Unit 3 Chemistry of Biomolecules Test Review

Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. This review sheet is due on Thursday, December 18.
Objective 1: Basic Chemistry Review
1. Draw a Bohr Model of phosphorus: 15
P
31
2. How many electrons, protons and neutrons are there in phosphorus?
3. a) How many valence electrons ae there in phosphorus? b) What is the significance of valence electrons?
4. a) Draw a structural model of NH3. b) What kind of bonds are formed? (Single or double?). c) What does the subscript
3 indicate? d) How many molecules are there in NH3? How do you know?
5. Carbon can bond with ____ other elements.
6. Compare and contrast the following terms: Compound, molecule, atom, and element.
7. a) What is a biomolecule? b) Give four examples of biomolecules. (We are studying three of them now and we will
study the other one next semester).
Objective 2: Chemistry of Carbohydrates
8. a) What are carbohydrates? b) What structural shapes are common to all carbohydrates?
9. a) What are monosaccharides? B) Give 2 examples of monosaccharides. c) Write the chemical formulas for these two
monosaccharides that you listed. Are they both the same? d) How do these two monosaccharides differ from each
another?
10. a) What are polysaccharides? b) Give one example.
11. Describe two functions of carbohydrates.
12. a) Describe how a starch molecule is formed from multiple glucose molecules (monomers). Be sure to include the
term dehydration synthesis in your answer.
b)Glucose (C6H12O6) + Fructose (C6H12O6) = Sucrose. What is the chemical formula for Sucrose?
13. Describe how a starch molecule is broken down into its constituent glucose monomers (monosaccharides). Be sure to
include the term hydrolysis in your answer.
Objective 3: Chemistry of Lipids
14. What elements make up all lipids?
15. Describe at least 2 functions of lipids.
16. What are the two types of molecules that comprise a lipid? Make sure to list how many of each type there are.
17. Sketch an example lipid. Label the two types of molecules (include the number of each type of molecule).
18. How do saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids according to the molecular structure?
Objective 4: Chemistry of Proteins
19. What element is found in proteins, which is not found in lipids and carbohydrates?
20. What are the monomers of proteins?
21. Sketch and label an example of one of these monomers.
22. a) What two parts are the same in all proteins monomers? b) What is unique (different) to all of them?
23. Describe at least 2 functions of proteins.
Objective 5: Structure and Function of Enzymes
24. Describe the primary function of all enzymes. What type of biomolecule are enzymes?
25. At what temperature do enzymes function most effectively in human cells? What is another factor that affects
enzyme function?
26. Describe the relationship between enzymes, chemical reactions, and activation energy.
27. Identify the enzyme, substrate and products from the following description: Inside the mouth, salivary amylase breaks
down starches into disaccharides.
28. Using the picture provided, label the enzyme, the active site, the substrate and the products.