3.4.

1 Definitions
Accidental Contact
Any inadvertent physical contact with power transmission equipment, prime movers, machines
or machine parts which could result from slipping, falling, sliding, tripping or any other unplanned
action or movement.
Balustrades
The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator.
Buffer
A device designed to stop a descending car or counterweight beyond its normal limit of travel by
absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counterweight.
Cage/Cab
An enclosure for housing the operator and the hoisting mechanism, power plant and equipment
controlling a crane.
Capacity of Works, Project or Plant
The total horsepower of all engines, motors, turbines or other prime movers installed, whether in
operation or not.
Car
The load carrying unit of an elevator including its platform, frame, enclosure and door or gate.
Crane
Means a machine for lifting or lowering a load and moving it horizontally, the hoisting mechanism
being an integral part of the machine.
Dumbwaiter
A hoisting and lowering mechanism equipped with a car not to exceed 3861 sqcm in area and a
maximum height of 1.20m, the capacity of which does not exceed 277 kilos, used exclusively for
carrying materials.
Elevator
A hoisting and lowering mechanism equipped with a car or platform which moves in guides in a
vertical direction serving two or more floors of a building or structure. Movement of the car may
be controlled by gravitational, manual or mechanical power.
Elevator Landing
That portion of a floor, balcony or platform for loading or discharging passengers or freight to or
from the elevator.
Elevator Wire Ropes
Steel wire ropes attached to the car frame or passing around sheaves attached to the car frame
from which elevator/dumbwaiter cars and their counterweights are suspended.
Enclosed

Means that the moving parts of a machine are so guarded that physical contact by any part of
the human body is precluded or prevented. This does not however prohibit the use of hinged,
sliding or
otherwise removable doors or sections to permit inspection, lubrication or proper maintenance.
Escalator
A power driven, inclined, continuous stairway for raising or lowering passengers.
Guarded
Shielded, fenced or otherwise protected by means of suitable enclosure guards, covers or
standard railings, so as to preclude the possibility of accidental contact or dangerous approach to
persons or objects.
Hoist
An apparatus for raising or lowering a load by the application of a building force, but does not
include a car or platform. It may be base-mounted, hook suspension, monorail, overhead, simple
drum type or trolley suspension.
Hoistway
A shaftway for the travel of one or more elevators or dumbwaiters.
Machine
The driven unit of an equipment.
Machine house
An enclosure for housing the hoisting mechanism and power plant.
Machine Parts
Any or all moving parts of a machine.
Moving Walk
A type of horizontal passenger-carrying device on which passengers stand or walk, with its
surface remaining parallel to its direction of motion and is uninterrupted.
Power Transmission Machinery
A shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of fast and loose pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving belt, Vbelt sheaves and belts, chains and sprockets, gearing, torque connectors, conveyors, hydraulic
couplings, magnetic couplings, speed reducers or increasers or any device by which the motion
of an engine is transmitted to or received by another machine.
Process Machine
An equipment designed and operated for a specific purpose.
Travelling Cable
A cable made up of electric conductors which provides electrical connection between an elevator
or dumbwaiter car and a fixed outlet in the hoistway.
3.4.2 Guarding of Moving and Dangerous Parts

All prime movers, machines and machine parts, power transmission equipment shall be so
guarded, shielded, fenced or enclosed to protect any person against exposure to or accidental
contact with dangerous moving parts.
3.4.3 Cranes
1. Access to the case or machine house shall be by means of a conveniently placed stationary
ladder, stairs or platforms requiring a step-over that no gap exceeding 300 mm is allowed.
2. Adequate means shall be provided for cranes having revolving cables or machine houses, to
permit the operator to enter or leave the crane cab and reach the ground safely, irrespective of
its position.
3. Cages, cabs or machine houses on cranes shall be enclosed to protect operator during
inclement weather.
4. A gong or other effective warning device shall be mounted on each cage or cab.
5. Temporary crane operation without warning device may be allowed provided there is a
flagman whose sole duty is to warn those in the path of the crane or its load.
6. The maximum rated load of all cranes shall be plainly marked on each side of the crane. If
the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoist shall have marked on it or its load block,
its rated capacity clearly legible from the ground or floor.
3.4.4 Hoists
1. Operating control shall be plainly marked to indicate the direction of travel.
2. Each cage controlled hoist shall be equipped with an effective warning device.
3. Each hoist designed to lift its load vertically shall have its rated load legibly marked on the
hoist or load block or at some easily visible space.
4. A stop, which shall operate automatically, shall be provided at each switch, dead end rail or
turntable to prevent the trolley running off when the switch is open.
5. Each electric hoist motor shall be provided with an electrically or mechanically operated brake
so arranged that the brake will be applied automatically when the power is cut off from the hoist.
3.4.5 Elevators
1. Hoistways for elevators shall be substantially enclosed throughout their height, with no
openings allowed except for necessary doors, windows or skylights.
2. Ropes, wires or pipes shall not be installed in hoistways, except when necessary for the
operation of the elevators.
3. Hoistway pits shall be of such depth that when the car rests on the fully compressed buffers,
a clearance of not less than 600 mm remains between the underside of the car and the bottom
of the pit.
4. When four or more elevators serve all or the same portion of a building, they shall be located
in not less than two (2) hoistways and in no case shall more than four (4) elevators be located in
any one hoistway.
5. Where a machine room or penthouse is provided at the top of a hoistway, it shall be
constructed with sufficient room for repair and inspection. Access shall be by means of an iron
ladder or stairs when the room is more than 600 mm above the adjacent floor or roof

surface. The angle of inclination of such ladder or stairs shall not exceed 60 from the horizontal.
This room shall not be used as living quarters or depository of other materials and shall be
provided with adequate ventilation.
6. Minimum number of hoisting ropes shall be three (3) for traction elevators and two (2) for
drum.
7. The minimum diameter of hoisting and counterweight ropes shall be 30 mm.
8. Elevators shall be provided with overload relay and reverse polarity relay.
9. In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than five (5) stories, at least one
passenger elevator shall be kept on 24 hour constant service.
3.4.6 Escalators
1. The angle of inclination of an escalator shall not exceed 35 from the horizontal.
2. The width between balustrades shall not be less than 558 mm nor more than 1.20 m. This
width shall not exceed the width of the steps by more than 330 mm.
3. Solid balustrades of incombustible material shall be provided on each side of the moving
steps. If made of glass, it shall be of tempered type glass.
4. Each balustrade shall be provided with a handrail moving in the same direction and at the
same speed as the steps.
5. The rated speed, measured along the angle of inclination, shall be not more than 38 mpm.
6. Starting switches shall be key operated and located within sight of escalator steps.
7. Emergency buttons shall be conspicuously and accessibly located at or near the top and
bottom landings but protected from accidental contact.