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Experiment 5
Group # 9 Tamse, Jan Marvin M.
1. Introduction
1.1
This experiment aims at determining the percentage of the petroleum sample that
will vaporize at different temperatures.
2. Theoretical Background
Distillation is used to determine the boiling point. Since petroleum sample
consists of different individual hydrocarbons having a separate boiling points,
boiling takes place over a range of temperature called distillation range[8.2]. The
distillation range provides information on the composition, the properties, and the
behavior of fuels during storage and use [8.1]. For automotive gasolines, distillation
characteristics indicates the warm-up characteristics during engine start[8.2].
3. Material/Equipment Used
3.1
Flask
3.2
Condenser of cooling bath
3.3
Shield
3.4
Flask support
3.5
Graduated cylinder
3.6
Heater
3.7
Thermometer
4. Methodology
4.1
The condenser was first filled with cracked ice. The temperature was then
4.2
4.3
4.4
flask.
The thermometer was fitted through a cork attached to the distillation flask.
The flask was placed in such a way that its tube is attached to the condenser. The
graduated cylinder is placed in such a way that it receives the liquid pouring out
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
The volume of the cooled residue found in the distillation flask was recorded as
4.9
the residue.
All the obtained volumes (residue + recovery) were subtracted to the total
volume. The difference was then recorded as the distillation loss.
Trial 1
100 mL
56 C
167 C
85 mL
4 mL
11 mL
11
Trial 2
100 mL
58 C
174 C
83 mL
3.4 mL
13.6 mL
6.07mL
6. Conclusion
6.1
As shown in the data and discussions, approximately 24% of the gasoline are
evaporated having and endpoint of approximately 170.5 C. This temperature is
related to the volatility of the petroleum sample. Most of the time, the volatility of
a commercial gasoline is adjusted depending on the climate of the region it is
being shipped to[8.2]. In a warm weather, less volatility protects from the tendency
of vapor lock[8.2].
7. Recommendation
7.1
It is recommended to include 50% and 90% evaporation to determine the
temperature points and warm-up characteristics of petroleum sample.
8. Bibliography
8.1
Nadkarni, R.A. Kishore. Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of
8.2
Petroleum Products and Lubricants 2nd Ed. ASTM Stock No. MNL44-2nd.
Bloch, Heinz. Practical Lubrication For Industrial Facilities. 2nd ed. Lilburn:
8.3