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Abstract
This paper is proposed to reconsider the
development of active power filter (APF)
technologies that are routinely utilized to mitigate
harmonics in utility power lines. This reconsider
can furthermore be considered as a tutorial-type
paper as it provides a holistic coverage of the APF
technologies by omitting the tedious details, but
without losing the major essence of the subject
matter. It is wanted that by this approach, it would
be likely to lure more power engineering readers to
be involved in this important and growing area. The
discussion starts with a short overview of harmonic
distortion difficulties and their impacts on electric
power and powered value. The operation of
common APF topologies, namely the shunt,
sequence and hybrid APFs are recounted in
minutia. This is followed by a reconsider on
different types of reference pointer estimation
extraction methods. In specific, the application of
the p-q and elongation p-q theorems to extract the
quotation pointers are elaborated, as they are the
most commonly discovered in practical APF systems
eventually, an overview of the APF command
schemes is provided. A short consideration on the
APF-solar photovoltaic scheme is furthermore
granted. At the end of the paper, important
references are cited to aid readers who are
interested to discover the subject in larger detail.
Keywords
Active power filter, Harmonics mitigation, Power
electronics, Power quality, Voltage source inverter.
1. Introduction
The power value (PQ) problems in power utility
distribution schemes are not new, but only recently
their consequences have gained public perception.
Improvement in semiconductor apparatus technology
has fuelled a revolution in power electronics over the
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the fig 8. And fig 9 as given below. With the help this
arrangement, harmonics can be reduced up to a great
extents. The wave forms show that harmonics gets
reduced and their THD are also shown in Fig.10.
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Time
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.15
0.2
0.25
Time
0.3
0.35
0.4
4. Conclusion
This paper gives an overall outlook on the
development of APF technologies. A short discussion
on the harmonic distortion difficulties and their
impacts on electric powered PQ are given. The
conventional mitigation procedures utilizing passive
filters are presented first, followed by the advanced
mitigation procedures utilizing APFs. It also reviews
different kinds of reference pointer estimation
methods which is an integral part of the APF. An
overview of the control schemes for APF is offered.
Finally latest efforts in combining the PV system
with the shunt APF are considered briefly.
Acknowledgement
The author like to thanks to all referees for their
useful remarks, which helped to improve the paper.
Authors wishing to express cordial thanks to whole
Department of OCT, Bhopal (M.P.), and India for
their kind support.
References
[1] H. Akagi, New Trends in Active Filters for
Power Conditioning, IEEE Trans. on Industry
Applications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1312-1322, 1996.
[2] W. E. Kazibwe and M. H. Sendaula. Electric
Power Quality Control Techniques. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, New York, USA.
[3] R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, S. Santoso
and H. W. Beaty. Electrical Power Systems
Quality 2nd. ed. McGraw-Hill, 2002, USA.
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