Sewer Levels

Consider the sewer system shown in the figure below. A main sewer with manholes, L5.4 (a starting
manhole) to L5.1 discharges into manhole 5 of the trunk sewer. Branch sewers discharge into manhole
L5.1 L5.4 of the main sewer as shown in the figure.
g
Invert levels of the branch sewers discharging
g g
into manhole M5.4 M5.1 are 97.223, 98.775, 98.311, and 96.334 m respectively. Invert level of the
trunk sewer leaving manhole 5 is 93.700 m. Fill up the last three columns of the design table for main
sewer. Show all calculations. All branch sewers have 400 mm diameter. Diameter of the trunk sewer is
1500 mm.
Given:

1. Center-line of a branch sewer entering a manhole must be at least 0.40 m above the center-line of the
sewer leaving the manhole
2. The top of a sewer leaving a manhole cannot be higher than the top of the principal sewer entering the
manhole
3. Invert level of a sewer leaving a manhole must be at least 0.03 m below the invert level of the
principal sewer entering the man hole.

TRUNK SEWER
L5.2
5
L5.4

L5.3

L5.1

Manhole

From

Length
(m)
To

Peak
Flow
(2032)
m3/s

D
(mm)

Discharge, m3/s
(2032)

Velocity,
m/s
(2032)

Full

Actual

Full

Actual

Peak
Flow
(2012)
m3/s

SelfCleansing
Velocity
(m/s)

Total
Fall,
m

Invert Elevation
(m)
Upper

Lower

L5.4

L5.3

88

0.15

500

0.002

0.169

0.15

0.86

0.972

0.05

0.688

0.176

96.773

96.597

L5.3

L5.2

77

0.28

700

0.002

0.414

0.28

1.076

1.152

0.09

0.829

0.154

96.397

96.243

L5.2

L5.1

101

0.33

700

0.002

0.414

0.33

1.076

1.184

0.12

0.861

0.202

96.213

96.011

L5.1

122

0.45

800

0.002

0.569

0.45

1.176

1.235

0.15

0.929

0.244

95.734

95.490

Given:

1. Center-line of a branch sewer entering a manhole must be at least 0.40 m above the center-line of the sewer leaving the
manhole
2 The top of a sewer leaving a manhole cannot be higher than the top of the principal sewer entering the manhole
2.
3. Invert level of a sewer leaving a manhole must be at least 0.03 m below the invert level of a principal sewer entering
the man hole.

L5.2
5
L5.4

L5.3

L5.1

Calculation of Sewer Levels

Given:

1. Center-line of a branch sewer entering a manhole must be at least 0.40 m above the center-line of the main sewer
leaving the manhole
2. The topp of a main sewer leavingg a manhole cannot be higher
g
than the topp of a main sewer enteringg the manhole
3. Invert level of a main sewer leaving a manhole must be at least 0.03 m below the invert level of a main sewer entering
the man hole.
Manhole

L5.2
L5.4

L5.3

5
L5.1

Invert level of branch sewer at L5.4 = 97.223 m

Diameter of the branch sewer at L5.4 = 0.400 m
R.L of the c/l of the branch sewer at L5.4 = 97.223 + 0.200 = 97.423 m
R.L of the c/l of sewer exiting L5.4 = 97.423 -0.400 = 97.023 m
Di
Diameter
t off sewer exiting
iti L5.4
L5 4 = 0.500
0 500 m
Invert level of sewer exiting L.5.4 = 97.023 0.250 = 96.773 m
Fall from L5.4 L5.3 = (88).(0.002) = 0.176 m
Invert level of sewer entering L5.3 = 96.773 0.176 = 96.597
Invert level of branch sewer at L5.3 = 98.775 m
Invert level of sewer leaving L5.3 = 96.597 0.2 = 96.397 m
Check:

R.L of c/l of sewer leaving L.5.3 = 96.397 + 0.350 = 96.747 m

R L off c/l
R.L
/l off branch
b
h sewer at L.5.3
L 5 3 = 98.775
98 775 + 0.200
0 200 = 97.975
97 975 m
c/l to c/l distance = 98.975 96.747 = 2.228 m (> 0.400 m, okay)

Fall from L5.3 L 5.2 = (0.002).77 = 0.154 m

Invert level of sewer entering L5.2 = 96.397 0.154 = 96.243 m

Invert Level (m)

Dia.

F
From

T
To

U
Upper

L
Lower

mm

L.5.4

L.5..3

96.773

96.597

500

L5.3

L.5.2

96.397

96.243

700

L.5.2

L.5.1

700

L5 1
L5.1

800

Invert levels of the branch sewers

discharging into manhole M5.4
M5.1 are 97.223, 98.775, 98.311, and
96.334 m respectively. Invert level
of the trunk sewer leaving manhole 5
i 93.700
is
93 700 m. All branch
b
h sewers have
h
400 mm diameter. Diameter of the
trunk sewer is 1500 mm.

L5.2
L5.4

Manhole

L5 3
L5.3

L5.1

Invert level of sewer leaving L5.2 = 96.243 0.030 = 96.213 m

Check:

Calculation of Sewer Levels

(Continued)

R.L
R
L of c/l of sewer leaving L.5.2
L 5 2 = 96.213
96 213 + 0.350
0 350 = 96.563
96 563 m
R.L of c/l of branch sewer at L.5.2 = 98.311 + 0.200 = 98.511 m
c/l to c/l distance = 98.511 96.563 = 1.948 m (> 0.400 m, okay)

To

Upper

Lower

mm

L.5.4

L.5..3

96.773

96.597

500

L5.3

L.5.2

96.397

96.243

700

L.5.2

L.5.1

96.213

96.011

700

L5.1

95.734

95.490

800

Invert level of sewer leaving L5.1 = 96.011 0.100 = 95.911 m

R.L
R
L of c/l of sewer leaving L.5.1
L 5 1 = 95.911
95 911 + 00.400
400 = 96.311
96 311 m
R.L of c/l of branch sewer at L.5.1 = 96.334 + 0.200 = 96.534 m
c/l to c/l distance = 96.534 96.311 = 0.223 m (not > 0.400 m, not okay)

True invert level of sewer leaving L5.1 is 96.534 - 0.400 0.400 = 95.734
Fall from L5.1 5 = 0.254 m
Invert level of sewer entering 5 = 95.734 0.244 = 95.490 m
Invert level of sewer exiting 5 = 93.700 m
Check:

R.L of c/l of trunk sewer leaving 5 = 93.700 + 0.75 = 94.450 m

R.L of c/l of main sewer at 5 = 95.490 + 0.400 = 95.890 m
c/l to c/l distance = 95.890 94.450 = 1.440 m (> 0.400 m, okay)

Dia.

From

Fall from L5.2 L 5.1 = 0.202 m

Invert level of sewer entering L5.2 = 96.213 0.202 = 96.011 m

Check:

Invert Level (m)

Given:
1. Center-line of a branch sewer
entering a manhole must be at least 0.40
m above the center
center-line
line of the main
sewer leaving the manhole
2. The top of a main sewer leaving a
manhole cannot be higher than the top
of a main sewer entering the manhole
3. Invert level of a main sewer leaving a
manhole must be at least 0.03 m below
the invert level of a main sewer entering
the man hole.

Invert levels of the branch

sewers discharging
di h i into
i t manhole
h l
M5.4

M5.1
are
97.223, 98.775, 98.311, and
96.334 m respectively. Invert
level of the trunk sewer leaving
g
manhole 5 is 93.700 m. All
branch sewers have 400 mm
diameter. Diameter of the trunk
sewer is 1500 mm.

Example Problem

Proportional Weir

Design a proportional weir to be fitted at the

downstream end of rectangular grit chamber.
The grit chamber is designed for a flow of
0.30 m3/s (~26 MLD).

l
h

Solution :
Vsc for 0.25 mm grit particles = 0.254 m/s
Let VH (< Vsc) be 0.25 m/s
Let depth of flow (H) = 1.2 m
Width of the grit chamber (B) = Q/(vH.H)
H) = 1 m
Flow across a proportional weir is given by the
formula,
1
2

Q=(4.173).[L.H ].H;
Q
L=
= 0.055m
3
4 173 [H 2 ]
4.173.[H

1
2

K = [LH ] = 0.060
1
2

Th [l.h
Thus,
[l h ] =0.060
0 060

Design Calculations:

Weir Profile
1.400

L
1.200
1.000
0.800

l
h

0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000

B
h
0.100
0 200
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0 600
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.000
1.100
1.200

l = K/(h0.5)
0.189
0 134
0.134
0.109
0.095
0.085
0 077
0.077
0.072
0.067
0.063
0.060
0.057
0.055

-0.500
0 500

Q = 4.173/(l.h1.5)
0.025
0 050
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0 150
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
0.275
0.300

-0.300
0 300

B
VH =Q/(B.h)
1.000
0.25
1 000
1.000
0 25
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25
1 000
1.000
0 25
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25
1.000
0.25

-0.100
0 100

0 100
0.100

0 300
0.300

H = 1.200
L = 0.055
K = 0.060

0 500
0.500