DANISH KHAN KAIM KHANI

1415-2013
BS (TEXTILE)
03-11-2015

NAME
STUDENT I.D
BATCH
DATE
SCORE

REMOVAL OF NATURAL AND ADDED IMPURTIES (SCOURIN)

BY EXHAUST METHOD
PERFORMANCE ABJECTIVE
Upon the successful completion of this experiment student will be able to
(i)
Understand the mechanism of scouring and cotton of auxiliaries used
(ii)
Understand the exhaust method of scouring

MACHINES/MATERIAL REQUIRED

Dezized fabric
HT dyeing ir Oscillating Dyeing machines

Caustic soda
Weting agent
Sequesting agent

CHEMICAL REQUIRED

DISCUSSION
Natural cellulosic fiber like cotton and flax contain natural impurities like pectins, lignin,
protiens, waxes and fats along with some added impurities such as oilstans, dirt and dust
particle etc .Amount of these impurities present in differebt varities of cotton and flax are
give in the table below

CONSTITUENTS OF THE NATURAL CELLULOSEFIBERS (%AGE BY WEIGHT)

Constituents

Average
cotton

Variety of cotton
American Pima

Egyptian

flax
un-ratted Rateed

Cellulose
Hemi-cellulose
Pectins
Lignin
Protiens

88.0 to 91.0
91.0
90.8
. .. ...
0.7 to 1.2
0.53
0.68
.. ..
1.1 to 1.9
... .

56.4
64.1
15.4
16.7
2.5
1.8
2.5
2.0

Wax
Ash

0.4 to 1.0
0.7 to 1.6

1.3
1.5
.

0.35
0.12

0.42
0.25

Scouring is the process in which impurities present in the cellilusic fibers are removed by
treating it with alkali . In the process fats, waxes, protiens , oils , pectins , ash misclleanous
substance such as pigments ami cellulose and reducing sugure etc are removed from the
fabric . The typicall process consist of boiling the fabric with 3 to 6 % solution of sodium

hydroxide (NaOH) . fats and waxes are insoluble in water , when alkali (NaOH) reats with
them, soap is formed .This process is called saponification.
CH2O.O.C(CH2)16
CH2 . OH

CH.O.OC(CH2 )16 CH3

CH2 O.O.C (CH2 )16 CH

Typical fat of cotton

HOT SOLUTION OF nAoh

CH.OH

3CH (CH2)16COO N

CH2 .OH
Glycerol
SOLUBLE

Soap
SOLUBLE

INSOLUBLE

This soap is not only water soluble but also has detergent propertises.This
will need to removal of the dirt impurities .
During scouring of the natural cellulosic fiber, 5 to 10n % of the weight is lost
as a result iof removal of impurities. This weight loos is because of the
degradation ajnd the solution of the impurities like fats , waxes, protiesns ,
pactins and lignin etc how ever wettability and absorbency of the substrate
is increased .

TYPICALL RECIPE
CHEMICAL
Liquir ratio

Caustic soda
SANDOPAN dtc (PASTE)
Sirrix AK (liquid)

QUANTITY
1:2
1.0 2.0 %
0.25- 0.5 G/L
0.5 2.0 g/l

PROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Prepare the bath accordind to the recipe

Start the process at 40 C
Treat the fabric at 100 C for 30 60 min
Finely hot rinse the fabric at 80 90 for 10 15 min
Cold rinse

CALCULATION
S.NO

MATERIAL

1
2
3

Fabric weight
Total liquir
Caustic soda

QUANTITY

4
5

Sirrix AK
Sandopan DTC

Solomatic bleaching serves to remove almost all of the impurities including fats, waxes,
proteins, pectin, ash, chlorophylls and xanthophylls and also seed fregments.Thus it is an
ecconomicall process saving boththe time and the money.However , if full if full white fabric
with high degree of whitness is intendedthen, it is better to perform both the process
separately to achived best results.

Typical Recipe
Chemical
Liquor
Caustic Soda
Hydrogen per oxide
Stabilizer Y2K
Sandoclean PC-LF (paste)
Sirrix 2UD

Quantities
1:20
1.0%
.20 3.0 %
.025 0.5 %
0.5 1.0 %
1.0 %

TEST RESULTS
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
1 Describe soap formation while scouring of cotton fabric?
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2 Explain the roll of emulisier In scouring?
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3 How an NaOH solublizes fats and waxes ?
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FINAL CHECK LIST

1. Clean your machinery equipments/material and workbench before you leave

2. Ensure the replacement of all equipments to their specified storage area
3. Submit your answer to question together with your data ,calculation and result before
the next laboratory /experiment