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UT Level II General and Specific Exam
This test has 70 points in 70 items
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ACCP Level II Certification

1.
near field zone.

far field zone.
Hertzian zone.
Fresnel zone.
What incident angle in a plastic (Lucite) shoe will generate a 53 ( shear wave in an aluminum forging?
(Aluminum: VL=2.5x105 in/s; Vs=1.2x105 in/s; Lucite: VL=1.1x105 in/s; Vs=0.43x105 in/s)
A)
B)
C)
D)
7.
45
59
63
72
In which zone of the sound beam does the signal amplitude from the same size reflector vary exponentially
as the distance from the search unit varies?
A)
B)
C)
D)
6.
0.56 inches.
1.17 inches.
2.34 inches.
3.68 inches.
A 14-inch diameter cylinder with a 12-inch inside diameter is to be examined using circumferential scans with
a 45 shear wave. What is the beam angle at the inside surface?
A)
B)
C)
D)
5.
0.24
14.4
16.6
28.8
The length of the near-field of a 2.25 MH shear-wave search unit, 1/2-inch diameter in aluminum is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
4.
density and elasticity of the test material.

specific gravity of the test material.
energy of the ultrasonic wave.
acoustic attenuation of the test material.
A straight-beam search unit 1/2-inch diameter, 2.25 MH has a half-angle beam spread of a _________in mild
steel.
A)
B)
C)
D)
3.
page 1
Ultrasonic velocity is dependent on the:

A)
B)
C)
D)
2.
UT General & Specific Exam
8 degrees
17 degrees
47 degrees
61 degrees
In angle beam testing a 1-inch thick plate, the sound path to the bottom of the plate is 3 inches. What search
unit angle is being used?
A)
B)
C)
D)
19.5 degrees
33.3 degrees
66.7 degrees
70.5 degrees
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11

8.
page 2
The attenuation of sound within a part is effected by which of the following:

A)
B)
C)
D)
9.
grain size.
grain size and part temperature.
grain size, part temperature and inclusion content.
grain size, part temperature, inclusion content and density.
The angle at which 90-degree refraction of the shear wave mode occurs is called the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
angle of reflection.
first critical angle.
second critical angle.
third critical angle.
10. The wave length of ultrasound is a measure of:

A)
B)
C)
D)
the number of cycles the sound passes through per second.

how far the sound wave travels in one complete cycle.
the time required for one wave of the sound to pass a given point.
the peak-to-valley height of the sound wave.
11. The resolution of an ultrasonic pulse-echo is affected by which of the following?

A)
B)
C)
D)
Probe damping
Pulse energy
Probe diameter
Receiver band width
12. The angular position of the reflecting surface of a discontinuity with respect to the entry surface is referred to
as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
the angle of incidence.

the angle of refraction.
the orientation of the discontinuity.
none of the above.
13. It is usually difficult to ultrasonic test austenitic stainless steel with high sensitivity techniques because of its:
A)
B)
C)
D)
fine grain structure.

coarse grain structure.
spheroidized graphite particles.
flake-like graphite particles.
14. The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one material to another material whose
elasticity and density differ from those of the first material is called:
A)
B)
C)
D)
refraction
rarefaction
angulation
reflection
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 3
15. The ability of an ultrasonic test system to detect given size discontinuities at given distances is referred to as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
the Fraunhofer response.

sensitivity.
resolution.
penetration.
16. What accounts for the loss of sensitivity with distance in the far field of a transducer?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Fresnel effects.
Fraunhofer effects.
The Heisenburg Effect.
The Critical Distance Effect.
17. If an ultrasonic wave is transmitted through an interface of two materials in which the first material has a
higher acoustic impedance value but the same velocity value as the second material, the angle of refraction
will be:
A)
B)
C)
D)
greater than the angle of incidence.

less than the angle of incidence.
the same as the angle of incidence.
beyond the critical angle.
18. When a sound beam encounters a discontinuity, the resulting material/wave interaction produces a signal
that:
A)
B)
C)
D)
often provides information about the type of reflector.

provides no information about the type of reflector.
cannot be distinguished from geometric reflectors.
is independent of the type of reflector.
19. When the major axis of a reflector is not oriented perpendicular to the axis of the impinging sound beam, the
reflection from it may be:
A)
B)
C)
D)
completely absorbed by the surrounding material.

significantly increased in amplitude.
amplified by the factor "one plus the sine of the angle between the discontinuity and the incident beam".
undetectable.
20. Which of the following discontinuities located 6" (15.2 cm) from the ultrasonic beam-entry surface would
result in the largest indication amplitude if all factors except discontinuity surface condition and orientation are
the same?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A smooth-surfaced discontinuity whose major face is at an angle of 75 degrees to the direction of sound
beam propagation.
A rough-surfaced discontinuity whose major face is at an angle of 75 degrees to the direction of sound
beam propagation.
A smooth-surfaced discontinuity whose major face is perpendicular to the direction of sound beam
propagation.
A rough-surfaced discontinuity whose major face is parallel to the direction of sound beam propagation.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 4
21. The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity will be dependent on:
A)
B)
C)
D)
the size of the discontinuity.

the orientation of the discontinuity.
the type of discontinuity.
all of the above.
22. The maximum possible UT reflection will occur from a given discontinuity when the thickness of the
discontinuity is equal to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
one wavelength of the ultrasound.

two wavelengths.
one-quarter wavelength.
one-half wavelength.
23. Ultrasonic waves can be distorted by the anisotropic, coarse-grained microstructure that may occur in metals
such as austenitic stainless steels, titantim and Ni-Cr-Fe alloys. When testing such materials, this problem
can be reduced by:
A)
B)
C)
D)
increasing test frequency.

decreasing test frequency.
adjusting instrument gain settings.
using a more viscous couplant.
24. When a discontinuity is detected, signal amplitude may be improved by:

A)
B)
C)
D)
25.
decreasing the intensity of the incident ultrasonic beam.

decreasing the mismatch between the acoustic impedance of the receiving crystal and the material
being inspected.
decreasing the effective surface area of the receiver.
decreasing the electronic amplification of the output of the receiver crystal.
Detection of discontinuities is based on differences between the properties of discontinuities and the
properties of the test material. Which of the following properties is the most important for detection of
discontinuities?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Density.
Diffractivity.
Velocity.
Impedance.
26. In general, which of the following modes of propagation would have the greatest penetrating power in a
coarse-grained material if the frequency of the waves is the same?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Longitudinal
Shear
Transverse
All of the above wave modes would have the same penetrating power.
27. Reference standards containing multiple reflectors in very close proximity to each other are designed to
check the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
sensitivity of the ultrasonic system.

resolution of the ultrasonic system.
Y - point of the ultrasonic transducer.
standardization of the ultrasonic system.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 5
28. An ultrasonic system is considered to have better resolution when the A-scan display from two adjacent
indications is seen as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
one broad-based, high-amplitude signal.

a broad-based signal with two distinct peaks.
a drop in signal amplitude.
two distinct, separate signals on the baseline.
29. Many UT procedures allow the technician a selection of search unit frequencies. Why is this done?
A)
B)
C)
D)
It allows the technician some flexibility in choosing the best approach depending on product form and
application.
Any frequency within the range specified will work just as well as any other and this flexibility allows
testing to go on even if a particular transducer is not available.
It allows flexibility in adjusting the sensitivity to suit the employer's cost considerations.
It reduces the time needed to develop procedures and allows use of generic procedures.
30. What kind of frequency spectrum and resolution do highly damped search units exhibit in the near field?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A broad spectrum and good resolution.

A narrow spectrum and good resolution.
A broad frequency spectrum and poor resolution.
A narrow spectrum and poor resolution.
31. If a reflector at 12.3" (31.2 cm) sound path produces an indication at 6.6 screen divisions, what sound path
distance would be represented by an indication at 10 screen divisions? Note: Assume a linear calibration.
A)
B)
C)
D)
6.6" (16.8 cm)

8.1 (20.3 cm)
18.6" (47.3 cm)
Cannot be determined from the given information.
32. At what screen division would an indication from a 3.5" (8.9 cm) angle-beam sound path occur if the display
was calibrated to a 20" (50.8 cm) full screen display? Note: Assume a linear calibration.
A)
B)
C)
D)
3.5 divisions
1.75 divisions
7.0 divisions
cannot be determined
33. During a test using A-scan equipment, strong vertical indications appear moving at varying rates horizontally
across the screen. It is impossible to repeat a particular screen pattern by scanning the same area. The
most probable cause of these indications is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
porosity in the test part.

an irregularity shaped crack.
a blow hole.
electrical interference.
34. A signal that remains at constant amplitude and baseline position throughout the length and width of the test
object is most likely which of the following?
A)
B)
C)
D)
an indication of equipment malfunction.

an indication that batteries need to be charged.
An irregular shaped longitudinal crack..
an indication of a large, intermittent discontinuity.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 6
35. After calibrating for sensitivity against a reference standard with a precise 0.060 inch flat bottom hole, a
reflector in the test material is found at a greater metal path distance than that used for calibration. The
reflector in the test material has a signal amplitude equivalent to the 0.060-inch FBH. The area of the reflector
producing this indication is most likely:
A)
B)
C)
D)
equal to the area of the FBH.

less than the area of the FBH.
greater than the area of the FBH.
unknown because the reflector is beyond calibration distance.
36. In the accompanying figure, indications "A" and "B" were observed during a straight beam axial scan of a
forged shaft. As compared to the reflector causing indication "B", the size of the reflector causing indication
"A" is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
smaller because it's indication is earlier in time.

smaller because it's indication is later in time.
larger because it's indication is earlier in time.
larger because it's indication is later in time.
37. In order to standardize reflected signals at various depths in the test material it is necessary to use:
A)
B)
C)
D)
a variety of transducer angles.

at least two transducer frequencies.
distance-amplitude correction.
reject control to minimize "grass".
38. During straight beam contact testing calibration, a 0.2" (5.1 mm) diameter flat-bottomed hole (FBH) appeared
at 3.2 screen divisions with an amplitude of 40% full screen height (FSH). The accompanying figure shows
an indication from another FBH that is probably:
A)
B)
C)
D)
a larger diameter than the 0.2" FBH.

a smaller diameter than the 0.2" FBH.
another 0.2" diameter FBH.
nothing. Without knowing the full screen range, this display can not be interpreted.
39. The amplifier range over which the unsaturated signal response increases in amplitude in proportion to the
surface area of the discontinuity is the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
horizontal range.
vertical linearity range.
selectivity range.
resolution range.
40. An ultrasonic test on an aluminum casting has detected a reflector near a surface imperfection. Which of the
following NDT methods would be best to determine whether or not this reflector is surface connected?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Acoustic emission testing.

Liquid penetrant testing.
Magnetic particle testing.
Leak testing.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 7
41. In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the componet that co-ordinates the acitons and timing of other
components is called a:
A)
B)
C)
D)
display unit or CRT.

receiver.
marker circuit or range marker circuit.
synchronizer, clock or timer.
42. A UT display where the horizontal sweep is proportional to the distance along the surface of the test object,
and the vertical sweep is proportional to the depth from the test surface, as shown on a two dimensional
cross section of the test piece, is known as an:
A)
B)
C)
D)
A-scan.
B-scan.
C-scan.
A/B-scan.
43. During angle beam testing with a properly calibrated A-scan pulse-echo instrument, the point at which a
signal is positioned along the baseline of the CRT may reveal what information?
A)
B)
C)
D)
depth of an indication below the test surface.

distance along the test surface ahead of the transducer to a point directly above the reflector.
sound path distance from transducer to reflector.
thickness of the test material.
44. The cathode rate tube screen will display a plan view of the part outline and defects when using which of the
following:
A)
B)
C)
D)
automatic read-out equipment.

a C-scan presentation.
a B-scan presentation.
an A-scan presentation.
45. In immersion testing compressional waves are used to transmit sound to the test object because:
A)
B)
C)
D)
compressional waves travel faster and will therefore increase the distance of the interface signal from
the main bang thus allowing more of the A-scan trace to be utilized for evaluating the object.
for all practical purposes, water will not sustain shear waves.
shear waves cannot be used to test materials with this technique.
it is not practical to generate a shear wave in water with the commonly utilized transducer for immersion
examination.
46. The through-wall position of laminations is difficult, if not impossible, to measure when which of the following
techniques are used? This is NOT a UT question, see substitute question 49a.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Pulse echo
Through transmission.
Contact
Immersion
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 8
47. ASTM area and distance-amplitude blocks consist of solid cylinders containing reflectors of various sizes and
at various depths below the test surfaces. What type of reflectors are used in these blocks?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Side drilled holes.

Flat bottom holes
EDM notches
IGSCC reflectors
48. Horizontal nonlineartiy in an ultasonic test instrument will cause errors in which of the following:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Angle beam calibration (IIW Block)

Flaw location determination
Flaw amplitude determinations
All of the above
49. Which of the following standard reference blocks can be used to determine straight-beam search unit
resolution?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Step wedge.
Distance-amplitude block.
AWS DSC block.
IIW block.
50. Which of the following is correct concerning area-amplitude reference blocks?

A)
B)
C)
D)
The sound path distance to the flat-bottomed holes varies.

The length of the round-bottomed holes varies.
The diameter of the flat-bottomed holes varies.
The area of the notches varies because the depth of the notches varies.
51. Angle beam distance calibrations are most commonly made with which of the following reflectors:
A)
B)
C)
D)
side-drilled holes.
far-side notches.
near-side notches.
all the above.
52. What is the purpose of the 0.06" (1.5 mm) side drilled hole in an IIW-type reference block?
A)
B)
C)
D)
To determine angles of refraction between 60 and 75 degrees for contact angle beam search units.
To set the UT system sensitivity for contact straight beam testing.
To determine UT system sensitivity for contact angle beam testing.
To determine angles of refraction between 75 and 80 degrees for contact angle beam search units.
53. Resonance ultrasonic thickness standards are applicable when the thickness is a multiple of the :
A)
B)
C)
D)
wavelength.
half wavelength.
quarter wavelength.
square of the wavelength.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 9
54. Which if the following, examination techniques is best for detection of non-metallic inclusions from the ingot
that occur in stock?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Straight-beam exam from one end of the bar stock.

Through transmission exam from both ends of the bar stock.
Angle-beam circumferential exam in one direction.
Angle-beam circumferential exam in two directions.
55. Based on typical ultrasonic responses, what type of discontinuity is illustrated in the following straight beam
examination of flat plate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A crack in a weld.
A slag inclusion in a weld.
A lamination.
A forging lap.
56. Which of the following angle-beam scans is necessary to provide thorough examination of pipes and tubes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Circumferential immersion scans, in one direction.

Axial contact scans, in two directions.
Circumferential and axial scans, each in two directions.
Circumferential and axial scans, each in one direction.
57. Pipe and tube are typically tested by the shear wave technique with the beam propagated circumferentially
and axially:
A)
B)
C)
D)
from the inside of the pipe or tube.

from the first six-inches at each end of the pipe or tube.
in two opposite directions axially and circumferentially.
in one direction axially and one direction circumferentially.
58. Ultrasonic testing of piping and vessels which contain corrosive materials moving at high velocity may reveal
which of the following service-induced discontinuities:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Lack of Fusion
Erosion.
Thermal Fatigue.
Lack of Penetration.
59. After testing a 3" (76.2 mm) thick casting at 5 MHz, it was retested at 1 MHz. Which of the following is most
likely the reason that this additional test was performed?
A)
B)
C)
D)
higher frequency would improve detectability.

higher frequency would decrease sensitivity.
lower frequency would improve resolution.
lower frequency would improve penetration.
60. In an effort to penetrate to the back wall of a casting, a test operator decreases the test frequency and utilizes
a larger diameter transducer. How does this affect the test system resolution?
A)
B)
C)
D)
It does not affect the resolution.

It increases the resolution.
It decreases the resolution.
The larger diameter decreases the resolution but the frequency has no affect.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 10
61. A 1.5-inch thick single-vee grove weld is to be examined using a 60 search unit. What is the length of the full
ship distance?
A)
B)
C)
D)
1.15 inches
2.59 inches
3.64 inches
5.19 inches
62. During angle beam contact testing of a circumferential single-vee grove pipe weld an indication from the ID
appears at or near the root. The indication amplitude remains relatively constant as the search unit is moved
around the circumference. Which of the following best describes the reflector?
A)
B)
C)
D)
counterbore.
undercut.
porosity.
tungsten inclusions.
63. A type of welding-related discontinuity that may produce multiple UT indications in close proximity to each
other is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
hydrogen flakes.
unfused chaplets.
bursts.
porosity.
64. In testing welds, straight beam examinations are normally performed prior to angle beam examination in
order to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
ensure the integrity of the base material that the angle beam must pass through.
determine the geometry of the back face of the base material.
calibrate the system based on actual material thickness.
detect the presence of underbead cracking.
65. During angle beam testing of a pipe-to-pipe weld that has been in service a number of years, a sharp, narrow
and distinct indication is observed This is most likely from:
A)
B)
C)
D)
a crack.
an inclusion.
a lap.
erosion
66. During an angle beam examination of a pipe weld, a signal appears on the display but does not "walk" (move
horizontally across the screen when the probe is moved perpendicular to the weld). Using a second angle
beam scan from the opposite side of the weld, the indication appears at the same location on the screen.
This indication is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
a service-related indication.
a result of porosity.
a nonrelevant indication.
an indication resulting from a Lamb wave.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 11
67. A high amplitude signal response that plots near the center from the inside diameter (ID) of a single-vee
grooved circumferential pipe weld would most likely be which of the following:
A)
B)
C)
D)
slag
lack of penetration
lamellar tearing
porosity
68. During contact angle-beam examination of a very thick to thin tee-joint full-penetration weld, an indication is
detected in the base metal. Which one of the following best describes the reflection?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Lamellar tears
Longitudinal cracks
Porosity
Lack of fusion
69. The ASTM practice for ultrasonic testing of welds is limited to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
wrought ferrous alloys.

contact testing.
butt, fillet and spot welds.
angle beam testing.
70. In testing of modern adhesively bonded joints, the most important quality to be determined is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
how much porosity there is in the adhesive portion of the joint.

how much adhesive there is in the joint.
how much adhesion there is in the joint.
how many voids there are in the adhesively bonded joint.
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 1
Answer Key
C:\MARK\New Exams\NewUT.xam "UT Gen & Spec" Exam ID: 11
C:\MARK\New Exams\NewUT\B0000000.TKY
The answer key lists the item number, then the correct answer. For multiple-choice items, this is followed by the
points required for mastery, and, if there is more than one correct response, a list of points for each alternative.
Other item types show the answer. The Total Points is the number of possible points in the test. The Number of
points required for mastery is the points required to pass the exam.
Number Answer
Total points = 0
Number of points required for mastery = 0
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 2
Answer Key for UT General

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Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 3
Answer Key for UT General

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Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 4
Answer Key for UT Specifi

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Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11
page 5
Answer Key for UT Specifi

Number Answer
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Total points = 0
Copyright ASNT 2001
Examination ID: 11

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UT Level II General and Specific Exam

This test has 70 points in 70 items

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.com

ACCP Level II Certification

near field zone.

density and elasticity of the test material.

Ultrasonic velocity is dependent on the:

UT General & Specific Exam

Copyright ASNT 2001

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.com

ACCP Level II Certification

The attenuation of sound within a part is effected by which of the following:

UT General & Specific Exam

10. The wave length of ultrasound is a measure of:

the number of cycles the sound passes through per second.

11. The resolution of an ultrasonic pulse-echo is affected by which of the following?

the angle of incidence.

fine grain structure.

Copyright ASNT 2001

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.com

ACCP Level II Certification

UT General & Specific Exam

the Fraunhofer response.

greater than the angle of incidence.

often provides information about the type of reflector.

completely absorbed by the surrounding material.

Copyright ASNT 2001

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ACCP Level II Certification

UT General & Specific Exam

the size of the discontinuity.

one wavelength of the ultrasound.

increasing test frequency.

24. When a discontinuity is detected, signal amplitude may be improved by:

decreasing the intensity of the incident ultrasonic beam.

sensitivity of the ultrasonic system.

Copyright ASNT 2001

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ACCP Level II Certification

UT General & Specific Exam

one broad-based, high-amplitude signal.

A broad spectrum and good resolution.

6.6" (16.8 cm)

porosity in the test part.

an indication of equipment malfunction.

Copyright ASNT 2001

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ACCP Level II Certification

UT General & Specific Exam

equal to the area of the FBH.

smaller because it's indication is earlier in time.

a variety of transducer angles.

a larger diameter than the 0.2" FBH.

Acoustic emission testing.

Copyright ASNT 2001

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ACCP Level II Certification

UT General & Specific Exam

display unit or CRT.

depth of an indication below the test surface.

automatic read-out equipment.

Copyright ASNT 2001

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