Verification Manual

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 1 of 14

Table of Contents
1.

Objective ................................................................................................................................. 3

2.

Modeling using SteelSmart System ....................................................................................... 5

3.

Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 General................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Axial Forces in Members due to Seismic Loads (N0i) ........................................................... 9
3.3 Axial Forces in Members due to Lateral Unit Load (N1i) ................................................... 10
3.4 Lateral Deflection and Inter-Storey Drift Calculation ....................................................... 11

4.

Verification of SteelSmart System....................................................................................... 13

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

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1. Objective
The objective of this verification sample is to check the inter-storey drift calculation of a 2-storey
x-brace shear wall subjected to a combination of dead and seismic loads.
This check should be based on the following parameters:

Design Code: 2012 IBC w/ AISI S100-07/ S2-10

Design Method: ASD
Columns and strap plates will be designed for (D + 0.7E) as Max Compression load
combination
Lateral deflection will be calculated based on the full seismic loads
All connections will be designed for (0.6Duplift + 0.7E) as Uplift Dead Load load combination
Average floor depth = 6
Building Risk Category: III
Seismic Design Category (SDC): A
Response Modification Coefficient (R) = 3
System Overstrength Factor (0) = 2
Distortional Buckling Rotational Stiffness (k) = 0
Maximum Bridging spacing = 5 ft
Lateral bracing: @ bridging spacing
Torsional bracing: @ bridging spacing
Maximum inter-storey drift from seismic = 0.02h, where h is the storey height
Column layout: single in 1st storey, back-to-back in 2nd storey with fastener spacing = 12
Columns are designed for an exact depth of 6
Uplift dead load will be auto calculated
Infill stud spacing = 16
Tributary width for uplift dead load calculation = 16
Effect of the standard punch-out is considered
Strength increase due to cold-work of forming is considered

The layout of the shear wall with numbering of joints and members is shown in Figure 1, and the
applied dead and seismic loads are shown in Figure 2.

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

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9
6

10 ft

5
2

12 ft

1
1

10 ft

Figure 1 Layout of the Shear Wall

0.5 kip

0.5 kip
8

6 kips

0.5 kip

0.5 kip
3

4 kips

5
2

5
2

Dead Loads

Seismic Loads

Figure 2 Loads on the Shear Wall

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

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2. Modeling using SteelSmart System

The shear wall is assumed consisted of a group of link members that carry axial forces only,
therefore; the bracing members in compression are omitted from the model (drawn as dotted
lines in Figures 1 and 2) since they are assumed of no contribution in the stiffness of the shear
wall due to their high slenderness. Each horizontal member in the shear wall model represents a
rigid concrete element of squared shape (100 X 100).

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

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X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 6 of 14

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 7 of 14

3. Analysis
3.1 General
The lateral deflection of the shear wall at a specified level () can be calculated using the Virtual
Work method according to the following relation:
External Work = Internal Work
* (Unit Lateral Load) =

N 0i N1i Li
i 1 Ei Ai

where,
i
= member ID
N0i
= axial force induced in the ith member due to seismic loads
N1i
= axial force induced in the ith member due to unit lateral load placed at the same joint
that we want to calculate its deflection
Li
= geometric length of the ith member
Ei
= modulus of elasticity of the ith member
Ai
= cross-sectional area of the ith member
Table 1 displays the values of (L, E, and A) for each member in accordance with the design
output of SteelSmart System 8.0.

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 8 of 14

Table 1 Properties of Members

Member

Cross-Section

L (in.)

E (ksi)

A (in.2)

100 X 100

120

3500

10,000

(2) 600C/STW250-43

144

29500

1.1058

(2) 600C/STW250-43

144

29500

1.1058

100 X 100

120

3500

10,000

(2) 4 X 54 mils

187.45

29500

0.4528

600C/STW250-43

120

29500

0.5529

600C/STW250-43

120

29500

0.5529

100 X 100

120

3500

10,000

(2) 4 X 54 mils

169.71

29500

0.4528

3.2 Axial Forces in Members due to Seismic Loads (N0i)

The axial force in each member of the shear wall due to seismic loads (N0i) can be calculated by
the solver of SteelSmart System 8.0 for the (E) load case. Values of N0i are displayed in Table 2.
Negative signs denote compression forces, while no sign denotes tension forces.
Table 2 Axial Forces in Shear Wall Members due to Full Seismic Loads
Member

N0i (kips)

0.000

6.000

-18.000

-10.000

15.620

0.000

-6.000

-6.000

8.485

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 9 of 14

3.3 Axial Forces in Members due to Lateral Unit Load (N1i)

To calculate the lateral deflection at a specified joint, the axial force in each member of the
shear wall due to lateral unit load (N1i) can be calculated manually by placing 1 kip laterally at
this joint (Figure 3), then constructing the corresponding axial force diagram. Alternatively, the
values of N1i for the shear wall members could be obtained using the solver of SteelSmart
System 8.0 regardless to the designed sections since it is a statically determinate structure.
5

1 kip

1 kip

Lateral Unit Load @ Joint 5

Lateral Unit Load @ Joint 3

Figure 3 Position of Unit Lateral Load for Calculation of Lateral Deflection at Joints 3, 5
Values of N1i are displayed in Table 3 for lateral unit load placed @ joint 5, while they are
displayed in Table 4 for lateral unit load placed @ joint 3.
Table 3 Axial Forces in Shear Wall Members due to Unit Lateral Load Placed at Joint 5
Member

N1i (kips)

0.000

1.000

-2.200

-1.000

1.562

0.000

-1.000

-1.000

1.414

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 10 of 14

Table 4 Axial Forces in Shear Wall Members due to Unit Lateral Load Placed at Joint 3
Member

N1i (kips)

0.000

0.000

-1.200

-1.000

1.562

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

3.4 Lateral Deflection and Inter-Storey Drift Calculation

As discussed in Section 3.1, the lateral deflection at joint 3 or joint 5 (3 or 5, respectively) shall
be calculated as follows:
9

N 0i N1i Li
i 1 Ei Ai
=
Unit Lateral Load

According to Figure 4, the internal work for unit lateral load placed at joint 5 = 0.740 kip-in.
Internal Work for Unit Load Placed @ Joint 5
N0

Member Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(kips)
0.000
6.000
-18.000
-10.000
15.620
0.000
-6.000
-6.000
8.485

N1

Length "L"

(kips)
(in.)
0.000
120
1.000
144
-2.200
144
-1.000
120
1.562
187.45
0.000
120
-1.000
120
-1.000
120
1.414
169.71
Internal Work (kips-in.)

Modulus of
Elasticity "E"
(ksi)
3500
29500
29500
3500
29500
29500
29500
3500
29500

Area "A"

(N0N1L)/(EA)

(in.2)
10,000
1.1058
1.1058
10,000
0.4528
0.5529
0.5529
10,000
0.4528

(kips-in.)
0.000
0.026
0.175
0.000
0.342
0.000
0.044
0.000
0.152
0.740

Figure 4 Calculation of the Internal Work for Unit Lateral Load Placed at Joint 5
5 =

0.740
= 0.740 in.
1

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 11 of 14

According to Figure 5, the internal work for unit lateral load placed at joint 3 = 0.438 kip-in.
Internal Work for Unit Load Placed @ Joint 3
N0

Member Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(kips)
0.000
6.000
-18.000
-10.000
15.620
0.000
-6.000
-6.000
8.485

N1

Length "L"

(kips)
(in.)
0.000
120
0.000
144
-1.200
144
-1.000
120
1.562
187.45
0.000
120
0.000
120
0.000
120
0.000
169.71
Internal Work (kips-in.)

Modulus of
Elasticity "E"
(ksi)
3500
29500
29500
3500
29500
29500
29500
3500
29500

Area "A"

(N0N1L)/(EA)

(in.2)
10,000
1.1058
1.1058
10,000
0.4528
0.5529
0.5529
10,000
0.4528

(kips-in.)
0.000
0.000
0.095
0.000
0.342
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438

Figure 5 Calculation of the Internal Work for Unit Lateral Load Placed at Joint 3
3 =

0.438
= 0.438 in.
1

The inter-storey drift should be calculated in accordance with Section 12.8.6 ASCE 7-10 as
follows:
= inter-storey drift
C
= d e
(Equation 12.8-15 ASCE 7-10)
Ie
where,
Cd
= deflection amplification factor in Table 12.2-1 ASCE 7-10
= 3.5 for light-framed (cold-formed steel) wall systems using flat strap bracing
e
= inter-storey drift determined by an elastic analysis
Ie
= importance factor determined in accordance with Section 11.5.1 ASCE 7-10
= 1.25 (for Risk Category III)
2-1 = inter-storey drift regarding stories 2 and 1
C ( 3
= d 5
Ie

3.5 * (0.740 0.438

= 0.846 in. < (0.02h2 = 0.02*10*12 = 2.4 in.)
1.25
= drift of storey 1
C
= d 3
Ie

=
1

3.5 * 0.438
= 1.226 in. < (0.02h1 = 0.02*12*12 = 2.88 in.)
1.25

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

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4. Verification of SteelSmart System

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 13 of 14

X-Brace Shear Wall (2)

SteelSmart System 7.0 SP2

Page 14 of 14