KULIAH #01

INTRODUCTION TO SUBSEA PIPELINE

ENGINEERING
KL4220 PIPA BAWAH LAUT

PROF. Ir. Ricky Lukman Tawekal, MSE, PhD

Eko Charnius Ilman, ST, MT

OUTLINE KULIAH

Sekilas Tentang Pipeline

Overview Produksi Minyak dan Gas
(Migas)
Pipeline Systems

Desain Pipeline dan Standar/Code

DEFINITION OF PIPELINE ENG.

What is Pipeline Engineering?

Pipelines are perhaps the most vital elements of

many oil and gas systems. Failure, for whatever
reason will result in a total stoppage of production
- and cash flow - for an extended period.
Pipeline engineering is the application of
appropriate knowledge and experience in the
performance of these components to ensure that
they are designed suitably and can be operated to
deliver acceptable performance.

Kepmentamben No. 300.K/38/M.pe/1997

SISTEM PIPA PENYALUR MINYAK

(PETROLEUM PIPELINE SYSTEM)
Gathering
pipeline systems
gather crude oil
from production
wells
pipeline systems
transport crude oil
from the gathering
systems to
refineries. Crude oil
systems can be
tens to hundreds of
miles in length and
cross state and
continental borders
Refined products
pipeline systems
transport refined
products such as
gasoline, kerosene
and many industrial
feedstock
petrochemicals
from refineries to
the end user or to
storage and
distribution
terminals. Refined
products pipelines
can extend tens to
thousands of miles
and cross state and
continental borders

From the wellhead to the customer

SISTEM PIPA PENYALUR GAS

(GAS PIPELINE SYSTEMS)
Gas

LNG

RT

Tanker

Kilang LNG

Gas

Pelanggan

RG

Receiving dan
Regasifikasi

Pelanggan

LPG

LPG

Trucking
Kilang

Lapangan
Gas

Pipa penyalur
Gas

Transmisi

Pelanggan
Besar

Stasiun Kompresor

M
Distribusi

C
CNG

Industri
Menengah, Kecil
dan Rumah
tangga
Industri
Menengah, Kecil
dan Rumah
tangga

From the wellhead to the customer

Overview Oil & Gas Production

UU 22 Tahun 2001 tentang MIGAS

Perubahan Hukum MIGAS

2012

HISTORY OF PIPELINE

1000 AC, first known gas pipelines made of bamboo, in Japan

HISTORY OF PIPELINE

The first Offshore Pipelines were laid in the Gulf of

Mexico (GoM), thousands of miles of pipelines have
been constructed offshore in various areas of the world,
including the North Sea, the GoM, the Mediterranean,
Australia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.
Some pipelines were installed in water depths of nearly
2000-6000 ft.
The first Offshore Pipelines in Indonesia were laid in the
Java Sea, by ARCO and MAXUS in the early of 70s.
More pipelines installed in Indonesia after booming oil
happened in 1980.

HISTORY OF PIPELINE
TRANS ALASKA PIPELINE SYSTEM

oil reserves

Gas remaining reserves

TERTIARY SEDIMENTARY BASIN IN INDONESIA

Future exploration in potential areas

100

110

130

120

140

PA

NORTH
SUMATERA
WEST
NATUNA

05

EAST
NATUNA

IF

IC

S IB

CE

G
OL

TARAKAN

MINAHASA
KETUN GAU
GORONTALO

SOUTH
M: OBI

SULA
BARITO

N
BE

SOUTH
SUMATERA

G: -

PEMBUANG

SOUTH SULA
ASEM
ASEM

U
GK
LU

05

BANGGAI

LARIANG

SUND A

BILITON
PATI

NORTH WEST
JA V A

SALABANGKA
SOUTH
MAKASAR

MANUI

WEST
BURU

10

IA

SOU
TH

SPERMONDE

AKIMEUGAH

EB
W

FLORES

ER

TANIBAR

SAHUL

J AV A

LOMBOK BALI

JAYAPURA

WAIPOGA

PA

BINTUNI

WEST
WEBER

BONE

NORTH EAST JAVA

AR
OP
EN

SALAWATI

MIS
OOL
SER
SOUTH A M
SERAM

TUKAN G BESI

IN

BIAK

BURU

BUTON

NORTH EAST
JAVA SEA

SOUTH HALMAHER A

AR
U

MELAWI

00

EAST HALMAHERA

NORTH
OBI

KUTAI

LU
NG

CEN TRAL
SUMATERA

NORTH HALMAHERA

SAWU

OR
TI M

Producing Basin (15 basins)

Basin w/ Discoveries. Non Producing (9 basins)
PROD UCING B A SIN ( 1 5 B A SINS )
Drilled Basin. No Discovery (14 basins)
BA S IN W ITH DIS COV E RIE S , NON P RODUC ING (Un-drilled
9 BA S INS ) Basin (22 basins)

LEGEND :

E
S

DRIL LE D B A SIN, N O DISC OVE RY ( 1 4 B A SINS )

BADAN P ELAKS ANA KE GIATAN

Overview operator
indonesia
EXXONMOBIL
PETROCHINA,
JOB PTM - COSTA.

CONOCOPHILLIPS,
PREMIER OIL

BP (TANGGUH)
CONOCOPHILLIPS
KALREZ PETR.
JOB P - PETROCHINA (SAL)
KUFPEC PETR. (INDONESIA)

TOTAL FINA ELF

CHEVRON
VICO IND

I
IV
II
PT. CPI
KONDUR PETR.

CONOCOPHILLIPS
PETROCHINA (JABUNG)
PERTAMINA HULU
EXSPAN NUSANTARA

CNOOC
BP (ONWJ)

III

V
VI

KODECO ENERGY
JOB P - PETROCHINA(TUBAN)
INDO-PACIFIC RES. (JAVA)

VIII

VII

IX

EMP Kangean

NATUNA FIELD

CNOOC SES

200 Pipelines

PHE ONWJ

400 Pipelines

PHE WMO /KODECO

TOTAL
networks
Tambora Field

AMT (Tatun = Tambora / Tunu)

Tunu North (NPU).. 58 Pipelines
Tunu South (CPU). 74 Pipelines
Tambora.. 17 Pipelines
Sisi Nubi (Future).. (05 Pipelines)

Tunu Field

Handil Field

AMB (BSP = Bekapai / Senipah / Peciko)

Bekapai14 Pipelines
Handil...71 Pipelines
Peciko..11 Pipelines
Senipah Terminal
Senipah...04 Pipelines

Sisi-Nubi Field
(Future)

Bekapai Field

Total EKD Pipelines..249 Pipelines.

Peciko Field

Bekapai
Field

KANGEAN
EAST JAVA
ENERGY
GAS INDONESIA
PIPELINE
Pagerungan

Gresik

360 KM LENGTH

BP TANGGUH

Myanmar

Existing PGN Pipelines

Existing Non-PGN Pipelines

PERUSAHAAN GAS NEGARA (PGN)

Rangoon

Short Term Projects

Thailand

Medium Term Projects

Manila
Bangkok

Cambodia

Long Term Projects

L
E
G
E
N
D

Philippines

Phnom
Penh

CNG Transportation
LNG Transportation
LNG Receiving Terminals
LNG Plant
CNG Plant
CNG VESSEL

LNG TANKER

Brunei
Darussalam

Malaysia
Medan

LNG Tankers
PGN Offices

Kota
Baharu

LNG Plant

CNG Vessels

K. Lumpur

45

Natuna Island

0
8"

25

Dumai

Singapore
- 28

Batam Island

2"
-3
"

Bangka

Palu

Balikpapan

CNG & LNG

Plant

CNG
VESSEL

Jayapura

Banjarmasin

km
- 28
"/ 3

LNG
Receiving
Terminal

LNG
TANKER

LNG
Receiving
Terminal

2"

LNG
TANKER

CNG
VESSEL

Donggi

Palembang

555

Makassar

Sengkang

Ambon

Kendari

Timika

LNG
TANKER

Tuban
Cirebon

Surabaya

Pagerungan

680 km - 28"

Merauke
Situbondo
Benoa

Mataram

Atambua

Timor
Leste

Flores

Kupang

The Integrated Indonesian Gas Transmission System

PT PERUSAHAAN GAS NEGARA (Persero)

Copyright : JHS

filename : IGT Project.vsd

- 32

km

8"

km

00

-2

467

km

755

Jakarta

Ternate
CNG Plant

11

km

53

Gorontalo

Pontianak
Samarinda

Grissik

Manado

Bontang

"

Duri

200 km - 16"

4"

CNG & LNG

Plant

km

-2

-2

km

Kuantan

Jaringan Pipa Transmisi Sumatera

Selatan Jawa Barat(PT PGN)

Master plan of the transmission &

distribution of natural gas
indonesia

sumatera

South sumatera lampung west java

LEGEND
Category I : Open Access
(Unbidded)
Planed Pipeline
- Development Principle Agreement
- Principle Agreement, installed
Planned Distribution Network
Region
- Principle Agreement , installed

Category I: Open Access

Category II: Downstream Dedicated

Existed Pipeline

Existed Pipeline

Planned Pipeline, Bidding

Planned Pipeline

Existed Distribution
Network Region
Planned Distribution Network
Region, Bidding

Category III: Upstream Dedicated

Gas
Resource

Petrochemical,
Steel Factory

Customer

Power Plant

Compressor

Region Boundary

Regulator

Existed Pipeline

City

Planned Pipeline

Refinery

java

Kalimantan & sulawesi

Development of trans java gas pipeline

(TJGP)
MUARA
TAWAR
CILAMAYA

CILEGON

CIREBON
SEMARANG

GRESIK

CEPU

Track 1: GRESIK SEMARANG 250 KM

PAGERUNGAN
PORONG

Track 2: CIREBON - SEMARANG 230 KM

ESTIMATED TIME OF CONSTRUCTION : 3 YEAR

Legend
Existing

Pipeline from Sumatera (under construction)

Planning TJGP

Pipeline from Kalimantan (wait for result of study)

1. Identification of prospect areas

Identify prospects for

exploration

Acquisition of Rights & Permits

2. Rights & permits

Marine Survey
Geological & Geophysical Investigation
Rig-Site Survey

Drill Exploratory Well

Yes
Is Well Dry?
No

3. Exploration phase

Test Well
No
Is Test Favorable?
Yes
Drill Confirmation Well (s) and Test

Are Tests Favorable?

No

Yes
Field Development Study & Design

4. Development phase

Design Submarine Pipeline,

Including sizing, coating,
methods & operation

Design & Fabricate

Production Equipment
Install Production Equipment

Install Pipeline, Survey and Test

5. Production & transportation

phase

Start Production

Cap Well
&
Abandon

Project chain

Feasibility/
conceptual

FEED

PMC

Life-of-asset support services capability

D and D

FLUID TRANSPORTATION

Transported Oil, Gas, Water, Chemical etc

Nowadays expand to deliver coal in capsule

gas pipeline systems

From the wellhead to the customer

pipeline systems
Tanker (off-loading)
Anchor Wire

CALM (Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring)

BUOY Turret Mode

Pumps

Hose Pipeline

Import
Pipeline
Flexible Riser

PLEM
(Pipeline Ending Manifold)
Mooring

pipeline systems

Loading/Unloading Line:
Off-loading Tanker = Import Pipeline
On-loading Tanker = Export Pipeline

pipeline systems
SUBSEA WELL PRODUCTION
Templates

Production,
Separation and Pump

Flowline
(Intrafield Pipeline)
(Interfield Pipeline)

pipeline systems
SUBSEA WELL PRODUCTION
Production,
Separation
Platform
Re-Injection
Line

Interfield Pipeline

Power Cable
Well
Templates

Subsea Pump

Flowline
(Intrafield Pipeline)

RISER & PLATFORM

PIPELINE COMPONENTS

Linepipe

Coatings

Pig Trap

Valve

DIAGRAM ALIR
DESAIN
PIPA BAWAH LAUT

loads

Loads: Functional & Environmental

Gaya Gelombang

Gaya Arus

Route selection criteria

Connect export and receiving terminals

Minimise Cost
Minimise Risk
Minimise Impact

Cross section of pipe

Line pipe
Corrosion coating
FBE
Adhesive
Polypropelene

Concrete coating
M

at
e
p i ri a l
pa

ut
lim
Se rosi
o
k

Conte
(isi) nt

Selimut
beton

ID
Ds
Ds+2tcorr
Ds+2tcorr+2tcc = Dtot

WALL THICKNESS

DnV 1981

ASME B31.4 & B31.8

Pi Po D
2 SMYS kt

PD
t
2 S

S 0.72 E y

SYARAT TEKANAN INTERNAL

On-bottom
stability

Preview: Hydrodynamics
Soil Study
Vertical Stability
Lateral Stability
Settlement
Shore Approaches

shore approach

Free span
FREE SPAN & FATIGUE
ANALYSIS

Static
Dynamic
Fatigue
Remediation

subsea free span

PIPELINE INSTALLATION

3rd Gen Seamac 1

Saipem
1st Gen Clough Challenge

2nd Gen DLB Sea Horizon

3rd Gen Solitair (DP) Allseas

Metode Instalasi Pipa J-Lay

Saipem 7000

REEL BARGE

Regulation
Indonesian Regulation for Pipeline were:

Kepmentamben No. 300.K/38/M.pe/1997

SNI 13-3473-2002 (ASME/ANSI B.31-4), Sistem Transportasi Cairan
untuk Hidrokarbon, Gas Petroleum Cair, Amoniak Anhidrus dan Alkohol
SNI 13-3474-2002 (ASME/ANSI B.31-8), Sistem Perpipaan Transmisi dan
Distribusi Gas
SNI 13-6213-2000 : Spesifikasi pipa alir (API 5L)
SNI 13-3472-1994 : Pengelasan saluran pipa dan fasilitas yang terkait
(API 1104)
SNI 13-4184-1996 : Kontrol korosi eksternal pada sistem perpipaan
metalik bawah tanah atau terendam

Design codes
Most Commonly Referenced Codes for Subsea Pipeline
Design are:

ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping System.

ASME B31.4 - Liquid Transportation System for Hydrocarbons and other

Liquids

DnV OS F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems

DnV 1981 - Rules for Submarine Pipelines

DnV RP E305 - On-bottom Stability Design of Submarine Pipelines

DnV RP F105 - Pipeline Free Spanning

DnV RP B401 - Recommended Practice for Cathodic Protection Design

API RP 1111 - Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore

Hydrocarbon Pipelines

API 5L - Specification for Linepipe

Reference Books
Most Commonly Referenced Books for Subsea Pipeline
Design are:

Subsea Pipeline Engineering - Andrew Palmer, Roger King, 2004

Subsea Pipeline & Riser - Yong Bai, 2001

Introduction to Submarine Pipeline Design Installation, and

Construction - A.H. Mouselli, 1976
Offshore Pipeline Boyun Guo, 2005

Software Support
Most Commonly Software Support for Subsea Pipeline
Design are:

Offpipe Installation Analysis; Free Span; Davit Lift; Crossing Analysis; Bottom
Roughness

CAESAR II/AutoPipe Stress Analysis; Riser & Spool; Crossing Analysis;

AGA - On-bottom Stability Analysis from Static to Dynamic Approach [Level 1,2 & 3]

DnV Fatfree Free Span Analysis & Fatigue [Level 1-3]

Pipesim/Pipesys Process Analysis; Hydraulic Analysis; Pressure & Temperature

Profile

SAGE Profile Bottom Roughness Analysis; Free Span Prediction

Orcaflex Flexible Pipe Analysis

PlusOne Pipeline Design Analysis Tools

ANSYS, ABAQUS, NASTRAN Finite Element

SEKIAN..
TERIMA KASIH