convert input ac to dc and
then reconverting dc back to output ac with variable amplitude
and frequency[3]. The converter consists of nine bidirectional
switches arranged as three sets of three so that any of the three
input phases can be connected to any of the three output lines
suitable control strategies[4], the matrix converter is able to
perform frequency and voltage conversion without the need
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Dr.G.Gurusamy,
Prof/Dean, Department of EEE,
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology,
Sathyamangalam, Erode dt, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email:magi_n2@rediffmail.com
for an intermediate DC link. Control of the output voltage is
achieved by switching between the allowed switching states
using a modulation strategy such that the average value of the
output voltage follows the desired waveform [5]. Table 1
presents the common types of electrical machine faults and the
corresponding vibrations harmonics, where 1X is the
rotational frequency in rps, f is the supply frequency in Hz.
RBPF is the rotor bar pass frequency (Number of bars*rotor
speed) and fp is the pole frequency([Ns-rotor
speed]*[p/60],where P is the number of poles).For example,
for a 4 pole ,50Hz motor operating from 50Hz and running at
speed of 1400rpm, the following vibration frequency
component will dominate under the unbalance of supply
voltage .
F1=1400/60 =23.33 Hz
F2=2*50-50/3 =83.33 Hz
F3=2*50 =100 Hz
F4=2*50+50/3 =116.66 Hz
F5=4*50 =200 Hz
Vibration frequency components due to electrical faults are
shown in table 1.
TABLE 1: ELECTRICAL FAULTS WITH FREQUENCY COMPONENTS
Types of faults F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
Unbalanced supply 1X 2f- F 2f13f 4f
voltage 13f
Possible problems include transformer overheating, motor
failures; fuse blowing, capacitor failures and mal functioning
of control. This paper illustrates basic simulation of Matrix
converter with different load conditions and THD analysis.
II. SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
All Space Vector Modulation (SVM) techniques use a set of
vectors that are defined as instantaneous space-vectors of the
voltage and currents at the input and output of the converter.
These vectors are created by the various different switching
states that the converter is capable of generating. For the
standard 3x3 matrix converter there are 27switching states.
The direct converter which was first described in [6], [7] and
such conversion technique did not find wide utilization
because of a number of practical implementation problems
related to bidirectional switch realization, synchronization and
protection, as well as some intrinsic theoretical limitations.
The output amplitude V0 cannot exceed 0.5 times the input
amplitude V1, thus resulting in poor semiconductor utilization.
The input power factor cannot be lower than the output power

factor. In this paper, the maximum amplitude limitation of all
fundamental direct AC to AC, 3 to 3 phases converters,
consisting of nine switches only, is explored [8].
Figure 1 Space Vector PWM development using MATLAB
III. MATHEMATICAL MODELING
When the induction motor is running near fundamental
synchronous speed, the harmonic equivalent circuit is quite
similar to the locked motor equivalent circuit for the particular
harmonic being considered. The magnetizing branch may be
neglected since the magnetizing reactance for the mth order
harmonic (n*Xm) is much greater than the rotor leakage
impedance. For the similar reason, the resistances representing
the core (mechanical losses for the fundamental and the
different harmonics are neglected. The nth harmonic current is
given in equation 1.
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ωm =Mechanical angular speed of motor
IV. MATRIX CONVERTER
With this general arrangement of switches, the power flow
through the converter can reverse. Because of the absence of
any energy storage element, the instantaneous power input
must be equal to the power output, assuming idealized zero-
loss switches [9].However, the reactive power input does not
have to equal the reactive power output. It can be said again
that the phase angle between the voltages and currents at the
input can be controlled and does not have to be the same as at
the output. Also, the form and the frequency at the two sides
are independent, in other words, the input may be three-phase
ac and the output dc, or both may be dc, or both may be ac.
Therefore, the matrix converter topology is promising for
universal power conversion such as: ac to dc, dc to ac, dc to dc
or ac to ac. A simple structure is shown in figure 2 and Figure
3.
Figure 2 Matrix converter Input Short Circuited

Vm
In = − −1 Figure 3 Matrix converter Output short circuited
(( Rsn + Rrn ) + ( X 1sn + X 1rn ) 2 )1 / 2
2
The output phase voltage in a matrix converter has three levels
Where Vn =voltage due to nth harmonic since it is constructed using the three available input phase
Rsn&Rrn =stator and rotor resistance voltages [10]. Since the output voltage levels transit through
V1sn&X1rn =stator and rotor leakage reactance for nth the mid-level of the three available input voltages, the step
order harmonic change in the output voltage as well as in the common mode
Total Harmonic current is given in equation 2. voltage is generally lower than in a conventional two-level
n
voltage source PWM inverters. One way of reducing the
I n = [∑ I n ]1 / 2 − − − − − − − 2
2
common mode voltage in a matrix converter is to deliberately
n=2
choose the input phase voltage with the median value to form
The harmonic distortion not only increases the rms value of the zero vector component resulting in smaller step changes if
the stator current but also produces large current peaks, which the common mode voltage as has been done. The input to the
increases the required current rating of the inverter transistor matrix converter is an ac voltage source, while the load on the
or commutating duty imposed on the inverter thyristors. DQ matrix converter is an induction motor, which is inductive in
model of wound rotor Induction Motor nature, the current through which is controlled [10]. Since the
From dq model wound rotor IM current into the inductive load is switched from one phase to
2
3PLm the other, it can create interference and stress the input ac
Te = ( I sq I rd − I sd I rq ) − − − − − − − 3 source. To prevent this, ac capacitors are used at the input of
2 Ls the matrix converter, which then absorb the switching ripple
Where q and d denotes q axis and d axis current component . Though the selection is made such that
S&r =stator and rotor the active voltage vector is not altered, the restrictions
Ψ =flux linkage imposed on the choice of output vectors results in poorer
R =Resistance output voltage waveform quality and increased harmonic flux
Lm =Magnetizing Inductance in the machine.
Ls & Lr-=Self inductance of stator or rotor
Te - TL =motor load torque
P =Number of poles V. MATRIX CONVERTER CONTROL METHODS
B =Friction constant coefficient The basic scheme of a 3-phasd3-phase matrix converter is
J =Inertia shown in Fig. 4. The nine bi-directional switches allow any

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output phase to be connected to any input phase and then the
matrix converter is a direct type power converter. This means
that the matrix converter has no internal energy storage. As a
consequence, any disturbance in the input voltages will be
reflected in the output voltages. Considering unbalanced non-
sinusoidal input voltages, the magnitude and the angular
velocity of the input voltage vector are not constant. Then, a
simple synchronization with the input voltages, as under
balanced sinusoidal conditions, is no longer applicable. The
input voltages must be measured at each cycle period, in order
to calculate the duty-cycles necessary to generate balanced
and sinusoidal output voltages. for a matrix converter, which
allows balanced and sinusoidal output voltages to be
generated, even under unbalanced non-sinusoidal supply
conditions, has been presented. In these operating conditions
there are several possible solutions for the modulation of the
input current vector that basically differ in the direction along
which the current vector is modulated.
Figure 4 Matrix converter
VI. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
Basic structure of MCs allows the output power control with a
degree of freedom, which is the phase angle between the input
voltage and the input current space vectors. This degree of
freedom can be used to define several input current
modulation strategies, aimed to improve the performance of
MCs in terms of input current quality [8], in the case of
unbalanced and no sinusoidal input voltages. Figure 5 and
Figure 6 shows basic simulation model of matrix converter fed
load of its output voltage and output current.
Figure 5 Vabc output voltage
Figure 6 Load Current
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PEDS2009
In particular, the influence of input line voltage disturbances
on both the load side performance and the input current is
significant and undesirable.
This paper addresses the ac line voltage disturbance
related performance issues of the MC drive. Above figure
shows input and output phase current, electro magnetic toque
– speed of induction motor in start up process. To eliminate
harmonics and assure the input phase currents to be sinusoidal,
a high frequency filter is necessary in the configuration [9]
[10]. It should be noted from the figures that the input voltage
and current are sinusoidal and the displacement angle between
each other approximately equals to zero.
Results obtained also present SPWM output line
voltage sinusoidal output line current which are all ideality
without any low frequency harmonics. The fundamental
component of input phase currents and output line voltages is
the main component absolutely. All these figures illustrate that
the modeling and control algorithm studied in the paper are
effective and the matrix converter is quite suitable to be served
as an ideal power supply input AC excited power generation
system.
Figure 7 Phase Voltage
From figure 7 & Figure 8 the systems output are sinusoidal
and these results are obtained without output filter
design.Perfect filter design may eleminate these harmonics
also.Figure 9 shows corresponding output current.
Figure 8 Input Current
Figure 9 Output Current
 PEDS2009
Switching Output THD
Frequency Frequency (%)
(Hz) (Hz)
3000 50 1.49
2000 50 2.20
1000 50 4.60
500 50 10.08

Figure 10 Input Voltage

Table 1 shows the basic parameters of matrix converter fed
load.

Figure 11 Input Current

Figure 124 Graphical representation of THD with variation

TABLE 4 VARIATION OF THD WITH STATOR FREQUENCY

Switching Output THD

Frequency Frequency (%)
(Hz) (Hz)
2000 50 2.20
2000 48 7.20
2000 45 17.27
2000 25 73.26

Figure 12 Speed and Torque Responses for 60/30 Hz

Figure 135 Variation in THD and Stator Frequency

Figure 13 Speed torque response

TABLE 2 MATRIX CONVERTER PARAMETER

Parameter Value
Modulation Index 1
Output Frequency 50Hz
Switching Frequency 2000Hz
Internal Resistance 0.001ohm
Figure 146 Variation in THD, Stator Frequency and Switching
Snubber Resistance 105 ohm
Frequency

TABLE 3 THD VARIATION WITH RESPECT TO FREQUENCY

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From table 2 and table 3, the change in frequency will cause
slight changes in the THD.
TABLE 5 PARAMETER VARIATION MATRIX CONVERTER WITH DIFFERENT LOAD
Parameter R Load RL Load Motor
Load
Switching 16KHz 16KHz 16KHz
Frequency
Output 65.64% 22.05% 4.9%
THD
Input 22.7% 22.59% 22.43%
THD
Figure 9 to Figure 14 shows variations of matrix converter
performannce with different load conditions. From Table 2 to
Table 5 shows the THD for different load condition. Table 3
shows the matrix converter with different load conditions.
THD are very low by using Space vector control method.By
applying special modulation techniques the peak currents in
the IGBTs can be reduced compared to similar inverters. This
improves the MTBF of the inverter, since there is less thermal
stress on the IGBT chip. By changing the switching behavior
of the inverter, the audible noise can also be influenced and
therefore be minimized. Space Vector Modulation provides
excellent output performance, optimized efficiency, and high
reliability compared to similar inverters with conventional
Pulse Width Modulation.
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a unified approach of the space vector
modulation for voltage source inverter. Five based stages for
the implementation of a space vector modulation technique are
identified. FFT and THD are analyzed. Experimental results
are presented to validate the proposed unified approach. Space
Vector modulation control of induction machine fed from a
three phase matrix converter modeling and simulation has been
described. The main topics discussed in the paper were: review
of matrix converter for various load conditions and converter
modeling and simulation. To our knowledge, this is the first
time that the matrix converter has been simulated for various
load based on Space Vector modulation, this being the main
contribution of the paper. According to the simulation results
obtained, the control algorithm presented is advisable for the
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PEDS2009
establishment in the industry. The measured value is
standard of IEEE. The next step of this research will be the
realization of the motor drive with closed loop control with
new control strategy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are very much thankful to the management
and the Principal Dr.R.Asokan Maha college of Engineering
for their constant encouragement to finish this work
successfully.
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